Asali
Ba a san ainihin asalin asalin Galoshenny hens ba. Bayan haka, kwayoyin halittu sun gabatar da wasu juzu'an:
- Ta hanyar tsallake yakar kulhhuns tare da sauran tsuntsayen da ba a bayyana ba,
- Layin ya dogara ne da kaji na Malay da kokhinkhins.
An fara tattauna su a cikin Vienna a 1875. Kuma zuwa 1930, tsuntsaye sun bazu cikin USSR, Hungary, Romania da Austria.
A cikin 1905, da irin hukuma da aka amince da matsayin mai dwarf iri-iri. Kakanninsu sun zama daidaitaccen galosheyny, waɗanda aka haye tare da German bentamkami. Hanyar ba ta yadu ba, an buge shi don dalilai na nunin ban sha'awa.
Saman zakici na Holosheynoy bentami.
Kayan kiwon kaji mai yawa
Waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan tsuntsaye ne, matsakaici tare da jiki mai fa'ida. Wani fasali mai rarrabewa shine ƙugiyar wucin gadi da goiter, waɗanda aka raba su da ƙwannun gashin fuka-fukan. Launin fata a wuyan yana da haske ja.
Dangane da sake dubawa, nau'in kaji na Golosheyny mallakar wani nau'in haɓaka ne mai saurin girma, an ciyar da shi da kyau. Nama yana da dandano mai kyau. An bambanta gawa ta ƙyamar ƙyallen fata.
Suna da natsuwa kuma ba cock, suna jure sanyi da sanyi sosai (duba hoto a ƙasa). Matan da suka manyanta suna da kyaun mahaifiyarta. An bambanta kajin ta hanyar jimiri, farkon an rufe shi da gashin fuka-fukai. Stersan wasan matasa fara oviposition yana da kimanin watanni 5.5. Qwai suna da kyawawan halaye masu kyau.
Tare da ciyarwar da ta dace, nauyin live zakara ya kai kilogi 3, kaji yana samun nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 2.5.
Kauyen kaji na Galosh suna dauke da kwayoyi kusan 180 a farkon shekarar da aka tsare, suna rage adadin qwai zuwa 150. a shekara ta biyu ta namo. Qwai suna da farin, ba sau da yawa cream, launi na kwasfa. Yawan taro guda ɗaya shine gram 55.
Abubuwan Nazarin Manoma: Kauyen Galoshenny suna yin tururuwa sosai a yanayin sanyi, dan kadan rage yawan amfanin su yake. Tare da ciyarwa mai kyau, nauyin kwai ɗaya ya kai gram 70.
Bayyanar
Galoshenny kaji sun zo da launuka dayawa:
- jaka,
- shuɗi tare da iyaka
- ja
- shaye shaye
- baki tare da farin aibobi.
Crest, bisa ga bayanin irin nau'in, yakamata ya zama ja, ƙarami a ciki, amma ya ɗan dace da baki. Hakora a kan kanjin suna sanye da zagaye. Wasu wakilai suna da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. 'Ya'yan kunne da' yan kunne masu launin ja ne, dan kadan ya zage dantse.
Launin ido ya dogara da rud'e. Ana bambanta daskararrun matsanancin roba daga madarar ruwan wuta. Awararren fasalin roosters shine wuyan neoplastic na wani nau'in mai lankwasa a cikin hanyar S. Launin fata yana da ja.
Kafafun tsuntsaye suna da ƙarfi. Gashin fuka-fukai suna girma cikin ratsi, amma gaba daya ya rufe ƙananan kafafu, yakamata babu aibi mai wari. Wani takamaiman fasalin ƙwayar ƙwayar mahaifa shine yanki wanda ba a kwance a ciki na ƙasan kafa a cikin alwarka
Abinda aka fada game da pembrake
- Launi mai launin rawaya na fata a ƙarƙashin rushewa.
- Rashin nau'in alwati mai tsere a ciki na ƙananan kafa.
- Duhu mai duhu da ƙarancin goiter.
- Fararen launi mai launi. Bada izinin launin alkalami mai launin shuɗi a cikin samari.
- Zane mai launin fatar fuka, furen ruwa da sandunansu.
- Kasancewar yawancin gashin fuka-fukai a jikin tarin jikin na sama.
- Tsarkakakken launi na alƙalami, tare da halayyar kore mai launi.
- Abubuwan da gashin fuka-fukin a jikin jikin tsuntsaye suke.
Kusa da kaji na daddare (hoto yana ƙaruwa ta danna).
Binciken manoma na kaji gaba ɗaya sun ce Galoshaev hens suna girma sosai a wurare tare da yanayin dumama, amma kuma sun jure da ranakun lokacin sanyi da sauƙi. A wannan lokacin, jini yakan hau zuwa wuyan, wanda ke hana shi daskarewa. Godiya ga wannan fasalin, yana yiwuwa a saki kaji don tafiya ko da a cikin hunturu.
A cikin lokacin sanyi, ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman ga ɗakin da ake ajiye hens. Ya kamata ya zama mai ɗumi tare da iska mai kyau. Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin gidan kada ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 0. Ana tsammanin mafi kyawun canji ne na alamun nunawa daga digiri +5 zuwa +15.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa ƙananan zafin jiki a gidan ya ragu, da ƙarin tsuntsu yakan ci abinci. Wannan ya zama dole don sake mamaye ajiyar makamashi. Don haka tabbatar da nodules a cikin hunturu ba tare da ƙarin ɗakin dumama yana da tsada sosai.
Akasin bayyanar, Galosheyks suna jin dadi a waje a cikin hunturu.
Wajibi ne a bar tsuntsu ya fita yawo a cikin hunturu idan zafin jiki bai fadi kasa da digiri -15 ba. A ƙananan yanayin zafi, adadin da lokacin tafiya yana buƙatar ragewa.
Wani gajeren bidiyo na kaji na Galoshenny yana ba ku damar yin cikakken hoto game da su:
Ciyar da abinci
Galoshenny kaji an kasafta azaman unedsentious breeds, ciyar da ba ya haifar da matsala da yawa. Farmerswararrun manoma masu kiwon kaji suna amfani da tsari da yawa don ciyar da kaji.
Dangane da sake dubawar manoma, kaji na galoshih kaji suna girma da kyau a kan abincin da aka kawo har zuwa watanni 4. Bayan haka an canza su zuwa gauraya masu rigar, wanda ya ƙunshi kayan hatsi da aka murƙushe: masara, alkama, hatsi, sha'ir, gyada. A cikin abincin sharar kifin kaji dole ne ya kasance cikin adadin 5-7% na yawan hatsi da sunflower husk.
A farkon zamanin, ana ciyar da kaji da yankakken hatsi, tare da ƙara ƙwai a ciki. Daga kwanakin 4-5, ana ba da ganye, karas, dankalin da aka dafa da beets a cikin abincin matasa dabbobi. A cikin watanni biyu, an ƙara masara a cikin masu haɗuwa, wanda ke hana kiba da mai da kifin mai. Kajiyoyin kaji dole ne su sami abinci mai yisti, kayan lambu, kayan kiwo da gurnetin da aka murƙushe, wanda ke sake haifar da sinadarin calcium a jiki kuma yana taimakawa wajen hana ɓarna abinci.
Ko da kuwa irin abincin, ya kamata a ba da abinci kowane sa'o'i biyu. Ya kamata a cire duk abincin da ba a gama amfani da shi ba daga brooder, a wanke masu shayar sosai, wanda zai taimaka wajen kula da lafiyar kajin.
Kauyen kaji na Galoshenny suna girma sosai a gaban filin yawo, waɗannan su ne tsuntsayen abubuwan da basa cikin selula, suna buƙatar hasken rana. A kan tafiya da zakaru sami duk abin da ake buƙata na fodder, wanda ya rage yawan haɗarin hatsi. Ruwa koyaushe ya kasance a cikin tsuntsu.
Abincin ya kamata ya hada da hatsi da kayan marmari, wanda zai ba tsuntsu isasshen bitamin da ma'adanai. Ya kamata kwanciyar hankali na tsofaffi ya sami abinci sau biyu a rana. Na farko ciyar za a iya yi tare da rigar dusa, da kuma na biyu tare da fili ciyar.
Abincin abinci: 130 grams na abinci a kowace rana don kaji 1 mai nauyin 2 kilogiram. Tare da karuwa cikin nauyi ga kowane gram 250, ƙara har zuwa gram 10 na hatsi.
Garkunan garken-free daga gona "LPH Moroshkino", yankin Smolensk, der. Vinnitsa.
Kadan daga tarihi
Ba a san asalin ƙasarta na goloshoynih kaji ba (galibi ana ɗaukar shi Spain ne), amma sun zo Rasha ne daga Hungary da Romania fiye da shekaru ɗari da suka wuce, saboda haka suna kiran asalin Transylvanian. Akwai juzu'ai iri daban-daban na asalin nodules - a cewar ɗayansu, tsuntsayen sun bayyana ne sakamakon ƙetare shingen faɗa na Indiya tare da wasu nau'ikan. Wani juzu'i ya ce "tsirara" a cikin kaji wani salo ne na ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ake yada shi ga tsararraki masu zuwa. Kasance kamar yadda yake iya, wakilan wannan nau'in suna yaduwa a wasu ƙasashen Turai (Austria, Moldova), kuma ana samun su a cikin yankuna na kudanci na Tarayyar Rasha.
Chicken asali
Rarraba
A baje kolin kaji a Vienna, an gabatar da rubutattun dabbobi a shekarar 1875, bayan wannan kuma daga shayarwa daga Turai da USSR suka fara zama.
Edan ƙasar Faransa sun ci gaba da inganta halayyar ɗabi'un gado na sanya hins tare da ƙarancin wuyansa, amma sakamakon dabbobin ba su yi kama da kaji na Transylvanian ba.
Ana samun nau'ikan dabbobin da ake buƙata a Austria da Jamus, galibi ana samunsa sosai a ƙimar ƙasarmu, kuma manoman Amurka sun fi son sauran kaji.
Bayanin
Rashin daskararru a wasu sassan jikin mutum a cikin kajin kaji ana bayyana su ta fasalin kwayoyin - gwanayen halittar tsuntsaye. Kayan da aka sanya riga sun riga kunun wuyan wuyan, kuma a kan lokaci, fatar kan ta ya zama mai kauri, ja da lalacewa. A bayan tsuntsayen, an kirkiri wani yanki mai fuka-fukai wanda yayi kama da hula, kuma a gaban wuya yana yin wani abu kamar baka ko abin wuya. Kari akan haka, irin wadannan ruwan sheki basu da ruri a karkashin fikafikan sukuma a ciki kafafuwansu.
Jinyar kaji
Hankali: kwayar halittar da ke da asali ta tsohuwar tsintsiya ita ce mafi rinjaye - a wasu kalmomin, lokacin da tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in suka tsallaka tare da wasu kaji, suma za su sami wuyan tsiraici.
