Kogon Akhal-Teke babu shakka yana daya daga cikin dawakai goma masu kyawu. Fitowar irin wannan dokin yana da ban sha'awa a cikin kyawawan nau'ikan sa, abubuwan motsi masu kyau da launuka daban-daban na launukan siliki. Bugu da kari, dawakan Akhal-Teke kuma ana daukar su daga cikin tsoffin nau'ikan doki, wanda ya kara musu kwarin gwiwa. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna ba da bayani kan babban shaharar da ake samu tsakanin masu shayarwa daga ko'ina cikin duniya.
Daga ina aka samo sunan?
Ofabilar Akhal-Teke tana da daraja da ɗaukakar ta ɗaya daga cikin kabilun Turkmen, waɗanda ake kira "teke". Wannan 'yar asalin ta zauna ne a wurin Akhal, wanda ke gindin tsaunin Kopetdag.
Don haka, bisa sunan asalin ƙasa da wurin zama, an tsayar da sunan dukkan layin haƙƙin mallaka. "Akhal-teke" ko "Akhal-tekin" yankewa ce ga "Dawakai daga cikin teke daga yankin Akhal." Tare da shigar da Turkmenistan zuwa abun da ke ciki na Rasha, an sanya wannan sunan a cikin jama'ar yankin. A cikin layi daya, su ma sun fara kiran waɗannan dawakai a cikin ƙasashen Turai.
Siffofi da Bayani
Akhal-Teke dawakai fiye da shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata an ƙaddamar da kabilu na Turkmen. Suna da sunayensu ga 'yan farauta, Ahal oasis da kabilar Teke, waɗanda sune asalinsu na farko.
A yanzu dai a farkon hango, waɗannan dawakan sun ci nasara a kamaninsu da alherinsu. Tsokoki masu tsabta suna wasa a ƙarƙashin fatansu na bakin ciki, kuma an jera bangarorin tare da ƙaramin ƙarfe. Ba dalili ba tare da dalili ba a Rasha an kira su "dawakai na sama." Sun bambanta sosai da sauran nau'ikan kiɗan har abada ba za su taɓa rikita su da wasu ba.
Launi na wakilan wannan nau'in ya sha bamban. Amma mafi mashahuri Akhal-Teke doki daidai isabella kara. Wannan launi ne na madara mai gasa, wanda a ƙarƙashin haskoki na rana ya canza launinsa, yake wasa da su.
A lokaci guda zai iya zama azurfa, da madara, da hauren giwa. Kuma shuɗin idanun wannan doki ya sa a manta da shi kawai. Wannan ragin ne, kuma farashi a kan irin wannan Akhal-Teke doki zai dace da kyawunta.
Dukkan dawakan wannan irin suna da matukar girma, a zahiri sun isa 160cm. Sosai da alaƙa da cheetahs. Kirji karami ne, doguwar baya da kafafunsa na baya. Hanyoyin hawa suna kanana. Hannun ba ta da kauri, wasu dawakai basu da shi kwata-kwata.
Akhal-Teke dawakai suna da matukar kyau, babba mai ladabi tare da madaidaiciyar bayanin martaba. M, ɗan yanka "Asiya" idanu. Neckun ya yi tsawo da bakin ciki tare da ci gaban yatsa.
A kan kai ƙara ne elongated cikakke-mai siffa kunnuwa. Wakilan wannan nau'in kowane kwat da wando suna da madaidaicin gashi mai laushi mai laushi wanda yake jifa da satin.
Ba za ku iya ganin dawakai Akhal-Teke ba a cikin daji, an buge su musamman a cikin gonakin ingarma. Don ƙarin shiga tsere na dawakai, nuna zobba kuma don amfanin kai tsaye a kulab. Zaku iya siyan diyan diyan Akhal-Teke a wurin nune-nune na musamman da gwanjo.
Ko a zamanin da, mutane sun yarda cewa waɗannan dawakan sun cancanci kawai masu iko. Kuma haka ya faru. Akwai zaton cewa sanannen Bucephalus na Alexander mai girma shine kiwoAkhal-Teke dawakai.
A Yaƙin Poltava, Peter I yayi yaƙi da irin wannan doki, dokin zinare kyauta ce ga Sarauniyar Ingila daga Khrushchev, kuma a Nasarar Parade, Marshal Zhukov da kansa ya yi fatawar a cikin irin wannan yanayin.
Kulawar doki Akhal-Teke da farashi
Lokacin da ake kula da nau'in Akhal-Teke, dole ne a kula da yanayinsa na musamman. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa an tsayar da waɗannan dawakan kai tsaye, saboda haka an tuntube su tare da maigidan nasu.
Da shigewar lokaci, sun sami dangantaka ta kud da kud da shi. Ana kiransu dokin maigidan guda ɗaya, saboda haka suna canza motsinsa mai raɗaɗi yanzu. Don cancanci ƙauna da girmamawa, kuna buƙatar samun damar iya hulɗa da su.
Waɗannan dawakan suna da kallo, masu hankali kuma suna jin babban mahaya. Amma idan babu wata mahaɗi, to, za su yi aiki da hankalinsu, don sun gwammace ’yanci. Wannan dalilin yana haifar da ƙarin matsaloli a zaɓin dawakai don wasanni.
Idan Akhal-Teke ya yanke shawarar cewa ana yi masa barazanar, to, saboda tsananin fushinsa, zai iya harbi ko ma cizo. Wannan irin ba don mai hawa doki ne ko mai ƙauna ba.
Dole ne gwani na gaske ya yi aiki da fasaha tare da ita a hankali. Rashin aminci da sakaci na iya tura shi gaba daya. Dawakin Akhal-Teke ba zai cika dukkan ka'idodin mahayin ba idan bai sami wata hanya ta musamman da shi ba.
Amma jin ainihin mai shi akan kanta, za ta bi shi a cikin wuta da ruwa, ƙirƙirar ainihin mu'ujizai a tsere da gasa. Sau da yawa akan Hoto iya gani Akhal-Teke dawakai nasara. Connectedarin ciyarwa tare da abubuwanda ke ciki an haɗa shi da gaskiyar cewa ganimar wadatar su ta zo daga ƙarshen shekara, yana da shekaru 4-5.
Kula da waɗannan dawakai ya haɗa da ciyarwa, wanka yau da kullun, da kuma shafawa cikin sanyi. A hankali sa ido da wutsiya. Ya kamata barga ta kasance ta kasance ta zama mara iska ta kuma sanya shi dumin. Kowace rana yakamata a yi tafiya mai tsayi don haka babu matsala tare da tsarin musculoskeletal.
Irin wannan nau'in yana da matukar wuya kuma yana da tsada kuma galibi ana aje shi cikin manyan sitattun bayanai. guda nawaya daceAkhal-Teke doki? Farashin ya dogara da sifar kowane doki, wannan yana nuna ingantaccen aiki da ƙarfin sa.
Idan uba ko mahaifiya sun kasance zakarun, to farashin mai zai zama daidai yake da jimlar shida. Zaɓin mafi arha shine 70,000 rubles, rabin nau'in zai cinye 150,000 rubles, kuma aƙalla 600,000 dole ne a biya su don dokin sikeli. kirim kwat da wando Akhal-Teke doki shima dole ya biya karin.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin wannan nau'in dawakai bai da banbanci da na wasu, sai dai cewa buqatar ruwa. Sun girma a cikin yanayin zafi kuma sabili da haka na dogon lokaci na iya yin ba tare da ruwa ba.
Dawakan Akhal-Teke suna cin ciyawa, da ciyayi mai kyau, idan da akwai dama. Kuna iya ciyar da su tare da hay mai kyau, to, za su kasance mai kuzari da farin ciki ba tare da ƙarin takin ba, wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga dawakan wasanni.
Idan akwai babban aiki a jiki, to, kada ku ciyar tare da oats ko sha'ir. Zai fi kyau a bi da tare da beets, karas ko dankali. Bugu da ƙari, ana bayar da soya ko alfalfa don haɓakar tsoka.
