Jamhuriyar Karelia tana arewa maso yammacin Rasha. Godiya ga tafkuna da gandun daji a cikin yankin, an samar da takamaiman yanayi tare da isasshen ruwan sama, galibi ana nuna yanayi mai canzawa. Yawancin tsire-tsire da dabbobi da aka yi wa rajista a cikin yankin yankin an jera su a cikin Littattafan Red na Jamhuriyar da Rasha.
Sauyin Karelia Shirya
Jamhuriyar Karelia tana arewa maso yammacin Rasha. Kwarewar yanayinta shine yawan dazuzzuka na daji, wanda ya mamaye kadada miliyan 13.41 na yankin.
A cikin jamhuriya akwai tafkuna 73,000. Ladoga da Onega tabkuna, sanannen tabkuna na Karelia, an kuma shaida su a matsayin mafi girma ba wai kawai a cikin jamhuriya ba, har ma a Turai. Hakanan, koguna da yawa suna gudana cikin yankin. Misali, a cikin Ladoga Lake, Neva, Volkhov, Svir, Olonka da sauransu sun fara.
Godiya ga wuraren shakatawa da gandun daji, takamaiman yanayi tare da isasshen ruwan sama ya tashi a Karelia. Hunturu a Karelia yana da laushi, amma yana da tsawo, yana farawa a ƙarshen Oktoba. Yanayin ba ya canzawa, yanayin thaws da kaɗaici ba kwatsam bane. Ruwan bazara ya zo a ƙarshen Maris, amma har ma a watan Mayu, masana kimiyyar meteorologists suna yin rubutun sanyi. Lokacin rani a Karelia ya zo a watan Yuni, watan mafi zafi shine Yuli, yawan zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa +34 digiri C. Rana ya fara a rabin na biyu na watan Agusta.
Flora na Karelia Shirya
An kuma ƙaddara fasalin fauna da fure na jamhuriyar Karelia ta hanyar yanki. Tsire-tsire na halayyar tundra suna girma a cikin yankuna na arewacin: mosses, lichens, dwarf spruce da Birch. Amma kashi 46.80% na ƙasar Karelia tana da mamaye daji. Daga cikin conifers, pine da spruce na kowa ne. Kusa da Kudancin Karelia, gandun daji na tsiro daban-daban tare da waɗanda aka cakuda. A cikin gandun daji masu hade, alder, aspen suna gama gari, wani lokacin ana samun magagin maza. Hakanan a cikin gandun daji na Karelian zaka iya ganin itace mai saukin gaske da kimar gaske - Birni Karelian. An jera shi a cikin Littafin Farko na Jamhuriyar, saboda katako, saboda kyawawan kayan adonsa, ana darajar shi a ko'ina cikin duniya.
Tiarancin gandun daji yana wakilta ta hanyar tsirrai. Amma yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa, alal misali, sun kusan basu girma a cikin gandun itacen pine. Kusa da kudanci Kudancin Karen fure ne lokacin da ake samun lingonberries, shudi, shuki da kaberan kabeji. Ana daraja berries na arewacin saboda ma'adinan su da bitamin masu amfani. "Pantry na rana" - wannan shine marubucin marubucin mu na halitta Prishvin ya kira gandunan mu. Soilasa a cikin gandun daji an rufe shi da mosses da lichens; reinseer moss da heather sune gama gari.
Daga cikin namomin kaza akwai boletus launin ruwan kasa, boletus, chanterelles da russula. A cikin burs akwai farar fata da masallacin juji. A cikin gandun daji gauraye, akwai namomin kaza wanda aka yi amfani da shi don salting: namomin kaza na sussuka, namomin kaza (fari, baƙi, rawaya), namomin kaza da sauran nau'in namomin kaza.
Karelia
Karelia, yanki mai kariya daga gandun daji da tabkuna, yana cikin arewa maso yammacin Rasha. A cikin yankinta, wanda yake daidai da Girka ko Bulgaria, ta mamaye matsayi na biyar a tsakanin wakilan Federationungiyar Tarayyar Rasha. A yamma, Karelia tana kusa da Finland, a kudu, arewa da gabas - tare da yankuna na Yankin Tarayya ta Arewa-yamma na yankuna - Leningrad, Vologda, Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, kuma a arewa-maso gabashin bakin tekun ruwan sanyi ya wanke ta.
Fauna na Karelia Shirya
Wani fasalin Karelia shine fauna. Akwai dabbobi dabbobin taiga da wakilan Tekun Arewa na masarautar dabbobi. An samo bears, Wolves, Wolverines, lynxes a cikin gandun daji na Karelia. Yawancin lokaci ana samun mage da barewa - waɗannan dabbobin sun rayu a ƙasar Karelian shekaru 5-6 da suka gabata. Yawan beaver biyu suna zaune a cikin koguna na Karelia - Turai da Kanad.
Akwai dabbobi da yawa da ba kasafai ba a cikin Karelia, alal misali, hatimin Ladoga, wanda ke rayuwa ne kawai a cikin tafkin Ladoga da kuma a Unguwar Saimaa a Finland. A cikin Littafin Red na Karelia an jera sunayen kuda, Wolverine, porpoise.
Duniyar tsuntsaye ba ta da bambanci. A arewacin jamhuriyya akwai wasan sama mai kyau: baƙar fata, baƙar fata, fila, farar fata. Akwai tsuntsayen ganima kamar mujiya, hayak, mikiya. Saboda yawan tafkunan, tafkin ruwa yana jin daɗin zama a cikin Karelia. Ana samun yawancin nau'ikan teku, ducks da loons a kan lakuna, kuma gaggafa a bakin teku.
Jamhuriyyar tana da kifaye iri iri - fararen kifin, kifin kifi, kifin, kifi, zoben da sauran su. Yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe iri daban-daban da kwari, musamman mara kyau ga mutane da dabbobi, sauro, tsaka-tsakin da dawakai. Macijin da ya fi hatsari a cikin wadannan sassan shine macijin talakawa ne. A wajen kudu, maganganun cizon kaska ba abune da ba a sani ba.
Karin bayanai
Karelia, lu'ulu'u ta arewacin ƙasar ta yawon shakatawa ta duniya, wani ɓangare ne na hanyar yawon shakatawa na Blue Road wanda ke haɗa ƙasar da Norway, Sweden, da Finland.
Yanayin Karelia mai ban sha'awa, asalin al'adun mutanen da ke zaune a ciki, fasahar gine-gine da kuma wuraren bauta ta addini suna jawo masoya masu yawon shakatawa da masu son kyakkyawa a kowane lokaci na shekara. Anan za ku iya tsalle tsalle, yin tafiye-tafiye da tafiye-tafiye, farauta, kifi, sanin masaniyar gine-gine, al'adun gargajiya da na tarihi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, hanyoyin “muhalli” masu kyakkyawan yanayin sun shahara sosai, gami da ziyarar wuraren shakatawa na kasa da wuraren kariya, kazalika da yawon shakatawa na kabilanci waɗanda ke ba da damar ziyartar Karelian, Pomeranian, Veps ƙauyuka tare da dogon tarihi.
Hunturu a Karelia Museum-Reserve "Kizhi"
Tarihin Karelia
Ko da a cikin karni na VII-VI BC. e. mutane suka fara zama a yankin Karelia. Wannan ya bayyana ta sanannen Karelian petroglyphs na duniya da aka samo a gabashin gabar ruwan Lake Onega, kusa da ƙauyen Besov Nos. Akwai tsoffin hotuna a yankin Tekun Fasha na Karelia, a bakin Kogin Vyg. An sani cewa a cikin karni na 1 BC. e. Kabilun Finno-Ugric, Karelians, Vepsians da Sami sun zauna a nan. A farkon zamaninmu, kabilun Slavic sun bayyana a gefen Tekun Fasha, suna kawo nan al'adun noma ƙasar.
Da zuwan Kievan Rus a karni na 9, yankuna Karelian sun kasance duk da tasirin tasirinsu. Bayan rushewar wannan tsohuwar jihar, Karelia ta zama wani ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Novgorod, kuma a cikin 1478, tare da wasu ƙasashe na Veliky Novgorod, sun zama ɓangare na ƙasar Rasha.
A cikin karni na XVI-XVII, esan Sweden, suna da'awar wannan yanki, sun sake yin wani faɗaɗa zuwa gabas, kuma, sakamakon yakin shekaru uku na Rasha-Sweden, a cikin 1617 Russia ta dakatar da Karelian Isthmus zuwa Sweden a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Stolbov. A cikin karni na gaba, bisa ga yarjejeniyar Nystadt ta zaman lafiya (1721), wanda ya kawo karshen Yaƙin Arewa, wannan ɓangaren ƙasar ya koma Rasha.
Tun shekara ta 1923, Karelia ta sami matsayin Republican Jamhuriyar Soviet ta cin gashin kai. A shekarar 1990, majalisar koli ta Karelia ta kafa shela kan ikon mallakar mulkin Karelian na gurguzu ta Soviet, kuma a shekara mai zuwa aka sake mata suna Jamhuriyyar Karelia. A ranar 31 ga Maris, 1992, Jamhuriyar Karelia, bayan da ta sanya hannu a kan wata yarjejeniya ta tarayya, ta zama mai cikakken iko game da Tarayyar Rasha kuma ta zama wani yanki na Yankin Tarayya ta Arewa maso Yamma na Rasha.
Karelia tana da suturar yaƙi, waƙoƙi da tutoci, kuma babban birninta ita ce birnin Petrozavodsk.
Villavetsky Village Kale Villast Sunset a Sortavala
Babban birnin Karelia
Isowar babban birni na Jamhuriyar Karelia yana da alaƙa da sunan Peter Mai Girma da kuma abubuwan tarihi masu ban mamaki na farkon ƙarni na 18: Russiaariyar Rasha zuwa Tekun Baltic, sake fasalin jihar a cikin “yanayin Turai”, da haɓaka haɓakar masana'antu.
A shekara ta 1703, a bakin tafkin Lake Onega, a bakin gabar kogin Lososenka, sun fara gina filin tsiro na Petrovsky, wanda ya kasance babbar harkar mallakar makamai a Rasha. A kusa da shi Petrovskaya Sloboda, inda masu fasaha, sojoji, jami'an ma'aikatun ma'adinai ke zaune. Dangane da dokar Catherine ta II a cikin 1777, wannan mazaunin ya sami matsayin birni, kuma a cikin 1781 Petrozavodsk ya zama tsakiyar lardin Olonets. Gwamnan farko na yankin shi ne mawaki kuma mai martaba Gavril Derzhavin.
Katidik din Alexander Nevsky a Petrozavodsk
Katin ziyarar Petrozavodsk ita ce Tsohon garin, inda gine-ginen gine-gine na ƙarni na 18 zuwa 19 suka kasance. Daga cikin shahararrun sune Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1823), Holy Cross Cathedral (1852), Solomensky cocin cocin tare da cocin Manzanni Peter da Paul (1781), cocin Stretenskaya (1798).
Babban birnin Karelia shi ne babban cibiyar samar da yawon shakatawa na jamhuriyar. Daga nan, hanyoyi da layin dogo yana rarrabuwa zuwa manyan abubuwan jan hankali na yankin.
Gidan Jirgin Saman Kasa na Petrozavodsk na Jamhuriyar Karelia Petrozavodsk Embankment
Tarihi da al'adu na jan hankali
Asalin al'adun Karelia wani lamari ne da ke da alaƙa da al'adun asalin 'yan asalin ƙasa, ƙarni goma ke zaune tare a wannan duniyar - Karelians, Finns, Vepsians, Russia. Yawancin wuraren gine-gine da wuraren tarihi waɗanda ke Jamhuriyar Karelia suna da matsayin asalin al'adun Rasha, kuma wasu suna kan jerin ƙasashen duniya na UNESCO.
