Blue likita mai fiɗa (Paracanthurus hepatus), in ba haka ba "likitan tiyata" - kifayen teku na dangin tiyata (Acanthuridae). Akwai wani nau'in nau'in halittar Halittar Bincike na Halittu (Paracanthurus). Dangane da rarrabuwa, Acanthurus hepatus, Acanthurus theuthis Lacepede, Paracanthurus theuthis, Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus suma ana alakanta su. Wani lokacin ana kiranta "likita mai fiɗa mai launin shuɗi."
Range: reefs da kankara na yankuna masu zafi da ƙasa mai ƙarfi na yankin Indo-Pacific. A yanayi, ya girma zuwa 30 cm.
Bayanin
Yawancin lokaci ana samun likitocin kifi a cikin ruwan ruwa na ruwa. Ana neman abinci ko'ina cikin sararin akwatin kifaye.
Tiyata ta sami sunan ta saboda kasancewar fin fin ƙamshi a gindi, wanda aka ɓoye a cikin yanayin kwantar da hankula mai daɗin jijiyoyi a cikin lancet. Amfani da tsoratar da abokan gaba. A matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe tana iya bugewa. Ga mutum, ba mai mutuwa bane, amma mai raɗaɗi.
Idan an kama ka cikin wutsiyar “zafi”, kurke rauni da ruwan zafi ko akasin haka. Warara zafi yana haifar da rushewar gubobi. Karka dakatar da zub da jini, bari guba ta fito.
Bayyanar
Tsarin jikin mutum shine faifan elliptical, launi - daga haske zuwa shuɗi mai haske tare da launin shuɗi mai duhu. Ashin baya da furotin suna cikin launi, tare da iyakar duhu ta waje. Fin ɗin farin yana cikin trapezoid, lemun tsami lemon tsami tare da ci gaba tare da gefan tsarin nama. A cikin wasu halayen, ƙashin hancin ciki da na ciki na shuɗin tiyata shuɗi suna da launin shuɗi.
Bakin yana karami, gaba yayi gaba. Idanun suna da girma. Matsakaicin tsaran a cikin akwatin kifaye shine 20-22 cm.
Rayuwa
Yana da aiki da rana, matasa kifi samu cikin garken, manya - loners. Banda shi ne haram. Ana nuna yankuna, amma ba tashin hankali bane a waje da kayan.
Loveauna don ɗaukar algae. Kwanciya a cikin lokacin farin ciki. Ba kunya Ku tunkari makwabta masu tayar da hankali. Suna barci a madaidaicin matsayi ko a gefensu. Ana buƙatar tsari. Hepatuses ba su tono ƙasa, kayan aiki ba ganima, da murjani ba rufe.
Arab Likita, sohal (Acanthurus sohal)
In ba haka ba, likita ne na larabawa. Ya kasance tare da HALITTAR Likitan Kifi (Acanthurus). Ana samo shi cikin yanayi a cikin kogunan ƙasashen ruwa na tekun Arabiya na Tekun Indiya, Jar Teku da kuma Tekun Farisa. Yankin ƙasa, mai tayar da hankali, yakan kai hari ga mutum a cikin keta iyakoki.
A cikin daji ya girma har zuwa cm 40. Launi - launin toka tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi, a wasu yanayi nau'ikan tsari. Abunda yake haske. Alaƙƙarfan ƙafafun al'aura da doriya, ƙwanƙolin daskararre - purple. Hannun sararin samaniya da gill cike suke da haske a cikin orange. Fin caudal yana da siffar alamar “Ω” wanda ake juya shi.
A cikin bauta, maza suna rayuwa tare da duka tare da kifaye banda ƙusoshin masarufi. Shellfish da crustaceans suna ci. Jirgin ruwa daga 0.7 m3 ana buƙatar mutum ɗaya. Tare da ƙusoshin haila - daga 1 m3.
Zebrasoma
Halin halittar Zebrasoma ya hada da nau'ikan 7. Rawaya zebrasomes (Zebrasoma flavescens) sun zama ruwan dare a cikin ruwa. A yanayi, wanda aka samo a kan tsibiran wurare masu zafi na tekun Pacific da Tekun Indiya, Tekun Red Sea da kuma Tekun Bahar Rum. Ana yi barazanar lalata jinsunan saboda kifin da ba a sarrafa shi ba.
A cikin daji, ya girma har zuwa cm 40. A banki - 20-25 cm color launi na jiki da ƙeƙashi shine lemun tsami, ƙwanƙwasa yana da fari. Jaws suna da elongated. Ana buƙatar jirgin ruwa daga 0.4 m3.
Kasancewa tare da babban kifi mai salama. Mafi yawa daga herbivore, suna ci algae daga duwatsu masu rai.
Farar fata-likitan fata (Acanthurus leucosternon)
Yana zaune a cikin wurare masu zafi da kuma wurare masu rauni na Indiya da Gabashin Pacific.
Jikin yana launin shuɗi ko shuɗi mai haske. Ctoasassun gwiwa da ƙashin baya, tushen wutsiyar rawaya ne. Jawashin muƙamula, ƙwanƙwasa da ƙashin hatsi suna da fari Karatun caudal yana da fari tare da ratsin baƙar fata da yanki mai faɗi. Shugaban da lebe masu launin shuɗi ne mai zurfi.
Fararren likitan fata mai saurin yaduwar rikici ne a yankin sa. Maƙwabta tare da likitocin wasu nau'ikan marasa amfani. A cikin zaman talala, ya girma zuwa 30 zuwa 35 cm. Ana buƙatar buƙatar daga 1 m3 don wakilan 4-5. Omnivores, ku ci algae. Halin mutum ne, yana fahimtar mai shi.
Likitan Jafananci (Acanthurus japonicus)
In ba haka ba, likita mai aikin tagulla. Range: Reef reef yamma da Tekun Pacific, kudu da Japan.
Launin jiki yana taupe. Lemunnan rawaya-rawaya tare da tsinkayen da karshin baya kuma a gindin wutsiya. Fins ɗin suna da baki tare da shudi mai tsayi kusa da shuɗi. A caudal fin yana da farin tare da shudi mai tsayi kusa da shuɗi. Ya girma zuwa 14-15 cm Mafi yawan herbivore. Amma kuma yana ci jatan lande, mussel.
M ga dangi. Ba a bada shawarar abun ciki tare da sauran likitocin ba. Don kifi ɗaya, ana buƙatar jirgin ruwa na lita 400.
Likitan Likita (Acanthurus lineatus)
Lineatus acanthus ko pajama likita mai fiɗa yana zaune a kan murfin ruwan teku na larduna da ƙananan ƙasa na yankin Indo-Pacific. A cikin yanayi, ya girma har zuwa 40 cm, a cikin bauta - 25-30 cm.
'Yan ƙasa haske ne mai shuɗi. A tarnaƙi da baya akwai shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, ruwan shuɗi-rawaya da ratsin launin shuɗi baki. Finfin ventral fin launin rawaya ne ko lemo. Dorsal da anal suna launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da kan iyaka shuru. Fin caudal yana da siffar alama mai jujjuya “,”, launin toka, tare da sabon shuɗi.
Acanthurus lineatus yanki ne, mai zafin rai ne ga masu aikin tiyata. An dauke da mata a cikin tulu na 1 m3. Ana buƙatar yalwar greenery da sarari shinge.
Zebra Surgeon (Acanthurus foiostegus)
Kuma ana kiranta "yanke hukunci" saboda launinta na sihiri. Yana zaune a cikin kogin na Kudancin Indiya da Gabashin Pacific. Yana neman abinci sai ya shiga gidan.
Launin jikin Acanthurus triostegus yana da launin toka mai haske, wani lokacin tare da launin shuɗi, mai launin toka ko baki mai ratsa launi. Faƙƙarfan lafazin m ko fari. Ya kai girman 25 cm (a cikin bauta 10-15 cm).
Acanthurus triostegus - makaranta, mara ƙiyayya. Don mutane 4-5, kuna buƙatar jirgin ruwa na lita 500. Herbivores yana cin ganye daga duwatsun rayuwa.
Likitan Chocolate (Acanthurus pyroferus)
Range: bututun ruwa na kwari na cikin Indo-Pacific, ban da Hawaii. Ya girma zuwa 25 cm (a cikin bauta - 16-18 cm). Launi - launin toka tare da tintin launin ruwan kasa. Hannuna, da ƙananan kashin, da gindin wutsiya baƙi ne. Insusoshin baƙaƙe ne, fin wutsiyar baƙar fata ce, a siffar harafin da take juya "Ω".
Auke da keɓaɓɓen ko tare da ƙwanƙwasa cuta. A iya don kifi guda - 250-300 lita. Don garken - daga lita 400. Likita zai iya zama mara kyau.
Yawancin parapatthurus hepatus yawanci ana samun sa a cikin ruwa ruwa mai ruwa tare da murjani mai taushi da taushi. Idan murjani suna nan, to halayen su ne ke hukunci da su. Masu aikin inuwa masu launin shuɗi suna daidaitawa da sauƙi.
Akwatin kifaye
Tsarin shine akwati mai kusurwa ko cube. Forarfin garken - daga 1 m3, don ɗayan - daga 0.3 m3. Girman layin kwandon kwandon zai zama 1 x 1 x 1 m. Don tabbatar da sarari kyauta don yin iyo, ya kamata a samar da yaduwar da zurfin mafi, dangane da tsayin. Don sanya kwalba da kayan aiki kuna buƙatar filin motsa jiki.
Tsarin ruwa
Dabbobin Ocean sun saba da yanayin kwanciyar hankali da tsaftataccen ruwa tsawon lokaci. A cikin ruwan gishiri na alkaline, da alama guba da ammoniya yana ƙaruwa. Sabili da haka, tare da yanayin da ba a sani ba na mazaunan shuɗi, da sauri gudanar da gwaje-gwaje (waɗanda aka sayar a gidajen sayar da dabbobi). Canza ruwa idan ya cancanta.
- Zazzabi na ruwa: 24- 26 ° C. Babban haɓaka mai mahimmanci zuwa 29 ° C saboda dumama yanayi ko gushewar thermal. Mutuwar mazaunan.
- Rashin ruwa: pH 8.1-8.4.
- Karfin Carbonate: dkH 8-1. Lokacin da dkH ya fadi ƙasa 7, launin kifi mai launin shuɗi ya ci murjani.
- Salinity: 35-36 ‰.
Salinity (‰) | Girma (kg / m3 a 25 ° C) | Musamman nauyi (g / cm3 a 25 ° C) |
35 | 1023,3 | 1,0264 |
36 | 1024,1 | 1,0271 |
Matsakaicin mafi girman izini:
- NH3 (ammonia) - har zuwa 0.1 mg / l,
- NO2 (nitrites) - har zuwa 0.2 mg / l.
Injin inji ne ya tabbatar da bayyanar da ruwa. Abubuwan cutarwa ana cire su ta hanyar biofiltration: magani tare da ƙwayoyin cuta, oxidizing ammonia da nitrites zuwa nitrates (NO3). Hakanan ana amfani da matatar mai. Ganin yawan bukatun mazaunan, ana bada shawarar yin samp.
Canjin mako na 1 / 4-1 / 3 na yawan ruwa ana buƙatar. Don salting, yi amfani da ruwan akwatin kifaye daga kantin dabbobi da osmosis.
Sharan abinci da kayayyakin sharar gida suna tsokanar bayyanar abubuwa masu dauke da sinadarin nitrogen. Cire datti tare da siphon.
Shuke-shuke
Algae ya sha nitrates, phosphates da alli. Canza carbon dioxide an canza shi zuwa oxygen ta hanyar photosynthesis. Ganye mai launin shuɗi ba zai ba da damar ganye su cika sarari na akwatin kifaye ba. Ana amfani da 'yan itace a matsayin mafaka.
- Cowlerpa an haɗe shi da duwatsu ko yin iyo a cikin ruwa ruwa.
- Getomorfa yana girma a bankin demo kuma yana aiki a cikin sump.
- Halimeds suna girma da ƙarfi, suna ɗaukar tushe cikin ƙasa.
- Ana dasa daskararre a cikin ƙasa. Itatuwan ya kai tsayin 15-30 cm.
Priming
Ciyarda murjani murjani tare da guntu har zuwa 5 mm. Yana daidaita ma'aunin acidity. Suna haɓaka abubuwan da ke cikin alli da ke wajaba don algae a cikin mahallin, kuma suna sakin abubuwan da suka wajaba don shudi da shuɗi.
Kayan aiki
Yankin farfajiya na fili da kwarara suna haifar da matsanancin kwararar ruwa. Yi amfani da sake-kala don tabbatar da mayyanci. Sayi a shagon ko kuma yi da kanka. Don topping, yi amfani da osmosis ba tare da kara gishiri ba.
An tsara samp don haɓaka aiki na yanayin. Yana da babban ikon 1/3 ya kasu kashi biyu. Ana aiwatar da aikin ruwa na ruwa na manyan barbashi.
Purarin tsarkakewa daga kwayoyin halitta yana faruwa a cikin skimmer. Yana da "dinari", "flotator". Tsarin iska yana haifar da haɗuwa da abubuwan wuce kima a cikin kumfa a farfajiya. An cire kumfa.
Ana aiwatar da tsabtace kemikal tare da carbon mai aiki. A cikin dakin nazarin halittu, ana sarrafa nitrite da ammoniya. A cikin kayan goge-goge da tsafe-tsafe (algae), phosphates da nitrates suna sha daga algae (yawanci hetomorph), waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin haske mai haske. Ana aiwatar da tazara ta amfani da fitilar ultraviolet.
A cikin sump, al'ada ce a saka mai hita tare da mai zazzabi da ma'aunin zafi. TDP - 1 W a lita 1 na girma. Tsarin ruwa yana shirya ta famfo. Yawan aiki - kundin 8-10 na babban akwatin kifaye a awa daya.
Abubuwan da suke buƙata suna ɓoye a cikin m. Wanda ke inganta bayyanar da tsarin kuma yana rage amo.
A wasu yanayi, dumama mai zafi na faruwa. Degreesan digiri biyu za su kwantar da akwatin kifin tare da mai ba da iska. Canza ruwa na sanya shi yin sanyi. Idan ingancinsu bai wadatar ba, sami samfurin da aka sayo ko mai ƙirar injin ƙira.
Corals suna buƙatar halin yanzu don ciyarwa. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine madadin aiki na wasu farashin inshora tare da haɓaka ƙarfin adadin kundin 10-15 na jirgin ruwa a cikin awa daya.
Haske
Murjani yana buƙatar hasken da ya dace. Popsps suna karɓar wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci daga symbiont algae. Algae na buƙatar isasshen haske don photosynthesis. Yawanci, kwararar hasken wuta na 70-80 lumens a kowace lita na iyawa ya isa.
Yi amfani da fitilun tururi na tururi na nau'in LB ko fitilun LED tare da zazzabi mai launi na 7000 K. Tushen LED suna dawwama (daga sa'o'i 50,000) kuma sun zarce duka sanannu a fitowar haske.
Ciyar da abinci
A cikin yanayin halitta, wani likitan tiyata mai launin shuɗi ya ci zooplankton, algae. A cikin akwatin kifaye, kashi 70% na abincin shine abincin shuka. Ganye zai samu kansa da kansa. Don hana cin abincin algae, bayar da kayan marmari mara kyau, oatmeal, da allunan spirulina. Akwai yawanci hetomorphs a cikin algae sampa. Aika wa dabbobi dabbobi.
Bayar da abinci mai sanyi ko mai sanyi sau biyu a mako. Amfani da nama na jatan lande, mussel, fillet of fish.
Ciyar da abinci sau 1-2 a rana. Ana buƙatar ranar azumi na mako-mako.
Cututtuka
Masu aikin inuwa masu launin shuɗi suna yin ciwo cikin sauƙi. Tare da magani na lokaci, suna murmurewa lafiya. Cutar sananniya ita ce cryptocaryon.
Cryptocaryon ana lalacewa ta hanyar parasites da ke cikin ruwa. Kifayen da aka kama cikin yanayi suna iya kamuwa da cutar. Cutar ta bayyana kanta dangane da damuwar motsawa da raunana garkuwar jiki. Bayyanar cututtuka: bayyanar farin girma 0.5-1 mm a diamita. Yayinda cutar ke tasowa, har zuwa 2 mm.
Don neman magani, dasa shudi marassa fata. Shagunan gidajen dabbobi suna sayar da samfuran tagulla waɗanda suke ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe (sulfate). Tsage bisa ga umarnin da aka makala. Jiyya yana makonni 2-4. Ba za a iya yin amfani da hanyoyin a cikin akwatin kifaye gaba ɗaya ba saboda kasancewar murjani da ba zai iya yin haƙuri da jan ƙarfe ba.
Don rigakafin cutar, ana canza canje-canje na ruwa na yau da kullun, UV irradiation na babban can ko sampa ana ba da shawarar.
Nasiha
Masu mallaka sun lura da sigar waje mai ban sha'awa na kifin shuɗi, hali mai daɗi. Tare da rashin sinadarin alli, shi murjani. Nuna halin mutum da iyawar koyo. Yana omar sadarwa tare da wasu kifayen. Marasa lafiya sau da yawa, amma yawanci ba tare da sakamako ba.
Girman | Class | Farashin (₽) |
Har zuwa 3 cm | S | 3300 |
Har zuwa 6 cm | M | 4200 |
Har zuwa 8 cm | L | 5700 |
Har zuwa 12 cm | XL | 7500 |
Har zuwa 15 cm | XXL | 10900 |
Hoton hoto
Kammalawa
Blue likitan fata - ado na teku teku. Ba a rasa akan asalin wasu kifaye masu haske ba. Abubuwan da ke cikin ba su da rikitarwa (don rayuwar ruwa). Ya dace da akwatin kifaye. Dogon hanta, yana buƙatar tukunyar fili, amma a cikin yanayi mai gamsarwa ba ya nuna tashin hankali. Rashin kyau: baya kiwo a gida.
Labarun waɗanda abin ya shafa da shaidun gani da ido
Ga abin da yawon bude ido ke rubutawa a cikin jawabansu game da haɗuwa ta farko tare da kifi mai aikin tiyata:
Svetlana (kifi ya ji rauni a lokacin hutu, 2015):
A wannan shekara, wani kifi mai aikin tiyata, wannan ɗan kwanciyar hankali, ya zage ni. A cikin manufa, Na nemi shi da kaina. Amma, a gefe guda, ban ma san cewa wannan kifin mai kyan gani ba shi da haɗari. Haka kuma, kowa a wurin yana tafiya yana motsa ƙafafun waɗannan kifayen, amma ni kaɗai na samu. Na yarda, raunin yana da zafi sosai. Haka kuma, likitocin otal din sun wanke kafa na da ruwa na daki, sannan suka sanya shovchik. Ina gaba daya zargin cewa ba zai yiwu a saka wannan ɗakin ba. Zai fi kyau amfani da ruwan zafi. Da kyau, kwana 3 maganin rigakafi ne.
Alina (kifi ya ji rauni a lokacin hutu, 2013):
11/29/2013 ya dawo daga Sharm El Sheikh.
Ina so in faɗakar da kowa, a cikin teku, inda akwai murjani kusa da tudu, waɗannan kifayen (Surgeon Fish) suna da yawa. Na sha wahala daga ita. Ta tsaya a tsakiya-zurfi cikin ruwa kuma ta kalli kifin, ina sanye da kayan aski. Ni da kaina ban ji wata barazana ba, amma na yanke kafafena saboda haka dole ne in dinke shi. Zafin da ba zai iya jurewa ba. Yi hankali da haɗuwa da irin wannan kyakkyawa.
Don wasu kifaye masu haɗari waɗanda za ku iya haɗuwa da su a lokacin hutu ta bakin teku, karanta labarin: "Larin haɗarin ruwa na tekun."