Monoclone : "karairayi daya mai ban tsoro"
Lokacin rayuwa: ƙarshen Cretaceous - kusan miliyan 70-65 da suka gabata
Squad: Kaji
Suborder: Hanyoyin kwantar da hankali
Abubuwan gama-gari na likitocin:
- tafiya akan kafafu huɗu
- ci ciyayi
- ƙahoni da ƙasusuwa ƙasusuwa sun kasance suna sawa a kai
- da mucks ƙare tare da baki kamar aku
Bangarori:
tsawon - 3 m
tsayi - 1,5 m
nauyi - 500 kilogiram.
Abinci mai gina jiki: dinosaur herbivorous
Gano: 1914 Kanada
Sunan "monoclone" an fassara shi azaman "masu magana da tsoro". Dinosaur ya sami wannan sunan ne saboda - sabanin sauran dangin sa ceratopsids - suna da kaho guda daya. Baya ga Kakakin, monoclone yana da baki mai kama da beak na aku, kuma abin wuya yana da garkuwa. Abin wuya yana kare mafi rauni wuri - wuya. Jikinsu yayi gajere, yana da sihiri mai zagaye, ya tsaya akan kafaffun kafafu hudu masu ƙarfi. Wutsiyar tana da gajeru. Idanun monoclone suna da zurfi. An shirya hakora a cikin layuka: wannan yana nuna herbivore na dinosaur. Dangane da haɓaka da hanyoyin cizon haƙori, masana kimiyya sun yanke hukunci cewa jajayen sunyi aiki kamar almakashi, yankan ganye cikin ƙananan sassa. Fata na tsoffin dinosaurs suna da kauri, sun hada da filayen da basu da yawa.
Monoclone ya rayu a Arewacin Amurka a farkon Cretaceous. Monoclone ya rayu bayan kaidoji, amma yafi gaban sauran nau'ikan ceratops. Ya kasance mai cin abincin dabbobi mai haifar da al'adun garke. Garkunan dabbobi masu daɗin zaman lafiya sun yi kiwo a bankunan tafkunan, inda ake samun wadataccen abincin da suke buƙata.
An sami mafi cikakkiyar sikandalin monoclonal a cikin 1914 yayin balaguron Tarihin Tarihin Halittar Amurkawa na New York. Ragowar sun kasance a Kanada, Alberta. Wani nau'in monoclone yana da mahimmanci ga ilimin kimiyya saboda wannan ya ba da damar bayyana manufar gabaɗayan ceratops.
Monoclonius
† Monoclonius | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Tsarin kimiyya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Archosauromorphs |
Lantarki: | † Ceratops |
Subfamily: | † Centrifuge |
Jinsi: | † Monoclonius |
shekaru miliyan | Lokaci | Era | Aeon |
---|---|---|---|
2,588 | Ko da | ||
Ka | F da n e R game da s game da th | ||
23,03 | Neogene | ||
66,0 | Paleogen | ||
145,5 | wani alli | M e s game da s game da th | |
199,6 | Yura | ||
251 | Triassic | ||
299 | Permian | P da l e game da s game da th | |
359,2 | Carbon | ||
416 | Devonian | ||
443,7 | Silur | ||
488,3 | Talakawa | ||
542 | Kambrian | ||
4570 | Precambrian |
Monoclonius (lat., a zahiri - tsiro guda ɗaya) asalin halitta ne na dinosaurs na herbivorous daga dangin ceratopsid. An samo ragowar a cikin abubuwan tsufa na zamanin Cretaceous na zamanin (shekaru miliyan 83.6-7.6 da suka gabata), kuma a karon farko a cikin Tsarin Kogin Judith (shekaru 77-75 da suka gabata) na jihar Montana (Amurka).
Tarihin bincike
Farkon kayan da ya ragu Monoclonius Edward Cope da Charles Sternberg ne suka samo su a lokacin zafi na 1876. Burbushin ya ƙunshi kahon hanci mai zurfi 325 mm, wani ɓangare na abin wuya tare da manyan wuraren buɗe ido, da dama, yadudduka da mata biyu, duk waɗannan binciken an yi su ne a wurare daban-daban. Koyaya, kawai a cikin 1889, Cope ya ba da bayanin Monoclonius kamar sabon dinosaur mai ban tsoro tare da ƙaho ɗaya akan hancinsa da murfin murfi tare da ramuka. A cikin 1895, saboda dalilai na kudi, an tilasta Cope ya sayar da mafi yawan tarin kayan sawa zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Baƙin Amurka, tare da sakamakon cewa dukkanin samfurori Monoclonius karɓar lambobi na AMNH. A cikin 1912, Barnum Brown ya samo kwanyar tare da ƙaho mai juyawa (samfurin AMNH 5239), wanda a cikin shekara ta 1914 ya zama ruwan dare.
