Hawkin Afirka Hawk, ko Polybore na Afirka (Polyboroides typus) Yankin Yankin Saharan: daga Senegal gabas zuwa Sudan, Eritrea da Habasha da kudu zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa, kodayake wani lokacin yana yin ƙaura. Tsarin wata na Afirka na zaune a cikin gandun daji, savannas katako, da tsire-tsire. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ya zauna a gefuna na daji, sharewa, kusa da koguna ko kwari, yakan hau tsayin 3000 m sama da matakin teku. Ana iya ganin wannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ke cin ganyayyaki a cikin ƙasa mai tsiro, tsiron bishiyar eucalyptus, da tsire-tsire na kwakwa. Yawancin lokaci suna zaune a cikin dabbobin daji masu girma a cikin birane.
Bayyanar
Tsayin jiki african waton ya kai cm 50-65, nauyi daga 500 zuwa 900 g. Shugaban da kirjin wannan tsuntsu mai launin toka ne, ciki ya yi haske tare da kananan rabe-rabe masu duhu, manyan fuka-fukai suna da launin toka, baki a gefuna. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce da farar fata mai launi iri ɗaya. Fuska tsirara ce, galibi launin rawaya ko launin ja. Maza da mata suna kama da juna, amma tsuntsayen samari suna da launin ruwan kasa baki ɗaya.
Farauta da abinci mai gina jiki
Theaukar moonan fari na Afirka ba ta da tabbas, tana tashi da haushi ba da daɗewa ba, saboda haka ya fi son farauta ba gudu ba, amma a rawanin bishiyoyi da shukoki. Kansa kadan da tsawo, matsanancin madaidaitan hannu yana bashi damar bincika bangarorin da aka rufe su a cikin manyan hanyoyin bishiyoyi da gindin itacen da ya fadi a bayan akwati. Wannan tsuntsu mai cin naman alade yana cin abinci masu sa maye, kwaɗi na bishiyoyi, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (gami da jemagu), tsuntsayen, ƙwayayensu da kajinsu, manyan kwari da gizo-gizo, wani lokacin yakan ci ƙananan kifaye da ɓoye. Nauyin paws yana bawa wannan maharbin damar fitar da kwai da kajin harma daga cikin kusoshin ƙusoshin na Afirka. A Yammacin Afirka, abincin da aka fi so don shayarwar wata shine 'ya'yan itacen dabino na mai.
Ya danganta da abun, wannan maharbin yana amfani da hanyoyin farauta. Yana iya hauhawa a hankali, yana zagaye da manyan fuka-fukan, farauta daga kan dutsen ko yin sintiri a wuraren da za'a sami farauta. Gwanin wata yana bincika bishiyoyi, duwatsu da filayen gidaje, yana kai farmaki kan mazauna gandun daji. Har ma yana iya hawa kan dogayen bishiya, yana amfani da fuka-fuki don tallafa masa. Duk da nauyinta mai sauƙi, hawan wata na Afirka yana da ban mamaki da ban mamaki kuma yana iya manne wa mazaunin saƙa, yana mai da kansa ƙasa.
Kiwo
Lokacin kiwo african waton ya dogara da mazauni. Ya shirya karamin gida a kambi na itace a tsayin 10-20 m sama da kasa ko a karkashin wata katuwar dutse daga rassan kuma an yi layi da ganyayyaki kore wanda ya sa, farawa daga lokacin shiryawa (kwanaki 30-35) har kajin na barin (kimanin kwanaki 45-55). A cikin ɓoye akwai 1-3 (yawanci 2) cream, ƙumshi mai gani sosai. Duk iyayen sun saka qwai (a wannan lokacin suna da sirri da sakakkiya sosai), amma har yanzu mace tana yin ƙarin lokaci a cikin gida. Wani tsohuwar tsutsa tana yawan kashe karaminta, saboda haka wasu yan uwan wata wata na Afirka sukan ciyar da karen daya kacal. Tsuntsayen da basu gajarta launuka ne masu launin launin ruwan kasa, kakin zuma mai ruwan shuɗi. A shekara ta 2 da 3, 'yan matan tsuntsaye sukan maye gurbinsu da launin ruwan kasa mai launin fari da ratsin fari-baki a ciki da kwatangwalo tare da murfin gashin tsuntsu launin shuɗi.
(Kwayoyin cutar Polyboroides)
An bazu ko'ina cikin yankin Saharar Afrika: daga Senegal gabas zuwa Sudan, Eritrea da Habasha da kuma kudu zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa, kodayake wani lokacin yana yin ƙaura. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji, savannas wooded, woodbery, galibi ana samunsa kusa da tsire-tsire. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ya zauna a gefunan daji, sharewa, kusa da koguna ko kwari. Yana zaune a nisan mil 3000 daga saman teku.
Tsawon jiki shine 50-65 cm, tsawon reshe na 37–48 cm, nauyi 500-900 g. Shugaban da kirji suna launin toka, ciki haske ne da kananan duhu, fikafikan fuka-fukai ne launin toka, baki a gefuna. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce da farar fata mai launi iri ɗaya. Fuska tsirara ce, galibi launin rawaya ko launin ja. Maza da mata suna kama da juna, amma tsuntsayen samari suna da launin ruwan kasa baki ɗaya.
Aukar moonan fari na Afirka ba ta da tabbas, tana tashi da hauka ba tare da jinkiri ba, saboda haka ya fi son farauta ba gudu ba, amma a rawanin bishiyoyi da shukoki. Kansa kadan da tsawo, matattakala masu amfani da wayar hannu suna bashi damar bincika bangarorin da suka fi samun kariya a cikin manyan hanyoyin bishiyoyi da gindin bishiyar da ta ragu a bayan akwati. Yana ciyarwa a kan ƙeƙasassun dabbobi, kwaɗar bishiya, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (gami da jemagu), tsuntsaye, ƙwayayensu da kajinsu, ƙwararrun kwari da gizo-gizo. Wani lokacin zai iya cin ƙananan kifaye da kaya. Nauyin paws yana bawa wannan maharbin damar fitar da kwai da kajin harma daga cikin kusoshin ƙusoshin na Afirka. A Yammacin Afirka, abincin da aka fi so da shi shine ɗan itacen dabino.
Lokacin kiwo ya dogara da mazaunin mazauni. Smallan ƙaramin gida a kambi na itacen ko a ƙarƙashin wata rufin dutse daga rassan kuma an yi layi tare da ganyen ganye, wanda yake sawa, yana farawa daga lokacin shiryawa (kwanaki 30-35) har zuwa tashiwar kajin (kamar kwana 60). A cikin kama 1-3 (mafi yawa 2) cream, ƙyannun bakin hatsi mai yawa. Dukansu iyayen suna sakawa (a wannan lokacin suna da sirri sosai da kulawa).
Bayanin
Masu farauta na yau da kullun tare da bayyanar gaggafa, buzzard, kite, shaho, wuya, tare da bambancin halayen halayyar ɗan adam mai fasalin yanayin rayuwa. Girman abubuwa sun bambanta sosai.
Musclesarar muryoyin suna da kyau sosai, shaho na iya yin sautuka iri-iri, yawanci na lokaci mai tsayi, a bayyane yake a nesa mai nisa.
An matse baki a kaikaice, bakin beak na sama kusa da gwaggon biri ya sunkuya sosai, gindi a kai tsaye.
Idanun suna da girma (kamar 1% na nauyin jikin mutum), an nuna shi a gaba, wanda ke samar da babban fagen hangen nesa na binocular. Visu acuity na gani ya wuce mutum sau 8.
Umwaya yana da wuya, fuka-fukan da aka zana tare da ingantaccen sashin ƙasa da ginin gefe.
Kusan dukkan nau'ikan dabbobi ne masu cin nama. Banda shi ne ugo na Afirka, ko ciyawar kwarkwata (Gypohierax angolensis) yafi cin 'ya'yan itacen dabino da dama. Yawancin nau'ikan sun kware. Entomophages sune gwoza, ƙaramin hazo da ƙanƙan ƙanƙara, ichthyophages - gaggafa, myophages - buzzards da yawa, "haske" wata, gaggafa, turɓaya, ganyayyaki - macizan cizon sauro da gaggafa, ornithophages - manyan shaho, da cizon marsh. Amma mafi yawancin su ne polyphages tare da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki. Hanyoyin ciyarwa sun bambanta.
Sharan abincin da ba a san shi ba - kasusuwa, ulu, gashinsa, chitin - su fito a matsayin tsintsayen.
Rarrabawa
Dukkanin shaho sun kasu kashi biyu ƙarƙashin ƙasa, akasarinsu bisa tsarin halaye ne. Koyaya, wasu taxa a cikin waɗannan rukunin sun ɓace da girma daga mafi yawa, kuma duk da haka sun ci gaba da kasancewa matsayin su na yanzu, tunda sun fi kusa da waɗannan rukunoni. Phylogenesis da taxonomy na shaho sune batun muhawarar kimiyya.
Dangane da Unionungiyar Internationalasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi, dangin sun haɗa da janareta 70, waɗanda suke cikin ƙananan ƙasashe na 14:
Alamomin waje na Afirka na Hawk
Hawan wata a Afirka yana da girman kusan cm 65 da fikafiti mai nauyin 118 zuwa 152. Girman jikin mutum shine gram 635 - 950.
Wannan wani babban tsuntsu ne wanda yake ganima, wanda halayensa na waje zasu iya gane shi. Mace da namiji iri ɗaya ne, amma mace tana da girma cikin 3% a jikin mutum kuma 26% tana da nauyi.
Hawan wata na Afirka
Shahararren wata duniyar Afirka mafi yawanci launin toka ne. A cikin murfin gashin tsuntsu, baƙaƙe baƙaƙe na siffar maras kyau, waɗanda aka fi lura da mace. Akwai gashin fuka-fukai tare da ƙarewar baki da bakin farin bakin ciki. Wutsiyar launin toka ce. A fuskar, fatar fata mai launin shuɗi ce. Lokacin da tsuntsu yaji dadi, sai ya zama ja. A cikin balaguron wata na Afirka, iris duhu ne mai launin ruwan kasa. Aljihu suna rawaya.
Umwaya cikin tsuntsayen samari a saman shine launin ruwan kasa mai duhu launin shuɗi tare da fadakarwa mai duhu.
Fata na fuskar yana da launin toka mai launin fata. Launin da ke ƙasa ya bambanta, zai iya zama duhu daga ƙasa, tare da ratsi na bakin ciki, fararen fararen fata akan kirji da kuma huhun ja da bakin ciki. A ƙasa, launi yana canzawa, ya zama ja tare da alamu a cikin nau'i na ratsi mai duhu akan kirji da raga mai duhu ko ratsin ja akan ciki. Bambance-bambancen ɗaiɗaikun mutane ke da muhimmanci.
Tsuntsayen yara, ba kamar tsofaffi ba, suna da kakin zuma mai launin shuɗi. Canjin zuwa launi na rushewa, kamar yadda yake a cikin tsuntsayen manya na inuwa mai launin toka, saboda molting. A shekara ta 2 da 3, 'yan matan tsuntsaye sukan maye gurbinsu da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi tare da fararen fata - baƙar fata a ciki da kwatangwalo tare da murfin gashin tsuntsu launin shuɗi.
Shahararren wata duniyar Afirka mafi yawanci launin toka ne
Hawayen Habasha na Afirka
Hawayen wata a Afirka sun zauna a wurare daban daban. An samo su a cikin gandun daji a kan gefuna rigar gida da sharewa. Hakanan suna zaune a cikin tsibiran savannah, cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka masu kwari, tare da tsaunukan tsaunuka, a cikin gandun daji na kankara wanda ke gefen bankunan koguna.
Ana lura da wannan nau'in tsuntsayen dabbobi a cikin ƙasa mai tsiro, tsiron eucalyptus da tsire-tsire na kwakwa. Sun zauna a cikin itacen dabbobin daji da ke girma a cikin birni. Su kuma suna zaune ne a cikin daɓar ƙayayuwa da ke kusa da kogin. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, bayyana a cikin kwari mai zurfi kusa da hamada. Hawan wata a Afirka ya tashi daga matakin teku zuwa tsauni zuwa tsawan tsawan mita 3000.
Tsarin Wata na Hawwa na Afirka
Hawan wata a wata daga Afirka ya bazu zuwa kudu da hamadar Sahara. Gidajen su ya mamaye dukkan yankuna daga Kudancin Mauritania zuwa Cape na Kyakkyawan Fata, ban da yankunan hamada na Namibia da Botswana. Yana faruwa a gabashin Sudan, Equatorial Guinea, a yammacin Zaire zuwa kudancin Angola.
A kan wannan fili mai girman murabba'in kilomita miliyan 14, ana ba da sanarwar hukumomi biyu:
- P. t. ana rarraba typus a cikin Sudan da Habasha - a Gabashin Afirka, a Zaire zuwa Afirka ta Kudu.
- P. t. Ana samun pectoralis a Yammacin Afirka.
Siffofin halayyar duniyar wata
Hawayen wata na Afirka suna zaune shi kaɗai ko kuma nau'i-nau'i.
Dukkanin tashi-tsaye na maza suna da halayyar gaske. Suna yin jirgin sama mai motsi a cikin jinkirin motsi tare da fuka-fukan flapping, sannan kuma suyi ɗan gajeren zuriya zuwa ƙasa. Idan mace ta bayyana kusa, namiji zai iya zuwa wajenta. A lokacin fata tsirara na fuskar, namiji ya juya ja sosai, sannan kuma da sauri ya zama mai launin toka. Hakanan, hadaddiyar fata na canzawa lokacin da aka sami tsuntsayen biyu kusa da gida.
Ciyarwar wata na Afirka
Abincin mazaunan Afirka na wata yana bambanta sosai dangane da yankin da ake zaune. A Yammacin Afirka, suna cin abinci kaɗan, masu shayarwar dabbobi, dabbobi masu shayar da dabbobi da ƙananan kwari. A Gabashin Afirka da Kudancin Afrika, tsuntsaye, ƙwai, sune tushen ciyar da zuriya. Kari akan haka, suna cin dabbobi masu shayarwa, jemagu, cavernicoles, lizards, amphibians, kifi, suna kama ganima kowane irin nau'in dabbobi da suka same shi.
A Yammacin Afirka, yankin farautar mahaukatan wata na Afirka na iya kaiwa kadada 140 ko 150. Maharbin wanda aka yiwa gashin tsuntsu yana amfani da hanyoyi daban daban na farauta ya danganta da nau'in abincin da ya farauto. Yana iya hauhawa a hankali, yana zagaye da manyan fuka-fukan, farauta daga kan dutsen ko yin sintiri a wuraren da za'a sami farauta. Suna bincika bishiyoyi, dutsen da filayen ginin gidaje, suna kai farmaki kan mazauna gandun dawa. Kuma a ƙasa, shagulgulan wata a Afirka a hankali suna bincika duk ƙaramin sashin gandun daji. Suna iya hawa dutsen bishiyun bishiya, suna amfani da fikafikansu don tallafi.
Wannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ke jikinsu yana da mahimmancin daidaitawa don ingantaccen farauta:
- karamin kai wanda zai matsi cikin rata,
- paws, abin mamaki mai canzawa, yana baka damar kama tsuntsaye ko kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma ka fitar da matsugunansu.
Duk da nauyinta mai sauƙi, ƙwanƙolin wata na Afirka yana da ban mamaki mai ban mamaki, kuma yana da ikon jingina da kansa a cikin tisserin gida yayin riƙe kansa da ƙasa.
Asalin wata na Afirka - mai ɓarna sosai
Matsayin Ma'aikaci na Tsarin Wata na Afirka
Adadin gwanayen wata na Afirka ya haɗu daga mutane 100,000 zuwa miliyan 1, waɗanda ke shimfiɗa sama da murabba'in kilomita miliyan 10. Yawan rarrabawa yana da ɗan canji, gwargwadon yankin. A Yammacin Afirka, wannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ke cin naman mutane suna yadu sosai, amma a Gabashin Afirka da kuma wani yanki mai cike da katako a tsakiyar tsakiyar nahiyar, wataƙila galibi saɓo ne.
Shahararren wata na Afirka ba ya fuskantar barazanar gaske, ba shi da abokan gaba a zahiri kuma yana iya daidaitawa cikin sauƙi koda a cikin yanayin rayuwa mai ƙasƙanci. A saboda wannan dalili, an rarrabar dajin duniyar wata a matsayin jinsin da yanayinsa baya damuwa.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
(Polyboroides radiatus)
Mai fama da cutar Madagascar. Tana zaune a cikin wurare da yawa: tun daga dammiyoyi masu ban tsoro da na wurare masu zafi zuwa yankunan hamada wanda ke rufe bishiyoyi ƙaya.
Tsawon jiki shine 57-68 cm, fikafika 116–132 cm A waje daya yayi kama da irin na wata na Afirka, amma kuma dan kadan yake yin rubutu.
Abincin yana da faɗi sosai: daga kwari (tururuwa, tururuwa, baranya) zuwa shinge (matasa tsuntsaye, ƙwayayensu da kajinsu, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwamba, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa). Yana cin abinci a lemurs, galibi akan yayansu, amma an kuma samu kasusuwa na manya a cikin ciyawar. Yakan nemo abinci a rawanin bishiyoyi, yana tafiya da kafaɗun ratsa kafaɗa a jikin kututtura da rassan, wani lokacin yakan yi hakora a hankali ya kama ganima daga itace ko ƙasa, kuma yana iya motsawa cikin ƙasa don neman abinci.
An gina gida daga rassan bushe a cokali mai yatsa a cikin itace mai tsayi. A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 1-2 tare da aibobi launin ruwan kasa. Lokacin shiryawa yana kimanin kwanaki 39, kajin suna barin gida har na kwanaki 50.