Launi na kaji golosheynnyh na iya zama kowane - baƙar fata da launin ruwan kasa tare da ƙananan yayyafa, ko motley da haske. Suna da kyau squat, jiki yana da ƙarfi, tare da tsoka, babban kirji, fuka-fukan ba su yarda da jiki gaba ɗaya kuma ana saukar da su ƙasa kaɗan. Sauran fasalolin sun hada da karamin kai babba, idanu mai ruwan hoda, crest da 'yan kunne masu launin ja ko mulufi, dan beak mai dan kadan wanda yake da inuwa mai launin shuɗi ko duhu. Kafafun gajere amma tsokoki tare da yatsun kafa huɗu.
Kayan fari mai fuka-fuki
Baya ga wucin gadi, akwai wasu alamu da yawa wadanda ke bambanta wannan nau'in tsuntsayen daga sauran. Saboda haka, tsuntsayen masu mafarki sukamata su kasance da idanu masu duhu, fararen 'yan kunne da bayyana aiyukan rawaya akan wuraren da suke da launin toka, tsarkakakken fari ko launin fuka-fukai. Alamomin makamancinsu na iya nuna alamar kabilanci ko ɓarna.
Kajin suna da hali mai natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali - ba su fara fada ba kuma suna da ma'amala da duk mazaunan farfajiyar tsuntsun. Siffofin halayyar har ila yau sun haɗa da ƙara damuwa da kunci na yadudduka. Amma zakara na iya zama da m, kuma kai hari ba kawai wasu maza, amma kuma a kan masu.
Jackpot Chicken da Rooster
Iri daban-daban
An gabatar da nau'in kaji na Transylvanian a launuka da yawa.
Launin baƙar fata na gashin tsuntsu tare da farin inclusions ya saba da aikin gona na Rasha, wanda ke yin bayanin labarin ƙarancin dangantakar dangi tare da turkey da makamantan su.
Kayan hadin kaji na cokali daban sun bambanta a canza launin launin shuɗi, iri ɗaya ne a maza da mata.
Jumbu mai launin ja yana kama da jigon, amma tare da ja ko ja shimmer na gashin tsuntsu.
Launin launin shuɗi tare da kan iyaka - an rufe Layer da gashin fuka-fukan tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, kowannensu yana kewaye da iyaka mai duhu. Plwaya yana kama da ban mamaki da bambanci da jan wuya.
Launin launuka na Hawk - gashin farar cakulan mai haske tare da sha'awar yin duhu launuka kusa da wutsiya da baya.
Farar fata gashin tsuntsu - jikin kaji an rufe shi da farin gashinsa.
Canza nau'in hens na nau'in nau'in galosh mai cikakke a cikin tsakar gida, babu daidaituwa tsakanin launin alkalami da yawan aiki.
Galosheyk da wuri ya shiga samar da kwai, mai saurin yanayi ne, ba sa mutuwa daga abinci mai daidaitawa.
The Naked Gene
A cewar bayanin, hens na cockshell asali suna kama da turkey saboda rashin gashin gashin wucin gadi mara nauyi. Ban da wuyan wuyan, bangarorin da suke karkashin fikafikansu da kuma goiter din ba su da kyau, har ila yau akwai wani fili a gindin kafafu.
Duk wani nau'in nodules da alama zubar da jini ne ko marassa lafiya, amma a zahiri bald na jikin mutum fasali ne irin na asali.
A karkashin wuraren da ake kira cututtukan gashi suna cikin rashin isawar gashi. Kwancen babbar alamar rashin jin daɗi yana faruwa a lokacin tayi.
An bayyana irin wannan fasalin kaji a cikin labarin “Spanish Galosheki: Bayanin Kayan Chicken”.
Bayyanar
Abubuwan da ke bayan fage na mahaifa: wani silima a sifa mara nauyi, fitattun tsokoki na mafitsara da ciki, rauni ne na fuka-fukai zuwa ga jiki. Kananan kai, idanu masu ja. Legsarfin kafafu na tsayi matsakaici.
A wuya ba shi da tsayi, amma saboda rashin tausayi yana da alama yana da tsawo. Crest is located on the occipital yankin, kuma wani tarin fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka-fuki na irin wannan baka yana a gaban wuya. Tashin wutsiya ya tashi.
An bambanta nau'in kaji a cikin tarin fulawa, wanda ke bayyana sauƙin sau tara gawa. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in gashin fuka-fukan gashin kasa da rabi.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin ɗan halitta
Yawancin manoma sunyi la'akari da wuyan wuyan wakilan wannan nau'in a matsayin kusan mummuna, amma a zahiri wannan fasalin ilimin halittar yana da fa'idodi masu yawa.
- Hannun dabbobi basu zama mai saurin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar cututtukan fata ba, kuma motsin su shine ya fi sauri.
- Yankan kaji yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙe, kuma gawa mai jingina tana da bayyananniyar bayyanar.
- The bare goiter damar kaji makiyayin don sarrafa mataki na jikewa daga tsuntsaye.
- Zai kusan yiwuwa a rasa wakilan wannan nau'in - godiya ga asalin waje, ana iya rarrabe su da tsuntsayen makwabta.
Galoshenny kaji sun tsaya a tsakanin sauran dabbobi
Duk waɗannan abubuwan da ke sama ana iya danganta su da yanayin kwantar da hankula, kyakkyawar ɗanɗano nama da sauƙi na kiyayewa. Rashin halayen sun hada da samar da ƙarancin kayan kwai da kuma bayyanar da ba a saba ba - ba duk manoma ne ke son kiwo dabbobin ba.
Hotunan matattun giyar daji
Kayan yau da kullun
Sun sa ido kan kiyaye ka’idar, in ba haka ba lalacin kajin kaji zai fara.
Idan fata mai rawaya za a iya ganin ta a ƙarƙashin murfin gashin tsuntsu, tsuntsu yana ƙarƙashin abun da ke jawo. Iyakar abin da ya ɓace daga mulkin shine ci gaban matasa. Yana da kyau a jira tsuntsaye su girma don guje wa kurakurai.
Hens tare da lahani masu zuwa suna ƙarƙashin kin amincewa:
- babu wani kwararo a kafafu,
- duhu fatar fuska da idanu,
- shimfidar wurare da suka gabata,
- an rufe gashin wuya da goiter,
- launi tare da shunayya mai ruwan hoda,
- rauni kasusuwa tare da ci gaban kirji tsokoki.
A nune-nune a wuraren kiwon kaji, ire-iren kaji na Transylvanian na jawo hankalin mutane sosai ga fitowar su. Ba a ayyana launi mai launi na tsuntsu ba da ƙimar, kodayake launi na cuckoo yana kama da ban sha'awa.
Abubuwan amfani
Chickens na cockshell asali sun fito don dama da yawa:
- farkon shigowar kwai,
- Abincin da aka ba da tabbaci na turkey
- mai yawa kashi na hatchability da rayuwa da kaji - kusan kashi 95%,
- rashin sani ga ingancin abinci,
- da tsuntsu wajen molts idan aka kwatanta da sauran breeds,
- karancin bayyanar cututtukan fuka-fukan tsuntsu
- karbuwa ga yanayin sanyi da yanayin zafi,
- lura da matakin satikita na kaza a kan fitsarin goiter.
An lura da gabatar da manyan qwai na kaji na cockshell. A kasuwa, 62 g qwai da karfi ko kuma sheki rawaya suna cikin buƙata.
'Yan kasar Transylvian sun saba da yanayin yankin tare da ruwan sanyi da kuma lokacin bazara. Yana jan hankalin yanayin kwanciyar hankali na tsuntsu, kwanciya kwai na yau da kullun, yiwuwar ajiye shi a cikin shara.
Idan kana son samun kwastomomi a farfajiyar, ana bada shawarar karanta labarin "Dakan Fighting Roosters".
Rashin dacewar yaran
Tsuntsu yana birgewa wasu tsuntsayen da ba su da wuya, kodayake dabbobin suna nuna halaye na al'ada da ƙirar kwai.
Notedarancin samar da ƙwai na kaji. Amma tare da gabatarwar bitamin a cikin abinci, yawan aiki yana ƙaruwa.
Kaji ba su da ilhami.
A kan tushen takaitawa, mafi yawan fa'idodi an lura dasu, sannan kuma kaji kaji na galosheyk irin wannan zai kawo farin ciki da yawa. Ko da kaji masu tsinkaye suna hawa zuwa gonar makwabta, ana iya rarrabe su da baka irin wannan a wuyan wuyansu.
Jinyar tsuntsaye
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ba a sanya kaji mai kiwo cikin manyan - an samo su ne musamman a cikin manoma masu kiwon kaji masu zaman kansu. Mafi yawan amfanin gona shine garken, wanda kaji 10 suna da zakara guda. Yankunan kwanciya suna da kyau a aikinsu ba tare da maza ba, amma kasancewar "namiji" a cikin kajin kaza yana ƙara haɓaka ƙwai.
Yana da kyau a sarrafa yawan hens da cocks a cikin garken
Zai fi kyau girma dabbobi da yawa tare da taimakon masu yin incubator, tun da ba sa fitar da abubuwan ɗorawa a cikin dabbobin ruwa ba. Wani lokacin kwanciya hens peck qwai ko barin nests dogon kafin kajin ƙyanƙyashe.Don kwanciya a cikin kwandon shara, ya kamata a ɗauka kwanan nan a kwance (ba a girmi kwana biyar ba) tsabtace matsakaici na matsakaici, bayan tabbatar da cewa babu aibi ko lahani a cikin kwasfa. Zazzabi dakin da aka bada shawarar shi ne digiri 20-22 (alamu kasa da digiri 15 ana ganin ba a yarda da su ba).
Farashin kayan ƙwai
A cikin kwanakin farko na rayuwa, lafiyar lafiyar kajin kaji suna dogara da yanayin kiyayewarsu, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci ga mai shayarwa ya samar musu da yanayi mai gamsarwa. Adana kananan dabbobi a cikin tsabta, daki mai kyau tare da isasshen iska, amma ba tare da zayyanawa ba, a cikin lokacin sanyi - a cikin takin zamani (kajin ba sa yin haƙuri da sanyi). Komawa ga duka yanayi, rayuwar rayuwar kananan dabbobi ta bar kusan kashi 95%.
Zazzabi a cikin dakin da ake ajiye kaji ya dace da wadannan lambobi:
- daga rana ta 1 zuwa ta 5 - digiri 29-30,
- daga 6th zuwa 13th day - 26-28 digiri.
