Bankwana da su - dinosaurs waɗanda suka rayu a ƙarshen zamanin Jurassic da farkon zamanin Cretaceous, wato, kimanin shekaru miliyan 145-130 da suka gabata. Sunan "parantodon" na nufin "Hakori mai kama da fure." Hakoran wannan dinosaur suna kama da fure mai fure.

An samo ragowar farko na parantodon (watau yanki na muƙamula da haƙora da yawa) a cikin 1929 a Afirka ta Kudu (Afirka ta Kudu). Masana ilimin kimiyya sunyi imani da cewa waɗannan dinosaur suna zaune galibi a kudancin ɓangaren ƙasa na Afirka ta zamani.

Na dogon lokaci bayan gano ragowar parantodon, ba a la'akari da shi dinosaur ba, kawai a 1979, lokacin da aka gano cikakkun sikari na kwarangwal mai ɗorewa, masana kimiyya sun sanya shi a matsayin diinosaur.

Tsawon parantodon ya kasance kimanin mita 5. Yana da karamin kai, wanda daga dukkan bangarorin har zuwa ga wutsiyar wutsiya ya shimfida layin kwalin kasusuwa ko kashin baya, wanda ya kasance hanyar kariya daga maharbanta.

An fassara kalmar parantodon a matsayin "Mai kama da Antodon"

Parantodon shine mafi kusantar dangi na stegosaurus, wanda shine dangin stegosaur iri ɗaya. Wakilan dangin stegosaurus sune dinosaurs na herbivorous waɗanda suke da ƙananan kawuna, kuma a jikin akwai wasu faranti ko kashin baya. Sun wuce tare da baya daga wuya har zuwa karshen wutsiya.

Parantodon ya rayu a Kudancin Afirka a ƙarshen lokacin Jurassic. Ba a ware Parantodon a cikin 1929 a matsayin abincin da aka sanya shi ba saboda ƙarancin kayan ƙashi, tunda da farko kawai an samo wani ɓangaren jaw da haƙora. Wannan ya zama tushe don sanya masa suna "Parantodon" a 1978, amma an tsara shi a zaman ankylosaurus.

A 1979, an samo sauran ragowar wannan dinosaur, waɗanda suka ba da izinin rarrabe parantodon a matsayin stegosaurus.

Duniya da aka rasa

Parantodons sune abubuwan cin abinci na dinosaur waɗanda suka rayu a ƙarshen zamanin Jurassic da farkon Cretaceous, wato, kimanin shekaru miliyan 145-130 da suka gabata. Sunan "parantodon" na nufin "Hakori mai kama da fure." Hakoran wannan dinosaur suna kama da fure mai fure.

An samo ragowar farko na parantodon (watau yanki na muƙamula da haƙora da yawa) a cikin 1929 a Afirka ta Kudu (Afirka ta Kudu). Masana ilimin kimiyya sunyi imani da cewa waɗannan dinosaur suna zaune galibi a kudancin ɓangaren ƙasa na Afirka ta zamani.

Na dogon lokaci bayan gano ragowar parantodon, ba a la'akari da shi dinosaur ba, kawai a 1979, lokacin da aka gano cikakkun sikari na kwarangwal mai ɗorewa, masana kimiyya sun sanya shi a matsayin diinosaur.

Tsawon parantodon ya kasance kimanin mita 5. Yana da karamin kai, wanda daga dukkan bangarorin har zuwa ga wutsiyar wutsiya ya shimfida layin kwalin kasusuwa ko kashin baya, wanda ya kasance hanyar kariya daga maharbanta.

Tarihin nazari

Halittar Richard an bayyana shi a 1876, wanda ya kuskure shi don cin abincin saboda ya gano shi da wata tarko na Sashin Tsutsauran Harshen Cretaceous stegosaurus. Daga baya, a cikin 1912, Robert Broome ya iya bambance dinosaur daga kayan zamanin Permian, kuma a cikin 1929, Franz Nopcha ya sake sunan dinosaur Paranthodon (kama da anododon).