Tun daga shekara ta 1914, muhawara ta kimiyya game da haɗin gwiwar fara aiki yake farawa Monoclonius da Centrosaurus. A cikin 1933, Richard Sven Lally ya bayyana sabon kwanyar daga Alberta (samfurin AMNH 5341), yana nuna shi ga jinsin. Monoclonius flexus, da kuma wani samfurin kwanyar (CMN 348), a lokaci guda suna renon suna Centrosaurus apertus a Monoclonius apertus. A shekara ta 1937, mai binciken Charles Sternberg a lardin Alberta (Kanada) ya sami cikakken kwanyar cikin Alberta, wanda a yanzu haka shine kadai irinsa. A shekara ta 1940, Ch. M. Sternberg, saboda bin al'adar da aka kafa, ya mai da wasu karin jinsuna biyu dangane da sabon dabaru - Monoclonius lowei (samfurin NMC 8790) da Monoclonius longirostris (samfurin CMN 8795).
A shekara ta 1997, masanin ilimin burbushin halittu dan kasar Canada Scott Samson ya gudanar da bincike kan ilimin halittar dabbobi game da lamuran Montana kuma ya gano cewa asalin aikin holotype Tsarin Monoclonius karami ne [ wanne? ] samfurin sabili da haka yana rasa inganci. Tun 2006, masanin binciken Michael Ryan ya ba da labarin ƙungiyar Monoclonius yi tunani nomen kallium, kuma dukkan jinsuna an san su a matsayin matakai daban daban na haɓaka jinsi ɗaya Centrosaurus apertus (dangane da gaskiyar cewa an samo sassan jikin mutum, amma babu cikakkiyar kwarangwal). Koyaya, Monoclonius har yanzu an dauki shi azaman 'yanci daban-daban, amma an sanya wasu nau'ikan halittu ga wasu halittu, ko kuma ana daukar su daidai da sauran jinsunan halittar. Monoclonius.
Ceratops
Ceratops (a cikin Latin "fusken face") - dinosaurs mai ban tsoro, mai kahon tsinkewa, tare da kaho yana nuna hanci (kuma wani lokacin ba wai kawai ba) da halayyar ƙira na halayyar. Kamar dai yadda wani azzalumi ya mamaye akidar zaki a dabi'ar Mesozoic, kuma sauropod ya mamaye giwa, sai ceratopsops ya fitar da yanayin rhinoceros - herbivore, amma har yanzu mai zafin rai ne, mai zafin rai, yana farawa daga rabin-juya kuma nan da nan yayi saurin zuwa butt. Abin da yakamata ayi: a bayyane, sun kasance kaman haka.
Ya kamata ku sani cewa bisa ga lafazin lafazin Latin, ana sanya lafazin zahiri a cikin kalmar "ceratops" da kuma abubuwan da aka samo asali a kan A. Duk da haka, a cikin harshen Rashanci, yawancin lokaci ana zuwa salo na ƙarshe don dalilan dabi'a - har ma an zargi Nikolai Nikolayevich a cikin dubging "Walk with Dinosaurs". Koyaya, ga alama dai kawai “tsarin halitta” ya zama “na halitta” - da wuya duk wani “tsarin ƙasa” zaiyi kama da na kowa ne.game dazabura. "
Bayanin
An yi imani da cewa monoclonies sun kai 5.5-6 a tsawo tare da nauyin 2-2.3 t. A bayyanar, suna kama da Styracosaurus, Brachyceratops, da Pachyrhinosaurus. Wani fasalin shine kwanyar (tsawon 75-80 cm) tare da babban ƙaho akan hanci, abin wuya na cranial yana da manyan ƙaho mai “ƙugiya” a sashin na sama. Kakakin ƙaramin ƙaho sunyi ƙanƙanuwa kaɗan kuma basu kai girman girma ba. Jaws din ba su iya tauna abinci ba, amma kawai ya dawwama kuma ya dace da nika ciyawar ciyayi. Kafafuwan wannan dinosaur sunyi gajeru da tsoka.
Rayuwa & Yanki
An zauna cikin filayen. Gano abubuwan da suka rage a Kanada ya ba masu bincike damar bayar da shawarar hakan Monoclonius sun kasance garken dabbobi kuma sun yi tafiya cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi. Mun ci ciyawar da ba ta cika lalacewa ba.
Yankin shine yankin jihohin arewa maso yammacin Amurka na yau da kuma lardunan Kanada da ke iyaka da su.