Fiber, wanda sashinsu ne, zai sa kasusuwa da hakoran dawakai su zama masu ƙarfi, gashi kuma zare. Ya kamata a ba da bitamin kawai idan ya cancanta. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da dawakai a lokaci guda. Fara cin abinci tare da hay, sannan a bayar da abinci mai ɗumi ko kore.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Tsawon rayuwar dawakan Akhal-Teke ya dogara ne da kulawa da kuma matsayin ayyukansu na zahiri. Yawancin lokaci wannan adadi ba ya wuce shekaru 30, amma ana samun karni na karni.
Balaga yana faruwa yana da shekara biyu, amma wannan nau'in baya fara yin ginin da wuri. Sake haihuwa yana faruwa ta hanyar jima'i. Lokacin da maren ke shirye don haihuwar ana kiranta "farauta", to sai ta bari dutsen kusa da ita.
Amma shayarwa sun gwammace su fara kiwon dawakai ta hanyar girka mutum. Don kiyaye tsabtar jinsi, an zaɓi wata mace da ta dace musamman. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari kuma kwat da wandoAkhal-Teke dawakai.
Cutar ciki tana ɗaukar watanni goma sha ɗaya. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar maƙaryaci ɗaya, ƙasa da biyu. Suna da amo, amma bayan sa'o'i biyar zasu iya yin motsi da kansu kyauta. Rashin shayarwa nono na tsawon watanni shida, bayan jariri ya sauya kayan abinci.
General halaye
Dawakin Akhal-Teke yana da banbancin waje. Fitowar wannan nau'ikan asali ya bambanta ta da sauran nau'ikan doki. Akhal-Teke dawakai suna da babban girma sosai (matsakaici na kusan 160 cm a ƙ theƙasashin tsaunin tururuwa), ingantaccen tsarin mulki. Dawakan Akhal-Teke a siffofi ana kwatanta su da furfura ko cheetahs. Dukkanin bayyanar ana mamaye dogayen layuka. Sauran matakan ma'aunin stallions: tsawon tsayin jiki - 160-165 cm, girth kirji - 175-190 cm, metacarpal girth - 19-20 cm.
Kirji yana da zurfi, m, tare da dogayen karya. Hannun ƙanana suna da tsayi da tsayi, daɗaɗɗu. Baya da ƙananan baya dogaye ne. Croaƙarar croup din yana ɗan faɗiɗaɗa, faɗi da tsawo, tare da tsokoki masu haɓaka, an rage wutsiya ƙasa Kafafu suna da tsayi da bakin ciki, tare da ingantattun gidajen abinci da kuma karamin karfi. Siffar kai da wuya yana da kyau sosai. Shugaban yana da madaidaiciya ko fuskar hunch-fuskar martaba, wani lokacin tare da goshi mai convex dan kadan, sashin gabanta na da dabara kuma yana da tsawo. Kunnuwa suna da tsawo, bakin ciki, yadu sosai. Idanun suna da girma, masu bayyanawa, amma suna da sabon salon elongated, dan kadan slanting siffar (“Asiya ido”). Neckun ya kasance mai tsayi, na bakin ciki, tsayi, madaidaiciya ko S-dimbin yawa (ana kiranta da ƙarar "barewa") tare da dogon yatsa.
Fatar ta yi kauri, kuma hanyar sadarwa ce ta hanyoyin jini ke nunawa a hankali. Gashin gashi yana da matukar bakin ciki, mai taushi da siliki, wasan mawuyacin abu ne mai ƙoshin gaske, kuma galibi yakan zama sheki gaba ɗaya, wanda ke bambanta dokin Akhal-Teke da sauran nau'ikan doki. Temperament ne ardent.
Abubuwan da suka dace sun bambanta, ban da babba kuma mafi yawan wadanda aka saba - bay, baki, ja da launin toka - akwai Bulan, solovy, Isabella, Karakova, launin ruwan kasa. Alamar farin kan kafafu da fuska na iya kasancewa. Dukkanin raunin suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko na azurfa.
Asalin suna
Sunan zamani an bai wa mai kiwo ne a wurin da aka tsayar da waɗannan dawakan a cikin Akhal oasis, wanda ya miƙe a arewacin ƙafafun Kopet-Dag daga Baharden zuwa Artyk, wanda ƙabilar Turkmen Teke ne (ko Tekintsev). Don haka, a zahiri “ahal-teke” doki ne na ƙabilar teke daga yankin Ahal. A karkashin wannan suna, an gano asalin wannan zama a masarauta ta Rasha bayan karuwar Turkmenistan, kuma musamman a shekarun Soviet. Hakanan, sunan wannan nau'in, wanda Turawa suka sake gabatar da su a cikin karni na 20, shima yana sauti a cikin wasu yaruka, misali: Ingilishi. Akhal-Teke, fr. Akhal-Teke, Netherlands. Akhal-Teke, Jamusanci Achal Tekkiner, Swede. Achaltekeer da dai sauransu.
Siffofin asali
Jinyar ta rinjayi hanyar rayuwa wacce take asali a cikin Turkmens. Siffofin ciyarwa, horarwa na gargajiya da amfani - hade da sauri tsere don gajere mai nisa da tafiye-tafiye masu tsayi mai zurfi - duk wannan ya shafi waje da ciki (fasali na ciki) na irin: dawakai sun zama sun bushe, ba tare da mai mai yawa ba, baƙon abu mai wuya kuma ba a neman yawa ( kuma ga ingancin) abinci.
Yakin Akhal-Teke yayi kyau kwarai don hawa, motsin sa na roba kuma baya gajiya ga mahaya. A lokaci guda, tsayayye ko sakaci ya raunata Akhal-Teke fiye da sauran dawakai. Kamar kowane dawakai masu launin fata, Akhal-Teke kiwo bai dace da matsayin “wasan motsa jiki ba” wanda ya cika duk wasu bukatun mahaya; yana da bukatar kulawa ta musamman. Saboda haka, yawancin 'yan wasa, waɗanda suka saba da ƙarin dawakai da dawakai marasa jini, suna ganin Akhal-Teke yana da wahala aiki tare. Amma a hannun mahayi mai haƙuri da haƙuri, dokin Akhal-Teke ya iya nuna babban wasan motsa jiki.
Da yake zuriya ne na dawakai da dawakai waɗanda aka yi tashe a cikin mummunan hamada kuma suka zauna a cikin yashi na Karakum, dawakan Akhal-Teke ba za su iya gādo da ƙarfin hali da kuma jituwa daga kakanninsu ga yanayin muhalli ba. Yanayin yanayin yashi ne wanda Akhal-Teke ke bin bashin baƙi na su: yayin da yake motsawa tare da mataki da ƙwal, yana da alama cewa dokin yana iyo a ƙasa lafiya ba tare da taɓa shi da ƙafafunsa ba. Wannan hanyar motsi ta taimaka wa Akhal-Tekes cikin sauki ko da a kan dutsen.
Duk da fatarta mai laushi da gajeriyar sutura, dokin Akhal-Teke na iya jure yanayin zafi-da-fadi - daga −30 zuwa + 50 ° C, haka kuma tsananin zafin zafin.
Fragarfafawa na waje na brean wasan ya ɓoye ƙarfin haƙuri. A cewar masana tarihi, akwai lokuta yayin da wani Akhal-Teke ya ji rauni a cikin yaƙin da ya yi sanadiyyar bugun wasu maza biyu a bayan nasa, wanda ya barsu cikin rawar jiki. A cikin tarihin zamani, dawakai na Akhal-Teke sune suka yi rikodin tafiye-tafiye na kwanaki da yawa da kuma wasannin motsa jiki. Famousan wasan da suka fi fice a Akhal-Teke sun faru ne a shekarar 1935 a kan titin Ashgabat-Moscow. An rufe wannan nisan a cikin kwanaki 84, kuma mahayan sun rufe sands na Karakum a cikin kwanaki uku ba tare da tsayawa don abinci ba, abin sha ko barci. Dukkan dawakai sun kasance lafiya kuma sun isa Moscow. Wanda ya yi nasarar wannan tseren shi ne Tarlan babban filin Bulan.
Kamar dawakai na gaske na hamada, Akhal-Tekeans sauƙin jure ƙishirwa.