Bayan haka, sama da makonni biyu, za a iya rage yawan zafin jiki a hankali, tare da kawo shi ga mai nuna digiri 18 - wannan shine mafi yawan zafin jiki na kajin na wata-wata. Yalwar kananan dabbobi shine:
- har zuwa mako na 4 - kaji 25 / sq.m.,
- daga 5th zuwa 10th mako - kaji 10-17 / sq.m.,
- daga 10 zuwa 20 na mako - kaji 10 / sq.m.
Don hana kajin daga daskarewa, ya kamata su ba da shimfidar ƙasa - zanen gado, yafa masa saman abinci tare da abinci mai gauraye da masara. Kwana goma na farko bayan haihuwar kananan dabbobi suna bukatar a ciyar dasu kowane sa'o'i biyu. Abincin babiesan jariran-noses ba su da bambanci da sifofin ciyar da jarirai na wasu dabbobi. Da farko suna samun ɓoyayyen hatsi tare da yankakken ƙwai da tafasasshen cuku da gida, wanda ya kamata a canza shi tare da abincin fili don na kaji. Daga rana ta 4 zuwa 5, ana kara ganye a menu na yara; bayan wani kwana biyu ko uku, zaku iya bayar da mai motsa jiki akan yogurt ko garin nama.
Chicken Mash
An fara daga shekarun watanni biyu, ana bada shawara don gabatar da masara akan menu na kaza, wanda baya barin kiba ya bunkasa kuma a lokaci guda yana cike da dabbobi masu kyau.
Don kula da lafiyar kajin, suna buƙatar a basu bitamin da alli (a cikin nau'in ƙuraje mai ƙyalƙyali ko ƙyallen ƙyallen), kuma idan kajin ba su fita zuwa hasken rana ba, suna buƙatar a basu mai kifi.
Shekarun kaji, kwana | 1-5 | 6-10 | 11-20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-50 | 51-60 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 7 | 11 | 18 | 28 | 38 | 45 | |
1 | 1,5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
Boiled dankali, g | - | - | 4 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 20 |
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 30 | |
- | 0,2 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 1,2 | 1,5 | 2 | |
1 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 15 | 17 | 20 | |
1 | 0,2 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,8 | 0,9 | 1 |
Dole ne a kula da tsarin ciyar da dabbobi dabbobin don kada mutane da ke da ƙarfi su ƙi marasa ƙarfi. Bayan cin abinci, tabbatar cewa duba goiter a cikin duk kajin - kajin wanda ya zama fanko, kuna buƙatar ciyar da daban. Yakamata a wanke masu ciyar da abinci nan da nan bayan jariri ya gama cin abincin.
Ruwan kwanon ruwan da masu ciyarwa ba'a sanya su a kasa ba, amma an jingine su a jikin bango domin kawunan suyi saurin zuwa wurin su, amma ba za su iya hawa su gaba daya ba. Gesarfin ƙwayoyi a abinci da ruwa yakan haifar da ci gaban cututtukan hanji.
Dumi da haske
Ana kiyaye hens na cikin ƙasashe masu ɗumi ba tare da gida ba. Amma a kan iyakar ƙasarmu, suna buƙatar ɗakin da ke warmed tare da zazzabi na 5 zuwa 15 Celsius. Kodayake a cikin hunturu an yarda tsuntsu ya tafi yawo a -15 digiri.
Wani lokacin farin ciki na peat ko sawdust zasuyi aiki a matsayin zuriyar zuriyar da ba za'a iya cirewa ba wacce ke haifar da zafi da kuma daukar danshi mai yawa. A cikin yanayin sanyi, ya isa a kwance zuriyar dabbobi, a lokacin rani kuna buƙatar tsaftace gidan sau da yawa daga shakatawar.
Babban ɗaki mai ɗakuna ba hawa sama da mita 1.5 ya dace da faɗan. Irin wannan tsayi zai rage farashin dumama - dumin iska mai dumin jiki ya tara a ƙarƙashin rufin, yana bawa tsuntsu damar daskarewa a cikin hunturu.
Farashi don brooder - keji don kiwon kaji
Ana iya kiyaye kaji na Golosheyny a gida kuma a kan kewayon kyauta - duk da haka, a cikin tsananin sanyi (a ƙasa -15 digiri) yana da kyau a ƙi yin tafiya. Saukar damin kaji wanda za'a kiyaye tsuntsayen shima zaɓi ne, amma akwai guda ɗaya. A cikin yanayin zafi ƙasa sosai, za a kashe kuzarin a kan dumama jikin, wanda zai shafi adadi da ingancin ƙwai. Bugu da kari, a cikin irin wannan yanayi, tsuntsayen zasu cinye mafi abinci, kuma jindadin su zai zama mafi tsada. Ya kamata a kula da zafi a matakin 60-70%, kuma don ɗaukar yawan danshi da gas daga cikin zuriyar dabbobi, ana bada shawara don ba da gidan tare da shimfidar gado mai zurfi wanda bazai maye gurbinsa ba, wanda ya kamata ya kwance lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Gidan tafiya
Ciyar da kaji manya kuma ba zai haifar da babbar matsala ba (galoshes ba sa neman abinci kuma ku ci kusan komai), amma abincin ya kamata ya zama mai daidaita da lafiya. Ya kamata menu ya ƙunshi hadadden hatsi na hatsi, kayan lambu da aka dafa, kayayyakin kiwo, da yisti, gari na alkama, da masara. Imateididdigar lissafin abinci shine 130 g kowace rana ga mutum ɗaya mai nauyin kilogram 2, bayan haka yakamata a ƙara ƙarin g 10 na abinci don kowane gg 250 na nauyi. An ba da shawarar don ciyar da tsuntsaye sau biyu a rana, kuma da safe yana da kyau a gare su su ba masu gauraya tare da kayan lambu da aka dafa, da maraice - hatsi. Ya kamata a sha ruwan sha a kullun, kuma a lokacin rani ya kamata a canza shi sau biyu a rana. Wararrun masu shayarwa sun ba da shawarar ƙara yashi, gishiri a tebur, alli da dutsen kwasfa a cikin abincin, wanda ke taimakawa tsuntsaye mafi kyau wajen narke abinci.
Mai sayan kaji
Babban fasalin wannan nau'in shine cewa suna ba da babbar riba mai yawa tare da isasshen adadin hasken rana, don haka kaji da ke zaune a cikin bukkoki suna buƙatar samar da baranda mai tafiya tare da abinci mai ɗanɗano kore.
Rage tafiya don kaji
Requarin buƙatun
An saka hular kwano ko iska a cikin kuli kaza don guje wa tarawar ammoniya, a lokaci-lokaci sanyaya dakin.
Ana kunna ƙarin hasken wuta kafin fitowar rana a ƙarfe 6 na yamma kuma da maraice a 20 ar, yana ɗaukar tsawon lokacin awoyi zuwa sa'o'i 13-14.
An shirya kajin tare da sharewa da cirewa daga ciki.
A cikin hunturu, ana ba da abincin kalori don dabbobi don rage farashin kuzari na jiki.
Bukatar paddock da aviaries
Idan ana siyar da dillalai musamman don ajiyewa a cikin keji, to, ire-iren kaji na Transylvanian na haɓaka kyakkyawan yanayin tafiya mai nisa tare da yalwar hasken rana.
Ya isa ya kewaye yankin kusa da gidan, shuka ciyawa ko tsirrai masu hatsi don ciyar da kaji.
An ba da izinin ciyawa a cikin wuraren da ke cikin rufin filayen filayen filastik don garke ya ɓuya daga ruwan sama da rana.
Abubuwan da ke cike da cunkoso a cikin sel suna haifar da raguwa a cikin kayan aikin, kuma yakan haifar da mummunan sakamako.
Abincin abinci
Dangane da abun da ke ciki, irin nau'in kaji na Transylvanian ba sa neman kan abin da ke ciki na abincin, an ciyar da dabbobin daidai da sauran mazauna farfajiyar wuraren kiwon kaji. Masu shirin kwanciya suna buƙatar haɓaka abincin kawai idan suna son haɓaka yawan kwai.
Ciyar da abinci na musamman don ciyarwar kaji yana bayar da gudummawa ga ciwan kaji, amma yana da rauni tattalin arziki a cikin yanayin mahalli.
Shawarwarin ciyarwa:
- hatsi kamar alkama, hatsi da masara,
- tumatir fure - ba fiye da 100 g kowace kaza,
- busassun burodi da aka bushe cikin ruwa ko yogurt,
- kayan kiwo,
- nama da kifin sharar gida,
- 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu da kayan marmari na shekara,
- baƙin ƙarfe, alli, bawo, yashi, allo.
A lokacin rani, kaji a kan yawon shakatawa na samun kore da sinadarin furotin. A cikin hunturu, ana gabatar da nettle ko Pine brooms, silage, da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na daji da yawa a cikin abincin.
Farashi da tallace-tallace
Farashin kwai mai shiryawa don nau'in kayan kaji ya fara daga 59 zuwa 74 rubles a kowane yanki, ƙananan dabbobin sun biya daga 80 zuwa 290 rubles kowace kwafi. Ana bayar da kayan kiwo a tarukan musamman ko kuma wuraren taron gona.
Bayani mai gamsarwa game da ƙoshin nubile ya ƙayyade buƙatar ƙyan ƙura don kayan kiwo. Naman Abinci ya shahara a kasuwa, kuma babu buƙatar tara abin kaji bayan yanka.
Manoman Turai sun daɗe suna ba da gawawwakin gawarwakin zuwa ga gidajen abinci mafi kusa, a ƙasarmu ya kasance mafarki na haɗin gwiwa. Ana bada shawarar sayar da samfuran a cikin shagunan kan titi ko otel-otal da ke da matukar muhimmanci ga abincin da ake ci.
Rashin rigakafi
Wani bayyananne shine halin kare girman garkuwar jiki, cututtukan kaji suna ci gaba sau da yawa saboda keta yanayin yanayin tsarewa.
Don gano cututtuka, saka idanu yanayin yanayin tsuntsu. Hens daga cikin mahaifa suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan kumburi daga gidajen abinci, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar lameness da bayyanar tsiro a kan paws. Irin waɗannan mutane ya kamata a jefar da su ba tare da yin amfani da ƙwaiyensu don shiryawa ba.
Wadanne cututtuka ne masu saukin kamuwa da tauraron dan adam?
Kaji na kashin kaji na iya kamuwa da cututtuka daga wani tsuntsu, ƙaramin ƙwayoyi, ko abinci mai inganci. Yi la'akari da alamun cututtukan gama gari.
Colibacteriosis yana faruwa a cikin kananan dabbobi a cikin mummunan yanayin, a cikin tsuntsu mai girma ya zama cuta na kullum. Hens sun ƙi ciyarwa, rasa nauyi, ƙishirwa, squat a ƙafafunsu. Jiyya yana tare da terramycin ko biomycin.
An bayyana Salmonellosis ta hanyar karancin numfashi, kumburi da gidajen abinci, jujjuya kai, kumburi a ciki, zawo. Bayar da mara lafiya dabbobi tare da furazolidone, kaji lafiya kamar yadda prophylaxis tare da syntomycin.
Coccidiosis an gane shi ta hanyar asarar ci, gudawa tare da jini har da fuka-fuki. Nan da nan an canza shi zuwa mara lafiya zuwa sito na daban, ana bi da shi tare da coccidiostatics.
Yin rigakafin
Yarda da ka'idodin tsabtace tsabta zai zama rigakafin cututtukan avian gama gari na kuliyoyin kaji.
Wajibi ne a tara dabbobi a cikin gida mai dumin yanayi tare da samun iska, don yin lalata ta yau da kullun ko sarrafa sarƙar da ke ɗauke da cututtukan.
Lokaci-lokaci, ana bincika hens don parasites. Hakanan ana buƙata: alurar rigakafi da abinci mai daidaita tare da bitamin da kayan abinci na ma'adinai.
Ya ku manoma makiyaya, ku tona asirin kula da tsuntsayen dabbobi a cikin maganganun. Abokan aikin manoma na kiwon kaji suna da sha'awar bayani game da ɓarna, don haka ya cancanci raba cikakken labarin a ranar ƙarshen zafi. Za mu yi godiya ga taurari 5.
Babban bayanin irin nau'ikan kaji
Hoto:
Kayan shanu suna da tsoka mai ƙarfi da iko tare da tsokoki masu tasowa, babban kirji da baya. Su squat, kuma fuka-fuki baya cika ɗaukar jikin, amma, kamar dai, ana saukar da dan kadan ƙasa.
Babban fasalin rarrabewa - rashin jijiyoyin wuya a wuya, yana da alaƙa da ƙwayoyin jini. Gashin tsuntsu sune farkon abubuwan da suka haifar da wannan nau'in tsuntsaye. Ma'ana, kaji da aka tono kawai basu da ragi a wannan sashin jikin. Tare da shekaru, fata akan wuya ya zama mai sa maye kuma yana karyewa, yana samun wadataccen ja mai kyau.
Mahimmanci! Amma ga halayen dabi'a na wannan nau'in tsuntsaye, mata suna da kwanciyar hankali kuma suna tare da mazaunan yadi daban-daban. A wasu wuraren, suna iya ma zama cikin jin kunya da firgita. Amma rowan roko wani lokacin mawuyaci ne, gami da mutane.
Daga cikin sauran kwatancen halaye da halaye na bayyanar kajin nodule, ya dace a haskaka masu zuwa:
- A baya na babba kai yana da irin hula ko tsefe. Gashi dai wani ɗan gajeren abu ne.
- A wuyan matsakaiciyar tsaka-tsayi a gaban, abin wuya ana iya gani, a bayyanar mai kama da baka.
- Sashin ciki na gajerun kafafu da jiki a karkashin fikafikan suma ba su da toshiya.
- '' Earlobes 'ja ko fari ne, beak din yana da launin toka-toka kuma yana dan kara kyau, idanu suna ja.
- Babu wani daidaitaccen launi game da wannan nau'in kaji - ya bambanta daga sautunan cuckoo da aka bambanta zuwa fari fari, launin ja ko cikakken launin baƙi.
Mahimmanci! Babban alamun alamun kin amincewa da nodules kaza
- baki idanu
- launin launi baki na gaban kai,
- lean kunne 'yan kunne
- kasancewar gashin fuka-fukan a ciki da kafafu ko a wuya,
- talauci mai haɓaka,
- wutsiya mai sanyi
- yellowness na fata a kan danda wurare na jiki.
Asalin tarihi
Akwai sigogin da yawa dangane da asalin nau'ikan kaji.
- Kasar Akwai ra'ayoyin da aka shigo da su Rasha daga Romania, don haka wasu sun kira shi Transylvanian. Mabiyan wata akidar sun ce lardin Andalusia a Italiya shine wurin haifuwar wannan nau'in tsuntsayen, a sakamakon haka ana kiransu Spanish.
- Halittu Dangane da fasali daya, wadannan hens sun bayyana ne sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a kan yaƙin hens na Indiya. A gefe guda, tsananin son kai yayin halittar maye gurbi ya kasance alama ce ta ilimin halittar jini, wanda ya fara daga zuriya zuwa tsara.
Yana yiwuwa a sayi kaji na golosheynny don kiwo a cikin gonaki na ƙasa ko ta hanyar sanarwa a cikin ɗakunan tattauna labarai da shafuka na musamman.
A matsakaici, kewayon farashin sun bambanta ta wannan hanyar:
- don kwai ɗaya dole ne ku biya daga 60 zuwa 75 rubles.,
- kowace kaza - daga 80 zuwa 300 rubles.
Nasiha
Goloshinovy kaji suna girma cikin wadata kuma koyaushe, saboda haka, akwai wadataccen bincike game da irin.
Dukkansu sun gangara zuwa fa'idodi masu zuwa:
- Kyakkyawan rayuwa na kananan dabbobi - kashi 95% ana ɗaukar dabi'a.
- Kyakkyawan rashin kyawun nama da sauƙaƙƙen hanyar haɓakawa saboda rashin wadatar jini a wasu sassan jikin mutum.
- Oviposition na farko, tare da kwanciya qwai, ya ci gaba da kwantawa har cikin Disamba da Janairu.
- Kyakkyawan yawan aiki na sanya hens suna kawo rigima ga mutane da yawa, kamar yadda kowane mai tsuntsu yake da fifiko.
- Pickiness da jimiri, har ma a yanayin zafi na subzero.
- Kyakkyawan gabatarwar qwai.
Akwai kawai m daya, kuma wannan shi ne wajen m - da unpretentious bayyanar tsuntsaye.
Yanayin incubator
- Yanayin iska a cikin dakin ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon digiri na 20-22, amma tabbas ba ƙasa da 15 ba.
- Yi wa ɗan ɗabi'a kwalliya da maraice don rage haɗarin zuriya cikin dare.
- Zazzabi a cikin na'urar kansa ya kamata ya zama digiri 38-39 a cikin kwanaki 11 na farko tare da gumi na kashi 30. Ana juye qwai a kowane sa'o'i 2-3.
- A ranar 4 bayan sanya kwan qwai a cikin incubator, kuna buƙatar fara airing.
- Daga ranakun 12 zuwa 19, zazzage ya rage da rabin digiri, da kuma zafi - da kashi 2 cikin dari.
- Daga ranakun 19 zuwa 21 na bayar da cikakkiyar iska na incubator, zazzage ya rage zuwa wani rabin digiri. A wannan lokacin, babu buƙatar kunna qwai.
Yaran dabbobi
Kawai kaji na cocks irinsu da aka haife su suna da matukar damuwa ga yanayi, don haka dole ne a kiyaye waɗannan ƙa'idodi:
- Kyakkyawan iska, amma ba tare da ɓarna mai ƙarfi ba.
- Matsakaicin matsakaici - 25 inji mai kwakwalwa. a cikin 1 m2 a farkon watan, wata mai zuwa da rabi - maƙasudin 17, sannan kuma - babu mutane sama da 10 a cikin 1 m2.
- Dole ne a rufe ƙasa da zuriyar dabbobi, peat ya fi kyau. Ko zaka iya amfani da zanen gado na al'ada ka zuba abinci mai kyau tare da grits masara kai tsaye.
- Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin daki na kwanaki 5 na farko dole ne ya zama yakai digiri 29-30, to har zuwa karshen sati na biyu na rayuwa, ana iya rage brood zuwa digiri 26. A nan gaba, kowane mako suna rage zafin jiki da digiri 3 domin a ƙarshen farkon watan farko na rayuwa kaji sun sami kwanciyar hankali a 18 C.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin da brood ya bayyana a lokacin sanyi, watan farko na rayuwar kajin dole ne a yi amfani da fitilar infrared a cikin dakin.
Amma game da abincin kananan dabbobi, to sai a bi wadannan shawarwari:
- Ciyarwa a cikin makonni 1.5 na farko aƙalla a kowane awanni 2.
- Matakan ciyarwa da kwanon sha suna a haɗe zuwa bango a irin wannan nesa saboda kajin na iya isa da kansu, amma ba hawa tare da ƙafafunsu ba, tunda tsinkayen tsuntsaye na iya haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin kananan dabbobi.
- Bayan ciyarwa, yana da mahimmanci a duba goiter - idan akwai kajin a ciki wanda ba komai, ana ciyar da su daban-daban.
- Ragjin abinci ana cire shi nan da nan bayan kammala abinci.
Kayan menu na kaji na farkon watan rayuwa:
- Zamanin farko na rayuwa, an sanya abinci daga qwai mai tsayayyen abinci, an cakuda shi da cakuda 50 g na gida da 50 g na semolina ko masara ta masara. Wannan shine rabo na kwai kaza 1.
- A madadin haka, zaku iya bayar da cakuda abincin fili don kaji, wanda ya daɗa oatmeal da madara mai ƙyalli daidai gwargwado.
- A rana ta 5 na rayuwa, zaku iya ƙara ganye a cikin abincin, kuma bayan sati ɗaya sun riga sun yi haɗuwa a kan yogurt ko kuma abincin nama.
- Tun daga ranar 10, za a iya ba kaji a gyada dankali, kabewa da zucchini.
Mahimmanci! A cikin watan farko na rayuwa, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a yi amfani da alli ko ƙwanƙwasa ƙwalla a matsayin ƙari, wanda zai zama tushen da ake buƙatar alli sosai.
Cututtuka
Kajin Sassariyanci na kasar Spanish sun shahara saboda kyaun kariyarsu ga cututtuka daban-daban.
Amma kuma suna da rauni, manyan sune paws, saboda haka:
- Yana da Dole a hankali kuma a kai a kai bincika tsuntsaye da lura da lahani yiwuwar - curvature na yatsunsu, kumburi daga cikin gidajen abinci, da samuwar wani farin ciki ko kuma ɗingishi.
- Kuna iya kulawa, bisa ga halayen cutar, amma yawancin lokuta ana aika tsuntsaye marasa lafiya don yanka.
- Zai fi sauki wajan aiwatar da hanyoyin kariya. Sun hada da:
- lalata parasites ta hanyar sharewa na yau da kullun na wuraren zama,
- kawarda abubuwa masu kaifi wadanda zasu iya haifar da lalacewar gabar jiki.
- Hakanan, kaji suna yin wanka na ash.
Kayan kaji Galosh sun dace sosai kuma suna da fa'ida ga noma nama na kasuwanci da kasuwanci akan karamin sikeli. Suna da nutsuwa kuma ba a fassara su ba, suna ɗaukar qwai da kyau ko da a cikin lokacin sanyi, kusan ba su yin rashin lafiya kuma suna da bayyanar ban sha'awa.
Siffofin asali
Bayanin kaji na dare ba wani sabon abu bane; har ila yau suna da wasu kamanceceniya da turkawa. Nappies basu da gashin fuka-fukai ba wai kawai a wuyan ba, har ma a yankin hakarkarin, watau a karkashin fikafikan, shima a kan kafafun kafa na ciki. Ya danganta da “daidaituwar” nau'in, an yanke yawan adadin zano a jikin tsuntsu.
An haifi kaji na wannan nau'in tare da iyawa, wato, yankuna ba tare da gashin fuka-fukai ba. Tare da shekaru, wannan fata na fata ta yi ja.
Hens da roosters suna halin haske masu ɓoyayyen haske tare da wrinkles a cikin wuraren da ba komai. A bayan kai akwai ƙaramin yanki wanda fuka-fukai masu kama da hula. A gaban wuya akwai gaban abin wuya gashinsa. Wannan tsuntsun da ba a saba da shi yana da launin baƙi, launin ruwan kasa, wanda a ciki akwai launuka, wanda, a biyun, ana iya bambanta da haske. Shugaban matar Bahaushe babba ce, ƙarami ne babba.
Idanun kaji suna da launin shuɗi-ja, ƙyalli da catkins ja. Ana nuna gemu da wasu alamu, launin rawaya ne ko launin ruwan kasa. Tsuntsu na squat, tana da ƙwayar tsoka mai ƙarfi, babban sternum. Fuka fuka-fukan ba su da kusancin jiki gaba daya, ana saukar da su kasa. Yatsun kafafu na takaice, tsoka, yana da yatsu 4. Wadannan kaji ana alamu dasu da baya mai tsawo da ciki babba.
Mace ta gaske ta Sifen ba wai kawai halin mahaukaci yake ba, amma kuma ba zai iya samun idanu duhu ba, fararen 'yan kunne da kuma rawaya mai haske akan loban da ba za su iya yin komai ba. Hakanan ana nuna alamar wakilcin wakilcin fararen fata mai tsabta ko launin farar fata mai tsabta. Matan wannan nau'in suna da yanayin kwanciyar hankali da lumana, ba sa shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe kuma sun sami damar yin hulɗa tare da sauran wakilan tsuntsaye a cikin yadi. Suna da damuwa da tsoro.
'Yan uwan rogo, a biyun, suna da m; suna iya kaiwa hari ba dangi kadai ba, har ma da mutane.
Dankali ake kira wakilin nama da nau'in kwai. Babban m halaye na Mutanen Espanya irin:
- zakara mai nauyi - 3000-3500 grams, kaji - 2000-2500 grams,
- samar da kwan - kimanin guda 160 a shekara,
- kwai nauyi - 60 grams,
- kaji na fara yin oviposition a makonni 23 na rayuwa.
Yadda za a yi girma?
Lokacin girma noodles, yana da mahimmanci don samar da dabbobin gida tare da madaidaicin tsarin zafin jiki a cikin kuli kaza. Duk da gaskiyar cewa Bafulatanin tsuntsu ne mai tsananin wuya, idan yanayin bai dace da ita ba, ba za ta kashe kuzarinta ba ta ƙara yawan motsa jiki ko ƙirar kwai ba, amma akan daidaita yanayin zafin jiki. Idan dakin yayi sanyi - digiri 5, to kaji zai daina yin saurinsa.
Yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau a cikin dakin da ake ajiye kajin ya kasance daga digiri 12 ne zuwa digiri 16, yayin da zafi yakamata yakai kusan 60%. Don ingantaccen ɗaukar ƙwayar litter, danshi da gas, ana bada shawarar yin zuriyar dabbobi bisa gyada. Wannan lokaci ana kwance lokaci-lokaci. Don hana kaji daga ƙazantar, ya zama dole a wadatar da isashshen abinci da iskar gas a ciki.
A cikin kaka da hunturu, ingancin kwanciya kwanciya ya dogara da tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana. Don rashi ƙarancin hasken rana, ya cancanci hawa marasa hankali a cikin kajin kaji. Gaaƙƙarfan ƙazamar abinci haram ne, saboda haka, a wannan batun ba za su wahalar da sojoji ba. Tushen abincinsu yakamata ya kasance hatsi, dankali, gari, Clover, kayan lambu, amfanin gona, kayan kiwo. Hakanan, abincin Mutanen Espanya ya kamata ya haɗa da yisti, harsashi, hatsi na masara.
Kyakkyawan zaɓi don ciyarwar tsuntsu shine ma'aunin fili mai daidaita wanda ke ciyar da jikin kaji tare da bitamin da ma'adanai. Adultaya daga cikin kaji daya mai nauyin gram 2,000 yana buƙatar gram 130 na abinci. Tare da karuwa a cikin nauyin jiki na 250 grams, yana da daraja ƙara 10 grams na abinci. Ma'adinai da kuma bitamin koto na iya haɓaka samar da kwai a cikin ruwa.
Ciyar da tsuntsaye ya kamata a aiwatar da su sau biyu a rana, wato da safe da maraice.
Tarihin bayyanar kaji
Zuwa yau, babu yarjejeniya a kan asalin asalin nau'in kaji. Kwararru suna yin la'akari da sigogi da yawa. Wasu sun yi imani cewa kaji na dutsen ya fito ne daga tsarukan Transylvania (ƙasar Romania ta zamani). Don haka sunayensu “Transylvanian” da “Semigrad” suka zo.
Dangane da wani fasalin kuma, a cikin Romania wannan nau'in ya zama tartsatsi, kuma Andalusia, mai cin gashin kanta na Spain, yakamata a yi la'akari da ainihin ƙasar haihuwa na nafu. Abin da ya sa ake kiran su da Mutanen Espanya.
An ambaci farkon tsuntsayen wannan nau'in halittar ne a cikin 1875 a Austria. A cikin kasashen CIS, Semigrad hens ya zama sananne a cikin 1930. A halin yanzu, galoshes sun shahara musamman a Jamus da Faransa. A United Kingdom, kaji irin na kaji ba kasada ba, kuma a Amurka gaba daya ba ya nan.
Daga ra'ayin kwayoyin, babu batun yin jayayya. An tabbatar da kimiyance cewa wannan nau'in tsattsauran ra'ayi ne wanda ya fito daga zuriyar Banking Jungle hens.
Abubuwan halaye na waje
Babbar halittar kaji daga wasu nau'ikan ana bambanta ta da kamannin asali. A wuyan wucin gadi da goiter, wadannan tsuntsayen gaba daya basu da kwari. An rarraba gashin fuka-fuki ba tare da banbanci a jikin - ratsi, duk da haka, yayin da wuraren da aka fallasa ga goiter an rufe su gaba daya ta kusa da gashin fuka-fukan da kuma saboda haka ake iya ganuwa. Haka kuma babu wani daddare a kan karamin alwati mai launin fata a ciki na kafafu.
Ga tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in, kirjin da aka zagaye tare da tsokoki na jikin mutum yana da halayyar halaye. Jikin yana da elongated, dan kadan ya tashi, yana da siffar silinda. Jikin yana da murabba'i huxu a sifa tare da gwargwado na zurfi da tsawon 1: 2. Girma da nauyin cocksuckers matsakaici ne.
Hakanan, kaji suna da ciki mai kauri da dogon baya. Fuka fuka-fukan an inganta su sosai. Suna kusa da jiki kwance kuma an saukar da su ƙasa kaɗan. Kafafu suna da ƙarfi, amma ba tsayi, tare da yatsunsu huɗu, rawaya-orange ko launin toka.
Idan jiki yana fentin fari, to, metatarsus, a keɓance, na iya kasancewa fari. A yayin aiwatar da molting, cikakkiyar sabuntawa na saman fata na fata yana faruwa. Shugaban yana da fadi, ƙarami a ciki. Crest na iya zama ruwan hoda ko ganye. An gabatar da gashin fuka-fuka kan kai a cikin wata karamar hula.
Umarfafa a gaban wuyan yayi kama da baka. M, da jan launi. A wuya ya ja, mai kauri da kauri. Idanun ja ja-ja. 'Yan kunne na bakin ciki ne, zagaye. Lissafin launin rawaya ne, dan kadan ya lanƙwasa. Tailarfin wutsiya mai ƙanƙan ƙaramin ƙarami ya tashi sama. Ganyen fata na da fadi amma gajeru.
Manufa da halayya mai inganci
Kayan alchemy na nufin ƙwanƙwasa tare da hatsi, nama-da-kwai jagoranci na yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Kayan ƙwai ya kai ƙwai 150-180 a shekara. Hean ƙwayar ƙwai na da ɗanɗano mai kirim. Weightwararren ƙwai yana daga 55-60 g. Duk da ɓarkewar ɓarna a jiki, hens suna jure sanyi sosai, sabili da haka, har cikin Disamba da Janairu, suna kula da samar da ƙwai mai kyau.
Galosheki fara yin saurin yana da watanni shida. Kayan kaji masu dorewa ne, marasa ma'ana a cikin kulawa kuma suna girma da sauri. Yawan nauyi na zakara ya karu daga kilogiram 2.5 zuwa kilogiram 3, kuma yawo - daga kilogiram 2 zuwa 2.5. Tasteanɗar da naman wannan nau'in ya yi kama da turkey.
Yanayin yanayin zafi yayin girma dabbobi
Daga ranar farko ta rayuwar kaji, ya zama dole a lura da tsarin yanayin zafin daidai, kowane yanayin zazzabi a cikin zafin jiki na iya lalata dabbobin gaba daya.
Shekarun kaji | Da shawarar zazzabi |
0-5 kwana | 28-30 digiri |
6-13 rana | 26-28 digiri |
20-30 rana | 20 digiri |
A karshen watan farko na rayuwa, zazzabi a cikin dakin da ake kiyaye kajin ya kamata ya kasance a digiri 18. A ranakun sanyi, ana amfani da fitilun lantarki don dumama.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na irin
Kyakkyawan halayen kaji na ɗanyen kaji sun haɗa da:
- unpretentiousness a barin da kuma ciyar,
- saboda yanayin sihiri na rushewa, gurbata abu ne mai sauki kuma mai sauri,
- kwanciyar hankali wanda zai basu damar zama tare da sauran kaji,
- dandano nama yana da kama da irin abincin turkey,
- farkon farko na oviposition,
- kyakkyawan gabatar da qwai
- babban kudade na hatchability (kusan kashi 95%),
- jure low da kuma yanayin zafi,
- ana amfani da tsattsarkar wuyan wuyan wucin gadi a cikin kiwo wasu nau'ikan, musamman maɓallin broiler (yana haifar da raguwa a cikin zafin jiki, yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka nauyin kaji, yana inganta ingancin gawa idan aka kwatanta da dillalai masu kyau, ƙara yawan ciyarwar).
Misalai:
- bayyanar rashin sha'awa, saboda abin da wasu manoma suka ki kiwo daga wannan nau'in,
- talauci mai tasowa na cikin uwa (kaji an bada shawarar ko dai don yin amfani da hanyar incubator ko kuma sanya ƙwai don sauran halittun),
- matsakaiciyar ƙimar ƙimar.
Yanayin haske don yadudduka
Ba wai zafin jiki kawai a gidan yana shafar yawan aikin kwanciya ba, har da tsawon lokacin awoyi. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, ƙarin hasken wuta wajibi ne a cikin gidan don rama rashin ƙarancin hasken halitta.
Don samar da kwai mai kyau a cikin hunturu, kaji suna buƙatar hasken rana na sa'o'i 14. Ana ba da haske ta wani takamaiman tsari. Lamura suna kunnawa daga 6 zuwa 8 na safe, kuma daga awanni 17 zuwa 20. A cikin yanayin girgije, hasken wuta yakamata ya ci gaba daga 6 na safe zuwa 8 na safe. Karanta ƙari game da nau'ikan hasken wuta a cikin kayanmu.
Kaji (a cikin hoto - kawai an guntu) Kunnuwa suna kama musamman masu ban sha'awa da marasa tsaro.
Sayi
Kuna iya siyan kaji na Holosheyny a cikin "Gene Pool" a cikin Pushkin (shafi a cikin kundin tarihin masu samar da kayan gona). Daga Yuli zuwa Disamba, Farashin kwai mai fashewa zai zama 50 rubles, a cikin bazara - har zuwa 70 rubles (bayani yayi kamar na kaka 2016). Hakanan akan siyarwa (da wuya) ci gaban matasa.
Abin da ke da mahimmanci, babu kusan sake dubawa game da ingancin wannan nau'in daga manoma. An lura da babban girman (da haɓaka mai girma) na tsuntsu.
A cikin sashen Sergiev Posad na "VNITIP" (bayani game da shi a nan) sayar da kaji na yau da kullun Golosheyek a 50 rubles a duk shekara (a watan Agusta - 45 rubles). Farashin a nan yafi cin riba, amma debe ba koyaushe ake ɗaukar ingancin annabta ba, galibi masu siye ba sa murna da sakamakon.
Mesh netting farashin
Haɗin ƙwai na nodules ya dogara ne da tsawon lokacin awoyi, don haka a lokacin hunturu, kwanciya yadin na iya rage yawan aiki ko ma a daina hanzari. Don rama hasken rana ta amfani da hasken fitila, kuma ayi shi kamar haka:
- mafi kyau duka hasken rana awa don kyakkyawan kwai yakamata ya zama aƙalla 14 kuma ba fiye da awanni 16 ba,
- fara daga karfe 5 na safe, kunna wutar a gidan ku bar ta har sai ya yi haske a bayan taga,
- Da yamma, kunna wutar rabin sa'a ko awa daya kafin faɗuwar rana ka bar ta har zuwa awanni 20.
Fitilar Coop
Bugu da kari, yana da mahimmanci a zabi hasken hasken, tunda a cikin haske mai tsananin haske, hens zai fara samun damuwa da fada, kuma hasken haske zai yi mummunan tasiri kan karuwar nauyi da kuma samar da kwai. Mafi kyawun matakin haske shine ɗakuna 20 - alal misali, a cikin ɗakuna 6 sq.m. ana iya samar dashi ta kwanyar wutar lantarki mai nauyin sittin sittin a wani tsawan tsayin 2 m.
Kayan kiwon kaji
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa
The nubs suna da matukar ƙarfi rigakafi, amma paws za a iya daukan wani rauni tabo a jikinsu. Don kauce wa mummunan cututtuka, mai mallakar kaji ya kamata ya bincika dabbobi a kai a kai, yana mai da hankali sosai ga jarrabawar ƙasan ƙafafun. Alamomin cutar rashin lafiya na iya zama lambobin lamuni, yawan yatsu, kumburi da gidajen abinci, ko kuma bayyanar fararen fatar launin toka a kan kafafu (“ƙafafun tausayi”). A lura ya dogara da takamaiman cuta, amma a mafi yawan lokuta tsuntsu ba hagu zuwa asali, amma ya aika zuwa yanka.
Don hana irin wannan cututtukan, yakamata a tsaftace kullun kuma a shafe gidan kaji don lalata kwari, cire duk abubuwan da zasu cutar da tsuntsaye, sannan kuma shirya kaji a cikin wanka na ash.
Daga kwanakin farko na rayuwa, kajin ya kamata ya sami abinci mai daidaita tare da bitamin da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci. Bai kamata a ajiye dabbobi da yara a dunƙule ko matattara mai sanyi ba - wannan na iya haifar da lanƙwasa yatsunsu da cututtukan kumburi na kaji.
Kuna hukunta da sakamakon kwararrun masu shayarwa, hens masu kiwon kaji ba sa haifar da matsaloli masu mahimmanci, kuma daidaitaccen abinci, tsabta a gidan da isasshen adadin hasken rana zai zama mabuɗin lafiyar lafiya da haɓakar tsuntsaye.
Kulawa da kulawa da jinya
Wadannan tsuntsayen sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin Soviet Union akan gonaki na gama gari, gonaki na jihar da gonakin kaji a Moldova da yamma na Ukraine, sannan ana kiran wannan kiwo da Transylvanian. Koda a baya, kafin yakin, wadannan kaji ana kiransu Semigrad galoshneynaya.
Yanzu makiyaya da manoma da ke da sha'awar hakan irin kajizai sami tsuntsu da sunan - spanish galoshke. Ko da ta yaya ake kiransu, manyan abubuwan da ke kiyayewa da kulawa da tsuntsayen ba su canzawa ba kuma sun dogara ne kan yanayin da tsuntsayen suke rayuwa.
Don ci gaba da kaji a Rasha, ba shakka, kuna buƙatar gidan kare kaji na cikin gida, kuma a Spain, tsuntsaye suna da wadatuwa sosai tare da farce a ƙarƙashin wata alfarwa. Janar abun ciki kaji hens:
- mafi yawan zafin jiki mafi kyau a cikin kajin kaji yana daga 10 zuwa 15 digiri Celsius, zai iya zama mafi girma
- kasancewar tafiya ta kyauta
- yin amfani da zuriyar dabbobi, peat yana sarrafa danshi, shine, ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta,
- sarrafa abincin abinci na tsuntsu, golosheki mai hawa da yawa yana girma da kyan gani, yana cin abincin da aka shirya a fili,
- gaban incubator da niyyar kiwo.
Tunda galibi ana shuka nodules ne saboda yawan kwai da kuma ƙayyadaddun ingancin ƙwai, yakamata a yi la’akari da lokacin da suke adana su. kwanciya hens kai tsaye ya dogara da tsawon hasken rana.
A hoton wani zakara ne
Sabili da haka, a takaice kwanakin hunturu suna buƙatar ƙarin, tare da rashi don rashin hasken, shine, ayyukan kaji. Anyi shawarar yin wannan kamar haka:
- Da safe, kunna wutan artificial daga karfe 5 na safe har zuwa lokacin da alfijir ya waye,
- da maraice, kunna haske ga tsuntsaye rabin sa'a ko awa daya kafin faɗuwar rana, har zuwa lokacin da kansu da kansu suka fara kwanciya kuma har zuwa wannan lokacin, wanda yafi dacewa da wani gidan.
- awanni hasken rana don samar da kayan yau da kullun yakamata ya zama aƙalla sa'o'i 14 kuma bai wuce 16 ba.
Amma ga abinci mai gina jiki na tsuntsaye, ba sa ware abinci, yana ɗaukar komai. Sabili da haka, ya kamata mutane su kula cewa masu ciyarwar suna da daidaitattun hatsi na hatsi ko abinci da aka yi da shi.
Wadannan tsuntsayen ba sa buƙatar wani ƙarin kulawa ko kulawa na musamman, amma bisa ga sake dubawa wadanda suka rike su a gona, hen cocks Suna da halin aminci da kwanciyar hankali kuma suna da kyau tare da duk sauran mazaunan gidan.
Kiwo da ciyar da dabbobin ruwa
Da yake magana game da abinci mai gina jiki na kaji, ya kamata a sake lura da cewa galosha ba zai zaɓi ƙarin "hatsi" wa kanta ba, saboda haka ya zama dole a tabbata cewa tsuntsu yana da duk abin da yake bukata. Amma ga dukkan kaji, na waɗannan tsuntsaye wajibi ne cewa akwai:
- hatsi
- kayan lambu
- alli
- Clover gari
- yisti
- masara (na zaɓi, amma kyawawa).
Koyaya, baza ku iya rikice muku ta hanyar haɗuwa ba, amma ku sayi abincin da aka shirya. Yawancin manoma ba sa amfani da kayan haɗin da aka shirya saboda rashi mara amfani, amma idan akwai dabbobin ruwa a kan gonar, wannan batun ba shi da mahimmanci, saboda yawan haɓakar kwai da ke samarwa.
Da yake sanin ƙwai waɗannan tsuntsayen, zai yuwu a riƙe ragowar mazaunan tattalin arziƙin. Gabaɗaya, tsuntsu ɗaya wanda ya girma yana cin abinci daga 130 zuwa 150 na abinci a kowace rana, wanda ba shi da yawa. Suna ciyar da noodles daidai kamar yadda sauran kaji - safe da maraice.
Bayan sayi kaji noodles, duk wani mai gona ba da dadewa ba ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin kiworsu. Anan, kajin kaji suna kwantawa da irin wannan sifar irin wannan a matsayin "rashin yarda" don kyankyasar kwai. A galoshes suna da hankali da kulawa da kulawa ga iyaye, amma, a takaice - sunanan abubuwa masu banƙyama. Sabili da haka, don kiwo zaka buƙaci mai kawo incubator.
Amma wannan shine kawai wahalar. Adadin rayuwar zuriya a cikin nymphs yana da girma sosai - 95-98%. Kula da kajin ba da banbanci ba banbanci da kula da wasu kaji.
Galosheka kaji suna da kyau kwarai da gaske
A farkon rayuwarsu, kaji suna da hankali. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a sanya yara a cikin busassun, iska mai iska, amma ba tare da zayyana ba, ɗakin tare da zazzabi na 26 zuwa 30 digiri Celsius.
Yayin da kajin ke girma, yawan zafin jiki yakamata ya ragu, kuma a rana ta 30 kafin rayuwarsu ya zama ya zama digiri 18-20. Amma game da ciyarwa, ba ta bambanta da ciyar da talakawa, marasa kan gado.
Farashi da sake dubawa game da galoshes
Nazarin manoma kaji game da wannan nau'in kaji suna ta alakanta su. Haka kuma, wannan ya shafi ba wai don samar da kwai kaɗai ba, har ma ga nama. Bayan haka. lokacin yankan, ba kwa buƙatar datse wuyan tsuntsun, wanda shima yana ƙara fa'idarsa idan aka kwatanta da wasu.
Bugu da kari, naman kaji yana da alaƙa da turkey ga dandano, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da shi wajen dafa abinci waɗanda ke buƙatar girke-girke na turkey kuma, a sakamakon haka, rage farashinsu, amma ba ya rage ƙanshinsu.
A cikin Turai, galoshnevye sun shahara sosai a cikin kananan gonaki na duniya, suna sayar da samfura a cikin gidajen cin abinci biyu da kuma shagunan yanka na gida. A Rasha, ba a inganta irin wannan hulɗar ba tukuna, amma tana samun ci gaba.
Misali, gidajen cin abinci na gefen hanya da kuma otal otal na shekaru da yawa, saboda sun fi son yin aiki kai tsaye tare da manoma na gida. Zaku iya siyan tsuntsayen gidan gonarku ta hanyoyi biyu - ku sayi kaji ko ƙwai domin kwanton ruwa. Farashin kaza na wuyan kaza a matsakaita ya kai daga 59 zuwa 74 rubles a kowace kwai don ƙyamar kuma daga 80 zuwa 290 rubles kowace kaji.
Kuna iya siyan kaji ta amfani da dandalin manoma na musamman, sanarwar sanarwa ko a bikin noma, mafi girma ana yin shi ne a kasarmu a Sergiev Posad sau biyu a shekara.
Bayanin kaji na Galosheka ba zai zama cikakke ba tare da ambaton cewa irin wannan a cikin shekaru goman da suka gabata ya shahara sosai ga masu shayarwa, duka yan koyo da manyan kamfanoni.
Kajin da aka nuna
Misali, Faransawa, kamfanin SASSO, wanda ke gudanar da zabin kaji na "launi", ya barnatar da wasu halaye da aka sani ga manoma da makiyaya a matsayin galosheyny na Faransa.
Gabaɗaya, tsuntsu ba kawai dacewa ba ne don kiyayewa da riba mai yawa, har ma yana ba da gudummawa a cikin kiwo, wanda ke jawo hankalin shugabannin kamfanoni da yawa. Dukansu masu farawa da waɗanda ke da kwarewa sosai.
Yaya za a zabi abin da ya dace?
Lokacin zabar kaji don dalilai na kiwo, yana da mahimmanci a san menene alamun buƙatar kulawa da abin da ke nuna aure a cikin kiwo. Tsarin tsinkayen kaji na daddare za'a iya tabbatar dashi idan tsuntsu:
- lean kunne 'yan kunne
- baki baki
- duhu idanu
- a cikin yankuna ba tare da daskararre ba, fatar tana da launin shuɗi,
- sigar jiki da rauni jiki,
- wutsiya mai sanyi
- wuyansa da ciki na kasan kafafun an rufe su da rushewa.
A cikin tsalle-tsalle (alal misali, giciye tsakanin ƙwallan dare da na kaji), za a kuma buɗe wuyan saboda girman hanyar Na. Koyaya, aƙalla ɗayan duk alamun zasu kasance, kuma ba da bambanci ga matsayin irin.
Don kyakkyawan kiyaye tsuntsaye da haɓaka haɓakarsu ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau duka don rayuwa.
Chicken coop na'urar
Wurin bushewa da dumi, wanda zai fi dacewa kariya daga iska mai sanyi, an zaɓi ga kaji. A matsayin kayan gini yana halatta amfani da tubalin, adobe, allon, dutse, bulogin dumi ko bangarori. Idan zaɓin ya faɗi akan kayan da aka sako (dutsen harsashi, adobe), don guje wa chipping bango tare da kaji, ya kamata ka kare su daga ƙasa tare da raga har zuwa 80 cm high.
Za a iya yin rufin kowane kayan kayan ruwa da gable, wanda zai kare rufin daga yawan zafi. Ana amfani dashi, a matsayin mai mulkin, don adana kayan gado da abinci mai ciyawar bitamin. Don saitin rufi, ya fi kyau zaɓi itace. Mai hita shine yumbu da aka cakuda shi da ɗanɗano da bambaro. Ya kamata Windows ta kasance mai sauƙin buɗewa da sauƙi cirewa. Dole ne a ɗaga saman ƙasa da aƙalla cm 20. Zai iya zama katako, laka, laka ko kwalba.
Lokacin da ake ajiye kaji a ƙasa, ana amfani da zuriyar da ba za'a iya musanyawa ba wacce ke riƙe da zafi sosai. An shimfiɗa zuriyar dabbobi zurfin ƙasa a wannan hanyar:
- zuba lemun tsami fluff, wanda hidima don sha wuce haddi danshi da disinfect bene (a cikin kudi na 0.5 kilogiram a 1 sq m),
- an ajiye zuriyar dabbobi da tsayin 5 cm a saman, wanda aka kara yayin aiki kuma yayin da yake datti ta yadda bayan shekara guda tsayinsa ya kai 20 cm.
Matsakaicin, kimanin 7-8 kilogiram na kayan gado a kowace kaji a shekara. Kamar yadda za a iya amfani da sawdust, peat, shavings, yankakken bambaro, dabe, masara mai yalwatacce, sunflower husk da sauran kayayyakin sako-sako. Don haka ba a haɗa zuriyar dabbobi ba kuma ba danshi ba, ya zama dole a kwance shi sau ɗaya a mako. A saboda wannan dalili, zaku iya zuba hatsin a kai. Kaji zai fira kuma a lokaci guda za su kwance shi. Tare da matsanancin danshi a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, an rufe shi da ruwan lemun tsami ko superphosphate (200-300 g a 1 sq. M na yankin bene).
Shayar da kaji, wuraren ciyarwa, ciyawa, da sauran suma suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye hensginle. An ciyar da masu kiwo da abubuwan baka wanda saboda haka yana yiwuwa a kwashe su a ko ina a cikin kajin kaji ko kuma tafiya. A cikin masu ciyarwa ya kamata a ba su tare da tarnaƙi na ciki na faɗin 2 cm, wanda zai rage da kashi 35% na yiwuwar zub da abinci yayin ciyar.
Masu shayarwa na dogara da za a iya yin su da baƙin ƙarfe, itace ko filayen filastik da aka yanka a cikin rabin tsayi suna da mashahuri. Tsawan tsaran masu shayarwa shine 2 cm a kowane kai.
Ana sanya ciyayi a tsayi na 50-60 cm daga bene. A wannan yanayin, qwai ba zai zama datti ba, kuma yawan yaƙin za su ragu, sabanin idan an kwashe hens a ƙasa.
Ya kamata a gabatar da firam a cikin inuwa, wurare masu sauƙi don tsabtatawa da tarin kwai. A cikin inuwa, hens suna jin kwanciyar hankali kuma ana ɗaukar su da kyau. Hakanan, kajin kaji yana sanye take da kayan maye, waɗanda suke a zaman wurin hutu na tsuntsayen dare.
Perches a cikin nau'i na sandunan zagaye na katako tare da gefuna masu zagaye suna da nisan giciye na 4x7 cm Wadannan wadatattun suna ba da izinin tsuntsaye ya ɗaura yatsunsu ba tare da ɓacin rai ba kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga kwanciyar hankali. Ana kafa Perches a cikin kudi na 20 cm a kai, kuma nisa tsakanin su ya zama akalla 35 cm.
Ba'a ba da shawarar sanya madaidaiciya daidai da nau'ikan matakala ko nunin faifai ba, tunda saboda sha'awar tsuntsayen su ɗauki matsayi na sama, yin gwagwarmaya kuma, a sakamakon haka, raunin da peritonitis mai yiwuwa ne. An saita shinge a tsayi na 50-60 cm daga bene kusa da bango kusa da taga kahon kaji.
Wurin yin tafiya ya kamata a ɗaura shi da tsayi mai tsayi mita 2. Don samun hanyar fita daga ciki, yi manholes a bangon gidan da tsayin 10 cm daga bene. Girman manhole shine 30x35 cm.
Microclimate
Yana da mahimmanci a kula da wani microclimate a cikin ɗakin. Kiwon lafiya, kaji, amfaninsu da kuma amfani da abinci ta fuskoki da yawa sun dogara da yanayin zafin jiki, hasken wuta, da kuma yanayin walwala.
Duk da juriyarsu, kaji na golosheyny a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa mai daɗi, ba za a kashe dakaru na gina nauyi mai rai ko samar da kwai ba, sai dai a ci gaba da zafi. Don sake juyar da ajiyar makamashi, tsuntsaye za su ci abinci sosai, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarin farashi.
A zazzabi na 1-4 ° C, kaji za su ci gaba da yin tururuwa, amma yawan amfanin su zai ragu da kashi 15-20%. Lokacin da iska zazzabi ta sauka zuwa -5 ° C, haɓakar kwai zai daina tsayawa gaba ɗaya. Mafi jin daɗi sune ƙimar zazzabi a cikin kuli kaza +5 + 15 ° С. Sabili da haka, a yawancin gonaki na kaji a cikin hunturu, gidajen kaji suna da zafi, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a kula da yawan amfanin gona a cikin hunturu.
A yanayin zafi a cikin dakin, kaji sun rasa abincinsu, suna shan ruwa da yawa, suna numfasawa da sauri, zauna tare da gemu kuma buɗe fikafikan su yada. Kuma a dabi'ar 38-40 ° C a cikin awanni biyu, tsuntsun na iya mutuwa sakamakon yawan zafi. Idan zazzabi, ya yi akasin haka, yana ƙasa da al'ada, tsuntsayen sun cika makil, wanda zai haifar da mutuwa daga shaƙewa.
Matsakaicin zafi yakamata ya zama 60-70%. Abun gas ɗin iska da musayar iska suna da babban tasiri ga kaji. Wani tsuntsu mai girma yakan saki kimanin lita hudu na carbon dioxide kowace rana. Amnon da hydrogen sulfide an fito da su daga zuriyar dabbobi da magudanan ruwa. Wadannan gas din suna rage tasirin tsuntsu, da cutar da lafiyarsa da yawan aiki. Don guje wa waɗannan lamuran, an shirya iska mai iska. Wannan tsarin zai ba ku damar samar da iska mai tsabta a cikin ciki da cire iska mai lahani, iska mai laushi da ƙarancin zafi.
Haɗin kwai na nodules shima yana tasiri sosai da tsawon lokacin awoyi. A cikin aikin kaji, ana amfani da wasu hanyoyin hasken wuta daban-daban. Hanya mafi sauƙi kamar haka: ba tare da la'akari da shekarun tsuntsu da lokacin shekara ba, jimlar tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana (na halitta da wucin gadi) ya kamata ya zama awanni 15-16 a kowace rana.