Manyan kadarorin uku da ke cikin taskar Karelia sune Kizhi, Valaam da tsibirin Solovetsky. Wadannan cibiyoyin al'adun gargajiya da na ruhaniya na mahimmancin duniya a kowace shekara suna karɓar dubban baƙi waɗanda ke son su san abubuwan da ke faruwa da kuma abubuwan tarihi na yau da kullun na jama'a, ziyarci gidajen tarihi na musamman, koya game da al'adun gargajiyar Karelia.
Kizhi yana daya daga cikin tsibirin daya da rabi da ke Lake Lake daya. Tsibirin shi ne Kizhi Pogost - sanannen sananniyar kayan gine-ginen katako na arewacin Rasha, wanda aka sanya cikin Jerin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO.
An kirkiro wannan tarin kayan tarihi a karni na 18. A shekara ta 1714, mazauna karkara suka gina nasu kuɗaɗe a nan Ikklisiyar mai hawa ashirin da biyu da ke ta Canji. Rabin ƙarni bayan haka, Cocin Coci ya girma ba shi da nisa, daga nan sai ƙaramar hasumiyar kararrawa, wanda ya ba da cikakkiyar aminci da cikawa. Masana tarihin Art sunyi imani da cewa wannan labarin yana yiwuwa ya kasance cikin mahangar masu bi game da asalin halittar allahntaka.
Ginin kayan aikin gine-ginen Kizhi Pogost, wanda ke kudu maso gabashin tsibirin, ya zama tushe wanda aka kirkiro babbar tashar kayan gargajiya ta sararin samaniya. Tana gabatar da tatsuniyoyi na tsoffin kayan gine-gine, abubuwan gida (kusan 30,000 nune-nune), kayan adon addini, gami da gumakan 500 na karnin 16 - 19. A cikin ƙarni da yawa, an ƙirƙira wannan duka a cikin ƙauyukan Rashanci, Karelian, Veps waɗanda ke cikin yankuna daban-daban na Obonezh da kuma a ƙauyukan kudu da Arewacin Karelia.
Baya ga abubuwan tarihi waɗanda ke wakiltar ainihin hanyar hadaddun, akwai wasu tsoffin ƙauyuka.
Dakin majami'ar Kizhi Kizhi a maraice yana jin kunya majami'ar tashin tashin Li'azaru
Domin rabin karni na kasancewar, an sake cika gidan kayan gargajiya tare da keɓaɓɓen nune-nunen abubuwa: ɗayan tsofaffin da suka tsira daga gidan ibada na katako na Rasha an jigilar su a nan - Cocin Resurrection I tashin La'azaru na karni na XIV, ɗakunan ibada da yawa, fiye da gidaje ashirin masu haɓaka. Daga cikin fasinjojin da ake jigilar su akwai sito, rigs, wanka da sauran ginin.
Kauyukan Yamka da Vasilyevo suna tsakiyar yankin tsibirin, a arewacin akwai wurin nuna cibiyar, bayanin abin da ya san yawon bude ido da al'adun mutanen Rasha na Pudozhja, wani yanki daban da aka sadaukar da shi ga al'adun Pryazha Karelians.
Gidan kayan tarihi ba wai kawai wurin ajiye kayan tarihi ba ne kawai tare da ƙarni na tarihi, har ma da cibiyar bincike, inda suke tsunduma cikin farkawar al'adun mutane.Gidan kayan gargajiya yana riƙe da hutu na gargajiya, wasannin gargajiya, Zamanin kayan gargajiya.
Ana yin sabis na allahntaka a cikin tsoffin gidajen ibada a yau, kuma ana jefa karrarawa akan bifin na Kizhi.
Wuraren samar da ababen more rayuwa - cafe, mashaya, kiosks na kyauta, ofis da kuma kayan agaji na farko - suna a kudancin tsibirin. Hakanan akwai matukin jirgi inda zaku iya tafiya kan jirgin ruwa akan hanyar da ake kira "Kizhi abun wuya". A yayin tafiya za ku iya ganin rawar da ba ta da ban mamaki ta tsoffin majami'u da ke warwatse a sassa daban daban na tsibirin Kizhi da kuma tsibiran makwabta. Kowannensu na musamman ne, ba kamar ɗayan ba ne, kuma yana cikin mahallinsa na zahiri da na tarihi.
Yawon shakatawa na ɗaukar sa'o'i 3. Kudinsa: 100 rubles a kowane mutum.
Tsibirin Kizhi, Karelia Wooden Mill Boat House
Kwanan nan, wani sabon hanyar shakatawa ya bayyana a tsibirin Kizhi - hanya mai fasalin yanayin kasa. La'akari da cewa gidan kayan gargajiya yana a cikin yankin na musamman na Karelia, an shimfiɗa shi kusan kilomita 3 kuma sanye take da dandamali na kallo, daga abin da yanki mai ban sha'awa na yankin, ya lalace ta hanyar girgizar ƙasa da kuma kyandir wanda ya sauka kimanin shekaru dubu 12 da suka gabata, buɗe. Daga nan zaku iya kallon tsuntsayen da ba kasafai ba kuma kuna sha'awar gaɓar ciyayi na tsibirin Kizhi. A hanya, an shirya wuraren ajiye bayanai da wuraren nishaɗi.
Duk tsibirin yana sarrafawa ta hanyar ajiyar kayan gargajiya, kuma don ƙofar ta don ziyarar mutum kana buƙatar biyan 500 rubles. Tikitin don ‘yan fansho sunkai 300 rubles, ga ɗalibai - 200 rubles, yara underan shekaru 16 na iya zuwa tsibirin kyauta.
Kuna iya yin balaguron balaguro a kan daidai. Zaɓin shirye-shiryen balaguro mai girma, lokacinsu yana daga kwata zuwa awa uku, farashi yana daga 200 zuwa 1000 rubles a kowane mutum.
Abubuwan da aka tsara game da yanayin tsinkayen mu a cikin Kizhi
- Farkon yanayin aikin muhalli (Shiga a ginin gudanarwar)
- Sauyin yanayi na Zaonezhie (Poklonnaya giciye daga ƙauyen Chuinavolok)
- Tsarin ilimin kayan tarihi na ƙasar Kizhi skerries (A ƙofar)
- Tarihin Tsibirin Kizhi (Helipad)
- Wuraren da glacier a tsibirin Kizhi (Site a bayan hurumi)
- Kayan lambu na tsibirin Kizhi (Mill kusa da ƙauyen Yamka)
- Tsuntsaye na kayan Kizhi (Dandalin a ɗakin sujada na Mai Ceto ba da Hannun hannu ba)
- Tsibirin Kizhi Fauna (A rijiya)
- Yanayin tsibirin da yawan jama'arta (tari a kan ƙananan ƙananan hanyoyi)
- Matsalar muhalli da kuma mafitarsu (A ƙofar ƙofa, wurin da motar ke juyawa)
Valaam
A arewacin yankin Lake Ladoga, akwai tarin tsibiri na Valaam, wanda aka ba da sunan tsibirin Valaam. Wannan sunan ya kasance sanannen sanannen dako a duniya. Tarihin tarihin gidan sufi na Valaam ya koma ƙarni X-XI. Tun daga wannan lokacin, sanannen gini mai fasalin gine-gine ya zama sannu a hankali a kusa da shi.
Wadannan wurare na Karelia an dawo dasu a karni na 10, kuma a daidai wannan lokaci sufaye na farko na Orthodox suka bayyana a nan. Abin dogaro ne wanda aka sani cewa a cikin karni na XIV an riga an sami gidan sufi. A shekara ta 1611, 'yan Sweden suka lalata shi, ya kuma zauna a kango fiye da shekara ɗari. An fara dawo da gidan bautar ne kawai a cikin 1715, amma gine-ginen katako da ke tsakiyar ƙarni na 18 ya ƙone da wuta. Babban sikelin yin gine-gine na dutsen da aka yi da dutse ya fara ne a cikin 1781. An gina majami'u, majami'u da kuma ginin a nan. A kan lokaci, an shimfiɗa hanyoyi a kan tuddai na gidan sufi, an zubar da madatsun ruwa, an tona tashoshi, an gina gadoji kuma an gina wuraren magudanan ruwa.
Kirista mai taurin kai da haƙuri Valaam ruhuna da hannu ya ƙirƙira m ƙasa Layer a kan m tsibirin tsibirin, yayyafa ƙasa kawo daga ɓangaren duniya. Anan suka fara shuka bishiyoyi da kayan lambun nesa ba kusa da wadannan wuraren ba.
Ladoga a faɗuwar rana Jirgin ruwan ya tafi Nikolsky Skete
Rationawarar gine-ginen gidan ibada da kyau na mutum-mutumin da ke kewayen da ke kewaye da ita sun zama ɗaya tare da yanayin Valaam na musamman.Yana da ban sha'awa sosai cewa a cikin karni na 19 tsibirin ya zama nau'in bita, inda masu zane-zane na Rasha suka ɗora gwaninta a zanen zane-zane. Sabili da haka, an kama sufan gidan Valaam da tsibirin kanta a cikin zane-zane da yawa da aka adana yau a cikin shahararrun kayan tarihi.
Babban hadadden gidan dutsen dutsen dutsen gini ne mai haɓakawa da harshe na duk tsibirin Valaam. Ginin gidan sufi na tsakiya ya hada da Transfiguration Cathedral, gine-ginen sel, otal na mahajjata, Holy Holy Gates tare da cocin kofar gida na Peter da Paul, Assumption da majami'un bayar da Rai-Sadarwa.
Vasam Transfiguration Monastery, Karelia Ra'ayin kabarin memorial
Tsarin gidan tsakiyar yana kewaye da Cocin Ceto, Cocin na Mahaifin Iyaye, wanda katangar nasa ta rage ragowar rukunin gidajen sufi, kayan adon da sauran gine-gine.
Tsoffin gidajen ibada a bayyane suke ga jama'a, amma dole ne mutum ya kasance cikin suturar da ta dace. Ga mata cikin wando, wando, da gajerun wando, tare da an rufe kawunan su, ƙofar za a rufe. Shorts, T-shirts da tracksuits akan maza shima ba a maraba dasu.
Yawon shakatawa zuwa Valaam sun tashi daga Petrozavodsk da Ladoga. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, motocin bas sun isa garin Sortavala, daga inda, a cikin lokacin dumi, ana gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na yau da kullun akan Meteor. Lokacin tafiya ta ruwa - awa 1.
Jirgin ruwa Meteor Valaam - lu'u-lu'u na Karelia
Lokacin yin odar shakatawa a cikin wannan birni, zaku iya zaɓar ɗayan zaɓuɓɓuka biyu: ɗan gajeren shiri, wanda ya haɗa da juyawa, yawon shakatawa mai kula da gidajen shakatawa na gidaje (daga 2300 rubles a kowane mutum) ko cikakken shirin, wanda ƙari kuma ya haɗa da yawon shakatawa na babban yanki da ake kira “ Sabuwar Urushalima ”, ziyarar Nikon Bay, abincin rana a wurin ajiyar abinci, kazalika da damar sauraren kararrakin coci na coci (daga 3170 rubles a kowane mutum).
Idan kayi tafiya ta jirgin ruwa mai zaman kansa ko na haya, zaka iya yin moor a cikin dutsen a cikin Monularrskaya Bay.
A cikin hunturu, kamfanonin tafiye-tafiye suna shirya tafiye-tafiye na kankara da tafiye-tafiyen kankara a Valaam.
Tsibirin Valaam a cikin hunturu
Solovki
Tsibirin Solovetsky na cikin yanki ne na Arkhangelsk, amma a tarihi suna da alaƙa da Karelia kuma suna kan iyakokinta na arewacin kan tekun Fasha. Hanyar mafi guntu zuwa Solovki ta ta'allaka ne daga gabar Karelian, kuma yawancin hanyoyin yawon shakatawa a Karelia sun haɗa da ziyarar zuwa tarin tsibirin Solovetsky.
Tana kusa da da'irar Arctic kuma ta haɗa da manyan tsibirai shida da kusan ɗari ko .asa da. Kasuwancin bakin ruwa na Solovki wani hoto ne na musamman: yana burge matafiya da adon adanawa a bakin teku, kama da bangon tsoffin biranen da suka lalace, wani yanki mai tarin yawa na gandun daji hade da tabkuna da ke warwatse a tsakanin su.
Tsibiri yana da matsayin yanki mai kariya na musamman, na tarihi, na kayan gini da keɓaɓɓiyar kayan tarihi.
Labyrinth a Tsibirin Big Zayatsky Solovetsky tabkuna, Karelia
Ginin gine-ginen gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda ya danganta ne da gidan sukar Solovetsky, an jera shi azaman Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO.
Mafi shahara tsakanin tsibiran tsibiran itace Babban tsibirin Solovetsky. A nan ne kawai ƙauyen tarin tsibiri da kuma babban tarihin tarihi, ruhaniya da na gani na gidan kayan gargajiya suke: gidan sufi da kansa, gidan sufi na Ascension a kan dutsen Sekirnaya, da gidan sufi na Savvatievsky, kazalika da hamada Isaakov, Filipov da Makariyev.
Babban tsibirin Muksalma
Wasu wuraren bautar na gidan sufi na Solovetsky - kayan tarihi, jeji, da kuma kayan tarihi na Dutse suna kan tsibiran Bolshaya Muksalma, Anzer da kuma tsibirin Big Zayatsky.
Gidan sufin Solovetsky, wanda shine ɗayan manyan cibiyoyin ruhaniya da al'adun Rasha, an kafa su ne a karni na 15 ta dodannin Zosima da Jamusanci.An san gidan sufi saboda rawar da ya taka a tarihin ƙarfafa ƙarfin ƙasar Rasha a yankuna na arewacin.
Tsarin gine-ginen gidan ibada ya hada da kayan tarihin arnan na zamanin pre-Christian, Grand Kselin - wani sansanin soja ne mai karfi daga ginin daji, gine-ginen fararen dutse-dutse, tsarin hanyoyin kera mutum da ke hade da tabkuna na tsibiri, tsohuwar lambun Botanical.
A cikin 20s na karni na karshe, Bolsheviks sun ɗauki ginin gidan sufi a zaman da ya dace don shirya wuraren da ake tsare da masu laifi da citizensan ƙasa "marasa amintattu". Ya kamata a faɗi cewa an bar masu laifi da masu bautar Allah da banbanci a bangon Solovetsky Monastery. Amma yayin da a cikin ƙarni huɗu da suka gabata, kusan fursunoni 300 sun gaji a nan, a cikin ƙasa da shekaru 20, mutane sama da dubu ɗari sun ziyarci ɗakunan gidajen kurkukun sansanin musamman na Solovetsky, yawancinsu ba su taɓa barin Solovki ba. Tokarsu ta huta ne a cikin kaburburan marasa suna.
A cikin 1990, gidan sufi na Solovetsky ya dawo cikin rukuni na Ikklesiyar Otodoks, sannu a hankali ya dawo da rawar da ya taka a rayuwar ruhaniya ta Rasha. Don ganin gagarumin hadaddiyar gidan dutsen nan na gado, a dubun dubatar mahajjata da baƙi suna zuwa nan kowace shekara.
Ya fi dacewa in isa tsibirin Solovetsky daga garuruwan Kem da Belomorsk.
Jiragen ruwan sun tashi daga matattarar 'kauyen Rabocheostrovsk, mai nisan kilomita 12 daga Kemi, sau biyu a rana daga watan Yuni zuwa Satumba. Kudin tikiti na hanya guda shine 1,500 rubles ga wani balaga, 750 rubles ga yara daga shekaru 3 zuwa 10, ga yara underan ƙasa da shekaru uku - tafiya ba kyauta. Lokacin tafiya shine awa 2.
Haka farashin tikiti na fasinjoji waɗanda ke tafiya zuwa tsibirin Solovetsky daga tashar Kifi a Belomorsk. Jirgin ruwan, wanda yake tashi yau da kullun daga watan Yuni zuwa Satumba, yana kan hanya tsawon awanni 4, a kan jirgi akwai motocin fasinjoji 4 masu jin daɗi, cafe, bene na tafiya har ma da ɗakin karatu.
Ruskeala Marble Canyon, Karelia
A masarautar arewa
Karelia wani nau'in ajiyar halitta ne. Ba a adana ire-iren tarihin tarihin Yammacin Turai a cikin wannan ƙasa mai nisa ba. Anan zaka iya ganin sakamakon rikice-rikicen da suka daidaita fuskar duniyar tamu tun kafin bayyanar mutane. Yanayin wuri na gida, adana ambaliyar girgizar kasa ta farko, rafukan volcanic, faduwar manyan meteorites, sun yi matukar burge masu yawon bude ido, kuma daliban ilmin kimiyyar ilmin kimiyyar halittu suna zuwa wadannan bangarorin don nazarin yanayin fasahar dusar kankara wacce da zarar ta shiga nahiyar daga Tekun Arewa. Yawan dumbin kankara wanda ya narke kimanin shekaru dubu 12 da suka shude sun bar “katunan kiran” su anan - katon dutse, gurnani mai zurfi a cikin duwatsu, da tuddai na dutse, kamar dai giyar wani katon bulldozer ne, - moraines. Duk waɗannan canje-canje na titanic na duniya sun fallasa wurare da dama na ma'adanai masu amfani har ma da duwatsu masu tamani.
Kusan rabin Karelia an rufe shi da gandun daji, kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na tabkuna suna mamaye wurare da yawa. Yankin wuri mai kyau yana cikawa da fadama ruwa da tsaunukan hoto cike da gansakuka.
Babban arzikin ƙasa na Karelia shine gandun daji. Jin daɗin cakudawa da cakuda taiga shine mazaunin daji, bears, Wolves, lynxes, muz, boars daji, da kuma tsuntsaye kusan 270 jinsuna ne.
Brown Bear Reindeer Beavers Elk Miyar Dankana Haushi
A karkashin bishiyar kore na bishiran bishiyoyi, shudi, lingonberries, Rosemary, ciyawa, ganyayen daji da mosses suna girma cikin girma, daga cikinsu akwai magunguna masu yawa. Wadannan bishiyun bishiyun sune mafi kyawun wurare don ɗaukar gargaɗi. Willow, ceri tsuntsu, ash dutse, juniper, alder, gami da nau'in mahimmanci tare da itacen baƙar fata, suna girma a cikin ƙasa.
Wani itacen da ba kasafai ake samunsa ba - da Birni na Karelian - ana samunsa a ƙananan yankuna a cikin gandun daji na yankin kudancin ƙasar.Wannan itace itaciya, wacce itace mara nauyi mara amfani ko gangar jikinta - daya daga jinsin bishiyar da yafi kowace daraja. Sifanta rarrabe itace kyakkyawan itace mai kyau. Kayayyaki daga Karelian birch suna yin ado da gidaje masu sauƙin Karelian da shahararrun manyan ƙasashe na duniya.
Akwai koguna dubu 27 a Karelia, da kuma tabkuna sama da dubu 60. A zahiri, da yake magana, kowane dan Karelian yana da tafki ɗaya. Wani ya "samu" Ladoga, kuma wani - "" mai shi "na lambushka - kamar yadda Karelians ke kira rafukan daji ba tare da tushe ba.
Tsarin tafkin kogi na kasar na daban ne: babu irin wannan rashi na kasa da ruwa a wani wuri.
Ladoga (17.7,000 km²) da Onega (9.9,000 km²) layuka, yawancinsu suna kan yankin ƙasar Karelia ne, mafi girma a Turai. Abin banmamaki mai ban mamaki shine arewacin arewacin waɗannan rafukan - Kizhi da skadojin Ladoga - tsibiri mai dutse da aka raba ta da mawuyacin hali da kuma tarin tarin tsibiri.
Manyan koguna na Karelia sune Vodla, Vyg, Kovda, Kem, Suna, Shuya. Wuraren Karelian - mazaunin nau'ikan kifaye 60, gami da farin kifi, pikeperch, kifin, kifin, kifi, kifin, burki, burbot.
Rana a Rana Ladoga
Jamhuriyar Karelia tana da ruwan teku kawai na Rasha - Tekun Bahar Maliya. A zamanin da, ana kiranta "Baƙin Maciji" saboda karkatacciyar ƙasa, tekun masunta. Tsibiri mai dutsen mai ban sha'awa, an rufe shi da kyawawan wurare masu kyau da dazuzzuka, iska mai warkarwa, kyakkyawan kamun kifi yana jan hankalin romantics, yachtsmen, masunta-masu tsere zuwa gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya. Abin takaici, hutawa anan ana samun kawai a cikin taƙaitaccen lokacin bazara, amma yawancin shekara ta kankara ta rufe teku.
Balaguro a cikin Karelia ya fi kyau a lokacin bazara ko lokacin hunturu, amma ya dace a duba cewa a kowane lokaci na shekara yanayin ba shi da tsayayye, tunda yankin jamhuriyar yana cikin yankin ruwan. A cikin watanni na bazara, ana shirya jigilar kaya a nan, kuma a wannan lokacin yana da kyau idanun gani, yawancinsu suna cikin sasannin "daji". Wani karin haske game da hutun bazara a Karelia shine farin dare, a watan Yuni rana ba ta tsawan awowi 22 a rana ba.
Lokacin rani a Karelia yawanci sanyi ne: a cikin watan Yuli, a arewacin jamhuriyya, a matsakaici +14 ° С, a yankuna na kudanci - kusan +18 ° С, amma a nan, yana faruwa, zafin yana sarauta na makonni 2-3, kuma zazzabi na iya wuce +30 ° C. Wajibi ne a kasance cikin shiri don irin wannan yanayin na yanayi kamar tsawan ruwan sama - a lokacin bazara ba sabon abu bane.
A lokacin hunturu, yanayin zai iya zama na motsi. Ana iya kiran hunturu na Karelian mai laushi (matsakaicin yawan zafin lokacin sanyi yana kusan -13 ° C), amma koyaushe akwai damar da sanyi zai bugu kuma zazzabi zai sauka zuwa-35 ° C.
Dutsen Vottovaara
A tsakiyar jamhuriyyar, kilomita 20 kudu maso gabas na ƙauyen Sukkozero, akwai wani wuri mai ban sha'awa - Dutsen Vottovaara, mafi tsayi mafi girma na Yammacin Karelian Upland (417 mita).
Yan gari suna kiran wannan wurin wutar Mutuwa Mountain kuma suna ɗaukar sa wata babbar hanya ce ga sauran duniyar - mummunar tasiri akan kayan lantarki, yanayi, da jikin ɗan adam anan. Mutuwar da ta mutu, haka kuma bayyanar da ta ɓacin rai, wacce iska ta karye kuma ta zama baƙi bayan bishiyoyin wuta suna ƙara ƙarfin ji da kai.
A shekara ta 1978, an gano wani hadadden rukunin kayan gargajiya na tsaunin - dutsen dutsen dutsen dutse da aka shirya cikin ƙungiyoyi. A lokaci guda, manyan tubalan suna kwance akan kanana, da haifar da tunanin duwatsun akan kafafu.
Hakanan akan Vottovaar akwai wani matattara mai ban tsoro ga sama - matakai 13 da aka sassaka a cikin dutsen, ƙare cikin rami.
Dutsen Kivakkatunturi
Kasancewa a Hankalin National Paanajärvi, a yankin Louja. Tsayin dutsen ya kai tsawan mita 499, kuma sunan ya fassara daga Financi a matsayin “macen dutse” - a saman akwai manyan wuraren ɗaukar ruwa, ɗayan ɗayan ya yi kama da na tsohuwar mace.
Hawan zuwa Kivakka abu ne mai sauƙin ɗauka kuma yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 1-2 - ban da hanyar da ta taka sosai don saurin yawon shakatawa, ana dage ginin katako.A lokacin hawan, zaku iya gani kewaye da yanayin fasalin wadannan wurare - rataye rafuffuka da tabkuna masu tsayi da ke kwance a tsaunin dutsen da kuma shaida abubuwan dutsen.
Kyawawan Paanajärvi Park yana bayyane daga bayyane. Wannan wuri ya zama mai ban sha'awa musamman tare da zuwan lokacin kaka, lokacin da tsire-tsire ke sanya dutsen a cikin launuka masu launin shuɗi.
Paanajärvi Park
Kusa da Arctic Circle, a kan iyakar Karelia tare da Finland da Yankin Murmansk, a kan yanki mai girman hekta dubu 104, filin Yankin Paanajärvi ya bazu. Matafiya suna jan hankalin zuwa wannan kusurwa ta nesa da gandunan budurwa, waɗanda suka mamaye babban yanki na filin shakatawa, iska mai tsabta, sararin kogunan ruwa da tabkuna da kuma damar kasancewa ta kasance tare da yanayi.
A cikin shakatawa zaku iya hawa zuwa saman Dutsen Nuorunen - mafi girman tsibirin Karelia (576.7 m), tafi kan tafiya zuwa ƙaramin amma zurfin ruwa Paanayavari (124 m), ana mafaka a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, sha'awar kallon Kogin Olanga tare da cascading mai ban mamaki Kivakkakoski waterfall, ya ƙunshi manyan ledoji guda bakwai. Akwai ƙarin ambaliyar ruwa uku masu daɗi a nan - Mutkakoski, Mäntyukoski, Selkjakoski, waɗanda kuma sun cancanci kulawa.
Don baƙi a cikin wurin shakatawa sun shimfiɗa sahun tsaftar yanayin, waɗanda ke sanye da gadoji ta rafuffukan ruwa da ruwa. Alamun bayanai da alamu za su jagorance ku a hanya.
Anan za ku iya yin hayan gidan katako (ba tare da kayan more rayuwa ba) tare da murhu, bunks, a farfajiyar za ku sami wurin buɗe wuta, katako mai katako, itacen wuta, itacen wuta.
Paanajärvi Park
Zango kuma, hakika, baho suna nan don yawon bude ido. Akwai filin ajiye motoci (ba a yarda da motoci a wasu wurare ba). Kuna iya yin hayan jirgin ruwa, kayak, dusar ƙanƙara.
Tafiya a kan Lake Paanayavari
Nan kusa shine ƙauyen Pyaozersky, inda cibiyar baƙon shakatawa ke aiki. Anan zaka iya samun izini don kamun kifi, daukakkun berries da namomin kaza, yawo a kan tafkin Paanayavari ta jirgin ruwa ko jirgin ruwan jirgi mai saukar ungulu "Nadezhda".
An hana farauta, raft kogin, da tarin tsire-tsire masu magani a cikin shakatawa. Hakanan ba za a iya ɗaukar ma'adinai da kankara daga nan ba.
Wannan yanki na kiyaye rayuwa bashi da wutan lantarki da sadarwa ta wayar salula.
Ruskeala Mountain Park (Marmara Canyon)
Tushen wannan hadadden yawon shakatawa a yankin Sortavala na Karelia tsoffin rumbunan marmara ne. An yi amfani da tonon da ke nan don murkushe manyan gidajen sarauta da kuma cocin na St. Petersburg da sauran biranen Rasha. Yanzu waɗannan rukunin abubuwan sun zama kwanukan marmara wanda aka yi da mutane cike da tsarkakakken ruwa kuma ya yanke ta hanyar mahakar ma'amala da abubuwan da ke kama da kogon ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa da manyan abubuwa.
Filin tsaunin tsaunin nisan kilo mita 450 ne kuma kimanin mita 100. An sanye shi don yawon bude ido - an share hanyoyin masu wucewa, an samar da wuraren kallo, akwai filin ajiye motoci, haya. Daga cikin ruwa ne mafi kyawun ra'ayoyin duwatsun da ke kewaye da su, har zuwa tsayin mita 20, buɗe. Hakanan akan kwalekwalen zaka iya iyo a cikin wata madaidaiciyar marmara kuma zaka iya sha'awantar da ruwa mai kyau a cikin hanyoyin.
Canyon Caves
Babu ƙarami mai ban sha'awa sune ma'adanan ma'amala da haɓaka wuraren tserewa, inda zaku iya samun yawon shakatawa mai jagora. Yawancin wadannan kogunan sun ambaliya, amma sun bushe - da yawan zafin jiki na iska a farfajiya, yana jin tsananin zafin mutuwa.
Don kayan kwalliyar sa na musamman, ɗayan waɗannan sifofi ana kiransa Musical. Koyaya, mafi ban sha'awa shine Cave of Failure, a cikin rufin da aka samar da wani rami wanda yake aunawa ta hanyar mita 20 zuwa 30. Wani suna don Rashin Ginin shine Hall of the Mountain King ko Ice Cave, ya fi kyau sauka a ciki a cikin lokacin sanyi, lokacin da aka ɓoye matattarar ruwa mai tsawon mita 30 a cikin grotto a ƙarƙashin kankara. Saukad da ke gudana daga arfa sun kirkiro stalactites iri-iri mai danshi da stalagmites, kyakkyawa wanda aka haskaka ta hanyar haskakawa.
Vodlozersky National Park
A cikin Vodlozersky National Park, wanda aka ba da matsayin matsayin hanyar biosphere ta hanyar shawarar UNESCO, kowane baƙon zai iya yin lokaci bisa ga ra'ayoyin sa game da sauran. Masu sha'awar tafiye-tafiye na hankali zasu iya sauka a cikin kyawawan gidaje da ke warwatse a gabar ruwa ko rafi, kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci suna yin balagurocin jirgin ruwa a kan tsibirin Vodlozero, masu sha'awar nesa mai nisa na Vodlozero, suna shimfidawa a ƙarƙashin wani ƙaramin girgizar ƙasa. A yayin tafiya, zaku iya ziyartar ƙauyukan da ke tsibirin tare da tarihin ƙarni, inda a yau ake rayar da tsoffin al'adun mazaunan gida, kuma an sake dawo da tsohon zamanin zuwa tsoffin gidajen ibada.
Masu sha'awar ayyukan waje suna iya tafiya ta hanyoyi daban-daban don hawa da kankara, suna kuma bayar da safarar danshin kankara da kamun kifin wasanni.
Mai tsarki Iliya Vodlozero Desert Vodlozero
Ruskeale Falls (Akhvensky Waterfalls)
Kusa da ƙauyen Ruskeala, inda Kogin Tohmajoki ya kasu kashi da yawa, akwai ƙananan rijiyoyin ruwa 4. Fadowa daga dutse mai zurfi ya haifar da tsinkayen mita 3-4, wutar ruwa mai launin kvass da jita-jita.
Yankin da ke kewaye yana da kyau, akwai katako, katako, shagon kyauta. Da zarar wani lokaci a cikin wadannan wuraren an harbe finafinan "The Dawns Anan Suna Quiet", "The Dark World", yanzu ana kan Kogin Tokhmayoki, suna shawo kan magudanan ruwa, suna aiwatar da tsere a cikin kayaks (kayaks).
Kalavala National Park
An kirkiro dajin na musamman na Kalavala na kasa don adana ɗimbin gandun daji na halitta da wuri mai faɗi na al'adu, wanda ya zama yanayin da maƙasudin shahararren duniya Karelian epos Kalevala ke haɓaka.
Yanayin karkara kamar mosaic ne wanda aka kirkira daga gandun daji, fadama da tabkuna, wanda mafi girma shine Lake Lapukka, inda ake farauta da kifi tun ƙarni da yawa. Anan zaka iya ganin hayakin haya don kifin da aka girma a cikin ƙasa, burrows-baits for martens.
Wurin ajiyar bakin yana zama a cikin beyar, kuma a lokacin rani zaku iya kallon reindeer da 'ya'yansu, suna hakar hanya tare da gabar kogin.
Jiki Archipelago
Rukuni ne rukuni na kananan tsibiri 16 a cikin Tekun White, kusa da birnin Kem. Don kiyaye keɓantaccen wuri mai faɗi da bambancin flora da fauna, an ƙirƙiri wurin shakatawa na jihar Kuzova anan. Yanzu don ziyartar yawon bude ido akwai wurare na musamman akan tsibirin 3 - Jikin Rasha, Jikin Jamusawa da Chernetskiy.
Bayan kyawawan dabi'un da ke kewaye da su, tarin tsibiri yana jawo hankalin mutane da yawa daga bangarori daban-daban, wuraren adana kayan tarihi, tsoffin wuraren mutane na zamanin Mesolithic da Bronze Age, da gine-ginen addini. Tsibirin suna birge su cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa kuma har yanzu abin banmamaki ne ga masana tarihi da masana kimiya na tarihi.
Reserve "Kivach"
A kudancin Karelia akwai yankin ajiyar Kivach - mafi tsufa a Rasha. Kashi 85% na ƙasa yana mamaye gandun daji na musamman, ana hana farauta da kamun kifi a nan, amma zaku iya ɗaukar namomin kaza da berries don amfanin kanku (an hana tarin kasuwanci anan).
Sunan ajiyar sunan shine bayan saukar ruwan, wanda a ƙarni ya jawo hankalin matafiya zuwa waɗannan wurare tare da kyan gani. Lokacin da yake kusanto da saukar ruwan, zaku ga yadda ruwan Kogin Suna, yake fashewa daga cikin manyan duwatsun da yake tafe, ana jefa shi daga tsayin mita takwas tare da rafi mai ƙarfi, yana haifar da babban iska mai ƙarfi.
A yau wannan mu'ujiza ta halitta ita ce babbar jan hankalin reserve kuma tana daga cikin manyan shirye-shiryen balaguro din a Karelia.
Ruwan ruwan ya zama sanannen sanannen mawaƙin Rasha da na Karelian na farko (a waccan lokacin - Gwamna Olonets) Gavriil Derzhavin, bayan ya ziyarci wannan wurin sai ya rubuta ode, wanda ya kira "Waterfall". Ba tare da layin farko na aikin ba: “Ana zuba dutse a lu'u-lu'u,” ba bayanin kwatancen Kivach Falls da ake bayarwa a yau.
Sarki Alexander na II ya girmama ambaliyar ruwa tare da kasancewar sa. A ziyarar da ya kai Kivach ya sa a hanya.An gina gada a ƙasan Suna, a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai kyau, don baƙuwar baƙi, kuma kusa da ruwan saukar da kanta, a gefen dama, akwai gazebo da gidan masauki.
Ziyarar ambaliyar ruwa, kazalika da Gidan Tarihi da kayan tarihi na ajiyar kaya za su kashe maka rubles 150 (kyauta ne ga yara, schoolan makaranta da ɗalibai). Don yawon shakatawa dole ne ku biya ƙarin 65 rubles.
Mutane da yawa suna tsammanin cewa mafi kyawun lokacin balaguro zuwa wannan wuri da ake ajiyewa shine hunturu, don haka ma'aikatan gidan kayan gargajiya suka shirya wani shiri na musamman da ake kira "Tatsuniyoyin dajin da Aka kiyaye" don lokacin hunturu. Ya hada da wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo a sararin sama, wasannin, gasa, dawakai. Ga yara - bikin shayi tare da Santa Claus, haɗuwa tare da jarumai na tatsuniyoyi, kyautai masu kyau.
Kudin halartar wasan kwaikwayon na sa'a biyu shine 350 rubles.
Gidan shakatawa na Marcial Ruwa
Kilogram 54 daga arewacin babban birnin Karelia shine farkon zangon Rashan "ruwan Marcial". An kafa shi a farkon karni na XVIII bisa ga umarnin Bitrus I.
Ikon warkarwa na maɓallin ma'adinan glandular, wanda akan gina shi ne wurin, an san mazaunan wurin na dogon lokaci, kuma a cikin 1719 likitan likitocin kotu sun tabbatar da katun lafiyar ruwan.
Sarkin, tare da jinkirin sa, sun taho nan zuwa can neman magani. A farkon ziyarar tasa, an gina manyan gidaje uku na katako da babban gini da ɗakuna biyu dogo anan, tare da dogayen hanyoyi wanda zaku iya zuwa maɓuɓɓugan.
Daga lokutan yin juyin-juya-hali, shingen da aka gina a saman maɓuɓɓugan da ginin Cocin Peter da Paul an kiyaye su anan. A kan tushensu ne a shekarar 1946 aka kirkiro da gidan tarihi na Tarihi na farkon wurin shakatawa na '' Ruwancin Marcial ''.
Cocin manzo mai suna Peter House na mai kula da hanyoyin da gidan kayan tarihi na Marcial Waters yake
A yau, zaku iya ciyar da lokaci anan tare da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya. Filin shakatawa na zamani "Rashin Tsarke na Wuta" shine mafi girman masana'antar kiwon lafiya a arewacin Rasha, inda akwai ingantattun wuraren girke-girke, dakunan wanka na laka tare da warkad da laka na Gabozero, aikin motsa jiki da sauran sassan.
Sanatorium ya kewaye wani gandun daji, shafuka uku waɗanda suke mabambantan wurare: wuraren tsabtace dabbobin daji inda Karelian Birch ke tsiro, gandun daji mai tsayi da gandun dazuka tare da manyan bishiyoyi na Linden.
Aiki mai nisa a Karelia
Nasuwancin Karelia wata aljanna ce ga matafiya da suke son farinciki kuma suna neman sanin juna da duniyar ba a sani ba, haka kuma masunta, mafarauta da masu sha'awar wasannin motsa jiki wadanda ke zuwa nan daga dukkan yankuna na Russia da makwabta na arewacin.
A sabis na matsanancin mutane da kuma masu yawon bude ido waɗanda suka fi son ayyukan waje - abubuwan hawa da kwale-kwale, ATVs, kekunan ƙetaren titi, dusar kankara, jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu. Hanyoyi masu rafukan kogi, hawa dawakai, hanyoyin kankara, kankara, filin zane da manyan filaye don farautar dabbobin daji.
Unguwar Onega, skatsiya na Ladoga, Sandal, Segozero, tafkunan Keret - hanyoyin ruwan da ke bi ta hanyoyin ruwan yawon bude ido da ke tafiya da kayakin ruwa, kwale-kwale, kwale-kwale, yachts.
Wani kasada mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa - rafkewa a koguna na Karelia. Touristsan yawon shakatawa masu sha'awar yin yawon shakatawa akan catamarans, kayaks, rafts - inflatable small rafts. Ana ba masu farawa sauki, gajerun hanyoyi (awanni 3-5), yawanci a gefen Kogin Shuya, tare da cin nasara rapids mai ƙare wanda ke ƙare tare da "yaƙin gram 100". Wannan matsanancin nishaɗin zai biya ku akalla 3,100 rubles.
Ziyaran Jeep a Karelia
Don hanya mafi rikitarwa da tsayi (daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 7), wanda ya haɗa da shawo kan adadin adadin rapids da magudanan ruwa, zaku biya daga 7000 rubles.
Yin tsere a kan koguna na Karelia
Ftarasowa a gefen kogunan Umba da Keret tare da samun damar shiga Tekun Bahar Maliya, a lokacin da zaku iya sha'awar sauya shimfidar wurare har ma da kama kifi a cikin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin shawo kan matsalar, zai buƙaci ku raba tare da adadin 10,000 rubles ko fiye.
Hanyoyi mafi kyawun kekuna sun ratsa tekun Onega da Ladoga, a cikin Ladoga, Kudu da tsakiyar Karelia.
Lokacin hunturu shine lokacin tsalle-tsalle da safarar dusar kankara, waɗanda ke ba da damar ziyartar wuraren gani da ido na Karelia, misali, a cikin Zaonezhie, kuma mafi mahimmanci - don samun cikakken jin daɗin kyawawan kyawawan abubuwan dusar ƙanƙara na Karelian.
Yawancin hanyoyi ana shirya su ta hanyar da mutum mai matsakaicin horo na jiki zai iya wucewa ta su: an samar da maki don tsaiwar tsayawa a nan, inda za ku huta ku ci. Idan kun yi tafiya mai nisa, koyaushe za ku sami damar kasancewa a ɗayan wuraren shakatawa ko kuma a cikin gidajen baƙi waɗanda ke gefen hanyarku.
A cikin hunturu, Karelia kuma tana jan hankalin masu sha'awar wasannin motsa jiki.
Daga cikin tafiye-tafiye masu kayatarwa a lokacin hunturu akwai safarar dusar kankara a kan daskararren dusar kankara a cikin layukan Karelian.
Wannan jigilar hawa guda ɗaya wacce ta shawo kan shingen dusar ƙanƙara zata kai ku ɗaya daga cikin sanannun tsibiran na Karelia - Kizhi tsibirin. Yankin dusar kankara na kwana biyu daga Petrozavodsk zuwa Kizhi tare da dare daya a otal zai biya daga 26,400 rubles.
Karelian abinci
Tun daga tarihi, Karelians suna ɗaukar kifin abincin da aka fi girmamawa. Mafi mashahuri shine kifin lake, wanda a cikin Karelia ke hawa steamed, soyayyen, gishiri, bushe, bushe har ma da sabo. Na farko, an shirya darussan na biyu daga gare ta, an ƙara saladi.
Abinda aka fi girmamawa na Karelia shine kunne, wanda ya kamata ku gwada. A nan ana kiranta "Kalaruokka". Ba za ku iya ƙidaya girke-girke don shiri ba, amma galibi ana dafa miyan kifi daga farin kifi, ƙara madara, cream, man shanu a ciki.
Stew na gargajiya, wanda aka dafa akan naman farin kifi, a cikin jerin abinci shine ake kira "Calakeitto". Kifin ja (kifin) miya kifi wani zaɓi ne na feshin, ana kiran shi “Lohikeitto” kuma shahararren duniya ne. Wannan tasa, saboda ƙari na cream, yana da kyakkyawan kyakkyawan dandano mai ban sha'awa kuma ba shi da ƙanshin kifi. A cikin gidan cin abinci mai kyau, wannan maganin zai kashe kusan 800 rubles.
Yawancin Karelian ana cin abinci don karin kumallo, abincin rana da abincin dare, amma batun manyan jita-jita a nan ba mai girma bane. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu - samfurori daga hatsin rai da alkama gari, dankali da kowane irin hatsi. Kwalabar pancakes da faslas na kwanon abinci marar yisti ana amfani da shi tare da baranda, dankali, masara, daɗin daɗin daɗin da man shanu.
Pies tare da hatsi da kayan kifi suna da mashahuri sosai a Karelia, kullu mai sabo wanda aka sanya shi daga hatsin hatsin.
An shirya jita-jita masu dadi a nan daga naman dabbobin daji - deer, Elk, bear da kayayyakin daji - namomin kaza, berries. Tabbatar gwada ɗanyen 'ya'yan itace Berry na gida, kvass, giya masu dadi. Yakamata yakamata ku kula da kanku da zumar Karelian mai ƙanshi.
Mafi kyawun gidan abinci a Jamhuriyar Karelia, wanda ke ba da jita-jita na ƙasa, shine Karelian Chamber, wanda ke tsakiyar Petrozavodsk. Da yawa ma suna kiranta birni ne.
A cikin kusurwa masu nisa na Karelia, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙananan gidajen cin abinci suna cikin sabis na masu yawon bude ido, inda, duk da haka, kamar yadda a kowane yanki na yawon shakatawa, an gabatar da abinci na ƙasa: na gida, Turai ta gargajiya, Rashanci, Italiyanci, Gabashin, Mexico, abinci mai sauri. Farashin dogaro ya dogara da aji na ma'aikata da kuma zaɓin jita-jita, abincin rana ko abincin dare wanda zai ci daga 500 zuwa 3000 rubles.
Inda zan tsaya
Rayuwa a Karelia yana da nasa abubuwan. Za'a iya samun manyan otal a babban birnin. A nan 'yan kasuwa da yawon bude ido sun tsaya, wadanda suka zabi Petrozavodsk a matsayin tushe, kuma daga nan suke zuwa yawon shakatawa. Akwai manyan otal a inda dole ne ku biya dubun dubun rubles kowace rana, amma zaku iya samun otal mai rahusa - kusan 2000 rubles kowace rana, ko zaɓi ɗayan motels - kusan 1000 rubles kowace rana.
Otal din Otal na Otel a cikin Petrozavodsk Hotel North
Ainihin, yawon bude ido sun gwammace su zauna a cikin wuraren yawon shakatawa da ake a yanayi. A matsayin ranar hutu mafi tsayi, zaku iya zabar rukunin zangon da ke tsaye kai tsaye kan yankin wuraren shakatawa ko kuma abubuwan tarihi. Kuma babban zaɓi na kasafin kuɗi a cikin Karelia shine ciyar da dare a cikin tantuna a wuraren da aka keɓe musamman don irin wannan hutu.
Gabaɗaya, wuraren yawon shakatawa suna da kewayon farashi mai yawa daga aji na tattalin arziki zuwa na alatu.
Kauyen Aleksandrovka shine cibiyar nishaɗi ta zamani
Daya daga cikin manyan rukunin gidajen otel a Karelia yana cikin ƙauyen Aleksandrovka (kilomita 50 daga Petrozavodsk) kuma yana bakin tekun Petrozere. Babu nesa da shi akwai jan hankali biyu - Kivach Nature Reserve da wurin shakatawa na Markis. Ginin ya hada da otal da otal da dama. Kudin rayuwa a cikin ɗakunan otal mai nishaɗi shine 2500 rubles kowace rana (na biyu). Kwana ɗaya a cikin ɗakin shakatawa zai ci 6400 rubles. (na hudu).
Filin yawon bude ido "Cordon Cordon" yana jan hankalin matafiya tare da inda take a bakin Kogin Ladoga. Anan za ku iya kasancewa a cikin gida biyu na gado, wanda aka kasu kashi biyu "tattalin arziki" (daga 1500 rubles a kowane mutum / rana) da "alatu" (daga 2000 rubles a kowane mutum / rana).
Wurin aljanna inda zaku ji cikakken haɗin kai tare da yanayin Karelia ana kiranta da zangon Kanapelka, wanda yake a gefen tekun Rasinselka Strait. Tana ba da kayan kamun kifi masu yawon shakatawa, gidan wanka, jirgin ruwa, tashar wuta da aka tanada tare da duk abin da ya cancanta. Kuna iya ɗaukar berries da namomin kaza kai tsaye a kan yankin, kuma za a ciyar da ku anan tare da samfurori daga gonarku na lafiyayyen daji. Kudin rayuwa a cikin ɗakin kwanciyar hankali yana daga 6,000 zuwa 9,000 rubles kowace rana.
Kwanan nan, abubuwan da ake kira gonaki sun shahara. Ofayansu shine Karelian gona, wanda galibi ana kiran maza maza. Masu kamun kifi suna son zama a nan. Dukkanin yanayi an kirkiresu domin su, kuma wurin da kansa yana cikin dajin Pine a bakin gabar kogin Syapsi, ba nesa da babban tafki - Syamozero. Yana ba da baƙi - gidaje na baƙi tare da duk abubuwan more rayuwa da filin ajiye motoci masu zaman kansu. Kudin rayuwa shine daga 3000 rubles / rana.
Karelia - ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan yankuna na Rasha, ƙasar gandun daji na Taiga, tafkuna da kuma tsofaffin bukkoki Karelia - ƙasar da ba a taɓa gani ba
Yadda ake zuwa can
Babban filin jirgin saman Karelia yana da nisan mil 12 daga Petrozavodsk kuma ana kiranta da sunan gari (tsohon sunan shine Besovets). Yana ɗaukar jirage daga garuruwa daban-daban na Rasha da ƙasashen waje. Kudin jirgin sama akan hanyar Moscow - Petrozavodsk yana farawa daga 3,600 rubles, lokacin tafiya shine 1 awa 30 minti - awa 1 45 mintuna. Filin jirgin sama ya yarda da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu, kuma filayen aiki a kananan garuruwa na Karelia su ma an shirya su.