Yanayin tsarin haihuwa
Dawakin Akhal-Teke asalinsa daga yankunan Turkmen ne na hamada. Mutane sun buƙaci doki mai ƙarfi, haske da sauri. Baya ga waɗannan halaye, ya kamata dangin Akhal-Teke su kasance da ƙarfin hali da saurin-magana.
Waɗannan dawakan an kula dasu, an yi la'akari da membobinsu na dangin. An kula da dabbobin, ana kulawa da su sosai. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a sami ɗaya sosai Hardy, azumi, m da kuma m irin. Mazauna garin Akhal-Teke sun shahara sosai saboda halayen kirki da halin rayuwa.
Starfin dawakai na Turkmen yana da ban mamaki. Suna tsayayya da canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki na iska daga +50 zuwa - 30 digiri. A wannan yanayin, dabbobi kada ku daina halayen aikin su.
A zahiri, a yanayin rashin jin daɗi, yana da mahimmanci kada a bijirar dabbobi ga abubuwan saukarwa ba tare da matsananciyar buƙata ba. Tsarin Akhal-Teke yana da wuya, amma bai kamata a sa dawakai a cikin dawakai masu yawa ba. Dawakai na Turkmen sosai aiki da kuma ta hannu.
Gallery: doki na Turkmen (hotuna 25)
Labari
Dandalin Akhal-Teke shine sakamakon aikin tsararraki da yawa na masu shayarwa a fagen kiwo, al'adun al'adun dawaki na gargajiya. Arminius Vambury, wanda ya tafi yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya a karni na 19, ya rubuta:
Waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin sun cancanci duk aikin da aka basu ... A zahiri, halittu suna da ban mamaki, waɗanda 'ya'yan hamada suka fi matan aure daraja, masu tsada fiye da yara, masu tsada fiye da rayukansu. Tatsuniyoyin gudu da juriyarsu ba a cika faɗi ba.
Tarihin wannan nau'in ya fara ne a zamanin da, a lokacin da mutane da yawa masu magana da harshen Iran da ke zaune a yankin tsakiyar Asiya suka fara haifar da dawakai waɗanda za su fi sauran ƙarfi da kyau. Suna da ainihin al'adar doki. Akasin haka, tsoffin wayewar da suke kusa da Iran ba su da dawakai na dogon lokaci, dawakai sun shiga Mesopotamia, tsohuwar Masar da sauran ƙasashe na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Bahar Rum daga Asiya ta Tsakiya da Transcaucasia.
A cikin bayanan kasar Sin, tsohuwar Davan (Fergana II karni na AD) ta shahara a duk duniya saboda dawakanta. Ba haɗari ba ne cewa an kira Davan ƙasar "dawakai na samaniya." Dawakai Ferghana sun sauko daga dawakai na gumakan kansu. Af, kyakkyawa na gudu, agility da jimiri ba su daidaita da su. Dukkanin dawakai, ciki har da makwabta da na nesa, sun yi imani da cewa babu wani samfuri mafi mahimmanci da kyauta mai mahimmanci fiye da dawakan Ferghana. A cewar wani labari na mutane:
Dawakan Akhal-Teke na yanzu, shahararrun dawakai na Turkmen sune zuriyar waɗancan dawakan Davan. Hotunan “dawakai na sama” har wa yau an adana su a kan duwatsun kwarin Ferghana.
A zamanin da, za a iya tattara ra’ayin daidaiton zuriya a cikin Asiya ta Tsakiya bisa ga bayanan masana tarihin Girkawa da Romawa da masana kimiyar ƙasa.Herodotus ya ba da rahoto: "Akwai fili na Nesseus a cikin Mead, inda ake samun dawakai masu girma." A bayyane yake, Nesea yana nufin shimfidar Nishapur ta yanzu a cikin yankuna na arewacin Iran kusa da Turkmenistan. Sauran marubutan sun lura cewa dawakan Nesei sun fi kyau a duniya, kuma sarakunan Farisa sun kewaye su.
A cikin eras mai zuwa, waɗannan dawakan suna bayyana ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban, amma bincike mai zurfi ya nuna cewa ɗayan iri ɗaya ne, iri ɗaya ne, suna gado daga tsoffin al'adu zuwa sababbi. Za'a iya gano cigaban koda da halayen kara ne. Don haka, Herodotus ya lura cewa "Nisa (babban birnin Parthia) tana da dukkanin dawakai masu launin rawaya," dawakan da sojoji Alexander Alexander suka samu a yanzu da ke Turkmenistan farare ne "launuka farare da bakan gizo, da launuka na alfijir." A bayyane yake, ga tsoffin Iraniyawa, rigar zinare tana da ma'ana mai tsarki, saboda an sadaukar da doki ga allahntakar rana.
A zamanin da a Rasha an san Akhal-Teke da suna argamak - amma, wannan sunan na kowane doki ne mai ma'anar dabi'a. Jinin Akhal-Teke yana gudana a cikin ɗabi'ar Rasha da yawa - musamman a cikin Don da dawakai na Rasha. Ta bayar da gudummawarta ga kiwon doki na Gabas da Yamma kuma babba ne, kuma masanin kimiyyar Soviet T. Ryabova ya lura:
Dukkanin al'adun dawakai na Asiya - daga Babbar Ganuwa ta China da kuma gabar tekun Indus zuwa Misira na ƙarni da yawa da aka bunkasa ƙarƙashin jagorancin dawakai na Turkmen kai tsaye."
An yi imani da cewa 'yan Akhal-Tekeans ne waɗanda ke cikin magabatan babban nau'in doki, wanda tun karni na 19 aka sanya shi cikin farko dangane da tasirinsa ga sauran nau'in dabbobi. A cikin tarihin ƙirƙirar asalin larabawa, ana neman tasirin Akhal-Teke (kodayake, a waɗancan zamanin, sunan zamani "Akhal-Teke" bai kasance ba tukuna). Dangane da babban kwastomiyar Soviet V.O. Witt, dan wasan Akhal-Teke shine "asusu ta zinariya ta dokin al'adun doki na duniya baki daya, rabewar da akayi na karshe shine tushen tsarkakakken jini wanda ya kirkiro masana'antar kiwo dawakai."
A cikin Tsararraki na Tsakiya a Tsakiyar Asiya, kabilun Turkic sun kafa kansu. Arnuka da dama sun shude, kuma yawancin sassan Afirka ta Tsakiya suna magana da yaren Turkic, amma sababbin shiga da kansu sun fahimci abubuwa da yawa daga al'adun Aboriginal kuma sun haɗu da su. Menan Turkmen iri ɗaya iri ɗaya cikin nau'in anthropology suna da fasali da yawa na yawan mutanen Iran. Masar Turkmens da nau'in ban mamaki da aka gada daga tsoffin actan Bashintiyawa da Parthians, waɗanda aka tsabtace su kuma cikin kyawawan halayensa.
Turkmens sun kasance manyan masu son tsere doki kuma sun ɗauki horo na doki da muhimmanci sosai. Kwarewa game da wannan al'amari an sami nasara daga zamani zuwa zamani. Malaman Soviet da suka yi karatun Akhal-Teke irinsu sun lura cewa tsarin horar da masu horar da kwalliyar Turkmen-bangarori sun yi daidai da tsarin yadda ake shirya kariyar dawakai domin tsere a tseren tseren Turai. A zahiri, Akhal-Teke daya ne daga cikin manyan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa na duniya, kuma ɗaukacin shagon wannan doki yana ba da dabbar da aka haifa a ciki.
Mafi shahararrun Akhal-Teke
Saurayi (b. 1885)
Dan samari
Melekush (b. 1909)
A zamanin Soviet, akasin farautar dawakai ta Akhal-Teke ba wai kawai a cikin Turkmen SSR bane, har ma a cikin yankin Kazakh SSR da RSFSR. A waccan lokacin, aikin kiwo tare da kiwo an yi shi ne da farko a wajan wasu lalatattun kayan waje, da kuma haɓaka haɓaka.
A yau, Rasha tana da mafi yawan darajar dawakai na 'yan Akhal-Teke. Akhaltekintsev ana bijiro dasu a cikin gonar ingarma na Stavropol No. 170, mai suna bayan Vladimir Shamborant "ShaEl", a cikin masana'antu da yawa a Dagestan, Kalmykia da kuma yankin Moscow.