A baya, an haɗa nau'ikan da yawa a cikin halittar, amma dukkaninsu, ban da wanda aka nuna a ƙasa, an rage su da ma'ana:

• Anthodon chlynoviensis Efremov 1940 - a cikin Deltavjatia rossicus (Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937)
• Anthodon gregoryi Broom, 1930 - a Pareiasaurus serridens Owen
• Anthodon minusculus Haughton, 1932 - in Anthodon serrarius
• Anthodon nesemanni Broom 1940 - a Pareiasaurus yayi wa'azin Owen
• Anthodon rossicus Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937 - a cikin Deltavjatia rossicus (Hartmann-Weinberg, 1937)

Dangane da gidan yanar gizo na Paleobiology Database, har zuwa watan Satumbar 2019, kawai nau'in halittun da aka haɗa a cikin halittar shine Anthodon serrarius Owen, 1876.

Menene wannan cutar?

Kwayar cuta yana da yanayi mai kumburi, kuma yana lullube da timontium. Goge gogewa suna malala, fara jini, a wasu yanayi, hakora suna fara fitowa.

Kwayar cuta ta zamani na iya zama cututtukan cututtukan ciki da cututtukan farji. Mene ne banbanci tsakanin cututtuka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a sani: cututtukan cikin lokaci yana tsokanar ɗumamar yanayi na alveolar, kuma ba mai haifar da kumburi ba ne.

Bambanci: periodontitis, cututtukan tari da gingivitis

Tushen sabbin cututtukan na iya zama:

• Ba daidai ba da tsabtace baki. Kwayar cuta tana da matukar hatsari ga lafiyar hakora da kuma gumis. Idan ba ku cire shi kullun ta hanyar goge haƙoranku ba, yana fara haɓaka, taurara, yana canzawa zuwa tartar. Matsalar na iya shafar mutane ba kawai waɗanda ke yin watsi da tsabtace baki ba na yau da kullun, har ma da samun ƙanƙan haƙoran haƙora, ƙanƙan haƙora, ko kayan taimako,
• Rashin wadatar jini a cikin gumakan. Periodontitis yakan shafi mutanen da ke shan taba. Hayaki daga samfuran taba sun ƙunshi abubuwa waɗanda ke hana tasoshin mucous membrane na bakin ciki, yana sa shi yaushi. Hakanan ana iya haifar da isasshen kwararar jini a cikin gumis ta hanyar rashin kayan cakulan, idan mutum ya zabi cin abinci mai taushi,
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Irin wannan hoton ana iya haifar dashi ta hanyar abinci mara daidaituwa, wanda wadataccen adadin kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kifi, nama, samfuran madara mai tsami. Idan irin wannan abincin yana da kullun, tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin gumis a hankali suna rushewa, yana haifar da bayyanar hanyoyin kumburi, periodontitis.

Lambar ICD-10

Cutar tana da lambar ICD-10 mai zuwa:

• K05.2 M periodontitis,
• K05.3 Ciwon lokaci.

Tare da cutar, an rarraba farɗan tazara a cikin:

• m . Cutar na rayayye sosai kan cutar cututtukan farji, yana tsokano zafi mai zafi, gumis na jinni. Haddi na iya bayyana, wanda ba komai a cikin gumis,
• na kullum . Cutar tana shafar timontium a hankali, da farko ba tare da nuna kanta ba. Idan a matakin farko ba ku fara tasirin cutar ba, cutar za ta shafi ƙananan yadudduka na periodontium, bayan hakan zai yi wahala ku warke. Wannan nau'in periodontitis na iya faruwa tare da rikice-rikice waɗanda ke haifar da rauni na karewar ɗan adam, wanda ke ba shi damar kamuwa da cututtuka masu haɗari na asalin kamuwa da cuta.

Dangane da ƙaddamar da tsarin ƙwayar cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, yana faruwa:

• yankuna - samun asalin sa,
• a bayyane - haɓakawa ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwa biyu na cuta: kamuwa da cuta wanda ke shafar cututtukan cikin lokaci, da kuma raunana garkuwar ɗan adam, sakamakon wanda ba zai iya tsayayya da shi ba.

Kwayar cutar

Akwai halaye waɗanda zasu taimaka don gane periodontitis.

