Namiji ya fi kwazo sosai a lokacin hunturu, idan ta ƙirƙiri da kuma kula da tudun mungo a cikin wani daji mai girma, wanda a kanta yake '' waka '' kuma ya yi wasan tsalle tsalle don nuna wa abokan hulɗa da dama, waxanda suke da yawa ga namiji. Mace ta gina gida mai laushi mai laushi wanda ke zaune a cikin laima mai laushi a ƙasa ƙarƙashin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin kariyar iska, ba ƙasa akan bishiyoyi. A nan ta saka kwai ɗaya tak kuma ta saka kanta har tsawon kwanaki 50 kafin ta ɓiyi.

Lyrebirds suna ciyar da kwari, gizo-gizo, ciyawar ƙasa kuma, wani lokacin, tsaba. Sun sami abinci, suna jan ganyayyaki da kafafunsu. Lokacin da hatsari ya gabato, zazzagewa su gudu, amma maimakon su tashi, wanda suke samu cikin wahala, suna ɓoye a cikin ramukan wobmat. Bugu da kari, masu aikin kashe gobara wadanda ke kare ma'adinan ma'adanan wuta daga gobara a lokacin gobarar daji suma suna kare bakin zaren.

Kwaikwayo

Lyrebird ya kira mace mai sauti wacce ta ƙunshi cakuɗa ta "waka" da kuma sauran saututtukan da tsuntsayen suka ji a baya. Sylix na Lyrebird shine mafi cakuduwa na duk hanyoyin wucewa (rakodin), wanda ke ba wa Lyrebird wata dama wacce ba a saba ba, wacce ba ta da kamanceceniya da maimaitawar sauti. Lyrebirds haihuwa tare da babban daidaitattun halayyar waƙoƙi na wasu tsuntsaye da twitter na garken tsuntsaye, kuma suna yin kwaikwayon wasu dabbobi, ambaton mutane, motoci na kowane nau'i, Shots da kayan kida. Tasirin sauti yana iya yin kwaikwayon kusan kowane sauti - daga beep na masana'anta zuwa screech na goge kuma kewayon sun bambanta sosai - waɗannan sune sautin chainsaw, injin mota, kukan mota, murhun wuta, harbi daga bindiga, murhun taga, kukan karnuka da kuma kururuwa. Lyrebirds tsuntsaye masu kunya ne kuma galibi kasancewar kasancewar su tana bayar da damar murɗawa ne daga wuri guda. Mace ta mace kuma tana kwaikwayi daidai, amma ana jin ta ƙasa da namiji.

Cheraya daga cikin masu binciken, Sydney Curtis, yayi rikodin sauti mai kama da sautin bugawa a kusa da New England National Park. Hakanan, a cikin 1969, mai kula da wurin shakatawa, Neville Fenton, ya yi rikodin waƙar da ta yi kama da sarewa - ya kasance a cikin New England National Park, a cikin ƙauyen Dorrigo zuwa gaɓar arewa na New South Wales. Bayan bincike, Fenton ya gano cewa a cikin shekarun 1930 akwai wani mutum a gona kusa da wurin shakatawa wanda ke da dabi'ar yin sarewa kusa da makabarta ta gida. Lyrebird ya tuna aikinsa kuma daga baya ya buga a cikin wurin shakatawa. Neville Fenton ya aika da wannan rikodin zuwa ga masanin fasaha da ƙwararriyar Norman Robinson. Tunda lyrebird na iya yin karin waƙa biyu lokaci guda, Robinson ya fitar ɗaya daga cikin karin waƙoƙin kuma ya ɓace don bincike. Waƙar ta kasance mai fasalin fasalin karin waƙoƙi biyu waɗanda aka shahara a cikin 1930: "Layi na keel"da"Saƙar sauro"Masanin ilimin musanikanci David Rotenberg ya tabbatar da wannan bayanin.

Misalin rashin daidaituwa

Labarin maƙarƙashiya

A farkon shekarun 1930, wani sanadi mai suna James mai suna James ya zama abokai tare da mutumin da yake Misis Wilkinson, wanda ya dade yana ciyar da tsuntsun. Bayan haka, James ya yi mata nishadi a kan daya daga cikin murabus din da ya yi a bayan gida - tsuntsu daya ya nuna wa sauran jama'a, amma idan Misis Wilkinson ta kasance. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, cinikin James ya kasance tsawon minti 43, lokacin da yake tafiya, yana biye da matakan sa tare da karin waƙoƙin nasa, yana kwaikwayon kukan wani magrib na Australiya da ƙaramin magpie, wanda mahaifiyarsa ta ciyar da shi, tsuntsayen gabashin Australiya, tsuntsu mai kararrawa na Australiya, da dariya mai kookaburras guda biyu suna dariya unison, makoki mara nauyi, hadaddiyar giya, kwalkwali mai daukar hoto, robanla mai baki, tsuntsu mai kisa mai baki, kifin mai kifin mai zaki, mai launin launin toka-mai gurnani, shiloklyuva, farin tsuntsu mai launin fari-kasa-kasa Vågå pardalota, starling, Eastern Yellow Robin, zinariya Whistler, da garkuna aku, shẽwa a kan gardama, Crimson Rosella, da dama wasu tsuntsaye, wadda kasance da wuya ka shigar da trilling medososov (kankanin tsuntsaye da bakin ciki muryoyin), tara a kungiyoyin da chirping zaki muryoyin. Don yin kwaikwayon tsuntsayen da aka fi so, James ya rusa muryarsa mai ƙarfi zuwa mai rauni da mai saurin magana, amma yana da dabara sosai, yana yin kowane sautin a cikin wannan mawaƙa mai rarrabewa. James ya kuma haɗa da aikin sa cikin nasarorin yin kwaikwayon muryar jackhammer, mai ɗaukar ruwa mai ɗaukar hoto da siginar mota.

Tsarin tsari da juyin halitta

Tsarin zazzagewa ya kasance tare da yawan jayayya. Da farko suna son a sanya su matsayin kaji, tunda a zahiri sunada kama da launin toka, daɗaɗɗen kaza da ƙwaya, waɗanda aka riga aka san su da Turawa, amma yawancin lokuta ana sanya sune a matsayin iyali daban. Menuridae -an da ba shi da ɗa Menura.

A matsayinka na doka, ana la'akari da dangin Lyrebird da alaƙa da tsuntsayen daji (Atrichornithidae) kuma wasu hukumomi sun haɗa su cikin iyali guda, amma bayanin cewa Lyrebird yana da alaƙa da shalashnikovym ya kasance mai rikitarwa.

Ba a sanya Lyrebird a matsayin wanda ke cikin haɗari a cikin jinsin da ke kusa da na ajali. Ganin mazaunin Albert Lyrebird yana da iyakantacce, amma yana nuna zama mai lafiya muddin ya kasance ba'a taɓa shi ba, yayin da babban Lyrebird, wanda mazaunin sa ya kasance babban haɗari, yanzu an rarrabe shi kamar al'ada. Amma koda a wannan yanayin, saƙar fata yana saurin kuzari zuwa karnuka da dawakai, don haka tsuntsayen suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kulawa dangane da yanayin tsarin kariya ga mazauninsu don tsayayya da matsin lamba daga karuwar yawan mutane.

Lyrebirds sune tsoffin dabbobin Australiya: Gidajen tarihin gidan kayan gargajiya na Australiya ya samo kasusuwan dabbobin, wanda aka kiyasta kimanin shekaru miliyan 15 da haihuwa. Tsarin prehistoric Menura tyawanoides bayanin burbushin halitta ya kasance tun daga farkon Miocene, wanda aka samo a cikin sanannen rukunin Riversleig.

Zanen John Gould

Lyrebird yana da suna sosai saboda wutsiyarsa mai ban sha'awa (wadda ta ƙunshi fuka-fukai 16 masu ƙarfi sosai - biyu a tsakiyar wutsiya, biyu biyu, angled zuwa na farko, kuma 12 dake tsakanin su), a baya an yi la'akari da cewa wutsiyar tayi kama da itace. Wannan sunan an daidaita shi lokacin da aka samar da wani babban abu mai saurin ungulu (wanda aka kawo shi daga Australia zuwa Ingila a farkon shekarun 1800) domin nuna shi a gidan kayan tarihi na Biritaniya wanda masanin harkar haraji wanda bai taba ganin mai rai da rai ba. Mai yin harajin haraji yayi kuskuren tunanin cewa wutsiyar tana kama da abu kuma yana iya kasancewa kamar ta tsuntsun sama, lokacin da suka nuna shi, a kan haka, mai karɓar harajin ya shirya gashinsa daidai. Daga baya, John Gould (wanda bai taba ganin rayayye mai rai ba) ya zana hoton lyrebird dangane da kwafin daga Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya.

Kodayake ya juya da kyau sosai, zazzafan silki baya riƙe wutsiya kamar yadda aka zana shi a cikin hoton John Gould. Maimakon haka, namiji mai kan gaba yayin saduwa yana bayyana wutsiya a duk faɗin sa, yayin da yake ɓoye kansa gaba ɗaya da baya na jikin - ana iya ganin wannan akan tsabar kuɗi na 10 na Australiya, inda aka nuna wutsiyar babban nau'in lyrebird (lokacin cinikin) daidai.