Yankin Akhal-Teke na yau ya bambanta da waɗanda suka kasance 100, 300 da 1000 da suka wuce kawai tare da haɓaka mafi girma da ingantacciyar jiyya. Dukkanin abubuwan musamman na nau'in, na waje da na ciki, an kiyaye su.
Akhal-Teke na waje
Janar halaye sun bambanta da sauran nau'ikan. Akhal-Teke yana da tsayi, bushewar tsarin mulki. Wasu suna kwatanta karnukan Akhal-Teke tare da karnuka mai kyawu ko kuma cheetah. Su ne tsoka da haske.
Dukkanin yanayin dawakin Akhal-Teke yana da tsawo. Dogon kyauta mai kyauta dogo mai santsi. Akhal-Tekeans suna da halayyar halayyar mutum ɗaya: wasu mutane na wannan nau'in basu da rawar hannu.
Sauran rawar ba haka ba ne na marmari ba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa argamaki ya rayu a cikin yanayi mai zafi, ban da haka, ciyayi masu wuce gona da iri na iya shafar saurin dokin.
Amfani
Yakin Akhal-Teke, a matsayin tseren dawakai, yana da babban yuwuwar zartarwa a cikin wasanni da yawa na ƙasar. An ba da umarnin doki Akhal-Teke dawakai tare da kirkirar USSR. Don tserewar dawakai na dawakan Akhal-Teke, an samar da dukkan lambobin yabo na gargajiya da dukkan shekaru da kungiyoyin jinsi, wanda akasari an yarda da shi a tseren dawakai. Wannan shine, da farko, kyautar Derby, babbar kyauta ga duk dawakan da aka gwada a hippodromes, da kuma duk kyaututtukan gargajiya, inda kawai sunan ya canza kuma nisan sa ya kasance ingantacce a Ingila.
Dukkanin manyan kyaututtukan, ciki har da All-Russian Derby don ƙungiyar Akhal-Teke, ana gudanar da su a matsayi na biyu mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmancin tseren tseren Rasha - Pyatigorsk. Kuna iya ganin tsere a kan dawakan Akhal-Teke da kuma a kan shingen kidan na Krasnodar, haka kuma a kan hippodromes na Ashgabat da Tashkent. A cikin Moscow Hippodrome, dawakan Akhal-Teke sun fara ne a cikin 2005, lokacin da aka gudanar da bikin bayar da lambar yabo ta Argamak ta Rasha da kuma lambar yabo ta Shamborant.
Saurin rikodin Akhal-Teke a cikin tsere mai laushi: ɗan shekaru biyu a cikin 1000 1000 - 1 min 03.5 s, ɗan shekaru uku a cikin 2000 m - 2 min 11.5 s, 2400 m - 2 min 41.6 s.
A cikin wasannin motsa jiki na gargajiya, dawakan Akhal-Teke kuma suna nuna babbar baiwa. Manyan 'yan wasan da suka fafata a gasar sun kasance tsaffin larabawa (wadanda suka gama Ashgabat - Moscow a matsayi na biyu), Posman da Penteli. Arab ne mai launin toka wanda ya nuna baiwa mai tsalle tsalle na musamman, bayan da ya shawo kan wata gasa mai tsayin 2 m 12 cm, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga doki mai fafatawa.
Ofan Larabci ɗan baƙar fata mai barin gado Absinthe (Arab - Baccarat 1952) ya ɗaukaka zuriyarsu ta Akhal-Teke a duk faɗin duniya. A cikin 1960, lokacin da yake magana a cikin shirin sutura a Gasar Olympics a Rome, Absent da mahayarsa Sergei Filatov sun zama zakarun Olympic. A cikin duk tarihin rigunan wasannin Olympic, Absinthe ya kasance shi kadai ne doki - gwarzon rukunin adabin Olimpik wanda ba asalin dan Jamusawa ba har ma da zubar da jini na dawakan wasannin motsa jiki na Jamus. Baya ga taken Gwarzon dan tseren Olimpics Absinthe shi ma ya lashe kambin zakara a Turai kuma ya kasance mai yawan lashe gasar USSR. A cikin 1964, Absinthe ya lashe lambar tagulla a Gasar Olympics a Tokyo a karkashin sirdi na girmamawa na Wasan USSR Sergey Filatov, kuma a gasar wasannin Olympics a Mexico City ya riga ya raba lambar azabar ta Soviet a karkashin sirdin Ivan Kalita.
Abin tunawa da fitaccen wakilin Akhal-Teke an kafa shi ne a mahaifarsa, a Kazakhstan, a ƙasa na farjin Lugovsky.
A yau, ana ci gaba da amfani da dawakan Akhal-Teke a cikin wasannin motsa jiki na yau da kullun, inda aka fi mayar da hankali ga suttura.
Bambancin kara
Akhal-Teke mutane suna zuwa cikin ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Mafi mashahuri shine suturar dawakai ta Isabella. Isabella launi ne na madara mai gasa wanda ke canza launi dangane da hasken.
Akhal-Teke na iya zama azurfa da ruwan hoda da shuɗi. Bambancin launuka, haɗe tare da shuɗiwan idanu na waɗannan kyawawan mutane, suna sa mutanen Akhal-Teke su zama kyawawan dabbobi da baƙon dabbobi na tsarin daidaitacce.
An bambanta gashin dokin Akhal-Teke da taushi mai laushi. Ana jefa gashi dabbobi tare da satin sheen. Haɓaka doki yana da girma sosai. Tsayin doki Ya kai mita a ƙ theƙasassun. Babbar dabbobi, duk da haka, ana bambanta su da alheri da kyawun hali.
Idanun Tekintsev sun yanka kadan. A kan kai ake kunnuwa masu kamanni. Ba za ku haɗu da Akhal-Teke a cikin daji ba. Mutane suna kiwo dasu. Don amfani a wasannin da aka buga, tsere na dawakai, sutura, irin waɗannan dawakai ana buge da su.
Kiwo
Kiwo ya haifar da layin da ya koma ga sanannen dokin karni na 19. Kashewa : kararrawa Melekush (Boynou - Oraz Niyaz Karadyshly 1909, a cikin 1956 an gabatar da shi ga N. S. Khrushchev a matsayin kyauta ga Elizabeth II), Everdy Telecom da Sapar Khan. Sauran manyan layin gado a cikin Akhal-Teke na zamani sune layin Gelishikli (Fakir Sulu - Gesel 1949) Arab, Kaplan, Kir Sakara (Algyr - Aiden 1936) Turawa (Tugurbay - Elkab 1932) da Fakirpelvana (Fakir Sulu - Fidget 1951).
Ana nuna dawakan Akhal-Teke a yau a tseren dawakai, haka kuma ana nuna alamun zakarun gasar Russia da duniya, da kuma a zoben manyan al'amuran da aka sadaukar dasu ga dawakai, alal misali, Wasan Nunin Wasannin Dawakai na Kasa da Kasa a Moscow. Equiros ta karbi bakuncin gasar cin Kofin Duniya na shekara-shekara, wanda Vladimir Shamborant Horse Stud ya kafa. Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ita ce mafi girma-wasan-kwaikwayon na Akhal-Teke.
Ana yin irin wannan kiwo a kasashe da dama na duniya.
Fasali na kulawa da dokin Akhal-Teke
Abun da ke tattare da dokin Akhal-Teke dole ne yayi la’akari da halin halayen su. Gaskiyar ita ce an daɗe waɗannan dawakan kamar dawakai don mai mallaka ɗaya. Don haka, ba sa sauraron muchan matan da ke kula da dawakan Akhal-Teke da yawa.
Wannan dabba ce mai zaman kanta. Yana da kyakkyawan hawan mahaya. Idan mahayan basu da wata dangantaka da doki, zai iya yin aiki da shi yadda ya ga dama.
A bu mai kyau a amince da ilimin Akhal-Teke kwararren mai kulawa. Babban kololuwar ci gaban jiki a tsakanin mutane na Tech ya zo da wuri - a shekaru 4-5. Kula da wadannan dawakai na Turkmen ya hada da wadannan:
- ciyarwa,
- wanka yau da kullun
- tsabtatawa,
- doguwar tafiya.
