Tekun Japan ƙasa ce mai ban mamaki. Yankin kudurta ya sha bamban da na arewa musamman a yanayin can da yanayin yanayin bakin teku. Duk da cewa Sakhalin da tsibirin Jafananci sun raba teku da teku, hadari yakan yi hadari a nan, yana jin manyan raƙuman ruwa, wanda ke sa Tekun Japan ba su da natsuwa don jigilar kayayyaki. Babu shahararrun wuraren shakatawa a nan, amma wannan tekun yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ga tattalin arziki da cinikin ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da Rasha.
1. Girgizar iska da guguwar iska suna wuce saman Tekun Japan. Musamman ma adadinsu yana da yawa a cikin kaka.
2. Ruwa na tsawon mita goma ba tsayi ba ne, kuma a lokacin musamman hadari mai karfin gaske tsayin su na iya zama ma fi girma.
3. Yankin arewa na Tekun Japan a lokacin hunturu yawanci yakanyi sanyi sannan ya zama kankara.
4. Tekun Japan yana da sunaye da yawa. Don haka, mazaunan Koriya ta Kudu suna kiranta Tekun Gabas, kuma a cikin DPRK ana kiranta Tekun Gabas ta Tsakiya. Taswirar kasashe da yawa a lokaci guda suna nuna sunaye na farko.
5. Wasu mazaunan ruwa a cikin Tekun Japan suna ƙaura zuwa ɓangarenta mafi zafi a kudu don hunturu.
6. Daga cikin dukkan tekuna da ke wanke Rasha, Japan ce wacce ita ce mafi arziki dangane da yawan halittun da suke rayuwa a ciki.
7. Daga nau'ikan kifaye ɗari tara. suna zaune a Tekun Japan, kusan ɗari biyu suna kamun kifi.
8.Also, wani nau'in kifayen sharks biyu suna zaune a Tekun Japan. Abin farin ciki, babu ɗayansu da ke haɗarin haɗari ga mutum ba. Amma akwai ƙananan ƙananan jellyfish waɗanda zasu iya kashewa tare da taɓa taɓa fata.
Geography da labarin kasa
An kafa Tekun Japan a yayin orogenesis akan yankin tarin tsibirin Japan na Miocene.
A halin yanzu, Tekun Japan ya iyakance ga babban yankin Rasha da tsibirin Sakhalin a arewa, Koriya ta kudu a yamma da tsibirin Japan na Hokkaido, Honshu da Kyushu a gabas da kudu. Yana da alaƙa da sauran tekuna ta hanyar biyar: Tatar Strait tsakanin yankin Asiya da Sakhalin, Laperouse Strait tsakanin Sakhalin da Hokkaido, Tsugaru Strait tsakanin Hokkaido da Honshu, Hanya ta Kangmon tsakanin Honshu da Kyushu, da Titin Koriya tsakanin Tsarin Koriya da Kyushu.
Tsarin Korea ya ƙunshi Yammacin Tashar da Tsushima Strait a ɓangaren Tsibirin Tsushima. Hanyoyi da aka kafa a cikin recentan zamani na zamani. Wadanda suka fi tsufa sune Tsugaru da Tsushima. Sabon abu shine Laperouse Strait, wanda aka kirkira kimanin shekaru 60,000-11,000 da suka gabata. Dukkanin matakai ba su da zurfi sosai tare da matsakaicin zurfin game da mita 100 ko lessasa da. Wannan ya hana musayar ruwa tare da teku, ta haka ya keɓance Tekun Japan daga tekun da ke kusa da ita.
Teku ya kasu gida uku: Yamatoin kudu maso gabas, Yankin Japan a arewaci da kuma kwari Tsushima (Ullung bas) a kudu maso yamma Yankin Japan ya fito ne daga tekun, kuma shi ne zurfin teku, yayin da kwandunan Tsushima shine matattara, tare da zurfin da ke ƙasa 2300 m. Gidajen yamma na tekun suna da fadi a gaɓar gabas, amma a gabar yamma, musamman gefen tekun Koriya, ba ta daɗewa, tana da kusan kilomita 30.
A cikin arewacin yankin akwai rafuka daban daban na yanki guda uku (sama da 44 ° N). Sun samar da matakai dan kadan karkata zuwa kudu, kuma nutsar da bi a zurfin 900-100, 1700-2000 da 2300-2600 m. Mataki na ƙarshe yana saukarwa da zurfi zuwa zurfin mil 3,500 zuwa tsakiyar (zurfi) ɓangaren teku. Ofasan wannan ɓangaren yana daɗaɗɗen falo, amma yana da plateaus da yawa. Bugu da kari, rakuman ruwan karkashin ruwa sun haura m 3,500 m; yana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu zuwa tsakiyar tsakiyar yankin.