Hanyar layin dogo ta ratsa yankin Karelia daga kudu zuwa arewa. Jiragen ƙasa daga St. Petersburg zuwa Petrozavodsk suna bin Karelian Isthmus da kuma tashoshin Arewacin Ladoga. Jirgin kasa St. Petersburg - Kostomuksha zai sadar da ku zuwa yammacin jamhuriya.
A Karelia, zirga-zirgar ababen hawa suna da haɓaka. Akwai hanyoyi zuwa St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Vologda da sauran biranen.
Babban titin da ya ratsa yankin Karelia shine babbar hanyar M18 ta St. Petersburg - Murmansk. Hanyar titin na da kyakkyawar inshora, amma manyann hanyoyin na yau da kullun suna wakiltar mai lalacewa.
Flora na Karelia
Siffofin Karelian flora sune saboda, da farko, zuwa yanki na jamhuriyar. Babban bangare na tsiron duniya an kafa shi ne a cikin bayan haihuwa. Tsarin tsire-tsire na yanayin tundra yana girma a cikin yankuna na arewacin da kuma a kan tsaunukan tsaunuka: mosses, lichens, dwarf spruce da Birch.
Amma mafi yawan jumhuriya tana mamaye dazuzzuka masu ban sha'awa. A kusa da arewa akwai gandun daji na Pine. Aƙalla a cikin yankin Segozero, akwai iyaka tsakanin dazuzzukan arewa da tsakiyar taiga.Anan ne za a fara daga tsirikewar daji, inda gurnati da kansar suka girma hade. Kusa da iyakar Kudancin Karelia, mafi tsaunukan daji da ke rarrabuɗe da waɗanda aka cakuda.
Daga cikin conifers, spruce da pine na yau da kullun sune mafi yawan gama gari. A yamma, ana samun wadatattun pines na Finnish. A cikin gandun daji na gauraye, Birch, alder, Aspen, Linden, Elm da Maple girma.
Tiasan ƙaramin gandun daji ya ƙunshi tsirrai da yawa. Inda bishiran bishiyoyi sun girma, babu yan itace kadan. Kusa da zuwa kudu, lokacin da ake samun lingonberries da kabeji, shudi da shudiya, gandun daji da kuma duniyar dunkule.
Kusa da tafkunan, ƙasa an rufe shi da mosses launin toka da lichens. Abu ne mai sauki ka samu Heather da moss a nan.
Kuma gandun daji Karelian masarautar masara ce. Mafi yawan tattara boletus da boletus. A yankuna na kudanci, galibi ana samun namomin kaza, barkono, namomin kaza da chanterelles.
Duniyar dabba ta Karelia
Fauna na Karelia yana da wadatar abubuwa da yawa. Dukkanin dabbobin da al'ada ke rayuwa a cikin taiga ana samunsu a nan. Amma sahihancin Karelian Republic shine cewa akwai sauran wuraren ajiyar ruwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai ƙarin wakilan wakilan Tekun Arewa na masarautar dabbobi fiye da kowane ɓangaren Rasha.
Daga cikin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin gandun daji Karelian zaka iya samun lynx, bear brown, wolf da badger. Yawancin kurege da ake yiwa lakabi da hares sun zama abin farauta ga mafarautan yankin. Mai yawa beavers da squirrels. Muskrats, otters, martens da minks na Turai sun zaɓi koguna da tabkuna. Kuma a cikin Tekun White da Lake Onega sami seals.
Fauna na yankunan kudanci ya ɗan bambanta da na arewa. Mose da boars daji, karnukan rakoni da mink na Kanada suna zaune a kudu.
Duniyar tsuntsaye ma daban ce. Mafi kyawun wakilci shine gidan passerines. A arewaci akwai wasan sama da yawa: girkin katako, baƙar fata, ƙyallen hazel da fararen kaya. Daga cikin tsuntsayen da suka farauto, masu shaho, manyan mujiyoyi, gaggafa na gwal da kuma wata-wata sun cancanci a lura dasu.
Karelia na ruwa shine alfahari. Ducks da loons suna zaune a kan tabkuna, kuma ciyayi da gaggafa, waɗanda ake darajarsu don ƙasƙantar da su, sun zaɓi bakin tekun. Kuma manyan mayaƙa sun zauna a cikin fadama.
Za a iya raba kifin Karelian bisa ga ka'ida kashi uku:
• ƙaura (farin kifi, kifi, kifi, kifi),
• tafki da kogi (Pike, roach, perch, burbot, ruff, in the south - zander, grayling and trout trout),
• da kuma ruwa (herring, kwandon kuma daskarewa).
Yawan ruwan jikin ya haifar da yawan dabbobi masu ruwa da kwari. Daga cikin macizai da ake samu a Karelia, mafi haɗari shi ne ƙawancin talakawa. Kuma daga ƙarshen Mayu har zuwa farkon Satumba, tafiya a cikin daji da kuma kayan kwalliya suna cike da girgije na sauro, dawakai da kuma tsakiyar gado. A wajen kudu, a hanya, tsintsaye suna da haɗari babba, musamman a watan Mayu-Yuni.
Tsirrai da dabbobi na Karelia
Jirgin ruwa na Karelia ya samo asali kwanan nan - akasari bayan dusar kankara ta janye daga danshi. Hakan ya faru kimanin shekaru 10 - 15 da suka wuce. Lokacin da ruwan tekun Baltic-White Sea ya koma baya, a hankali wakilan theungiyar tsire-tsire suka fara mamaye yanayin Karelia. Waɗannan yawancin tsire-tsire na tundra da daji-tundra.
Biyo bayan cigaban murfin ciyawar a matsayin tushen abinci, dabbobi, tsuntsaye da kwari sun bayyana a Karelia. Mafi yawa waɗannan nau'ikan halittu ne daga Arctic. A adadi mai yawa, zaku iya haɗuwa da wakilan ruwa, tekuna da fadama: tabar wiwi, loons, geese, ducks, partridges, reindeers, lemmings, foctic arctic da sauran su.
A halin yanzu, yanayin Karelia yana alfahari da kasancewar
sama da nau'in 370 na vertebrates kadai. Daga cikin waɗannan, dabbobi masu shayarwa sun haɗu da jinsuna 63, tsuntsaye - 252, dabbobi masu rarrafe - 5, amphibians - 5, kifi - nau'in 53.
Sakamakon yanki da sauyin yanayi, dabbobin Karelia galibi wakilcin gandun daji ne. A cikin dabbobin wannan yankin, kwarewar karbuwa ga yanayin muhalli daban-daban ana bayyane bayyane. Wasu nau'ikan sune ƙasa (Wolves, mose, hares ...), wasu a ƙasa (moles), huhun na uku (squirrels).Hakanan akwai wasu dabbobi da yawa da ke jagorantar wasan rabin ruwa (muskrat, mink) da rayuwa mai ruwa (hatimi, zirin teku).
Dutsen Karelian.
4 mu'ujizai na yanayin Karelia
Kivach waterfall - daya daga cikin shahararrun abubuwan jan hankali na Karelia. Yawon bude ido koyaushe suna ziyartar wannan wurin don ganin ruwan ambaliya mai ban sha'awa kuma suna jin sautinsa mai ban sha'awa. A kewaye ruwan farfajiyar shine Kivach Nature Reserve, don haka zaka iya more yanayin kyakkyawan budurwa. Labarin Karelian game da asalin Kivach ya ce da zarar akwai koguna 'yar'uwa biyu - Suna da Shuya. Kullum ba za a iya rarrabe su ba, amma da zarar sun gaji, Suna ta ba 'yar uwarta barci kuma tayi bacci. Tashi, sai ta gano cewa Shuya ta riga ta yi nisa, don haka Suna ta ruga da bin 'yar uwarta. Ruwayar Kivach ta faru ne a wadancan wuraren da Suna suka lalata duwatsun.
Kivach waterfall.
Shuya Rocks - Wannan kyakkyawan wuri ne ga masu sha'awar waje! Dutkara Shuya sun shahara sosai tsakanin masu hawa hawa daban daban. Bugu da kari, an san wurin nan saboda yanayinsa mai annashuwa! Hanya zuwa kan dutse ta ratsa daji mai kyau. Tafiya akan hanya, zaka iya ganin alamu masu yawa da kuma wuraren da mahauta ke hutawa. An shirya wannan wurin sosai don yawon bude ido. Idan kuna da sha'awar tafiye-tafiye daji, iska mai tsayi, yanayi mai ban sha'awa da wasanni masu motsa jiki, tsawan Shuya zai zama babban zaɓi a gare ku!
Dutsen Sampo. Dangane da labarin asirin Karelian-Finnish, Sampo abu ne mai sihiri wanda yake ba mutane farin ciki. A duniya shahararren almara "Kalevala" Sampo an gabatar da shi azaman daddawa da ke samar da burodi, zinariya da gishiri kamar yadda ya ishe mutane duka. An samo sunan Dutsen Sampo bayan wannan dutsen dutsen. Ta sami wannan suna ne a cikin shekarun 1960, lokacin da aka harbe fim din Soviet-Finnish ta Sampo a kan dutsen. A nan za ku iya ganin shimfidar wuri mai ban mamaki da gaske: gandun daji mai ban sha'awa da Kogin Konchozero, wanda ya dace da masunta. Dutsen Sampo yana da kyau musamman a bazara lokacin da furannin fure na kwari.
Kwarin Hare. Sergey Gapanovich, marubucin wannan aikin, ya yi shekaru da yawa suna zanen dutse. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ya zo da wani sabon abu wanda ba a saba da shi ba don kayan fasaha wanda ba shi da analogues a duniya. Yana neman ya kashe hares dubu a cikin wani dutse kusa da babbar hanyar Kola. Kowa na iya zaɓan zomo na dutse ya zama mai shi, yana barin alama ta har abada a cikin al'adar Karelian. Sergey ya kira wannan aikin "Petroglyphs na karni na 21". Ya gamsu da cewa kwarin Zomaye zai zama abun al'adun al'adun Karelia da Rasha.
Kwarin Hares.
Kamar yadda kake gani, yanayin Karelia yana da dumbin yawa don bawa yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya, ba tare da yin la’akari da abin da suka fi so ba - hutu mai annashuwa, wasannin motsa jiki, tatsuniyoyi da al'adun ƙasa ko kuma sabon abu na zamani. Kuna iya tabbata cewa ziyartar Karelia zai zama rayuwar rayuwar da ba za a taɓa mantawa da ita ba!
Girvas Volcano Crater
A wani karamin kauyen Girvas na yankin Kondopoga na Karelia, akwai mafi tsufa wanda ya tsira daga dutsen mai wuta a duniya, shekarunta sunkai kimanin biliyan biliyan 2.5.
A baya can, kogin suna cike da ruwa suna gudana a nan, amma bayan gina madatsar ruwa ta tashar wutar lantarki, sai da aka turo da tashar ta, an kuma bullo da ruwan ta wata hanyar daban, kuma yanzu an fara kwararar kwararar kogin cikin fili. Dutsen da dutsen mai fitad da wuta kansa ba ya yin sama da ƙasa, amma baƙin ciki ne da ke cike da ruwa.
Kivach waterfall
Fassara daga Finnish, sunan ruwan ruwan yana nufin "mai iko", "mai sauri". Tana cikin Kogin Suna kuma ita ce ta huɗu mafi girma a gabar ruwan Turai. Kivach ya ƙunshi rapids huɗu tare da cikakken tsayin mita 10.7, wanda digo na ruwa mai zurfin mita 8.
Sakamakon gina tashar samar da ruwa a wannan yanki, yawan ruwa mai gudana ya faru, wanda da kadan ya rage kwarjin ruwan. Mafi kyawun lokacin don ziyartar wannan abin jan hankali shine lokacin bazara, lokacin da Rana take samun ƙarfi, ana cin ruwan sanyi.A shekara ta 1931, an kirkiresar da Yanayin Jihohin Kivach a kewayen ruwa.
Kwarin Kura Waterfall (Yukankoski)
Wannan magudanan ruwa, da ke bakin Kogin Kulismayoki a yankin Pitkäranta na jamhuriyya, ya kasance ɗayan mafi girma da kyawu a cikin Karelia kuma ya kai nisan mita 18. A lokacin rani, ruwan da yake cikin kogin yana daɗaɗɗa da kyau, wanda zai baka damar yin iyo a ciki kuma ka tsaya ƙarƙashin raƙuman ruwa.
A shekara ta 1999, a yankin da ke kusa da magudanan ruwa, an kafa abin tunawa da keɓaɓɓiyar tashar samar da ruwa ta White Bridges, yankin da ya kai kadada 87.9. Saboda wurin da yake cikin gandun daji, nesa da babbar hanya, Yukankoski ba ya shahara sosai da matafiya.
Tsibirin kyawawan ruhohi
Wannan tsibirin, wanda yake a bakin Kogin Raven, ba a yiwa alamarsa a kowane taswirar ƙasa, wanda galibi ana kiran shi Karelian Shambhala. Kuna iya samun ruwa yayin rafkewa a kan Kogin Okhta kuma kuna amfani da tukwicin jagororin.
Wurin ya kasance wurin dogaro ga matafiyi kuma ya shahara saboda wuraren ajiye motoci masu kyau, kyakkyawan kamun kifi da kewaye. Koyaya, abin da ya fi jan hankalin mutane shi ne yalwar fasahar katako a tsibirin - ainihin gidan kayan gargajiya wanda yawon bude ido ya kirkira. Wasu samfuran an ƙaddamar da su shekaru 70 na karni na ƙarshe. Dangane da almara, wannan wurin yana cike da ruhohin da ke kiyaye tsibirin kuma suna zaune kowane gwanaye, suna masu sa'a ga wanda ya ƙera shi.
Tsibirin Solovetsky
Wannan tsibiri, wanda ya ƙunshi tsibirai sama da 100, ya mamaye murabba'in kilomita 347 kuma shine mafi girma a Tekun Fasha. An samo shi a ƙofar zuwa Onega Bay kuma an haɗa shi a cikin yanki na kiyayewa na musamman.
Anan ne gidan Ibada na Solovetsky tare da majami'u da yawa, Gidan Maritime, filin jirgin sama, Lambunan Botanical, tsoffin labyrinths na dutse da kuma tsarin tashoshi ta hanyar da zaku iya bi ta jirgin ruwa.
A kusa da Cape Beluga suna zaune a cikin Tekun Fasha Beluga - farin kifi Whale. Kyakkyawan yanayi da ɗimbin tarihi da kayan tarihi suna jawo ƙungiyoyin balaguro zuwa waɗannan wuraren.
Harshen ruwan Lake
Wannan jikin ruwa yana cikin tsakiyar Jamhuriyar Karelia, kuma yana da asali mai ma'ana - an kirkiro tafkin ne sakamakon fashewar ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa, wanda a bayyane yake yake alama da sihirinsa. An fassara sunan tafkin a matsayin "mafi tsawo" - wanda yake hawa zuwa fadin mita 200, fadada shi ya kai kilomita 5 a tsayi. A wasu wurare, zurfin ya wuce mita 200.
A gefen arewacin tafki akwai wurare don filin ajiye motoci, wuraren da suka dace don kamun kifi da kuma buɗe jiragen ruwa. Lokacin da zazzagewa kudu, rafukan zai zama mafi girma, suna samar da kwazazzabo mai cike da tsaunuka wanda ya kai tsawan mita 100 sama da ruwa. Yanayin budurwa, yin shuru da kuma rashin ƙauyukan kusa suna sanya wannan wurin musamman ƙaunar masoyan zaman aure.
Yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa
Yanayin a Karelia ya bambanta daga ruwan teku zuwa ƙasashen duniya. A cikin hunturu, ana lura da yanayin sanyi da ɗumbin dusar ƙanƙara. Hutun bazara ne, rigar, amma ba zafi ba. A lokacin rani, zafi na faruwa ne kawai a kudanci daga jamhuriya har tsawon kwanaki.
Rashin daidaiton hasken rana a lokacin hunturu ya faru ne saboda dare a cikin yankuna na arewa da kuma ƙarancin hasken rana sama da sararin samaniya a cikin sassan tsakiya da kudanci. A lokacin bazara da bazara, awanni hasken rana a arewa na tsawan yini guda (lokacin “fararen dare” ya zo), kuma a kudu ranar ta kai awanni 19 zuwa 20.
Yanayin yanayi yana tasiri sosai ta kusancin zuwa Arctic Ocean da Atlantika. Yanayin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, akwai canje-canje masu kauri a yanayin.
Hoto 1. Yanayin garin Karelian na gari. Author24 - musayar kan layi na ayyukan ɗalibai
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a cikin jamhuriya daga 0 zuwa +3 ºС. Matsakaicin matsakaici a cikin hunturu shine 12ºС, kuma a lokacin rani + 17ºС. Lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi a arewa maso yamma kwanaki 80-90 ne, kuma a yankuna Ladoga da Prionezhie kwanaki 120-130 ne.
A duk shekara, ana lura da mahimmancin girgije da kuma adadin hazo. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya tashi daga 450-550 mm (arewa) zuwa 600-700 mm (kudu). Yankewa yana gudana a lokacin bazara kuma yawancin lokaci hadari ne.
Tsarin ƙasa yana da tasiri sosai game da yanayin ,an Adam, yanayin yanayi, da dalilai na abubuwan halitta. Formationasa ƙasa ta faru a cikin yanayin sanyi, gumi a ƙarƙashin gandun daji.
An rarrabe yankuna ƙasa guda biyu a Karelia (iyakar da ke tsakaninsu kusan kusan ta zo daidai da iyakar arewa-taiga da tsakiyar tsiro-tsiren gandun daji-)
- Yankin Arewa. Dalili na ƙasa yana wakilta ta hanyar adon ƙasa, mai laushi a cikin kayan aikin injiniya da iri-iri. Zarancin matsakaici-matsakaici podzols ya fifita. Wamasarar ruwa-podzolic da atasa-peat-ƙasa suna yaɗu.
- Kudancin subzone. Ana kafa ƙasa mai hade da kayan masarufi daban-daban akan adibas na moraine - daga sands zuwa clays (yashi da yashi, ƙaramin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da sararin samaniya). A ƙananan sassan ƙasa, ƙasa na samuwar bogi suna yaɗu: peat-podzolic, gley-podzolic, peat-bog, peat-podzolic-gley.
Tekun Fasha
Wannan tekun da ke cikin teku, wanda yake a arewacin yankin Turai na Rasha, mallakar tsibirin ne na Arctic kuma yana da yanki mai nisan kilomita 90. Saboda ruwan sanyi ko da cikin lokacin sanyi (har zuwa digiri 20), babu yawan yawon shakatawa da yawa a Tekun Fasha, kuma yanayi a wurare da yawa ya kankama.
Kwayayen fure da namomin kaza suna girma sosai a tsibirin bakin tekun, a cikin ruwa zaku iya ganin jellyfish, kifi, like da belugas. Abun da ake gani ne na musamman shine teabed bayan ƙarancin ruwa - yana cike da nau'o'in halittu masu rai.
Albarkatun ƙasa
Muhimman abubuwan albarkatu na Karelia sun haɗa da:
Albarkatun ruwa. Ruwan saman ya mamaye kashi 25% na yankin. M ruwa mai zurfi na cikin tsibirin Baltic da Farin Teku. A cikin Karelia, akwai koguna dubu 27 na tsawon tsayi da tabkuna 60,000. Jimlar ruwan ruwan kusan kilomita dubu 83 kenan. Manyan kogunan sun hada da: Vodla, Vyg, Kem, Kovda, Shuya, Suna. Manyan layuka biyu sune Ladoga da Onega. Kogin Bahar Maliya - Baltic Canal ya ratsa cikin jamhuriyar. A yankuna, sama da 10 na adana ruwa na karkashin kasa na darajar sha.
Albarkatun gandun daji. Yankin daji ya fi sama da kashi 49% na ɗaukacin yankin jumhuriyar. Babban nau'in itace shine spruce da Pine. An rarraba filayen gandun daji zuwa nishaɗi da kariya. A cikin gandun daji na ɓangaren Turai-Ural na taiga, itace yana da inganci.
Albarkatun ma'adanai da albarkatun ƙasa. A cikin hankulan jamhuriyar sun gano ma'adinai daban daban 50. Kimanin fannoni 400 daban daban suka bunkasa. Daga cikin ma'adanai da aka samo: iron iron, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, lu'u-lu'u, karafa mai daraja, apatite-carbonate ores, mica, yumbu mai albarkatun kasa (spar, pegmatites), alkaline amphibole asbestos, kayan gini (marbles, granites, diabases). Kimanin adadi na peat 400 aka haɓaka.
Kayan nishadi. Kyakkyawan yanayin Karelia, yanayi mai laushi da iska mai tsabta suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban nau'ikan yawon shakatawa: wasanni, muhalli, aiki, al'adu, ilimi da karkara. Babban wuraren yawon bude ido sune arewaci. Tashoshin kogin ruwa sun shahara: Kem, Shuya, Ileksa, Pongoma, Vodla, da dai sauransu wuraren da aka ba da shawarar hutu: tabkuna Onega da Ladoga, tsibirin Kizhi, Valaam, Solovki, Kostomuksha da Kivach, Kivakkakoski, Miantukoski waterfalls, Farin gadoji, Kumi, ƙananan kogin Vyg, tsibiran Yerpin Pudas, Shoyrukshin, Big Malinin (zane-zanen dutse).
Halittu. Karelia ana girbi babban adadin cranberries, lingonberries, Cloudberries, blueberries da sauran berries a cikin Karelia a shekara. Yin sarrafa naman kaza na masana'antu yana da babbar dama. Yawancin tsire-tsire masu magani suna girma a cikin jamhuriya.
Lake Ladoga (Ladoga)
Tana cikin Karelia da Leningrad Yankin kuma shine babban tafki na ruwa a Turai - tsafin lake shine 219 kuma mafi girman nisa shine kilomita 138. Gashin tekun arewa suna da girma da kuma dutse, tare da wuraren biya masu yawa, tsibiri, manyan tsibirai da ƙananan tsibiri, tekun kudu ba shi da nisa, yana da tarin filayen dutse.
A gefen Ladoga akwai ƙauyuka da yawa, tashar jiragen ruwa da cibiyoyin nishaɗi, jiragen ruwa da yawa suna shawagi a saman ruwa. A kasan tafkin, an samo tarihin tarihi da yawa na eras daban-daban, har ila yau a yanzu wadannan wurare sun shahara tsakanin masu jan ruwa. Hakanan, al'ajibai da tsintsiya suna faruwa anan - jita-jita da ke fitowa daga tafkin, tare da tafasashshewar ruwa ko kadan na ƙasa.
Flora da fauna
Babban gandun daji na Karelia sune taiga. Itatuwan Birch akan kasa podzolic kuma suna yaduwa.
Manyan yankuna suna mamaye da peat bogs tare da tsirrai masu tsini, gami da Heather, Willow, Birch, blueberry, da dai sauransu.
Kayan itaciyar halayyar Karelia itace birgima ce mai ban tsoro, mai tonon silili a jikin akwati da itacen marmara-kamar sashi. Karelian birch yana da daraja a matsayin kayan don adon ciki, kayan don kayan fasaha da samarwa da kayan kwalliya.
Tsarin tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci suna girma a cikin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da ajiyar. Don haka a cikin wurin ajiya na Kostomukshinsky zaka iya nemo Dortman lobelia da aka jera a cikin littafin Red.
Babban fauna na Karelia shine dabbobin daji. Babban mazaunan gandun daji: squirrels da tsuntsayen daji: capercaillie, hazel grouse, black grouse. Wolves, foxes, bears kusan bace.
A cikin ajiyar yanayi da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa za ku iya samun: reindeer, moose, jan vole, daidai yatsun ƙanana da shukoki, Marten, black ferret, mink, otter, da sauransu.
Yawancin bakin teku da ruwa mai ruwa: geese, ducks, swans.
Kasan Karshe (Onego)
Wannan tafkin ana kiranta thear uwar babban Ladoga - ita ce sila ta biyu mafi girma a Turai. Onego na da tsibirai sama da 1,500 masu girma dabam dabam, dogaye da dama da tashar jiragen ruwa suna kan bankunan, kuma ana gudanar da bikin Onega Sailing Regatta duk shekara.
Ruwa a cikin tafkin yana da tsabta kuma mai tsabta godiya ga ma'adinin shungite, wanda a zahiri yana da tushe. Baya ga kifi, akwai mollusk na bivalve wanda ke girma ƙwallan lu'ulu'u na lu'u-lu'u a cikin harsashi.
Forestan daji na Taiga masu wadatar namomin kaza da berries, ƙaunar yanayin arewa, adadi mai yawa na tarihi, kayan gine-gine, da alamomin zane-zane na mutane suna jan hankalin yawon bude ido da yawa zuwa waɗannan wuraren.
Dayawan Petroglyphs
A gefen gabashin bakin tekun na Lake Onega a cikin yankin Pudozhsky na Karelia, zane-zanen kogon da aka samo asali tun daga karni na 4 zuwa 3 da suka gabata. An tattara su cikin ƙungiyoyi 24 daban-daban kuma sun rufe wani yanki mai nisan kilomita 20; fiye da rabin abubuwanda ke cikin ragin Peri Nos, Besov Nos da Kladovets.
Gaba ɗaya, kusan zane 1,100 da alamu sun zana a cikin kankara, galibi zane-zanen tsuntsaye (musamman swans), dabbobin daji, mutane, da kwale-kwale. Girman girman wasu sunadarai 4 mita.
Daga cikin sufanci mai ban mamaki akwai almara na uku "aljani, catfish (burbot) da otter (lizard)." Don kawar da wannan mugunta, kusan a cikin karni na 15, dodanni na Murom Holy Assumption Monastery sun fasa gicciyen Kirista akan hoton.
Kauyen Kinerma
Sunan wannan tsohuwar ƙauyen Karelian, wanda aka ɓace a cikin gundumar Pryazhinsky, an fassara shi da "ƙasa mai mahimmanci". Yarjejeniyar, wacce aka kafa fiye da shekaru 400 da suka gabata, tana da gidaje biyu da biyu, rabinsu sune abubuwan tarihi na gine ginen. Ginin yana a cikin da'irar, a tsakiyar wanda shine ɗakin ibada na Smolensk Uwar Allah da tsohuwar makabarta.
Kwanan nan, makomar ƙauyen na cikin tambaya, mutum 1 ne kawai ya zauna anan dindindin. Koyaya, saboda kokarin da mazaunan garin ke yi, an sami damar maido da gine-ginen, kafa rayuwa, da jawo hankalin masu yawon bude ido.Don kiyaye bayyanar tarihi, an yarda da Kinerma a matsayin hadadden kayan tarihi na kayan gini na katako na Karelian Livviks. Ta kuma lashe gasar "Mafi Kyawun Kauyen a Rasha".
Museum-Reserve "Kizhi"
Babban bangare na wannan gidan kayan gargajiya na bude sararin samaniya yana kan tsibirin Kizhi da ke cikin Lake Onega. Zuciyar taron ita ce taro na Kizhi Pogost, wanda ya ƙunshi shugaban 22 na Cocin Canza Kaya, ƙaramar Ikilisiyar Yin Addu'a da haɗin kai da haɗin kai, yanzu an haɗa hadaddun a cikin Jerin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO.
Gidan kayan gargajiya yana cike da kullun tare da ɗakunan ibada, gidaje, gumaka, abubuwan gida, gine-ginen gona da aka kawo daga garuruwan Karelian, Rashan da Veps, yana kuma gabatar da wurare da dama na tarihin Zaonezhie da Petrozavodsk.
Cocin Hasumiya
Cocin Assumption na Maryamu mai Albarka ta kasance a cikin garin Kondopoga, a bakin gabar tafkin Onega. An gina cocin ne a cikin 1774 don tunawa da magabatan da suka mutu a lokacin tawayen Kizhi (1769-1771).
Godiya ga tsayin mita 42, ya zama cocin katako mafi tsayi a cikin Karelia. An adana ciki har zuwa yau kuma yanayin sa yana bambanta da manyan gidajen ibada na zamani.
Ba a hada da ziyarar Cocin Assumption a cikin jerin hanyoyin da suka wajaba, babu wuraren shakatawa da ke yawon bude ido, amma sabbin matan suna da aure kuma mazauna garin suna yin baftisma. Zai dace a zo nan saboda kyawun da ke kewaye da shi da kuma yanayin musamman na wannan wurin.
Yanayin Karelia: yanayi
Jamhuriyar ta kasance a arewacin kusa da manyan jikkunan ruwa (Barents Sea, White Sea, Baltic Sea). Irin wannan unguwa ta ceci Karelia daga canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki, yana mai da sauyin yanayi a yankin, kuma yana baiwa jamhuriya isasshen ruwan sama a shekara. Lokacin sanyi ba shi da tsananin sanyi, kuma lokacin bazara yana da zafi. A lokaci guda, ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi cewa yanayin yanayin yana da faɗi. Yanayin yakan canza sau dayawa. Ko da babu wata gajimare a sararin sama da safe kuma rana ta haskaka da haske, wannan baya nuna cewa bayan awa uku ko hudu ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ba zai fara ba.
Yanayin Karelia: tsirrai da dabbobi
Yanayin daji masu kyau suna girma a yawancin jamhuriyar. Pine ya ci nasara a arewacin Karelia, kuma gandun daji na tsiro a cikin kudu. Hakanan, bishiyoyi masu lalacewa suna fitowa daga kudu. Babban wakilan: elm, Birch, ash, linden. Daga cikin duk wakilan dutsen Karelia, Karelian birch ta mamaye wurin mai daraja. Ta sami karɓuwa ta sanannun godiya ga dogayen itace, wanda aka bambanta shi da wani sabon salo. Kamar yadda kuka sani, babu zoben shekara-shekara akan itacen da aka sare. Ana shirya igiyoyin katako ba da izini ba don samar da tsari na musamman. Abubuwan da aka samo daga Karelian Birch sun kasance masu godiya ga sarakuna da talakawa.
Ana samun shinge a cikin Karelia a yankuna masu yankuna masu yashi, da kuma a cikin ɓatattun wurare da tsaunuka. Abin mamaki ne cewa irin waɗannan manyan bishiyoyi zasu iya girma kusan akan duwatsun, kuma asalinsu suna kewaye da kabkoki a duk bangarorin. Madadinsu shi ne lasisi, wanda aka cika shi da manyan tsauni. Dangane da labarun mazaunan yankin, yana cikin irin bishiyun bishiyun da namomin kaza da yawa masu girma. Spruce itatuwa da yawa suna girma a gefen bankunan koguna. A cikin sharuddan adadi, sune tsari na girman girman ƙasa da pines.
Wani fasalin shimfidar wurare na Karelian shine fadama ruwa. Sun mamaye kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na yankin. Duniyar tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire.
Wakilan duniyar dabba ta Karelia sune bears, lynxes, Wolves, hares, squirrels. Duk wadanda suke rayuwa a cikin taiga. Idan ka gangara zuwa kudu na jamhuriyya, to kuwa boars daji, masi, karnukan karnukan rago za su kasance tare da su. A cikin yankin Karelian akwai tabkuna da koguna da yawa, waɗanda dabbobi daban-daban suke rayuwa. Ina son musamman mu haskaka da haɓakar da ke rayuwa kawai a kan tafkin Ladoga - tambarin zoben Ladoga. Abin takaici, saboda farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba, ana rage adadin mutane na wata dabba mai rauni kowace shekara.Akwai kifaye da yawa a cikin koguna da tafkuna na jumhuriyar: daga roach zuwa trout da flounder (a teku). Hakanan, dazuzzukan kurmi da fadama na jumhuriya suna da yawa a cikin ƙwaƙƙwaran kwari. Wannan shi ne yanayin matsananci amma kyakkyawa yanayin Karelia.
Sauyin yanayi a Karelia
Yawancin Karelia suna cikin yankin yanayi mai tsauri tare da abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa. Hunturu, kodayake yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, amma tsananin sanyi ba sa nan. Masu cin nasara ba su da yawa masu laushi tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa. Lokacin bazara, tare da dukkanin kyawawan kayanta a cikin nau'i na narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, bishiyoyin furanni da karuwa a cikin sa'o'in hasken rana, yana faruwa ne kawai a tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Amma har zuwa ƙarshen watan Mayu, da yiwuwar dawowar dusar ƙanƙara ta rage.
Lokacin rani a Karelia gajere ne kuma mai sanyi. A mafi yawan yankuna, hakika yanayin bazara yakan fara ne kawai daga tsakiyar watan Yuli. Zazzabi da wuya ya tashi sama da + 20ºC. Amma tuni a ƙarshen watan Agusta an ji yanayin yanayin kaka: yanayin sama, ruwan sama mai yawa da iska mai sanyi.
Yanayin yanayin da ba a iya tsayawa ba kuma ba a iya tsinkaye shi ba a tekun teku da kuma a cikin yankin Ladoga da Onega tabkuna. Yawancin keke mai zuwa daga yamma. Yanayin yana yawan girgije, tare da kullun iska da ruwan sama mai yawa. A gefen tekun Fasha, an lura da mafi girman girgije a cikin duk jamhuriyar.
Tabkuna, koguna da magudan ruwa
Ba abin mamaki ba da sunan na biyu na jamhuriyya. A kan iyakar ƙasar Karelia, akwai tabkuna sama da dubu 60. Wannan shi ne abin da ake kira gado daga zamanin kankara. Hankali mai kyau na yawan jama'ar yankin zuwa wuraren ragunan ya sa ya yiwu a adana har yanzu kusan tsabtattun tsarkakan tafkuna. Ana lura da tafkunan Onega da Ladoga a matsayin manyan tafkuna na ruwa a Turai.
Har ila yau, jamhuriya ta mamaye koguna. Akwai kusan 27,000 daga cikinsu a cikin yankin. Yawancin koguna ba su da tsawo kuma iyakance zuwa kilomita 10. Amma a cikin jamhuriyar akwai koguna masu tsayi sama da kilomita 100. Wadanda suka fi dadewa sune Suna, Shuya, Vyg, Olonka, Kem.
Akwai rijiyoyin ruwa sama da 100 a Karelia. Mafi shahararren shine ruwan Kivach. Dubun-dubatar masu yawon bude ido suna zuwa don jin daɗin kyawun halitta. Hatta babban mawaƙi Derzhavin G.R. ya kama kyau na rashin zuwa ruwa a cikin ayar. Wakilan dangin Romanov sun zo nan don jin daɗin kyan gani da sauti na faɗuwar ruwa.
Volcano Girvas
Ana kewaye da dazuzzuka, nesa ba kusa da Kogin Suna ba, akwai wani abin tunawa da ƙasa - Girvas Volcano. Yanzu an kare, amma shekaru biliyan uku da suka gabata, kwararar lawa ta tashi daga iska. Masanan ilmin kimiya na farko sun hango shi ne kawai a tsakiyar karni na karshe yayin aikin tashar wutar lantarki ta Paleozersky. Lokaci ya kasance mai wahala ga wutar dutsen, kuma a yau yana da matukar wuya a rarrabe abubuwan da suka dace dashi. Yanzu duk wani dan yawon shakatawa zai iya taɓa tsohon tsarin halittar ƙasa da hannuwansu. Kusa da dutsen mai ba da wuta, shima alama ce ta jamhuriyya - ambaliyar Girvas.