Triton dabba ce wacce ta kasance cikin mutanen amphibians, wani ƙaramin fitila wanda ba a harsashi ba, ƙungiyar ta amphibians. Iyalan waɗanda sababbi ya kasance su ne: ainihin mai ba da salafiyya, salamander mai saurin ɓoyewa, da kuma abincin kifi. Triton ba daskararre bane kuma ba macijiya bace, dabba ce wacce rayuwarta ta wuce abubuwa biyu: cikin ruwa da kasa.
Ina sabuwar rayuwa take?
Thearin rarraba sabbin ƙwayoyi ya ƙunshi kusan duniya baki ɗaya, ban da Antarctica, Ostiraliya da Afirka. Sabbin kwari suna zaune a cikin Amurka, Turai da Asiya, kuma ana samun su har bayan Yankin Arctic.
Sabuwar Amfibian tana zaune ne a yankuna masu wadatar ciyayi. Bayan ya bar tafkin, yana jira na sa'oi masu zafi a cikin matsuguni, wanda zai iya zama faduwar bishiyar itace, tarin duwatsun, ɓatattun abubuwa da kuma watsi da ƙananan ƙuraje. A cikin hunturu, dabbar da ke sabo ta shiga hibernation (ta kusan tsawon watanni 8), tana ɓoye a wani wuri mai zaman kansa: alal misali, a ƙarƙashin tarin ganyayyaki da suka faɗo, an binne su a ƙasa ko a cikin ɓoyayyen ganye.
Me tritons suke ci?
Babban abincin sabbin kwari ne. A lokacin da yake zama a cikin tafkuna yana iya zama ƙananan crustaceans, larvae larvae da mayflies. Bayan sun isa ƙasa, sabbin kwari suna cin turaran jeji, ciyawar ciyawa da tsutsa da ƙwari daban-daban. An bayyana ayyukan Amphibian cikin dare.
Farfagandar Tritons
A farkon bazara, namiji da mace na sabuwar haihuwa sukan koma wurin tafki, inda aka haife su. Bayan namiji ya yi wasan mating, hadi na ciki na faruwa. Sabon sabo yakan fitar da maniyyinsa cikin ruwa, wanda sabuwar mace take karɓar cesspool. Caviar yana manne wa ciyawar cikin ruwa. Bayan kwanaki 20, triton larvae tare da gills bayyana. A lokacin bazara, sukan sha kansar metamorphoses, kuma a lokacin kaka, sabbin ƙwayoyi har zuwa 4 cm tsayi tare da huhun da yake kafa.
Iri sababbin, sunaye da hotuna
Daga cikin nau'ikan sababbin sababbin, ana iya bambance wakilan masu zuwa:
- Sabon sabo(Lissotriton vulgaris)
shine mafi yawancin nau'ikan waɗannan amphibians. Tsawon jikin tare da wutsiya ba ya wuce cm 11. Fatar sabon sabo na iya zama duka santsi kuma an rufe shi da ƙananan fitsari. Saman kai, baya da wutsiya sune yawanci zaitun launin ruwan kasa a launi, kuma duhu duhu ana iya ganinsu a ɓangaren ƙananan, ana zane su cikin sautunan launin shuɗi. Yayinda suke rayuwa cikin ruwa, sabon sabon salo suna ciyar da sauro da lardin mazari, ƙananan crustaceans. A kan tudu, tsarin abincin ya dogara ne da caterpillars, kwari da earthworms. Yankunan rarraba wannan nau'ikan sabbin abubuwa sun haɗa da ƙasashen Yammaci, Tsakiya da Arewacin Turai da yawancin yankin ƙasar Rasha. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji tare da yawancin bishiyoyi masu lalacewa, wuraren shakatawa da kuma katako da ke rufe daji.
- Comb Newt(Triturus cristatus)
zai iya kai 18 cm a tsayi. Launin ɓangaren ɓangaren wutsiya da gangar jikin baƙar fata ne ko baƙi. Baƙar fata a bayyane yake a ciki na orange. Crest wanda ke girma a cikin sabon ciyawar maza yayin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi, yana da yanayin fitowa. Yana zaune, kamar sabon sabo, a yawancin ƙasashen Turai. Koyaya, ba a samo Pyrenees da arewacin hauren Scandinavia ba. A cikin Rasha, yankin rarrabawa ya isa kudancin yankin Sverdlovsk. Mazaunin wannan nau'in an cakuda shi da gandun daji iri daban-daban, gami da wuraren shuka ciyawar daji.
- Alpine sabo(Ichthyosaura alpestris)
shine mafi kyawun wakili na rayayyun almara. Launin fata mai laushi a bayan maza ana fentin launin ruwan kasa tare da launin toka, a gefuna da kuma gabobi akwai launuka shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Launin ciki mai ruwan hoda-ja ne, ɓangaren ɓangaren wutsiya mai launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi, da ƙananan tare da ƙamshin zaitun. Girman girma zai iya kai cm 13. Alpine newt ya yaɗu a cikin tsaunukan ƙasa da ƙafafun Girka, Spain, Italiya da Denmark. A Rasha, ba a samo wakilan wannan nau'in ba.
- Mai Triton(Triturus marmoratus)
yana zaune a Spain, Faransa da Portugal, yana da launi mai launin shuɗi mai haske tare da baƙar fata mai launi mara iyaka, yana ba fatar fata launi. Fararen tabo suna da kullun akan baƙar fata na ciki. Wani fasali na mace wata madaidaiciya ce na ruwan lemo ko ja wanda yake gudana a jiki. Tsawon sabo sabon gwal bai wuce santimita 17 ba. Amphibians suna zaune kusa da jikunan ruwa tare da tsayayyen ruwa ko koguna tare da nutsuwa mai sauƙi Hanyar rayuwa tana kama da sabuwar al'ada.
- Newark(riked newt)(Karin hanyoyin waltl)
Yana da launi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da aibobi mai launi mara iyaka na ruwan launi-ja. Tanarin ciki tan da ƙananan baƙar fata. Wani mahimmin fasali na wannan nau'in shi ne kasancewar rashin jin muryar a cikin maza yayin lokacin dabbar dabbar da kuma kashin jikinta yana fitowa daga waje ta hanyar budewa a fata da kuma dauke da sinadarai mai guba. Yaro na iya kaiwa tsawon cm 23. Ba kamar yawancin dangi ba, sababbi masu tasowa masu tasowa suna iya jagoranci duka yanayin ƙasa da na ruwa mai ruwa kuma suna jin girman su a wuraren raye-siyen halitta da na wucin gadi, har ma da wuraren rami. Wurin zama ya hada da Morocco, Spain da Portugal.
- Asiya Newaramar Newt (Ommatotriton vittatus, synonym Triturus vittatus)
zai iya kaiwa tsawon 14 cm. Rarraba a cikin Turkiya, Iraki, Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia, Isra'ila da Georgia. A lokacin kiwo, fatar maza suna da launi mai haske-zaitun mai haske tare da ƙananan aibobi da ratsin azurfa tare da jikin. Wani babban matattarar dabbar ta hanyar canjin dake shimfida tayi yana kan tafin baya baya wuce wutsiya. Wannan nau'in sabbin kwari suna rayuwa ne cikin jikin ruwa mai gudana, gauraye da gishiyoyi masu bushewa. Abincinta ya hada da mollus na ruwa, kwari, tsutsa da arachnids. Yana amfani da dogon harshe don kama abinci.
- Triton Karelina(Triturus karelinii)
yana da matsakaiciyar tsayin jiki na 13 cm, amma wasu nau'ikan sun kai girman 18 cm. Don haka, ana ɗaukar Karelin mafi girma daga cikin sababbin kwayoyin halitta. Launin Jiki yana launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka mai duhu. Cutar ciki da makogwaro ko ruwan lemo mai ɗauke da ƙananan baƙi. Tana zaune a cikin daji da yankuna masu tsaunuka a Girka, Bulgaria, Turkiya, Georgia, Serbia, cikin Crimea da kuma tekun Bahar Maliya na Rasha.
- Ussuri ya murƙushe sabo(Ussuri lugfish) (Kasuwancin jimili)
wannan wani nau'in sabon tsari ne na adalci. Tsawon jiki ba tare da wutsiya ba shine mm 58-50, tsawon jimlar tare da wutsiyar ya kai cm 12.5-18.5. Wutsiya yawanci ya fi tsayi fiye da jiki. Tana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da launuka a Koriya, a gabashin China, a kudu maso gabashin gabashin Rasha. Yawancin lokaci yana zaune a cikin rafuffukan sanyi, inda zafin jiki na ruwa bai wuce digiri 10-12 ba. Yana ciyar da kwari da kwari. Ainihin, wannan nau'in sabon sabon kullun yana cikin ruwa, saboda baya yarda da bushewar fata. Sabbin ɓoye na ɓoye cikin ƙungiyoyi a cikin ramuka, fashewar ƙasa, ko gangar jikin itace mai lalata-rabi.
- Triton-mai launin fata(Taricha granulosa)
yana da tsawon 13 zuwa 22 cm. Fata na waɗannan amintattun masu haɓaka ne, na baya launin ruwan kasa ne ko launin ruwan kasa-baki, ciki rawaya ce ko lemo. Wasu nau'in suna da aibobi a gefansu. Tana zaune a bakin gabar yamma ta Kanada da Amurka. Kamar sauran sababbin sababbin, sabon launin rawaya-bell yana haifar da guba mai ƙarfi - tetrodotoxin.
- California triton(Taricha torosa)
zai iya kai tsawon cm 20 launin launi na amintaccen na iya zama duhu da launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Irin wannan sabon robobi suna zaune a kudu maso yammacin Amurka: a cikin tsaunukan Sierra Nevada da kuma gabar tekun California. Wannan nau'in sabbin kwari suna ciyarwa akan kwari, katantanwa, tsutsotsi, tsintsaye, da ƙananan hanyoyin motsa jiki.
Me yasa yawancin mutane suke ƙaunarsu?
Triton vulgaris bai yi kama da kifi ba. Ba shi da taushi, raunin sa da taɓawa, kamar yadda a cikin kifin mai taushi yake kewaye da ƙoshin ƙyalli da babban wutsiya.
Wannan halitta ce mai fasali da hazaka, mai kama da salamander, kuma wakilci a cikin yanayi ta zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, kowannensu yana da fasalin halayyar sa kawai.
Nau'in waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe suna iya bambanta juna a cikin:
- masu girma dabam
- canza launi
- yanayin rayuwa da ake buƙata
- hali
Iri:
Crested Triton shine mafi girman mutum, wanda yake da ikon girma har zuwa 18 cm tsayi. A lokacin kiwo, wani nau'in bayyanar wani nau'in bayyanawa ta hanyar hada tsefe a bayan namiji, yana baiwa dabbar ta yi kama da maciji. Wannan samuwar ya mamaye dukkan sassan jikin mutum (daga kambi zuwa gefen wutsiya).
Asiaarancin Triton na Asiya ya ɗan bambanta da wannan nau'in. Idan bakayi la'akari da girman girmanta ba (har zuwa 12-14 cm), tsayin daka da kuma yawan crest dinta yayi matukar buwa. Wannan nau'in halittar da ba kasafai ake ganin kadan yana fitarwa da kuma firgitarwa.
Silinda nitrite mai-sabo koda kadan ne a girma, girmansa wanda basa wuce 6 cm. Kamanninsa sun fi kyau sosai kuma sun san juna sosai, halinsa ba shi da tsauri.
Wani mawuyacin yanayi mai sabo, yana da suna na biyu: wuta-ciki. Irin wannan kalma bai taso ba kwatsam, amma, godiya ga haske mai kyau da ɗambin launuka masu ruwan ciki na ƙasar amintacciya.
Duk tritonchiks suna da fasali ɗaya mai ban sha'awa: don canza fata a kan nasu. Irin wannan ikon sakewa ya dade yana da ban sha'awa ga masana kimiyya da masana ilmin halitta. Wannan gobe ce ta kimiyyar halitta kuma ba matsala ce da ake fahimta ba. Kari akan haka, mutum zai ci tsohon “bayyanar”, ba tare da gano alama ba.
Menene fasalin rayuwar su?
Ba za a iya kiran Triton akwatin kifayen asirin ashararan halitta ba, amma har yanzu yana da adadin abubuwan da ba a sani ba. Samun yanayin da ke da sanyi-sanyi, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun fi son zafin jiki da ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye ba fiye da 22 °. Misali, Karelin triton, misali, zai iya zama cikin ruwa tare da zazzabi na 6 o . Sabili da haka, tare da yuwuwar ruwan dumama, alal misali, daga fitila, ya kamata a samar da na'urar sanyaya.
Sabuwar withasar Iran tare da gamsuwa mai launi na haɗuwa (ciki na ciki, fararen fata da na baya), kamar yawancin nau'ikan, suna son basara a cikin "farfajiyar rana", sanye take kai tsaye kusa da akwatin kifaye. Kawai tare da irin wannan haɓaka kawai ɗan ƙaramin aboki zai iya zama lafiya da kyan gani.
Abin ban sha'awa shine caudate amphibian marmara newt. Zane mai launi ya ba shi damar zama mara ganuwa a bangon ciyawar ciyayi. Tsarin haske mai launin kore mai haske akan yanayin duhu wani nau'in kwaikwayo ne na halitta, yana baka damar daidaitawa da rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da masu farauta.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin jinsin juna?
Wani fasali na mazaunan akwatin kifaye shine ikon daidaitawa da janar na doka, cin abinci na duniya da jagorancin salon rayuwa mai yawa ko uniformasa. Koyaya, dangane da tritonchiks wannan ba koyaushe yake aiki ba. Don haka, nitrit triton yana son yin aiki da daddare, lokacin da sauran mazaunan cikin akwatin kifaye suke hutawa kuma haɗarin yana da ƙarancin. A lokaci guda, karkatacciyar karkara, wacce take da laushi amma launi daban, ba ta tsoron a lura da ita sakamakon kamannin launinta da ruwanda. Yayi biris da ƙarfi a cikin rana kusan a farfajiya.
Marmara Triton yana jin daɗin zama a waje da ruwa. Ya shirya tsaf a ƙarƙashin fitilar na dogon lokaci, yana kama da mai amo. Koyaya, a cikin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar dacewar mace, har gaban namiji yana da kama.
Asiaan Asiya Triton ƙirar sirri ne mai saurin ɓoyewa. Kusan koyaushe, yana neman ɓoye kuma ba a kula ba. Seldom ya ƙetare yankin da aka shimfida masa, wanda yake da kyau don ƙirƙirar tarin tarin akwatin kifaye.
Wanne ya zaɓa domin akwatin gidan?
Triton akwatin kifaye na iya zama wani ɗan ƙasa mai zaman kanta a cikin mazaunin masarautar ruwa ta gida. Wani nau'in sabuwar salamander, mai kaifin baki kuma baƙon abu, mai ban sha'awa na ɗabi'a kuma ba cikakken fahimta.
Zaɓin ya dogara da girman akwatin kifayen da yarda don kulawa da abin da ke ciki na yau da kullun. Don haka, Karelin triton, wanda aka san shi da manyan masu girma dabam, zai ji ya zama kamar an rage ruwa kasa da lita 50. A lokaci guda, filamentous sabo, wanda ba ya bambanta cikin girma mai ban sha'awa, zai yi ƙoƙarin daidaita da gidan talakawa na matsakaici. Koyaya, lallai ne ku kula da tsabtatuwar ruwan da tsabtace aikin injininsa. Gabaɗaya, nitrit triton shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don sararin samaniya na gida.
Baya ga gardama game da karfin aiki, kungiyar da aka kafa tana da matukar mahimmanci. Iirfafa akwatin kifaye, zaku iya tsayawa a wani zaɓi ɗaya: Newt - salamander. Zaɓuɓɓukan launinta da girman su sun isa shirya ainihin asali da asali.
Koyaya, jituwa tare da wasu kifi, kunkuru ko katantanwa baya cirewa. Babban abu shine a cire yiwuwar cin junan ku. Rulea'idar farko a wannan yanayin zata kasance kayan keɓaɓɓen akwatin kifaye don haifuwa.
Don ware gurbatawar da gurbataccen ruwa da ruɓaɓɓen ruwa, ana bada shawarar a fitar da abinci daban (misali, sababbin, kunkuru ko kwaɗi).
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe iri iri mai yawa tare da sunan "tritonchiki". Kowannensu ɗaya ne da halayensa. Kuna iya magana da yawa game da su, amma mafi kyawun ƙoƙarin yin abokai. Gabaɗaya, ba ma nema ba ne kuma ba zaɓaɓɓu bane. Koyaya, ba sa son kasancewa a bango. Duniyar akwatin kifaye ta kasance gare su, kuma suna son kasancewa cikakkun masu mallaka a ciki.
Fitowar sabon talakawa
Sabon ƙaramin al'ada yana da tsayin tsayi tare da wutsiya na 7 - 11 cm kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙarami a cikin nau'ikan sababbin sababbin.
A cikin wannan nau'in sababbin, mata yawanci ƙanana ne fiye da maza. An bambanta wannan bambancin musamman lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin. A wannan lokacin, namiji yana da tafin hannu na musamman a bayansa. A sauran shekara, maza da mata na sabon sabo ba sa bambanta sosai da bayyanar.
Sabon sabo.
Fata na sabuwar sabo ya yi daidai da taɓawa, Sikeli ƙanƙane ne. An fentin jiki a cikin sautunan zaitun ko launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa. Akwai tabewar duhu akan kodadden lebe ko na ciki. Namiji yakan canza launin launuka masu duhu sosai idan aka kwatanta da na mace.
Mazaunin sabon sabo
Sabon sabo shine ɗayan nau'ikan sababbi. Ana samun wannan nau'in kusan a duk faɗin Turai, ban da arewacin penasirin Scandinavian, kudu na Faransa, kudu da sashin Apennine da kuma ƙasa gaba ɗaya na Iberian Peninsula. Hakanan, sabon sabo ne zaune a Asiya har zuwa tsaunukan Altai.
Rayuwar Triton da abinci mai gina jiki
A cikin lokacin mating, an fi gudanar da triton a cikin ruwa. A wannan lokacin, ya fi son tafkuna masu rauni a cikin ruwa mai rauni ko ruwa mai tsafta: tafkunan, tafkuna, puddles. Tare da ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, talakawa sabon sabo yakan koma zuwa gaɓoɓin dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka, har ma da ƙasar noma. Ana iya samun Triton sau da yawa a cikin lambuna da lambuna.
A lokacin rayuwarsa na cikin ruwa, abincin da ke cikin sabon abinci ya kunshi mollusks, larvae kwari da kananan crustaceans. A cikin yanayin rayuwa a waje da jikkunan ruwa, wannan amiriyanci yana ci gizo-gizo, tsintsayen duniya, alamomi, matafirai, gwoza, da sauran dabbobi da kuma wasu ƙananan dabbobi. Yaran sabbin kwari suna ciyar da cizon sauro, daphnia da sauran ƙananan dabbobi.