Yankin gabar tekun Japan da ke gabar teku ya hada da dutsen Okudziri, Sado ridge, bankunan Hakusan, dutsen Wakas da kuma Oka. Yamato Ridge asalin asalin yanki ne kuma ya ƙunshi dutse, rhyolite, andesite da basalt. Itsarsashinta mara iyaka yana lullube da ƙafafun dutsen mai ba da wuta. Yawancin sauran bangarorin na teku suna asalin asalin teku. Ruwan teku mai zurfin har zuwa 300 m yanki ne a cikin yanayi kuma an rufe shi da cakuda laka, yashi, tsakuwa da gwanayen dutse. Abun da ke tsakanin 300 zuwa 800 m ya mamaye abubuwan da ke tattare da cutar haemopelagic (wato asalin asalin teku); waɗannan tasirin sun kunshi laka mai launin shuɗi a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Pelagic ajiya na jan laka sun mamaye wurare masu zurfi.
Babu manyan tsibiri a cikin teku. Yawancin ƙananan onesan ƙananan suna kusa da gabar gabashin teku, ban da Ullyndo (Koriya ta Kudu). Yawancin tsibiran tsibiran sune: Moneron, Rebun, Risiri, Okushiri, Oshima, Sado, Okinoshima, Askold, Rashanci, Putyatin. Hanyoyin tekun suna da faɗi madaidaiciya kuma ba su da manyan hanyoyin biya ko filaye, siffofin bakin teku suna da sauƙi kusa da Sakhalin kuma mafi yawan iska a tsibirin Japan.
Bays mafi girma: Peter the Great Bay, Sovetskaya Gavan, Vladimir Bay, Olga, Posyet Bay a Rasha, Gabashin Korea ta Arewa a Koriya ta Arewa, Ishikari (Hokkaido), Toyama (Honshu) da Wakasa (Honshu) a Japan. Manyan shugabannin sun hada da Lazarev, Gromov, Russia, Krillon akan Sakhalin, Nosappu, Tappi, Rebun, Rwarin, Okushiri, Daso da Oka a Japan, da Musa Dan na Koriya ta Arewa.
Yayin da matakin teku na duniya ya ragu a farkon lokacin da yake kankara, yanayin fitowar Tekun Japan ya bushe ya rufe daya bayan daya. Mafi zurfi kuma, saboda haka, ƙarshen rufe shine tashar tashar yamma ta Korea Strait. Akwai muhawara game da ko hakan ta faru ko a'a, juya Tekun Japan zuwa wani yanki mai zurfin ruwan sanyi.
Sauyin yanayi
Yanayin Teku na Japan ya kasance mai sauƙin yanayi, iska. Yankunan arewa da yammacin teku sun fi sanyi a kudu da gabas. A cikin watanni masu sanyi (Janairu - Fabrairu), matsakaicin iska mai zafi a arewacin arewacin teku shine kimanin −20 ° C, kuma a kudu kusan +5 ° C. Ruwan bazara na kawo iska mai daɗi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na watan da ya fi zafi (Agusta) a cikin arewacin shine kusan +15 ° C, a yankuna na kudanci kimanin +25 ° C. A cikin damina, yawan hadarin iska da iska ke haddasawa yana ƙaruwa. Girgizan ruwa mafi girma yana da tsawo na 8-10 m, kuma tare da typhoons matsakaicin raƙuman ruwa ya kai tsayin 13 m.
Yanayi
Raunin da ke saman ƙasa ya zama da'ira wanda ya ƙunshi dumi Tsushima na yanzu a gabas da kuma sanyi Primorsky a yamma. A cikin hunturu, zazzabi ruwa mai zurfi daga –1-0 ° C a arewa da arewa maso yamma ya tashi zuwa + 10- + 14 ° C a kudu da kudu maso gabas. Ruwan bazara na bazuwa ya haifar da hauhawar yanayin zafin ruwa a cikin teku baki daya. A lokacin bazara, zazzabi ruwan saman ya tashi daga 18-20 ° C a arewa kuma har zuwa 25-7 ° C a kudu na tekun. Tsarin zazzabi a tsaye ba iri daya bane a cikin yanayi daban-daban a yankuna daban daban na teku. A lokacin rani, a arewacin yankuna na teku, zazzabi na 18-10 ° C ya tsaya a cikin wani Layer na 10-15 m, to, ya saukar da sharudda sosai zuwa +4 ° C a sararin sama na 50 m kuma, fara daga zurfin na 250 m, zafin jiki ya kasance kullun kusan +1 ° C. A cikin tsakiya da kuma sassan teku na teku, zazzabi ruwa ya ragu sosai tare da zurfin ciki kuma ya kai +6 ° C a sararin sama na 200 m, yana farawa daga zurfin 250 m, zafin jiki yana riƙe da 0 ° C.
The tides
Abubuwan da ke cikin Tekun Jafan an bayyana su da kyau, zuwa mafi girma ko ƙarami digiri, a cikin yankuna daban-daban. Ana ganin mafi girman matakan ratsa jiki a cikin matsanancin yankuna na arewa da matsanancin kudu. Canjin yanayi na lokacin bazara yana faruwa a lokaci daya a duk faɗin tekun; ana ganin matsakaicin matakin hauhawar bazara.
Murfin Ice
Dangane da yanayin kankara, Za'a iya raba Tekun Japan zuwa yankuna uku: Tatar Strait, wani yanki kusa da gabar Primorye daga Cape Povorotny zuwa Cape Belkin da Peter Great Bay. A cikin hunturu, ana lura da kankara koyaushe a cikin Tatar Strait da Peter the Great Bay, a cikin ragowar ruwa, in banda rufewar hanyoyi da biyun a arewa maso yamma na teku, ba koyaushe ake yin tsari ba. Yankin da ya fi sanyi shi ne Tatar Strait, inda a cikin hunturu sama da 90% na duk kankara da aka gani kuma aka sanya su a ciki. Dangane da bayanan lokaci mai tsawo, tsawon lokacin tare da kankara a cikin Peter Great Bay shine kwanaki 120, kuma a cikin Tatar Strait - daga kwanaki 40-80 a kudanci yankin, har zuwa kwanaki 140-170 a cikin arewacin yankin.
Farkon bayyanar kankara na faruwa ne a saman dunkule da ledoji, ana kare su daga iska, raƙuman ruwa da samun farar ƙasa. A cikin masu sanyi a cikin Peter the Great Bay, an kafa kankara ta farko a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Nuwamba, kuma a cikin Tatar Strait, a saman Sovetskaya Gavan, Chikhacheva da Nevelsky Strait, ana ganin alamun kankara na farko a farkon Nuwamba. Farawar kankara a farkon Peter the Great Bay (Amur Bay) yana faruwa a farkon Nuwamba, a cikin Tatar Strait - a cikin rabin na biyu na Oktoba. Late - a ƙarshen Nuwamba. A farkon Disamba, ci gaban murfin kankara a gefen gabar tsibirin Sakhalin ya fi sauri kusa da gabar tekun ƙasa. Saboda haka, a gabashin Tatar Strait a wannan lokacin akwai kankara fiye da na yamma. A ƙarshen Disamba, adadin kankara a gabas da yamma ya daidaita, kuma bayan ya isa kan layi ɗaya zuwa Cape Surkum, yanayin gefen ya canza: ƙaura zuwa gabar Sakhalin yana raguwa, kuma a kan babban yankin an kunna shi.
A cikin Tekun Japan, murfin kankara ya kai matsayin ci gaba a tsakiyar watan Fabrairu. Matsakaicin, 52% na Tatar Strait da 56% na Peter Great Great suna rufe kankara.
Narke kankara yana farawa a farkon rabin Maris. A tsakiyar watan Maris, ruwan Peter Peter Great na Bahar Rum da kuma gaɓar teku gaba ɗaya zuwa Cape Zolotoy an share kankara. Yankin murfin kankara da ke cikin Tatar Strait ya koma arewa-yamma, kuma a gabashin yankin da yadudduka kankara an share shi a lokacin. Tsabtace farkon teku daga kankara yana faruwa a shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu, daga baya - a ƙarshen Mayu - farkon watan Yuni.
Flora da fauna
Duniyar da ke cikin arewacin arewacin da kuma yankuna na Tekun Japan sun sha bamban sosai. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi na arewa da arewa maso yamma, an kafa flora da fauna na latitude, sannan kuma a kudancin tekun, kudu da Vladivostok, wani kamfani mai cike da ruwa ya shahara. A gefen tekun gabas na Gabas, cakuda wani ɗumi-ɗumi mai ɗumi da ɗumi. Anan zaka iya samun octopuses da squids - wakilan wakilan tekuna masu dumi. A lokaci guda, ganuwar tsaye a rufe da anemones teku, lambunan kelp - kelp - duk wannan yana kama da shimfidar wurare na Farin Fari da Barents. A cikin Tekun Japan, akwai wadatar katako mai yawa da ambaliyar ruwan teku, da launuka daban-daban da girma dabam, akwai ophiuras, shrimps, ƙananan dunƙulen (Ana samun dutsen Kamchatka anan kawai a watan Mayu, sannan kuma sun ci gaba zuwa cikin teku). A kan duwatsu da duwatsun suna rayuwa mai haske ascidia. Daga cikin mollusks, scallops sun fi yawa. Daga cikin kifayen, karnukan teku, ruffs na teku, pollock, flounder, sim, salmon chum sau da yawa ana samun su.
Nishadi da yawon shakatawa
Tun daga shekarun 1990s, Tekun Tekun Japan a bakin tekun Primorye ya fara samun bunkasuwa ta hanyar masu yawon bude ido na gida da kuma masu yawon bude ido. Thearfafawar ya kasance irin waɗannan abubuwan kamar sokewa ko sauƙaƙe ziyartar yankin kan iyaka, karuwar farashin safarar fasinjoji a kewayen ƙasar, wanda ya sanya hutu a Gabashin Gabas a tekun Bahar Maliya ya yi tsada sosai, tare da ƙara yawan motocin sirri waɗanda suka sa bakin tekun Primorye ya sami damar zama ga mazaunan Khabarovsk da yankin Amur.
Matsayin doka na kasa da kasa
Dangane da Sashe na 122 na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da dokar Teku, Tekun Japan teku ce da aka rufe ta. Mataki na 123 na Yarjejeniyar ta tanadi wajibcin kasashe su bayar da hadin kai da gudanar da ayyukanta a cikin tafiyar da albarkatun ruwan, amma, saboda rikici tsakanin DPRK, Jamhuriyar Korea da Japan, ba a daidaita aiki a halin yanzu.
Tambaya na ambaton teku
A Koriya ta Kudu, ana kiran Tekun Japan "Tekun Gabas" (cor. 동해), kuma a Arewa - Kogin Gabashin Korea (kor. 조선 동해). Bangaren Koriya ya yi iƙirarin cewa, Masarautar Jafan ta sanya sunan "Tekun Japan" a kan al'umman duniya, saboda a cikin 1910-1945 Koriya ta mamaye kuma gwamnati ba ta iya yin magana a lokacin buga bugun "Iyakokin teku da tekuna, ”Ba a la'akari da ra'ayin Koriya ba.
A halin yanzu, Koriya ba ta nace a kan wani nau'in sunan "Gabas ta Tsakiya" ba, amma kawai ta ba da shawarar cewa masu buga katin suna amfani da sunayen biyu a layi daya har sai an warware takaddama. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa yawan ƙasashe masu amfani da sunaye biyu akan taswirar su a lokaci guda suna ƙaruwa koyaushe.
Japaneseangaren Jafananci, bi da bi, ya nuna cewa ana samun sunan "Tekun Japan" akan yawancin taswira kuma ana karɓar gabaɗaya, kuma ya nace kan amfani da sunan "Tekun Japan".
Muhimman bayanai game da Tekun Japan
- Tekun Japan ya shahara yanayin yanayin yanayin da ake cikisaboda haka ana ganin yana da haɗari. Sau da yawa raƙuman ruwa suna kai tsayin mita 10, kuma a lokacin tsawan iska mai ƙarfi suna da girma sosai.
- Tunda ruwansa yana wankewa daga gabar jihohi da yawa, sunan ta tekun ba iri ɗaya bane. A Koriya ta Kudu, ana kiranta Gabas, kuma mazaunan DPRK suna kira shi Gabas ta Koriya. Ga Rasha, a zahiri Jafananci ne. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana nuna sunaye 2 akan taswira.
- Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, yankin arewacin yankin an rufe shi da kankara a cikin hunturu, wanda yake da matukar mamaki ga masu yawon bude ido. Lallai, rabin yankinsa bai kasance mai daskarewa ba saboda yanayin zafin ruwan. Ice ya narke kawai a tsakiyar watan Yuni.
- Duk tsawon shekara, saman ruwa ya shuɗe iska mai ƙarfi da guguwa. Amma musamman sau da yawa wannan yanayin halitta yana kai hari a cikin kaka.
- Ba kamar sauran tekuna ba, salinity yana ƙasa da matsakaici. Wannan ya ba da izinin kwandon tekun Pacific ya samar da ɗimbin mazaunan wurin da ciyayi na cikin ruwa.
- A kan iyakar tekun Rasha a lokacin bazara bude bakin rairayin bakin teku masuinda mazauna garin ke farin cikin annashuwa. Amma, abin takaici, an taƙaita ɗan gajeren lokaci don lokacin iyo
- An san cewa a cikin zurfin sama da 250 m yanayin ruwa baya tashi sama 0.
- Daga Tekun Japan, zaku iya fita zuwa Tekun Pacific ta fuskoki 4: Sangariyya, Nevelsky, Yaren Koriya da Larepuza.
- Ruwan kogunan tuddai da yawa ana sa su shiga cikin sa, kuma a cikin shekarar jimlar kogin yana gudana fiye da mita 200 mai siffar sukari.
- An yarda da yin musayar ruwa tsakanin Tekun Gabas da tekun Pacific kawai a cikin babban yadudduka na ruwa. A cikin zurfin zurfafa, wannan ba zai yiwu ba saboda ƙananan yanayin zafi.
- Duk da damar da za ta shakata a bakin teku a lokacin bazara, yanayin a cikin watannin da ke da ɗumi a wannan yanki shine m da kuma hadari. Kuma da yawaita zafi sosai.
- Tekun Gabas mai nisa da Kogin Japan ya Shaƙata zinari, azur, tin da tungsten. Ana hakar ma'adanai da yawa a wannan yankin mai wadata.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da duniyar ruwa na Tekun Japan
- Daga cikin dukkan tekuna da ke gabar tekun Rasha, ana ɗaukar Jafanawa a matsayin mafi arziki da adadin halittu iri da tsire-tsire da ke rayuwa a ciki.
- Ana samo shi anan sama da 900 nau'in kifaye da Fiye da nau'in kifayen kifaye 10. Kimanin nau'ikan mutane 200 suna ƙarƙashin kamun kifi.
- A lokacin sanyi, wasu nau'in kifaye suna zuwa hunturu a ƙarshen kwari, wanda yafi dacewa kuma ya fi dacewa da su.
- Duk da kasancewar nau'ikan kifayen kifayen da ke cikin wannan ruwa, don mutane suke ka da a yi wani barazana. Haɗarin haɗari na musamman an wakilta shi da ƙananan jellyfish, taɓawa wanda akan fata na manya zai iya zama mai mutuwa.
- Don wani lokaci a cikin East East an dakatar shaƙa. Amma yanzu da yawa nau'in kifayen kifi, seals har ma da dabbar dolphin suna zaune a cikin ruwan. Consideredaƙƙarfan Whales, kisa whales da maniyyi Whales ana ɗauka ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran mutane.
- Hakanan yana rayuwa a nan adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan molluskswaɗanda suke aiki azaman tsoffin matatun ruwa. Suna iya jure yanayin hunturu cikin sauƙi kuma sun sami damar girma har zuwa cm 70 a tsayi.
- Ana taka rawar gani da yawa budurwa a cikin ruwayen teku. Bayan duk wannan, ba wai kawai dalilin kamun kifi bane, har ma da abinci mai amfani ga kifin kansu da sauran mazauna. Suna da matukar tasiri, duk da rashin motsi na su, kuma wannan yana kubutar dasu daga kauda kai gaba daya. Wani lokacin amfaninsu a abinci na iya zama haɗari. Idan suna zaune a cikin yankuna masu wahala, to, dukkan gurbatattun iska na mollusks suna ratsa kansu. Don haka, ya fi kyau a fara gano mazauninsu.
- Shrimp da ke zaune a Tekun Japan sun iya girma har zuwa 18 cm, kuma yawansu ba iyaka. Hakanan a cikin waɗannan rafuffuka suna zaune a cikin tekuna na tekun - suna da amfani sosai ga dabbobi masu ruwa iri-iri waɗanda ke yin amfani da su sosai a magani da kuma maganin kwaskwarima.
- Waɗannan ruwan suna da wadatar ba wai kawai a cikin abubuwa masu rai ba, har ma iri iri. Algae kadai yana da nau'ikan sama da 220, kuma shahararrun nau'in sune kelp. An yi amfani da dogon lokaci ba kawai don dafa abinci ba, har ma a cikin kayan shafawa. A wasu wuraren an riga an girma a tsire.
Kamar yadda ya juya, Tekun Japan babban batun bincike ne da lura dashi. Ya juya cewa ba kawai wanda ba a iya faɗi ba, amma har ma yana da wadata sosai dangane da mazaunan duniyar ruwa, idan aka kwatanta da Bahar Maliya. Abubuwan arzikinsa suna da yawa-sosai, amma har yanzu ana fuskantar matsalar matsalar muhalli. Duk da gaskiyar cewa waɗannan yankuna basu dace da balaguro kan hutu ba, kowane matafiyi ya kamata ya ziyarce su har ya ga kyawawan wurare na Primorsky Territory kuma yana jin ƙarfin da ba za a iya bayyanawa ba.