Salamander Texas, ko gajere na shugabanci zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Sun fi son wuraren rigar - kwari, busassun bishiyoyin da ke kusa da tafkuna da marshes ko ganyayyaki da suka faɗi. Yana amfani da burrows da sauran dabbobi. Saboda mayar da martani ga hari na mafarauta, tsofaffi amman sun dauki matsayin kariya. Yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar yau da kullun, yana ɓuya a cikin mafaka a yayin rana. Yana cin abinci iri-iri. Sake buguwa yana faruwa ƙarƙashin ruwa. Masu mamaye.
Yankin
Arewacin Amurka - daga arewa maso yamma yamma na Ohio zuwa Missouri da gabashin Nebraska. Range North ita ce kudu maso gabashin Michigan; Range South ta haɗu zuwa yammacin Kentucky da Tennessee zuwa Gasar Mexico.
Bayyanar
Jikin Texan ambistoma babba ne, mai farashi ne, wutsiya tana da tsawo, zagaye take a sashin giciye, bakin yana karami, layuka 2-3 na hakoran palatine suna jujjuyawa - daya a bayan wancan, shugaban yana karami, babba tare da guntun gajeren zango, ƙananan muƙamuƙin ya faɗi kadan. Idanun suna kanana tare da kwalayen idanu. Wata gabar jiki na bakin ciki. Yatsun yatsu hudu a goshin hannu, biyar a kan kafafu biyu. Rib tsagi 14-16.
Fata ya yi laushi. Yawan kwaroron tsami na difloma ne 28. Maza sun ƙanƙanta a girma fiye da mace, wutsiyoyinsu a gefuna sun fi damfara.
Launi
Canza launi daga baki ko launin toka mai haske tare da haske (launin toka ko azurfa) aibobi a baya da tarnaƙi, ciki na duhu. A lokacin kiwo, ambaliyar ruwa ta lalace.
Larvae suna da haske mai gudana a kan koren zaitun ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Kafin metamorphosis, ana maye gurbin haske mai duhu ta hanyar duhu. Gabaɗaya, canza launi na gajerun shugabanni ya dogara ne da mazauninsu.
Habitat
Ambistomes sun fi son wurare masu laushi - magudanan ruwa, da faduwa da lalatattun bishiyoyi kusa da tafkuna da fadama ko ganyayyaki da suka faɗi, ƙasar noma (kusa da ruwa), da ciyawa da kuma kwari (a kusa da tafkunan). Wasu lokuta ana iya ganin magidantan manya akan tsaunin dutse.
Yi amfani da burrows wanda wasu dabbobi suka haƙa, gami da crayfish da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ruwan sama a wani lokaci yana ƙarfafa su su fice zuwa farfajiya.
Abinci / abinci mai gina jiki
Tsofaffin shugabanni masu gajeren zango suna cin kwari, maɗaukakiya, millipedes, ciyawar ƙasa, kuli-kuli da gizo-gizo. Larvae sune masu farautar duniya baki daya, suna cin ƙananan dabbobin ruwa na ruwa, ciki har da daphnia, larvae na isopods, crustaceans, da larvae na wasu amphibians da ire-irensu.
Saboda mayar da martani ga harin mai farauta, 'yan amphibians suna ɗaukar matsayi na kariya: suna runtse kawunansu, suna faɗa da jikunansu, suna ɗagawa kuma suna juyar da wutsiyarsu (akwai glandan da yawa akan wutsiyar da ke sakin maganganu).
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Tiger ambistoma, ko tiger salamander (lat. Ambystoma tigrinum) nasa ne na dangin Ambistomatidae (Ambystomatidae). Ana amfani da wannan amurka na caudate a matsayin dabbobi a Arewacin Amurka.
A 2005, ta hanyar jefa kuri'a ta yanar gizo, an zabi ta a matsayin alama ce ta jihar Illinois ta Amurka, inda ta doke abokan takararta na kusa - frog itace mai tsayi (Hyla versicolor) da toad na Amurka (Anaxyrus americanus).
Dabba ba ta haifar da matsala da yawa ba, amma tana buƙatar mutunta mutumrta. Yana da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar gani mai haɓakawa da kyau kuma yana da ikon tuna masu shi. Tare da halayen da aka saba da shi, yana fitar da gubobi, wanda zai haifar da rashin lafiyan jijiyoyi da haushi na cikin mucous membrane. Ba sa jin daɗi musamman idan sun sadu da idanu, suna haifar da jin daɗin jin zafi mai ɗorewa kuma mara dadi.
An fara bayyana Amphibian a cikin 1799 a matsayin Siren operculata ta hannun masanin dabi'ar Faransawa Ambroise Paliso de Beauvois. Ya samo sunan ta yanzu a cikin 1828 a cikin ayyukan masanin ilmin dabbobi na Amurka Yakubu Green.
Rarraba
Gidajen ya ƙunshi mafi yawan arewacin Amurka ta Arewa daga lardunan kudu na Kanada har zuwa arewacin Mexico. Iyakar arewa tana iyaka da yankin kudu maso gabas na Alaska da kuma kudancin lardin Labrador.
Tiger ambistoma na zaune a cikin yankin musamman yanayin yanki. Yawancin mazaunan suna zaune kusa da tafkunan mahalli kusa da tekun Pasifik.
Ana samun Amfibians a cikin ire-iren halittu masu rai a cikin ƙananan kwari da kuma tsaunukan tsauni a tsauni zuwa 3000 m sama da matakin teku, amma ba su nan a Dutsen Dutsen da Dutsen Appalachian. A kudu, ƙananan keɓantattun keɓaɓɓun mutane ne suka mamaye.
Amphibians suna zaune a cikin ciyayi mai laushi, a cikin gandun daji na inuwa da canyons, inda akwai tafkuna, tafkuna da jinkirin koguna tare da ruwa mai sanyi. Mafi yawan lokuta ba a lura sosai ba a cikin yankunan da yanayin yanayin semiarid a tsakiyar ciyawar daji.
Halayyar
Salamanders na Tiger ba dare ba rana. Ba sa son hasken rana, a guji buɗe sarari kuma ba sa taɓa nesa da jikin ruwa. Da rana, sukan ɓoye a cikin mafakansu waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin gandun daji, bishiyoyi da suka faɗi ko tarin duwatsun.
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyuyen ɓoye. Idan babu su, 'yan amphibians suna tonon su da kansu.
A cikin kaka, ambistoma ya faɗi cikin ɓarkewa, kuma a lokacin rani, cikin matsanancin zafi, an binne shi a ƙasa mai zurfi. Bayan ruwan sama, yana sake fitowa a kan ƙasa.
Babban abokan halitta su ne badgers (Melinae), owls (Strigiformes), macizai (Macijin) da jan lynxes (Lynx rufus). M lardinu mai tsananin ƙarfi suna ciyar da yawancin kifayen kifaye da kwari na ruwa.
A lokutan haɗari, dabba sau da yawa maimakon gudu sai ta shirya don tsayar da harin. Tana lankwashewa kuma tana ɗaga wutsiya, tana jujjuya shi zuwa gaɓoɓinta tana girgiza ƙwan ɗanayen madarar ruwan nono daga gare ta. Da zarar a cikin bakin ko idanun ɗan tsokanar zalunci, ƙwarin gwiwar ya sami ikon yin sanyin gwiwa daga harin.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tiger salamander yana da babban ci. A zama ɗaya, ta sami damar cin abin da aka ci, girmanta daidai yake da na biyar na jikinta.
Wanda yake shan iska yana lalata dukkan abubuwa masu rai waɗanda waɗansunsu zasu iya jurewa. Gano wanda aka azabtar tare da taimakon wari. Mai kusancin ta kusa da ita, maharmar ya kama harshensa ya hadiye.
Tushen abincin shi ne dunƙule na ƙasa, katantanwa da kwari. Additionari ga haka, ana cin abinci ga 'yan daba,' yan beraye, da ƙananan macizai.
Larvae ciyar a kan shellfish da soya na kifi. Daga cikin su, cin abinci da cin larvae na nau'in halittu suna da yaduwa.
Kiwo
Lokacin damuna yana farawa a farkon lokacin bazara, kuma a kudu na kewayon riga a cikin rabin na biyu na Disamba, lokacin da jikin ruwan ke cike da ruwan sama. A cikin tsaunuka, suna yin kwanciyar hankali har zuwa farkon watan Yuni.
'Yan Amfibiyya suna shirye don haihuwar su daina haihuwa ne da kuma tara ruwa a cikin babban rukuni, a ciki ana samun yawancin mutane kusan 50. Suna yawon kan juna, suna tura iska da ruwa cikin ruwa sosai har sai an rufe shi da kumfa. Irin waɗannan wasannin gama-gari suna farantawa mata gwiwa da tilasta musu su ɗauki maniyyi na maza tare da cesspools.
Dabbar ta hanyar canji yakan faru ne a cikin yanayin ruwa tare da farkon duhu.
A wasu wuraren bushewa inda mai ba da lafiyayyen tumbi ya kasa samun ruwa, suna sa ƙwayayensu a cikin matsanancin bushewar puddles. Ci gaban su ya fara ne bayan an fara ruwan sama na kaka.
Matar yawanci tana sanya ƙwai akan dutse, daskararren itace ko ganyayyaki masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke kusa da ƙasan. Tsarin su na faruwa kwanaki kadan bayan hadi cikin bature da yakai 200 zuwa 1000.
Bayanin mako biyu da yawa. Matsakaicin metamorphosis ya bambanta sosai da yanayin muhalli kuma yana ɗaukar makonni 10 a cikin dumi kuma har zuwa shekara guda a cikin ruwan sanyi. Bayan da ya kai tsawon jikin sa na kusan 8-9 cm, ambasomomi sun wuce zuwa wanzuwar ƙasa.
Wasu larvae kasance a cikin larval mataki na ci gaba, riƙe su kwayoyi kuma kada ku je ban kasa. Mafi yawan lokuta ana lura da wannan a cikin jikin ruwa mai zurfi da sanyi. Dabbobin da suka rage a mataki na tsintsin neotenic ana kiranta axolotl.
Ana iya kiyaye waɗannan amphibians a cikin ƙananan rukuni a cikin akwatin kifaye. Don mutane uku, ana buƙatar ƙara girman 100x40x40 cm.
Ana sanya cakuda kasar gona da peat ko kwakwa mai kwakwa a ƙasa, kuma an sanya moss ɗin sphagnum a saman. Thicknessarancin kauri na Layer ya zama aƙalla cm 10. Salamanders suna son tono a cikin ƙasa ko ɓoye a cikin mafaka, sabili da haka, an shigar da kayan masarufi ko kayan filastik azaman mafaka a gare su.
Yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a sami jirgin ruwa mai ruwa a cikin farfajiyar don sanya fata da ɗaukar wanka. Ambistomes suna fara aiwatar da tsarin ruwa lokacin da iska ta rage. Don kula da shi sau biyu a mako, wajibi ne don fesa ganuwar kuma yin gurbin ruwa.
A lokacin rana, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a 21 ° -24 ° C, kuma a saukar da shi zuwa 17 ° -20 ° C da dare. Don haske, ana amfani da fitilun mai kyalli.
An ciyar da dabbobi da tsutsotsi, tarkoki, kifin akwatin kifaye, crickets da tadpoles. Esarancin yanka na farin naman maraƙi ko kaji ana ciyar da su lokaci-lokaci. Ana ciyar da dabbobi da yara a kowace rana, kuma manya bayan kwanaki 2-3.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikin mutum yayi daga 17 zuwa 33 cm. Jiki yana da nauyi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, maza sun fi maza girma. Suna da dogon wutsiya da aka matsa akan tarnaƙi da kafafun elongated. Mata suna da guntun ƙafafu. An kama samfuran mafi girma a Colorado.
Babban kai yana ƙare da ƙyalli mai zagaye kuma an raba shi da wuyan wuyansa. Idanun suna girgiza, matsakaici mai tsayi.
Launi ya bambanta da koren zaitun zuwa launin ruwan hoda ko baƙar fata a launi tare da launin rawaya da ratsi. Bangaren ventral shine mafi yawan lokuta launin rawaya ko kore.
Larvae mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi ko zaitun-kore mai duhu tare da duhu duhu da kuma ratsi mai tsayi. A ciki ne ya fi kyau. Yayinda suke girma, launi ya zama duhu.
Tsawon rayuwa a cikin daji kusan shekaru 16 ne. A cikin zaman talala, tare da kyakkyawan kulawa, tiger ambistoma yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25.
Zuriya
Bornan jariri lardin Texas na salamander suna da tsawon mm 7-14. A larvae da lokacin farin ciki gills, duhu launin ruwan kasa spots a baya, da kuma dan kadan m tsiri shimfiɗa ta gefen.
Matasa larvae suna ciyar da bishiyar crustaceans, ostracods, kwari da larvae; bayan sun girma, larvae sun haɗu da cpaceaceans da gastropods. Larvae ciyar a kowace rana (rana da dare). Ana ajiye su a saman ruwa (a karkashin ruwa tarkace) ko a kasan tafki.
Maganin jini yana farawa yana da shekaru 2-3. a girman 40-48 mm (daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa Yuli). A cikin 'yan makonni bayan metamorphosis, matattun kanana masu kanana kan yi ƙaura zuwa wurare masu daɗi. Matasa sun fi iya ɓoye a cikin ƙananan yara fiye da manya.
Yawan jama'a / kiyayewa
'Ya'yan gajere masu hangen nesa suna da yawa a cikin kewayon. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa an samo waɗannan amintattun a cikin ɗakunan wurare dabam dabam. Babban barazana ga nau'in shine asarar wuraren rigar da ake buƙata don haihuwa.
A kan salamanders, yawancin protozoa da helminths parasitize. Tsarin gajere na shugabanci na iya ma'amala da wasu nau'in Ambystoma.
Texas Salamander Face Mask
Ambistomes sun fi son wurare masu laima, saboda haka ana samunsu a cikin magudanan koguna, a tsakanin bishiyoyin da suka lalace, a cikin ganyaye, a kusa da fadama, a cikin ciyawa, da gonaki. Manya wani lokaci sukan kan gangaro kan tsaunin dutse.
A lokacin kiwo, jakadu masu kangara na iya tattarawa cikin kananan kungiyoyi kusa da tafki. Kuma a wani lokacin, suna jagorantar salon rayuwa ɗaya, amma a lokaci guda baya nuna halin yan ƙasa. A cikin baƙin ciki suna jira don lokacin da ya fi kyau. Ma'aikatan salati a Texas na amfani da burgoro da wasu dabbobi suka yi, kamar su dabbobi masu shayarwa daban daban ko crayfish. Idan ya yi ruwan sama da yamma, to kuwa magidatan su sauka.
Masu salati a Texas ba dare ba rana, kuma suna yin awoyi a hasken rana a mafaka.
Abokan aikin salamanders na Texas sune kwari masu ruwa na ruwa, macizai na cikin ruwa da larvae na salamanders. Lokacin da maharbi ya kawo hari ga mai salamander, yana ɗaukar matsayi na kariya: sun fara birgima, saukar da kawunansu suna girgiza kawunansu. A kan wutsiya akwai gland da yawa da ke da alhakin sakin kwayoyin halitta.
Abincin gajere na shugabanci na ambistoma ya ƙunshi slugs, kwari, kwari na duniya, millipedes, gizo-gizo da kayan ƙwari. Kuma larvae na laristo na magogin duniya ne, suna ciyar da ƙananan dabbobin ruwa: lardin crustacean, daphnia da sauran larvae na amphibian, gami da nau'insu.
Fa'idodi da ambataroma a takaice ga mutane
Wadannan 'yan amphibians za su lalata yawancin kwari na gandun daji da aikin gona. Bugu da kari, su da kansu abinci ne na jays da sauran dabbobi.
Tsutsotsin ambistoma a takaice suna ciyarwa a kan katantanwa, katako da invertebrates.
Girma na yawan jama'a
Salamanders na Texas suna da yawa a duk wuraren zama. Dalilin haka shine cewa gajeriyar shugabanci na iya rayuwa cikin muhalli daban-daban. Babbar barazanar rage yawan nau'in halittu ita ce asarar gandun daji wanda ginin ke ci gaba.
Bugu da kari, salamanders na iya mutuwa daga helminths da yawa da kuma protozoa. Ma'aikatan salafiyya na Texas zasu iya yin jituwa tare da wasu nau'ikan ambritos.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