Periodontitis: hoto

Babban alamun cututtukan tari:

• Asedara gumis na zubar jini,
• Itching, amai abin mamaki a karkashin gumis,
• Jin mummunan numfashi, wanda ya kasance koda bayan goge hakora,
• Canza launin ƙwayoyin mucous kusa da hakora,
• A gaban Tartar a enamel,
• Motsi na haƙori.

A cikin tsari na kullum:

• gumis,
• mucous membranes sun zama mai arziki ja,
• Aljihuna na zamani suna bayyana cewa muguji,
• gumis na cikin tsananin rauni, yana jifa,
• mutum ya zama mai rauni, yawanci yana da yawan zafin jiki.

Yadda za a bi

Likita na likitan hakori ko maganin orthodontist an zaɓi maganin wariyar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan farji na farida.

Kafin da bayan magani na gum

Jiyya yana faruwa:

• gida:
• magani
• tiyata
• orthopedic
• ilimin halittar jiki,
• na kowa.

Vector yana tsaftace tartar, plaque a ƙarƙashin gumis, wanda ke tsokanar bayyanar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Na'urar ba ta shafi tushen tushe ba, saboda ana kiyaye haƙori da gumis daga rauni.

Shirye-shirye

• Antiseptics wadanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kawar da kwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da ci gaba da cutar,
• Mouthwash wanda ke aiwatar da ƙarin farfadowa, tare da rage kumburi,
• Hypertonic kawar da matakan kumburi, kumburi da hancin mucous a cikin bakin,
• Tallata Talla wadanda ke taimakawa wajen adsorption na microflora na pathogenic, kawar da maye na jiki gaba daya, da kumburi. Ana gabatar da irin waɗannan kwayoyi a cikin aljihu na lokaci,
• Enzymes , rarrabe ƙwayoyin necrotic, da kuma ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin sake sarrafawa. An gabatar dasu cikin aljihunan lokacin ta amfani da bakin ciki, wanda aka hade hade da maganin isotonic. Aikin zai fara ne daga kwana biyar zuwa bakwai,
• Immunostimulatory wadanda ke ba da gudummawa ga maido da tsarin garkuwar jikin dan Adam, wanda baya iya yakar kamuwa da cuta.

Kulawar gida

Sun ce magani tare da magungunan jama'a shine mafi inganci. Koyaya, kar a manta cewa kafin amfani da hanyoyin maganin gargajiya, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓi ƙwararrun likita.

Akwai irin waɗannan girke-girke na gida waɗanda suka tabbatar da kansu a cikin yaƙi da periodontitis:

• Tausa ɗan ciki tare da cakuda Bokitin teku da mai mai gauraye daidai gwargwado. Mutun ya rufe bandeji a yatsansa, ya lokes a cikin mafita, sannan zai iya murza maganin gumaka na mintuna goma, sau biyu a rana,
• Kurkura bakin tare da tincture itacen oak na itace . Dole ya zama ƙasa tun tuni. Ana zuba garin tafarnuwa na tafarnuwa a cikin gilashin ruwa, sai a kawo tafasa. Jiko yana hagu na rabin sa'a, bayan wannan an yanke shi. Domin samun sakamako sannu a hankali, yayin rana ana yin wannan aikin kowane sa'o'i biyu.

Juyar da hakora

Periodontitis a cikin matakin ci gaba yana tsokani motsi na hakori. Guje wa asarar su yana taimakawa tsagewa - maimaitawar hakora ta hanyar amfani da taya mai cirewa ko gyarawa.

• Taya mai cirewa - Waɗannan faranti ne da masu bakin magana waɗanda ke haɗa hakora da yawa, koda kuwa wasunsu ma sun ɓace. Irin wannan tsinkayen yana ba da damar maimaita matakan warkewa.
• Kafaffen tayoyin Ya yi da kayan ƙarfi waɗanda ke riƙe haƙoran haƙoran amintacce. Ana amfani dasu don mummunar lalacewar gumis, yana haifar da motsi mai hakora. Hanyar ba ta da lahani ga mutum, duk da haka, yana jin rashin jin daɗi, tsayayye.

Feedback kan hanya: