Sunan mawakan nau'ikan nau'ikan tsuntsaye - layin dare, abin takaici, bashi da alaƙa da waƙar wannan tsuntsu kuma yana da alaƙa da launinta, yana tuna launi da daddare. Preari daidai, ya kamata a kira shi Reed ko Reed wasan kurket. A ko'ina cikin kewayon, wasan kurket na daddare shine tsuntsu mai ƙaura. A yawancin wuraren wuraren zama suna zuwa rabin rabin Afrilu. Mass zuwa - a farkon watan Mayu.
Tun daga farkon kwanakin isowa, maza suna bayyana a mazauna a ɗan lokaci kaɗan fiye da mace ta mamaye wuraren farawa kuma suna fara rairawa da ƙarfi. Cricket na Nightingale ya fi buƙatuwa akan zaɓin wuraren da ake son ciyayi fiye da wasan cricket na kogi. Babban fasalin mazauninta na gida shine lalatattu, rashin aiki, ciyawar kankarar, ciyayi da ciyayi masu tsiro na gabar teku da tsibiran marshy na ruwa. Inda wannan tsuntsun bai sami fadama da ciyawa ba, yakan zaɓi puddles da suka cika tare da sedge da ciyayi. Tsarin cricket na Nightingale ya yi birgima a kan ciyawar ninkaya da kuma ciyayin ciyawa, tare da kogunan kogunan ruwa, tafkuna da tabkuna. Kuna iya samun wannan tsuntsu a ƙarshen fadama, a cikin ciyayi a cikin ciyayi da kuma ramin ciyawa cike da ciyayi.
Cricket na daddare na dafe da kariya kuma a lokaci guda ƙaunar tsuntsayen yaƙi. Duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan wasan cricket sau da yawa yana cikin mazauni a cikin kungiyoyi (aibobi) a ƙaramin (40-70 m) nesa da juna, maza suna yin tsayayya da rukuninsu kuma galibi suna fara faɗa. A cikin waɗannan mintuna, sun rasa kulawa ta yau da kullun. Saboda haka, yin shaidar cricket yãƙi ya fi sauƙi fiye da ganin tsuntsu mai natsuwa. A cikin ƙauyuka ƙungiya, tsarin tsari mai cikakken tsari yana karɓuwa. Kafin isowar mace, crickets na dare suna yin waƙoƙi a saman ciyayi ko dazuzzuka, kamar sauran sura da girke-girke. Waƙar wasan cricket na Nightingale, kodayake yana riƙe da halaye daban-daban na kama da wakar wasu crickets na Turai, amma yana kwatanta shi da mafi tsufa fiye da kogin da crickets na yau da kullun. Idan wakar sauran kabilu biyu na da monotithic da monotonous, to the nightingale a farkon waƙar, kamar yadda yake, ya ɗauki sauti ɗaya, sai kawai a haɗa su a cikin babban abin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na cricket. Waƙar yana farawa da sauti mai banƙyama, mai saurin tunawa da babban sha'awar wannan nau'in, waɗannan sautikan suna ƙaruwa sosai, suna juyawa cikin halayyar "zirrrr". Wannan yanayi na gina wakar ya ba kawai damar kafa asalinsa daga sautin da ba a iya magana da shi ba, har ma don danganta wannan asalin da tsarin saurin tsuntsu. A tsakiyar lokacin mating, mawaƙan wasan kurket na waƙafi na kwanaki, dare da rana. Sings duka tsawon shiryawa har ma da ciyar da kajin. Daga kwanakin farko na Yuli, jim kadan bayan an tashi kajin kajin, ana iya jin waƙa kawai da safe da yamma. Bayan waƙar yanzu, a lokacin shiryawa da ciyar da kajin, wannan murhun cricket, yana ɓoye a cikin zurfin maɗaukaki, kuma yana da wuya a gan shi.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa asirin Asiya, ban da wuraren da aka riga aka nuna, sau da yawa nests a cikin tarkace da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ɓoyewa, kamar dai ƙyamar buɗaɗɗen kabari yake. Ramin irin wannan gidaje suna zamewa tare da saman tarinn duhun da kuma rufe shi da zurfi wanda kawai ƙofar zuwa gida ta kasance a bayyane. Tsuntsayen reshen Asiya suna da gida a cikin shinge na itace, amma koyaushe yana kusa da ruwa.
Gida an gina shi ƙasa (ba ya fi 30 cm) a saman ruwa ko ƙasa ba. Wani lokaci ana gina shi a ƙasa a cikin ƙaramin ɓacin rai na huƙumi kuma yana ƙaruwa a tsakanin mai tushe na tsire-tsire. Gida ya ƙunshi bushe mai tushe da ganyen Reed, reeds ko wasu marsh shuke-shuke. A bangon ganuwar gida ne sau da yawa yana kwance kuma yana da rauni, katangar ciki suna da yawa kuma sun fika bushe mai tushe. Gida yana kama da m hemisphere tare da zurfi, santsi, wani lokacin har ma m. Wani lokaci, akan rufe shi daga sama ta wani yanki na bushe ko ciyawa, wanda yasa yake kusan ganuwa.
Clutch of 4-5 farin qwai tare da launin toka a watan Mayu - Yuni. Aya mace tana haɗa abin, kuma ita ma tana ciyar da kajin. A lokacin shiryawa, namiji yakan kawo abincin mace. Kajin na ciyar da kwanaki 12-14. Kamar sauran katako, abincin dusar kankara ya ƙunshi ƙananan kwari da tsirrai (reed aphids, kwari, sauro, gami da centipedes, ƙananan bishiyoyi da siransu, da kuma gizo-gizo).
Halin wasan cricket na dare yana da kyau. Jin kararrawa ko lura da haɗari, wasan kurket yana tafiya a ɓoye kuma nan take ya ɓoye cikin kauri daga cikin shinge. Ba da daɗewa ba daga can, sautunan shiru "tf ... tf ... tf" - siginar gargaɗi game da haɗari, ana magana da farko ga mace. Lokacin da aka yi murnar, wasan kurket ya fara ƙara ɗan ƙara da ƙarfi a siginar farko. A hankali, fashewar ta zama da karfi, kuma tsuntsu ya fara hawa dutsen da ciyawar. A cikin lokutan da ake cikin damuwa, kawuna na wasan cricket da ke haifar da tazara da "chk-chk-chk-chk". Tare da mace, yawanci yana magana da hickmer. Sau da yawa wannan turawa, ƙara haɓakawa, yana zama alamar haɗari. Cricket na Nightingale yana ciyarwa kusa da ƙasa. Yayin ciyarwa, ana ta katse waƙar namiji kullun. Kirket ɗin yana gudana lafiya a ƙasa (baya tsalle), cikin nutsuwa yana kwance tsakanin ƙasan tsirrai na tsirrai kuma a lokaci guda yayi kama da kaji ko coronet. A cikin haɗari, yana ɓoye cikin sauri a cikin lokacin lokacin farin ciki. A watan Agusta - Satumba, kayan caca sun kewaya don hunturu.
Alamun waje na wasan cacaket na nightingale
Kyanket na Nightingale karamin tsuntsu ne mai girma 13-15 cm girmansa. Girman firam shine santimita 18-21. Weight - 14-18 grams. Tumbi yana canza launin daidai. Jiki na sama yana launin ruwan kasa, ba tare da sautunan launin kore ba. Bottomarshe da kirji suna launin ruwan kasa a bangarorin.
Abun ciki a tsakiya fararen fata ne ko kuma yayi farin ciki tare da ɗanɗanar launin shuɗi. Abubuwan da aka samo daga silsila sun kasance ne ta hanyar gashin fuka-faini masu tsayi da launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsayen sama suna da facin haske. Wani yanki mai haske na bakin ciki yana gudana tare da reshe daga waje. Gashin tsuntsaye sun yi duhu.
Akwai kusan m “gira” wanda ke gudana tare da ido mai duhu. Gashinan yana cikin nau'i. Lissafin ya yi duhu sama, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda da ke ƙasa. Wsaruna suna launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Launin launin shuki na maza da mata kusan iri ɗaya ne. Samun sake kwancen dare ya fi duhu a saman da kuma sake ja a ƙasa, fiye da tsuntsaye na manya, da shimfidar wurare masu rauni a kan makogwaro.
Cricket na Nightingale ya bambanta da sauran ɗakunan crickets ta hanyar rashin takaddun ƙira a kirji, gashin fuka-fukin dogon, inuwa na gashin tsuntsu a ƙasa, babban wutsiyar tsage, murya, da sifofin halaye.
Tsarin Nightingale
Cricket na Nightingale ya bazu a cikin yankuna tsakiya da kudanci na Turai, inda shine nau'in halitta. Tana zaune a tsakiya da gaban Asiya.
Ana samunsa a arewacin Afirka. Migratory view, ƙaura zuwa wurare masu zafi na Afirka don hunturu a cikin Kogin Nilu, a cikin fadama rafin Euphrates, har ma a gefen tekun kudu na Bahar Rum. A Italiya, ta haɗu har zuwa mita 200 sama da matakin teku. Kayan cricket na Nightingale ya samar da rassa uku.
Habitats na Kasuwanci na Nightingale
Nightingale wasan kurket zaune da m Reed gadaje, kazalika da wurare tare da wasu tsire-tsire kusa-ruwa: reeds, cattail.
Zabi wanda ba za'a iya amfani dashi ba na tsire-tsire, willows mai yawa.
A lokaci guda, ya fi dacewa ya kasance kusa da ruwa kusa da wuraren baccin ko ciyayi. Ana ajiye shi a tsibiran filayen tsiro ko gefen gefen tafki.
Don farauta, sai ya zaɓi wuraren bushewa, wuraren da ba ambaliyar ba, ko kuma tarin wuraren bushewar bushe.
Siffofin halayen wasan cricket na nightingale
Crickets na Nightingale kullun suna ɓoye a cikin gadaje mara amfani wanda ba shi yiwuwa. Maza galibi suna zaune a kan firan koran, itace, shukoki, manyan duwatsu, ko kowane haɓaka. A lokaci guda, suna haifar da tsayi mai tsayi mai kama da kama, mai kama da wata alama, da barin layin kamun kifi a kan zaren zaren alade. Wannan fasalin ya ba wa tsuntsaye suna wasan wasan kurket.
Kirkirorin Nightingale suna motsawa sosai a kan ƙasa da kuma shimfidar wuraren da akan girke. Maza kawai suna tafiya tare da mai tushe na tsirrai, suna hawa zuwa saman karen ciyawar. Tsuntsayen suna tafiya, ba hawa, kuma suna iya zama na dogon lokaci kai tsaye a kan mai tushe, suna riƙe da motsin su a cikin keɓaɓɓe na itace. Warblers suna zaune a kan karar dabam, suna ajiye kafafunsu ta wata hanya dabam. Don haka bambanta ta hanyar dasa crickets na Nightingale daga wasu nau'in tsuntsayen.
Kiwon Cricket na Nightingale
A lokacin bazara, a lokacin kiwo, wasan wasan cricket na maza suna zaune akan mai tsire-tsire kuma suna raira waƙa dare da rana, ba su yin shuru har a lokacin zafi na rana. Bayan sun isa, mazan suna shirya gasa ta gaske a fagen waka. A cikin Mayu ko Yuni, tare da waƙoƙinsu, suna sanar da masu fafatawa game da yankin da aka mamaye, don haka suna kori abokan hamayyarsu daga wurin kiwo.
Waƙar tana farawa da sautuna na musamman, masu kama da fashewar fashewar ƙazanta. Wannan yana biye da ƙarin rawar kiɗa na abubuwan talla, waɗanda aka fara ɗauka kaɗan da sauri, daga baya da ƙarfi.
A tsayi lokacin rani, crickets na dare suna yin waka da sanyin safiya da yamma.
A watan Agusta, ba a saurarar waƙoƙin tsuntsaye ba. Maballin cricet na maza a kullun suna raira waƙa a saman shinge. A lokaci guda, suna birgima gashin fuka-fukan a makogwaron, juya kawunan su ta fuskoki daban-daban kuma su bude bekensu sosai. Daga sautin waƙar yana da matukar wuya a tantance wurin zama na tsuntsu. A mafi karancin tarzoma, wasan cricket na daddare yana saukar da ciyawar kuma yana daskarewa.
Idan hatsari ya wuce, to tsuntsu ya sake fara wakar mara kunya a tsakanin maɗaukakken itace. Sannan a hankali ya tashi ya sake rera wakar a kan kara. Kayan suttura suna gina gida a cikin makonni 2-3. Namiji yana kawo kayan gini: karye da lancin mai tushe ya kai tsawon santimita 25, ganye mai bushe da sauran kayan shuka.
Mace tana yin babban gida, tana cikin wani wuri mai ɓoyewa kuma tana ɓoye a cikin ganyen Reed, yawanci a tsayi har zuwa 30 cm daga saman wani tafki ko fadama. Tsarin ya zama sako-sako, maras kyau, yayi kama da tarin dabbobin bara da aka aza a bara. Tashar ita ce mafi dacewa fiye da duka ginin. Gida yana rufe da madaukai daga sama.
A cikin rabin rabin Afrilu, mace ta sanya ƙananan ƙananan 3-5, kimanin ƙwai 2 cm. Suna da fari ko shuɗi mai haske a launi, an rufe su da ɗigon launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin tare da baƙar fata. Tana saka kwai tsawon kwanaki 12-14. Namiji ba ya dumama masarar, amma yana kawo abincin mata. Nestlings suna bayyana a tsakiyar Mayu ko Yuni a ranar 11-15th kuma zauna a cikin gida don wani makonni biyu. Yawancin lokaci, crickets na Nightingale suna da ɗayan cilli ɗaya ko biyu a shekara.
Tsvirkun salўiiny
Dukan yankin Belarus
Iyalin Slavkovye - Sylviidae.
A cikin Belarus - L. l. luscinioides.
Bayan estan ƙaura daga ƙaura mai wucewa da nau'ikan ƙaura. Yana faruwa ne musamman a yankin yammacinsa kuma a cikin yankuna na kudu na Polesie, wani lokacin a arewacin Belarus. A wasu wuraren ya zama ruwan dare, alal misali, a tafkunan lambun kifi na Lakhva da kuma gefen kogin. Doe.
Ya yi kama da kayan mara nauyi. A baya launin ruwan kasa ne, ciki ya kasance mai launin fata ko farin ciki, fuka-fukai da wutsiya su masu launin ruwan kasa. Sabanin wasan kurket na kogi, babu wasu takaddara a kirji. Fuka-fukan gashin jikin ta sun isa saman wutsiya, sun yi haske sosai. Abubuwan kula da daddare basu da alamun hakan. Ana iya ganin sassan jikin jujjuyawar a jikin gashin tsuntsaye. Koyaya, bisa ga waɗannan alamun, yana da wuya a san cricket na caca a cikin yanayi.
Girman namiji shine 13-20 g, mace ita ce 15-21 g .. Tsawon jikin (duka jinsi) shine 13-13.5 cm, fikafikai 21-22 cm ne tsawon reshe na maza shine 6.5-7 cm, raunin shine 5.5-6 cm , yatsu 2 cm, beak 1 cm.
Yana jagorantar salon rayuwa mai haske, da hankali, da wuya ya ratsa idanun.
Waƙar yana farawa da ƙararrawa masu shuru, waɗanda a hankali suna ƙaruwa sau da yawa, suna juya zuwa cikin baƙin ciki - monotonous, monotonous, wani lokacin m minti 1. A yayin waƙar, namiji yakan zauna a saman willow, reeda, da reshe na cattail. Yana ɗaukar matsayin madaidaiciya, ana saninsa sau da yawa ba ta hanyar umarashi ba, amma ta silsilar shi, tare da anxietyancin damuwa, ya ɓoye a cikin ɓoye.
Tana zuwa a cikin bazara a tsakiyar Afrilu, tana sanar da kasancewar ta tare da waƙar halayyar - dogo da tsawon lokaci mai bushe "trrrrrr. ".
Ya tashi zuwa kudu na jamhuriya a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, wanda waƙar tsuntsaye ke iya hukunci dashi.
Mazaunan, a matsayinka na mai mulki, wuraren da ba za a iya zuwa ba: daskararren ciyawa na ciyawar, ciyawa, ciyawar kanana da rigar ciyawa tare da labulen babban keɓaɓɓu, cattail da sauran ɓoyewa, yalwatacce da keɓaɓɓun bushes, maɓuɓɓugan koguna, tafkuna da tafkuna, shingaye tare da ciyawar ciyayi masu yawa. Hakanan ana samunsa a cikin dazuzzuka masu haske, cike da ruwa, kuma cikin rami mai cike da ciyayi mai yawa.
A ƙarshen Afrilu - Mayu, tsuntsaye suna zaɓar wani yanki inda za'a gina gida. A watan Mayu - Yuni, mawaƙa mazan ke haɗuwa. Yanki a cikin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, amma a wurare masu kyau suna ba da gungu na gida.
Gida yana kusa da ƙasa (ba ya fi 30 cm) saman ƙasa ba ko ruwa a tsakanin tsirrai na tsirrai na herbaceous, galibi kai tsaye a ƙasa tsakanin gutsutsuren busassun mai tushe na tsirrai, a cikin ƙaramin ɓacin rai na farjin huɗun. An samo shi a kan ƙasa mai cinyewa, kullun cikin kayan fasaha an rufe shi kuma yana da nau'i na ɗan kwando kwando ko (a wasu lokuta) kullun hemisphere tare da matattara mai matukar santsi. Abubuwan gini suna da fadi (har zuwa 2.5 cm) busassun ganyen cattail, Reed, sedge ko mai tushe na tsirrai. Ganuwar ta waje yawanci sako-sako ce mai kasala, yayin da ganuwar ciki suna dattako da kuma ci gaba da ƙarfi (daga bakin ciki da ganyayyaki masu ƙarfi na tsire-tsire). Kafin sanya ganyaye a cikin gida, tsuntsu ya sake lullube su da ruwa, sabili da haka, bayan ya bushe, sai su juya su zama da juna sosai, kuma kwano mai kyau ya fi girma. Gida mafi girma (lit.) 8.5-10 cm, diamita 9-12 cm, zurfin tray 5.5-6 cm, diamita 5.5-6 cm.
A cikin cikakken 4-5, lokaci-lokaci 3 fararen fata, launin toka-mai-launin shuɗi, mai cike da manyan launuka masu launin shuɗi, launin toka-mai-haske da dige-dige da dige kuma da wuya a warwatse tare da zurfin haske launin toka. Wani lokaci layin baƙar fata mai laushi a cikin hanyar jijiyoyin suna bayyane akan kwai. Tsarin kwai 2 g, tsawon 20 mm, diamita 15 mm.
Na farko sabo clutches yawanci bayyana a ƙarshen Mayu. Akwai har zuwa broods biyu a wasu mata a shekara. Namiji yakan gina gida, kuma macen ne kawai ke sanya incinon masonry na tsawon kwanaki 12. Lokacin yana da kimanin kwanaki 15, kajin suna barin gida. A ƙarshen watan Yuni - rabin farkon Yuli, wasu mata sun fara kwanciya ƙwai ƙwai.
Yana ciyarwa akan wasu ƙananan hanyoyin motsa ruwa.
Tashin lokacin kaka da kuma saman haske suna faruwa a hankali, don haka ba a fayyace lokacin sa ba. Mafi yawan rejistar jinsunan kwanannan ya zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta.
Adadin a cikin Belarus an kiyasta kusan 6-10 dubu nau'i biyu, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sami ƙara ƙarancin adadin.
Matsakaicin shekarun da aka yi wa rajista a Turai shine shekaru 9 9 watanni.
An hada nau'in a cikin bugu na biyu na Littafin Ruwan Belarus.
1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Mulkin dabbobi na Belarus. Vertebrates: littafin rubutu. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 p.
2. Nikiforov M.E., Yaminsky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Tsuntsayen Belarus: Littafin Jagora don Bayyana Gidaje da Kwai" Minsk, 1989. -479 p.
3. Gaiduk V. ye., Abramova I. V. "Tsinkayen tsuntsaye a kudu maso yamma na Belarus. Passeriformes: tarihin duniya." Brest, 2013.
4. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. “Tsuntsayen Belarus”. Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. Nikiforov M. E. "Samuwar tsari da tsarin avifauna na Belarus." Minsk, 2008. -297s.
6. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) LABARAN jerin adana tarihin rayuwar tsuntsayen Turai.
Halin kiyaye wasan cricket na nightingale
Duniya ba tsoro. Cricket na Nightingale yaduwar tsuntsayen birni ne kuma an rarraba shi gida, amma wuraren da ake harbarsa gida sun warwatse, tare da samun gibin da yawa. A cikin Turai, yawan jama'a a cikin 1980-2011 ya kasance barga, dangane da bayanan farko don ƙasashe 27 na saka idanu na Turai.Dangane da kimomi, adadin kiwo nau'i ne 530000-800000, wanda yayi daidai da mutane 1590000-2400000. Ta hanyar waɗannan ka'idojin, cricket na Nightingale baya cikin jinsin da ke barazanar yalwar duniya. A cikin Turai, kashi 50-74% na tsuntsayen duniya na wannan nau'in suna rayuwa, kodayake ana buƙatar ƙarin tabbatar da wannan ƙididdigar. Kariyar Nightingale ana kiyaye shi ta hanyar tarurruka SPEC 4, BERNA 2, BONN 2.
Saurari muryar wasan kurket na cikin dare
Cricket na Nightingale ya bambanta da sauran ɗakunan crickets ta hanyar rashin takaddun ƙira a kirji, gashin fuka-fukin dogon, inuwa na gashin tsuntsu a ƙasa, babban wutsiyar tsage, murya, da sifofin halaye.
Cricket na Nightingale yana buƙatar tsawaitattun wurare na ruwa da tabkuna masu wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki.