Mandrill (lat. Mandrillus) Shin ɗayan birrai ne mafi girma da ba shi da alaƙa da halin anthropoids. Wani bambanci na wannan nau'in shine kyakkyawan launi mai launi ga maza yayin balaga. Mazan mandrils suna da gemu na launin ruwan lemo mai cike da shuɗi, an shirya kayan dutsen tare da alamar farin-shuɗi mai haske. Mace da matasa mutane na gwal suna da launi mai kyau.
Ya kamata a lura cewa maza na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya isa nauyin kilo 54, amma matsakaicin adadi yana ƙasa - 35-36 kg. Mata sun kasance karami, yawanci kimanin kilo 13 a cikin nauyi. Tsawon jikin mace na santimita shine santimita 80, kuma mace kusan 55.
A labarin kasa, an rarraba irin wadannan dabbobin a Yammacin Afirka a yankin Gabon, Kongo da Kudancin Kamaru. Mafi kyawun mandrill yana ji a cikin gandun daji na ruwan sama kuma lokaci-lokaci kawai yana barin su, yana barin savannah.
Abincin Mandrill ya ƙunshi duka shuka da abincin dabbobi. Wadannan birai za su iya cin tsire-tsire fiye da 113 waɗanda suke girma a mazauninsu. Bugu da kari, ƙwayoyin cuta basa kula da cin ciyawar, ciyayi, tururuwa, da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa - ƙwari, mice da sauran baƙin ƙarfe.
Lokaci na aiki a rayuwar rayuwar masifa yana farawa ne daga fitowar rana, kuma da dare birai suna bacci. Suna iya motsawa duka biyu a ƙasa da kuma a cikin bishiyoyi da sauƙin daidaitawa. Hanyoyin da aka fi so don motsawa na dabba suna gudana tare da koguna, don haka mandrills ba za su iya damuwa da kasancewar ruwa don sha ba.
Raurata suna zaune a cikin iyalai, waɗanda sun haɗa da namiji daya da ya manyanta da maza da kuma kimanin mata 10-15, da kuma jariransu. Ana tilasta wa mazan da ba su da mace su zauna dabam tare da danginsu.
A lokutan wahala, alal misali, a lokacin fari, iyalai da yawa sun sami damar haɗin kai don tsira daga mawuyacin matakin tare. Kowane gidan man gwal na da yanki mai tazarar kilomita 50, iyakokin suna alamta ta da birai ta hanyar yin amfani da glandon na musamman tare da sirri mai ƙanshi
Mace na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta suna shirye don haifuwa tuni cikin watanni 39 daga lokacin haihuwa. Ciki na dadewa - kwana 220. A lokaci guda, yanayi mai hankali ya ba jarirai abinci mai wadataccen abinci. Haihuwar su na faruwa ne daga Disamba zuwa Afrilu, lokacin da ake samun abinci mai yawa don uwayensu masu shayarwa.
Raƙƙarfan farji yana da fasalin musamman, godiya ga wanda ya yiwu a ƙayyade balaga na mutum. Wannan aikin yana da abin da ake kira "fata na fata" wanda yake a cikin yanki na farji da dubura. Haske mai launi na wannan sashi - mafi girman matakan kwayoyin halittar jima'i. A cikin farji na mace, girman “fata fata” sashi yana canzawa dangane da ranar zagayowar jima'i.
Matan da ke shan mace mai shan mama suna ciyar da jariransu nono, yayin da dangantakar ofan mahaifiyarta ke kasancewa har zuwa shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Koyaya, har ma da yaran shekaru uku wadanda suka sami abincin rabuwa, har yanzu suna zuwa ga mahaifiyarsu a lokacin bacci.
A yau, an riga an rarrabe mandrill a matsayin jinsin kariya ta musamman. 'Yan adam sun daɗe da lalata jinsunan, kuma barazanar bacewar gabaɗaya daga fuskar duniya har yanzu tana rataye akan sa.
Bayyanar
Man farji suna da gashi mai launin toka mai duhu tare da farin ciki. Fuskokin ba su da gashin fuska; ƙwayoyin mu yana da tsawo. San hanci da lebe suna ja. Fannoni a cikin maza suna da tsawon cm 6.35, kuma cikin mata 1 cm tsayi. Dangane da nauyi, maza sunkai kilo 19 zuwa 37, kuma mace tayi nauyi daga kilo 10 zuwa 15. Raƙaƙƙun maɓarnata ne gajere, tsoka da ƙima a cikin siffar. Suma suna da dogon forelimbs tare da gajeru wutsiya.
Habitat
Manoman suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Suna kuma rayuwa cikin gandun daji na bakin teku, dazuzzukan daji. Koyaya, Mandrills kuma suna rayuwa a cikin ciyawar da ke cikin gandun daji.
Mandrills suna zaune ne a Gabon, Kongo, Kamaru da Equatorial Guinea. Rarraba kogin Mandrill ya dogara da koguna uku da ke tsabtace mahalli. Kogin Sanaga, Kogin Ogove da White River. Bincike ya nuna cewa Mandrills a kudu da arewa na Kogin Ogove ya bambanta da sauran halittu.
Abincin
Mandrils abubuwa ne na omnivores. Suna ciyar da nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa. Suna son cin 'ya'yan itace, fiber, da haushi. Suna kuma cin namomin kaza. Dogayen fango shima ya basu damar zama carnivores. Mandrills suna ciyar da kan kunkuru, kofukai, tsuntsaye da beraye. Hakanan suna ciyar da abinci a cikin iska kamar gizo-gizo, gwoza, kunama da kuma tururuwa.
Halayyar
A ko da yaushe mandrills suna zaune cikin rukunin da ake kira "hordes." Horde na iya kunshi 615 zuwa 845 mandrils. Babbar ƙawancen da aka taɓa gani tana ɗauke da mutane 1300. Maza suna da shi kaɗai kuma suna haɗuwa da horde kawai idan mata suna shirye don dabbar ta hanyar canjin. Hada hannu da horde yana kawai watanni uku a shekara.