Wadanne wasanni ne mutane Akhal-Teke suke amfani da shi?
Dawakan Akhal-Teke suna da girma don hawa. Powerarfinsu da saurin zai zama da amfani a wannan fannin. Kuma 'yan wasan motsa jiki suna godiya da layinsu mai laushi, mai laushi.
Don suturar su ma suna son amfani da su. Alherin da dawakai zasu bayar mafi tabbatacce maki lokacin kimanta damar iya yin komai da kuma na waje.
A cikin ilimin Akhal-Teke, yakamata a yi la’akari da yanayin kaunar su da ‘yancinsu. Waɗannan dawakan ba za su yarda a yi amfani da su da takurawa ba. Ta hanyar ƙauna da kulawa ne kawai za'a iya tayar da dokin Akhal-Teke.
Iri-nau'i na Akhal-Teke nau'in dawakai
- Gelishikli - mafi yawan wakilan wakilan irin, tare da fasallan sifofin da aka bayyana.
- Cyrus - Sakara - Akhal-Teke dawakai tare da tsari mai ƙarfi da kyakkyawan sakamako a nesa.
- Skaka - wakilan wannan nau'in sunada yawa kuma jikinsu yayi dan tsawo.
- Kaplana - ya ware daga layin kir - sakara. A cikin dabbobi na wannan nau'in, nau'in da aka bayyana da kyau da kuma haɓaka mai girma. Dawakai sunada inganci.
- Spruce - dawakan wannan nau'in gajere. Don wannan dalili, an fara amfani da su ba sau da yawa fiye da wasu.
- Arab - baƙar fata da barorin bay - wannan sifofi ne na wannan nau'in. Wannan wani nau'in girmama na 'yan wasa. Hakanan masoya na rabin-kiren dawaki masu kiwo sun fara soyayya da ita.
- Karlavach dabbobi ne masu matsakaici. Becamean wasan dawakai ne suka ƙaunace su a wasan tsere.
- Fakirpelvana - waɗannan dawakan sun tabbatar da kansu a cikin kiwon dawakai. Ana ci gaba da aiki kan inganta kiwo.
Akhal-Teke kiwo
Akhal-Teke dawakai sun sami asali ta wata hanya ta dabi'a a gonakin ingarma. Amma, shayarwa sun fi so wucin gadi, tunda wannan hanyar yafi amfani.
Mahaifiyar mare yana ɗaukar watanni goma sha ɗaya. Yawancin lokaci, ɗayan ɓoyayye ɗaya aka haife shida wuya mare ya kawo maki biyu. A cikin mintina na farko, ruhaniyar ba ta da ɗanɗano, amma bayan 'yan awanni kaɗan, sai suka fara motsawa cikin ƙarfi suna faɗi ga nono.
Ba da daɗewa ba suna tafiya da kansu ba tare da wata damuwa ba. Karya rabin shekara yana ciyar da madara nono. Daga baya, ana canza shi zuwa abincin abinci.
Dawakan Akhal-Teke dawakai ne mai tsada. Amma tana da ƙarfi a cikin Turkmenistan, da Russia, da Amurka. Gaskiya connoisseurs na dawakai suna da darajar dawakai sosai. Suna riƙe su cikin yanayin sarakuna kuma suna kewaye da su da walwala da kulawa. Akhal-Teke mutane a yau sune dukiyar kasa baki dayakiyaye shi da kyau ta hanyar makiyaya.
Akhal-Teke dawakai a Rasha
Dawakan Akhal-Teke sun shahara musamman a Daular Rasha. Na farkonsu sun zo kasar ne a lokacin Tsar Ivan Mai Tsoro. Gaskiya ne, a wancan lokacin sunan dawakai na yanzu bai wanzu ba tukuna, kuma duk dawakai masu faffadan waje ana kiransu "argamaks."
A Rasha, an ba da darajar Akhaltenkines sosai. Yawancin shahararrun shayarwa sun sayo su don kuɗi da yawa don amfani don aikin kiwo. A kan tushen waɗannan dawakan ne aka kirkiro Don, dawakai na Rasha da wasu keɓaɓɓu.
Baya ga janar, akwai kuma wuraren kiwon dabbobi na musamman waɗanda ke keɓance dawakai Akhal-Teke musamman. A lokacin USSR, babban yankin aikin su shine gyaran wasu gazawa a cikin kundin tsarin dawakai, kazalika da karuwar ci gaban su.
A yau, dokin Akhal-Teke ya yadu a cikin Rasha. Na biyu mafi girma adadin wakilan wakilai ne wanda aka tattara a nan. Haka kuma, shayarwa na gida bawai kawai sun inganta yanayin su bane, har ma suna kiyaye fasalin halayyar fasalin.
Halin
Yanayin Akhal-Teke dawakai don dacewa da kamanninsu. Waɗannan dabbobi masu girman kai ne, masu daraja. A cikin matakan farko na haduwa da irin wannan turken, mai shi dole ne ya yi iya kokarin sa don samun amana. Amma idan har doki ya san mai shi, to, zai kasance mai sadaukarwa gabaɗaya ga rayuwarsa gabaɗaya.
Wani fasalin da ke nuna halayen Akhal-Teke shine cewa idan irin wannan dabba ta san mai ita, to ya zama mai jan hankalin sauran mutane su shiga ciki. Masana ilimin kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa an sanya irin wannan fasalin a cikin asalin halittar doki saboda wata muhimmiyar hanya ta haɓaka foals a cikin kabilar Teke.
Amma ga mafi halaye na dabi'a, waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙarfi, haɓaka damar haɓaka tunanin mutum, da sauri, amma ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba. Hakanan, waɗannan dawakan sun kware sosai. Idan mai shi ba shi da ƙarfi da ikon nufin dokinsa, to, sau da yawa sau na biyu yana ɗaukar kan sa da kuma yanke shawara yadda za a nuna hali a cikin wani yanayi.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na irin
Mutanen Akhal-Teke haɗuwa ne na alheri, ƙarfi da jimiri. Doki mai girman kai da fasaha na bukatar girmamawa kuma baya yafe zargi. Tana da haɗin kai ga maigidan kuma mai yiwuwa ba ta yarda da canjin mallaka ba. Dawakai ba sa neman abinci, amma suna buƙatar kulawa sosai.
Ci gaban jiki a cikin dawakai na Akhal-Teke shine ya ƙare ta shekaru 4-6, wanda ke ƙaruwa da farashi.
Bayanin dawakin Akhal-Teke
Dawakan wannan irin, da zarar an gani, ba za a gauraye su da wasu ba. Tsarkin jini da aka kiyaye shi tsawon mil da aka bayyana a fasalin halayen na waje. Akhalteke tsayayyar a kan mayun ya kai santimita 160 - 170, mare - 150-160 santimita. Idan ka kwatanta shi da dabbobi na wasu nau'in, to, ya yi kama da mai cheetah: haske ɗaya, mai sauri, kyakkyawa. Mazaunan Akhal-Teke suna da wasa kuma suna tsalle, zasu iya yin ba tare da ruwa da abinci na dogon lokaci ba.
Iri da kuma kara
Akwai iri uku a cikin irin:
- Tall, tare da cikakkiyar ma'aunin jiki.
- Srednerosly, tare da wadatattun alamun alamun.
- Short, ta jiki mai karfi.
Daga cikin dawakan Akhal-Teke akwai dawakai da kera iri daban-daban (gazaran adadin adadi na yawan dabbobi):
Dukkanin raunin suna da ɗan gajeren zane na launi na zinariya ko azurfa.Yana ba da babban launi haske, yana canzawa gwargwadon haske.
Bayani da Koyo
Dawakan Akhal-Teke ba sa banbanci cikin karɓar baƙi ga baƙi. Siffofin samuwar zuriya sun inganta girman kai da 'yanci a cikinsu. Akhal-Teke ya san mai ne kawai, ba ya hulɗa da sauran mutane. Irin wannan haɗin da aka noma cikin dabbobi ba da izinin zama ba har dubban shekaru.
Daga cikin mutanen Akhal-Teke, ana samun masu jin daɗi, masu juyayi da masu zafin rai. Tilastawa da karfi ya hadu da taurin kai da kuma kin bin umarnin. Amma dokin baya nuna zalunci ga mutum.
Kafin ka fara horo, kuna buƙatar gina ƙarfin gwiwa. Wannan zai ɗauki lokaci, fahimtar ilimin halin Akhal-Teke. Idan dokin ya san mai horarwar, to horo ba zai buƙaci ƙoƙari ba. Dawakan Akhal-Teke, suna da kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwa, suna koyo cikin sauƙi da son rai.
Mene ne siffofin dawakan isabella dace?
Launin Isabella yana kama da launi na madara mai gasa. Akhal-Tekeans na wannan sutura suna da fata mai ruwan hoda da gashi mai launin fata. A cikin rana, dawakan Akhal-Teke na launi Isabella sun bayyana an jefa su cikin zinare. Toari ga launin da ba a sani ba, suna da shuɗi mai haske ko kore.
Masu shayarwa sunyi bayani game da bayyanar dawakan wannan suturar tare da wani ɓoyayyen nau'in zabin Tabbatar da wannan shine yanayin isabella dawakai ga cututtukan idanu da fata, wanda yake shine misalin albinos. Mazaunan Akhal-Teke da ke da irin wannan launi sun fi wahalar daidaitawa da yanayin yanayin hamada na Turkmen.
Ka'idodin abun ciki na asali
Don kiyaye lafiyar dawakan dawakan Akhalteke, ana buƙatar cika sharuɗan kiyayewarsu.
Jerin abubuwan da suka wajaba sun hada da:
- Ciyarwa daidai da aikin dabba na dabba.
- Tsabtace kullun.
- Magungunan ruwa sau 3 a mako.
- Sau ɗaya a wata, hoof dubawa.
- Sau biyu a shekara binciken hakora.
- Yi tafiya kullun cikin iska mai tsabta tare da aiki na jiki.
Don tsabtace dawakai:
- gashin gashi na asali (mai wuya da taushi),
- tsefe na katako
- gizo-gizo (don mucks da repitsa),
- karammiski / zane,
- Raguna don wanke kofato,
- kofato gogewa.
Tsarin tsabtacewa yana farawa da kai, motsi zuwa kafadu, ƙuna, baya da kafafu. Don ulu amfani da goga mai kauri. A wuraren da ƙasusuwa ba su da kariya daga tsokoki, tsaftace da buroshi mai laushi. Sannan wutsiya da mane suna dafe da ruwa kuma an hadasu da tsefe. An tsabtace Hooves tare da ƙugiya kuma an shafe shi tare da rigar raga. Shafa maƙarƙashiya tare da ruwan lemo a idanu da hanci. Ana amfani da wani soso don kula da fata a ƙarƙashin wutsiya. Damaukin ruwan wuta mai laushi mai sauƙi yana ɗaukacin dokin.
Daidaita barga
Barikin gidan yana kusa da birni, nesa da babbar motar. Ana adana dabbobi a cikin tsarin katako, tare da samun iska mai kyau, hasken wuta (na halitta + wucin gadi). A cikin shingen suna shirya bene mai ɗumi: akan ginin yumɓu na yumɓu suna kwance gado na bambaro aƙalla santimita 10. Ana sanya masu ciyarwa a duk faɗin wurin wurin matattara tare da zurfin faɗin santimita 40 na santimita.
Ciyar da sha
An bada shawara don ciyar da dokin a wasu sa'o'i, wanda ke ƙarfafa ɓoye ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki da mafi kyawun ɗaukar abinci. Shaye shaye daidai yake da sauran nau'ikan dawakai: ana ba da ruwa kafin a ciyar. Yawan ruwa na yau da kullun ya bambanta da lokacin shekara. A cikin yanayin zafi, doki yana buƙatar lita 60-70 na ruwa, a lokacin sanyi - 35-40 lita. Ya kamata ruwa ya zama sabo, mai tsabta, tare da zazzabi na + 10 ... + 15.
Ba a yarda da aikin motsa jiki rabin sa'a ba kafin kuma bayan ciyar. Ana shayar da dokin mai laushi bayan yayi sanyi. Abincin yana ƙaddara gwargwadon aikin jiki. A zamanin da, Turkmens sun goyi bayan doki tare da madara raƙumi, tortillas tare da kitsen rago, ƙwai.
Babban abinci
Tushen abinci na dawakan Akhal-Teke shine:
- roughage
- koren abinci
- mai da hankali.
- hay,
- bambaro,
- Chaff na alkama na bazara, sha'ir.
Abincin kore shine ciyawa. Ciyarwar da aka tattara ya hada da hatsi da silage.
Kayan abinci a cikin abincin mazaunan Akhal-Teke:
Silage an shirya daga kore taro na masara ko sunflower. Abincin yau da kullun yana la'akari da kuzarin kuzarin dabba. A ranakun da dokin yake tafiya da gudu, ana bashi ciyawar abinci (abinci mai kauri da abinci) ba tare da jan hankali ba. Tare da hawa doguwar tafiya a cikin saurin gudu, an rage yawan forage zuwa 70%, tare da maye gurbinsa da hankali. Yayin horo kan wasan tsalle-tsalle, sutturar girki, da kuma hawa mahauta, an daidaita yawan abin da aka maida hankali zuwa 40%.
A nuna tsalle, kayan miya, kayan abinci da hatsi iri daya ne. A triathlon, doki yana buƙatar ƙarin makamashi kuma yana karɓar 60% na hatsi da 40% na abinci. Dawakan Akhal-Teke da ke shiga tsere ana ciyar da su sosai tare da ciyar da abinci (70%).
Yayin ciyarwa, dabbobin an fara ciyar da roughage, sannan kore. Adadin yau da kullun na roughage ya kasu kashi hudu: daya safe da yamma, biyu a dare.
Abincin abinci mai gina jiki
Dawakai suna ba da abincin m na ƙarshe (kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa). Ana ƙara bitamin cikin abinci kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Kayan aiki na asali
Mazaunan Akhal-Teke sun yi farin ciki da launuka iri-iri, a cikinsu akwai jan, keɓaɓɓu, baƙi, yashi, rawaya, launin ruwan hoda, launin ja da ma ruwan hoda mai ruwan launi mai haske. An gabatar da bayanin shahararrun shahararrun kayan argamaks a tebur mai zuwa.
Hoto | Sunan kwatance | Bayanin |
---|---|---|
Bay | Jikin cakulan ne. A kan kafafu baƙar fata "safa." Black baka da wutsiya | |
Bulanaya | Jiki yana launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi zuwa launin shuɗi. Black baka da wutsiya | |
Majiya | Mayafin yana da baki, yana haske da rana, kamar satin. Black baka da wutsiya | |
Gyaran kai | Mayafin yana ja ja. Colorarfin launi ya bambanta | |
Gashi | Doki yana da launin toka, yana iya zama launin toka, kusan fari, ko launin toka mai duhu. A ƙafafunta akwai fararen fata. Hanyoyin baka da wutsiya kuma baƙaƙen fata ne | |
Solovaya | Doki ne tan. Bangaren gashi mai gashi da wutsiya mai sauƙi. A ƙafafunta akwai safa mai walƙiya | |
Isabella | Mayafin yana da ruwan hoda da miliki, da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Mane da wutsiyar yashi ko rawaya |
A cikin wakilan Akhal-Teke sun kasance wakilai na musamman game da bay. Bayan haka, a cikin tsarin saukowa, dawakai ke biye da bulan (20%), hankaka (12%), ja (11%), launin toka (8%), saline (5%) da isabella (2.5%) kara suka biyo baya.
Kayan Isabel
Yankunan, sabili da haka mafi tsada Akhal-Teke, mutane ne masu launin Isabella tare da fata mai ruwan hoda da koren haske ko shuɗi mai shuɗi. Uwar Isabella Akhal-Teke tana ƙonewa a cikin rana, kamar zinariya mai rai. A cikin hasken rana mai haske, yana samun inuwa na inuwa, a cikin haske mai haske - inuwa mai ƙyalli.
Yana da wuya a bayyana dalilin bayyanar dawakan launuka masu ban mamaki isabella. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan launi ya bayyana ne sakamakon haɗuwa da wasu abubuwan halittu waɗanda ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar launuka masu haske a cikin dawakai da hana aiwatar da ayyukan duhu.
Akhal-Teke Isabella
Mafi kyawun launi na fata, idanu da mayafi alama ce ta karkatacciyar alama na zabiya. A saboda wannan dalili, mutanen Isabella Akhal-Teke sun fi fuskantar fama da cututtukan ido da fata, kuma suna daidaita yanayin rayuwa cikin hamada.
Mayafin a cikin jariri isabella foals yana da haske mai launin ruwan hoda mai haske. Yayinda 'yan yara suka girma, yana zama mai da hankali-mai haske, yana wasa da rana kuma yana shimfidar siliki, launin shuɗi ko ma wasu abubuwa masu haske. A cikin shekaru, gashin yana duhu kaɗan, amma ya kasance mai haske.
Mutanen Isabella Akhal-Teke ba su da ɗanɗayi, saboda haka suna da daraja sosai a siyarwar masana'antar ƙasa ta ƙasa. Farashin mafi kyawun wakilai na wannan suturun sun kai dalar Amurka miliyan.
Yin wanka
Akhal-Teke, tare da tsarin juyayi ta wayar hannu, hanyoyin ruwa suna da amfani. Ruwa yana ƙarfafa dabba, yana rinjayar yanayi da ci. Ana yin wankan ne sau 1 cikin kwanaki 2. A lokacin bazara, doki yana wanka a cikin tafkin (na halitta / wucin gadi). Ragowar shekara, ana doused tare da tiyo ko guga. Wajan yakamata ya kasance yana da sandar yashi ko tsakuwa ba tare da lalatasu ba.
Zazzabi na ruwa - a tsakanin +20 digiri. Kulawar ruwan na tsawon minti 20. A ƙarshensa, ana cire ruwa mai yawa tare da dabino, scraper. Bushewa da fata da gashi na faruwa a cikin iska. Dabbar tana tafiya da sauri ba na minti 20 har sai ta bushe a rana. Ana koyar da dawaki yin wanka daga buhun aza da guga a hankali, saboda ruwa a karkashin matsi bai firgita shi ba.
Kulawar hakori
Tare da shekaru, hakoran Akhal-Teke sun fara lalacewa, suna haifar da ciwo lokacin tauna. Da mazan dabbar, da yawanci ya zama dole a bincika hakora. Idan ana zargin hakori, za a nuna dokin ga kwararre.
Alamun matsalolin hakora sune tashin hankali na tsoka na yau da kullun, rashin ci, da damuwa mara hankali na dabba: dokin yana yawan yin sama.
Filayen aikace-aikace
Dawakan Akhal-Teke sun sami nasarar shiga tseren dawakai (tsere mai laushi) da kuma nisan tafiyar, ana amfani da su kadan kadan wajen sanyawa da kuma tsalle-tsalle.
Argamaki dawakai ne masu ban mamaki. Saboda juriyarsu, dawakai cikin sauki za su iya jure tseren juzu'i kuma galibi suna zuwa layin farko. Yunkurin bazararsu ba ya gajiya ga mahaya.
Yankin Akhal-Teke ya gamsu ga mahaya
Dangane da saurin gudu, Akhal-Teke ya fi ƙasa da dokin dawakai na Ingila. A cikin Turkmenistan, ana gudanar da gasa ta musamman don argamaks, ba a yarda dawakan wasu kiwo su shiga cikin su ba.
A cikin saka tufafi, Akhal-Tekes ba su da daidai. Dawakan da aka horar da su daga irin wannan, suna yin umarni, suna da kyau da kyau. Amma a baya rashin biyayya ya cika shekaru aru-aru na horo.
A nuna tsalle-tsalle, rikodin wakilan irin wannan shine 2 m 12 cm, yayin da aka kafa rikodin duniya akan 2 m 47 cm.
Ofaya daga cikin fasalin irin wannan shine ƙarshen tsufa: mafi girman motsa jiki a cikin doki ya kai shekaru 4-6. Wannan yana ƙara ƙimar kuɗin kula da su kuma yana rage yiwuwar amfani a wasanni masu daidaitawa.
Akhal-Teke stallions an daidaita su sosai don horarwa da horo na doki.
Akhal-Teke Circus Doki
Dawakai
Dawakai da ke yin tsere a tseren dawakai, gasa, ana yin su da dawakai na musamman waɗanda ke da tasirin tasirin fata. Wannan yana kiyaye dabba daga raunin ƙafa. A wasu halaye, ana amfani da dawakan dawakai na duniya.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da irin
A cikin duniya akwai dawakai dubu uku na Akhal-Teke masu tsabta. Rabinsu suna cikin Turkmenistan. Turkmens suna ɗaukar mazaunan Akhal-Teke a matsayin wata taska ta ƙasa, alama ce ta ƙasar. An nuna dokin a suturar makamai, bayanin ajiyar kuɗi na ƙasar. Game da darajarta, ana gudanar da hutu na kasa - na shekara-shekara, wanda mazaunan Akhal-Teke ne kawai ke iya shiga.
A ƙarni da suka gabata, sarakunan ƙasar za su iya barin Akhal-Teke a cikin garken. Nomadic Turkmens ya ƙunshi dawakai 1-2, waɗanda koyaushe suna gaba da gidaje akan dogon lasso. Fals na lokacin sanyi ya koma alfarwar. Abubuwan da ke cikin tarko ya daidaita dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutum da doki, a matsayin masu daidaita da amincin juna.
A cikin tsohuwar zamanin, tookan Turkmen ya ɗauki matsayi na farko dangane da uba mai mahimmanci, sannan - bako. Doki ya koma wuri na uku, ya fi matarsa, 'ya'yansa da sauran dangi muhimmanci. Dawakan Akhal-Teke sun rayu har zuwa tsufa, ba da sanin menene bulala ba. An fitar da dutsen kowane doki ta hanyar magana da jahilci na yawan jama'a. Bayanai game da dakin karatun ya tattara zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20.
Akhal-Teke absinthe a Gasar Olympics a Rome (1960) ta zama abin duniya. Tare da salon rigar sa, ya jawo hankalin masu sauraro da kyan gani na waje, aiwatar da hukuncin kungiyoyi daban-daban, tare da nuna hadewar mahaya da doki.
Tsaftacewa
Ya kamata a tsabtace ulu Akhal-Teke kowace rana. Dole ne a shirya kayan aikin masu zuwa don tsabtacewa:
- uku goge (tare da wuya, m da dogon tari),
- gamuwa
- biyu gizo-gizo
- karammis din mitter ko zane
- Raguna don wanke kofato,
- kofato gogewa.
An tsabtace dokin kamar haka: na farko, kai daga hagu zuwa dama, sannan kafadu, ƙuna, baya da ƙafa. Don tsabtace ulu, ana amfani da goge mai ƙoshin ƙarfi, kuma wuraren da ƙasusuwa suka zo kusa da fatar fata an tsaftace su da buroshi mai taushi. Sannan a hada tsefe kuma a hada tare da gamsuwa mai kyau.
To, tare da ƙugiya na musamman, an tsabtace hooves. A waje, ana goge goge tare da ragumar ragwaye. Abubuwa biyu suna fesa cikin ruwan dumi: ɗayan yana goge hancin da hancin idanu, ɗayan kuma fata a ƙarƙashin wutsiya. A ƙarshe, an shafa ulu tare da daskararren zane ko kuma karammis ɗin karammiski.
Idan wutsiyar dokin tayi shaggy da puffs, yi ƙoƙarin rufe shi da bandeji tsawon sa'o'i da yawa. Wannan zai taimaka wajan wutsiyar cikin tsari mai kyau.
Asalin Akhal-Teke shine dawakai
An yi imanin cewa dokin Akhal-Teke ya bayyana ne kusan shekaru 3,000 BC. a yankin da Turkmenistan ta mamaye a yau. Idan akai la'akari da gaskiyar cewa tsarkakakken yawan mutanen da ba a ketare su da sauran dawakai ya isa zamaninmu ba, ana ɗaukar dawakan Akhal-Teke a matsayin ƙaƙƙarfan dawakai.
Muna da alaƙar bayyanar wannan nau'in ga mutanen da ke magana da Iran na Tsakiyar Asiya, waɗanda suka ƙaunace su da girmama su sosai. A kokarin kirkirar dokin kwarai, wadannan mutane sun kirkiro da Akhal-Tekeans wadanda muka saba da su a yau.
Abin lura ne cewa a lokacin da Akhal-Teke ya fara fitowa, a wancan lokacin cibiyoyin wayewa, kamar su Mesopotamia da tsohuwar Masar, ba su yi amfani da wadannan dabbobin ba tukuna. Doki na gida ya zo musu daidai daga Tsakiyar Asiya, wato, a zahiri, dawakan Akhal-Teke sun zama magadan dukkan sauran nau'ikan doki na Yammacin duniya. A cewar wasu rahotanni, har ilahirin wayewar gabashin (China, Japan) sun sami dawakai daidai ta hanyar Akhal-Teke.
Tunawa da cewa mafi kyawun dawakai a duniya ana gundurarsu a cikin yankin Turkmenistan na zamani ana samunsu ko'ina cikin tsoffin littattafai, tun daga zamanin Fir'auna. Sai kawai a tsakiyar tsararraki mahimmancin kiwo ya fara ɓacewa, tunda sanannen zuriya na dawakan Akhal-Teke - dawakan larabawa, da 'yan Andalusi, da sauransu suka fara yin nasara a Asiya da Turai.
Kamar yadda Turai da duniyar Larabawa suka ba da tare da dabbobin gida, nau'in dawakai na Akhal-Teke ya shahara sosai a Asiya ta Tsakiya da Russia (a wancan lokacin muna kiransa "argamak"). Ko ta yaya, a wannan lokacin mutane kima ne suka riga sun saka ido kan tsarkin dutsen kuma yana kan gabowar lalacewa. An adana irin wannan ta hanyar fadada Masarautar Rasha a yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya. A lokacin da Russia ta shigo karni na biyu na karni na 19 Dabbobin tsarkakakken dabbobin suna cikin ragowar Akhal-Tek ne kawai. Don haka jinjin ya sami suna na zamani.
Tare da kafa ikon Soviet, an fara aikin kiwo mai mahimmanci, da nufin "sabuntaka" wannan tsohuwar da kuma ɗan ɗan gajeren lokaci. Babban ƙoƙarin an yi shi ne don haɓaka haɓakar doki da kuma gyara wasu laifofi a waje. Godiya ga wannan, mazaunan Akhal-Teke na zamani sun bambanta da kakanninsu, waɗanda suka rayu shekaru dubu da suka wuce, kawai a cikin girma da kuma adadi na yau da kullun. Kuma duk sauran halaye na musamman wadanda suka mai da dokin Akhal-Teke ya zama mafi kyawu ko ɗayan mafi kyawu an kiyaye su.
Daga Tarayyar Soviet, dokin Akhal-Teke ya fara yaduwa a duniya. Sake maido da wannan nau'in don kansa, Yammacin duniya ya fara amfani da sunan Akhalteke wanda ya saba mana. A yau, waɗannan dawakai an buge su a ƙasashe da yawa, amma dabbobin da suka fi yawa a Rasha da Turkmenistan.
Shin zai yuwu a haifi Akhal-Teke?
Don haka, mun gaya kusan komai game da dawakan Akhal-Teke, yanzu bari mu ci gaba zuwa babban abu - zuwa ga tsammanin kiwo na kasuwanci a Rasha.
Tun da asalin dawakai ta Akhal-Teke ce har zuwa wani yanki na asali ga ƙasarmu, farashin kayyakin hannun jari ya ragu matuka fiye da farashin ƙasashen Turai ko na Amurka.Koyaya, kar ka manta cewa muna magana ne game da tseren tsere, wanda ke nufin cewa ta ma'anar an ƙima ta fiye da dawakan da aka saba dasu.
Ganin fasali, manufa da farashin dawakan na kiwo na Akhal-Teke, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu don yadda zaku iya cin gajiyar kiwo da kuma kiwo.
Da fari dai, waɗannan dabbobi har yanzu suna cikin buƙata a wasanni, don haka idan kuna da hanyar sadarwa mai yawa tare da masu arziki waɗanda ke da sha'awar wannan batun, zaku iya fara siyar da ƙwararrun horarwar ga waɗanda ke son shiga cikin wasannin motsa jiki. Babu buƙatar magana game da yadda takamaiman keɓaɓɓu da ƙananan kasuwar take. Don samun kuɗi a kai, kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari sosai fiye da kowane nau'in kasuwancin.
Abu na biyu, mazaunan Akhal-Teke gabaɗaya sun dace da dalilan yawon shakatawa. Kuma kodayake akwai tatsuniya mai yawan gaske game da yanayin wannan nau'in, cewa yanayin dawakai na Turkmen mara kyau ne kuma yana da haushi, a zahiri wannan matsalar ana matukar yin biris da ita. Musamman ma idan ka zabi zababbiyar dawakan Akhal-Teke kuma gaba daya ka kyautata musu.
A kan haka, akwai yuwuwar kiwo kasuwanci na dawakan Akhal-Teke gaba ɗaya sun ƙare. Haɓaka waɗannan dawakan mashahurai don nama da madara zai zama sabo ne na gaske. Kuma ba wai kawai saboda asalin dawakai ne na kirki ba, har ma saboda akwai wasu nau'ikan nama da ake samarwa wanda mutanen Akhal-Teke suke da ƙanƙanci a cikin wannan al'amari.
Amma idan muka kawar da kasuwanci kuma muka yi la'akari da dawakai a matsayin dabbobi na abokan tafiya, to dawakan Akhal-Teke suna da kyau a wannan batun. Dawakai na wannan nau'in suna da alaƙa ga masu mallakarsu kuma suna biya musu biyayya don halayensu na kirki. Kuna so ku sami biyu daga dawakai don yin jigilar dawakai a cikin yanayi a ƙarshen mako? Mazaunan Akhal-Teke cikakke ne don waɗannan dalilai. Ko, alal misali, ba matarka Akhal-Teke doki mai ƙamshi - wannan hakika kyauta ce mai ɗorewa kuma gabaɗaya wacce ba za ta yarda da ita ba.
Akhal-Teke dawakai
Lokacin ƙirƙirar barga, dole ne a bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya iri ɗaya don duk dawakai na dawakai, wanda ke nufin cewa su ma suna da inganci ga dawakan Akhal-Teke.
Zai fi kyau a sanya barikin a bayan birni, ko, a cikin mawuyacin hali, a bayan gari, nesa da manyan hanyoyin da gidajen jama'a ke ciki. Dalilan a bayyane suke kuma basa buƙatar bayani.
Bargaren da kanta yakamata ya zama mai tsabta, haske da sanyin hankali. Kodayake dawakan Akhal-Teke na iya jurewa har zuwa digiri 30 na sanyi, kar a manta game da asalin halittar dawakai Akhal-Teke. Waɗannan dabbobin sun fito daga yanki mai yanayin yanayin hamada, kuma saboda haka tsayawa kan dawakai a cikin sanyi ba zai haifar da wani alheri ba. Baya ga abinci da ruwa, dawakai suna buƙatar aƙalla mafi ƙarancin sararin samaniya na akalla murabba'in mita 4. mita.
Don kiyayewa da dawakai na yau da kullun, haka kuma za ku buƙaci wasu gine-ginen gona:
- hay
- sito na sauran ciyarwa,
- wani shago don adana kayan kiɗa, kayan aiki, da sauransu,
- yankin tafiya.
Sai dai idan kun yi niyyar yi wa kanku doki, kuma dole ne ku ɗauki hayar wasu ma'aikata. Ya kamata a mai da hankali sosai ga abubuwan da suka shafi hayar likitan dabbobi da mai horarwa, tunda lafiyar doki da iyawar ta wajen gudanar da ayyukanta ya dogara da waɗannan kwararru.