Amfani da irin wannan tsarin mulki na iya ƙara haɓaka fitar da ƙwayayen kaji. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da fitilun lantarki ko fitila mai ƙarfin 40-60 watts. Ana ganin hasken al'ada ne a matakin 20 lux (lux). Haske kasa da 5 lux bai isa ba. Kaji na ci da sha kadan, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar yawan aiki da haɓaka nauyi a rayuwa.
Haskakawar haskakawa (fiye da 25 lux) mai haɗari ne saboda tsuntsayen suna zama masu zafin jiki kuma suna iya komawa cannibalism.
Tsabtace gida
Kayan gidan Chicken shine muhimmin aiki a cikin kula da kaji. Yana taimaka hana ci gaban cututtukan. A sakamakon haka, kaji suna rashin lafiya, yawan amfaninsu ya ragu, kuma ƙwai sun kamu da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari (alal misali, salmonella ko Proteus). Ana aiwatar da tsabtacewa ne kowane watanni biyu a jerin tsauraran matakai, bayan cire tsuntsaye daga kuli kaza:
- Tsaftacewa. Bude goge ya cire dattin, fuka-fukai, sharan gona da gado daga bene, ɓarna da sauran wurare. Bayan haka, cire datti daga kajin kaji. Yayin waɗannan hanyoyin, yakamata a yi amfani da kayan kariya na sirri (safofin hannu, abin rufe fuska). Wannan zai hana kwayoyin cuta da ƙura shiga jikin mutum.
- Wanke. Dole ne a wanke bangon, benaye, farfajiyoyin da kuma wuraren girke su, bayan haka ya kamata dakin ya bushe sosai. Ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan maye na musamman, saboda gaskiyar cewa sinadarai na gida masu guba ne da haushi ga tsarin numfashi, wanda ba zai iya cutar da kuzarin kaji ba. Bugu da kari, ba shi da isasshen kayan maye. Yin aiki tare da bayani na apple cider vinegar a cikin rabo na 3: 2 an yarda.
- Rashin kamuwa da cuta Ana amfani da samfuran kemikal da ƙoshin halitta waɗanda ke da tsabtace kayan tsafta. Daga cikin kwararrun, Monclavite, Kwayar cuta, Virocid sun shahara sosai. Kuna iya yi tare da magungunan jama'a, misali:
- Ana zubar da hydrochloric acid a cikin kwandon shara tare da babban makogwaro kuma ana zuba daskararren potassium (5: 1). Wannan cakuda an bar cikin karon kaji tsawon mintuna 30.
- iodine na crystalline (20 g a kowace mita 20 mai siffar sukari na gida), foda na alumini (1 g tare da fayil) da 1.5 ml na ruwa an sanya su a cikin jita-jita. Aluminum chloride zai tashi a cikin nau'in tururi mai launin ruwan kasa. Tsaya cakuda na rabin sa'a. Kuna iya aiwatar da wannan hanyar a gaban kaji.
Bayan kamuwa da cuta, gidan ya kamata ya kasance da iska mai kyau.
Wajibi ne a tuna game da kayan kariya na mutum, kamar safofin hannu, maski, tabarau, sutura da ke rufe fata.
Jirgin sama
Kauyen kaji na Galoshenny suna girma lokacin da ake baranda don tafiya, saboda suna buƙatar hasken rana. Aviary babban fili ne na katako, an rufe shi da raga mai kyau. Wajibi ne a ba da shi kusa da kajin kaji, amma a nesa da hanyoyin da mutane kan saba.
Kada a sami ciyayi mai yawa kusa da wurin rufewar, saboda zai rufe tsuntsayen daga hasken rana - tushen bitamin D, don haka ya zama dole don lafiyar su. Don kare kai daga ruwan sama na bazata, rufin yana da kayan zanen filastik na fili. Ba dadi ba idan ciyawa tayi girma a cikin shinge, wanda yake mahimmanci ga daidaitaccen abincin abincin kaji.
Ya kamata a lasafta girman wurin da za'a girka shi bisa ka’ida - don kowane kaza, ya kamata ya zama 1-2 sq. m square. Minimumarancin izini mai izini shine 2x7 m. Idan kaji sun gaji, kullun murkushe masu ciyarwa da ba makawa zai yiwu, wanda hakan zai haifar da raguwar haɓakar kwai.
Ta yaya kuma don ciyar?
An bambanta kaji na Galoshenny ta hanyar unpretentiousness, ciyar da su ba zai haifar da ƙarin matsaloli ba. Amma don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar su, yana da mahimmanci cewa abinci yana daidaita. Ci gaba da ciyar da abincin fili da cakuda hatsi kaɗai zai haifar da raguwa ga damar samar da ƙwayayen irin wannan kaji.
Abincin yau da kullun na noodles ya kamata ya haɗa da:
- hatsi na hatsi
- dafaffen kayan lambu (zucchini, beets, dankali, kabewa),
- rigar mahaɗa
- kayayyakin kiwo da kuma bitamin da kuma kayan ma'adinai.
Kazalika dillalai, don manufar saurin nauyi, waɗannan hens ya kamata ƙara ɗan yisti a cikin abincin.
Don sake mamaye jikin tsuntsun tare da alli, wanda aka cinye shi sosai yayin kwan ƙwai, ya zama dole don wadatar da abincinsa tare da ƙoshin ƙwayayen, ƙwayar masara, gishiri da lemun tsami.
M shine yawan wadatar ruwa a cikin masu sha.
Ya kamata a ciyar da kaji manya sau biyu a rana. A cikin ciyarwa ta farko (da safe tun ma kafin a kunna wutar), zaku iya bayar da kayan lambu da masu haɗuwa, kuma a maraice ta biyu (awa daya da rabi kafin a kashe wutar) - abincin da aka haɗe.Abinci na yau da kullun: 130 g na abinci ya zama dole don kaji daya mai nauyin kilogram 2, kuma ga kowane kilo 25 250 na tsuntsaye masu nauyi, an ƙara 10 g na hatsi.
Abubuwan da ake bukata
Don girma kayen kyankyasai na hatchedy cikin incubator, dole ne ka fara shirya mai zafi da shinge wuri. Zaka iya amfani da akwatin da aka rufe da katako tare da bango 40-60 cm. An sanya akwatin a cikin zuriyar dabbobi, kuma an shimfiɗa takarda mai kauri a ƙasan ta. Yawan jama'a yakamata ya zama tsararriyar ranar 30 zuwa 30 a kowace murabba'in 1. m
Don yin zafi kaji, yana da kyau a yi amfani da fitilun lantarki tare da ƙarfin 100-150 W ko mai ba da haske tare da ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Dole ne a lura da yanayin zafin jiki mai zuwa:
- daga kwana 1 zuwa 5 - 29-30 ° C,
- daga kwanaki 6 zuwa 10 - 26 ° C,
- sannan kowane kwana uku zazzabi ya sauka da 3 ° C har sai ya kai 16-18 ° C.
An sanya ma'aunin zafi da sanyio a tsayi 50 cm daga bene.
Kwanaki 10 na farko na kiwon kaji suna amfani da hasken rana. Hakanan, a hankali hasken rana ya rage kuma ya kawo har zuwa awanni 9-10 zuwa watanni biyu da kuma kafin farawar oviposition. Ikon kwararan fitila ya kamata ya zama watts 3-4 a kowace murabba'in 1. m bene.
A rana ta 4 zuwa 7, an cire takarda daga akwatin kuma an maye shi da zuriyar dabbobi. Bayan makonni 2-3, yankin girma ya kamata a faɗaɗa shi a hankali.
Daga shekaru 5 yana da amfani a saki kaji akan yawo, batun yanayin rana da kwanciyar hankali. A ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi mara kyau, har zuwa watanni biyu da haihuwa, ƙananan dabbobi ba sa tafiya. Tare da abun ciki ba tare da kulawa ba, ya kamata a ƙara bitamin D2 da D3 a cikin abincinsu don guje wa rickets.
Yadda za a ciyar?
Idan aka sami bambance bambancen abinci, yadda ake kiyaye kaji da girma. A cikin kwanakin farko na rayuwa, noodles ana ɗauka mai kyau abinci-Boiled qwai, gida cuku, gero, oatmeal, finely yankakken rawaya masara da alkama. Kafin ciyarwa, cuku gida da qwai suna ƙasa tare da hatsi da aka sare.
An bada shawara don tsayar da jadawalin ciyarwa akan lokaci. Na farko kwanaki 10 na kajin cocks hens suna ciyar da sau 5-6 a rana, bayan wata daya - sau 3 a rana. Daga ranar 3rd, ya kamata a ba da ganye mai kyau (nettle, alfalfa, Clover, da dai sauransu), daga 5th - kwasfa, alli, kifi da nama da abincin kashi. Daga rana ta 11, ana ƙara abinci da abinci, kayan lambu da aka dafa (dankali, beets, karas) a cikin abincin. Oat da alkama alkama dole ne a narke su ta hanyar sieve har sai kaji sun kai wata na haihuwa. Ya kamata a ci gaba da samarwa matasa dabbobin don tsabtace ruwa mai tsabta.
Daga mako daya zuwa watanni 1.5 na haihuwa, sau 2 a mako don rabin sa'a ana ba da shawarar cika masu shan giya tare da maganin potassiumgangan (0.1%).
Ba za ku iya yi wa matasa dabbobi masu yawan shekaru iri ɗaya ba a cikin sassan guda - tsofaffi za su iya cin kaji daga shekarun da suka gabata.
A cikin farkon watan farawa, ana ciyar da kaji da masara (rigar cokali na masara, alkama, hatsi, gyada, sha'ir) sau 3-4 a rana, sannan sau 2-3. Cakken alkama yana ciyar da safe da maraice. An bayar da Yogurt a cikin yumbu daban ko kuma masu shan katako. Yawan cin abinci mai gina jiki a jikin kananan dabbobi sama da kwanaki 60 yana iyakantuwa da gabatarwar manyan ciyarwa a cikin abincin - ganye, kayan amfanin gona (har zuwa 25-30 g kowace kaji kowace rana). Har zuwa watanni hudu tsoffin kaji na kasar Spain suma suna girma sosai akan abincin broiler.
Ya kamata a sa ido a ciyar da kajin na kaji. Wajibi ne a tabbatar cewa ba'a raunana kajin ka da kazanta daga mai ciyar da su, don bincika cikar goiter a duk kaji bayan cin abinci. Idan wani ya ci gaba da jin yunwa, ana ciyar da shi daban-daban. Dukkan abincin da ke fama da rigar an cire shi daga mai ciyarwa kai tsaye bayan ciyar da shi.
Cututtukan kaji kaji, rigakafin
Galoshenny kaji galibi suna fama da cutar. Yawan mace-macen yara, kamar tsuntsayen manya, ƙasa da 5%.
Babban cututtukan da suka shafi kaji:
- pullorosis
- coccidiosis,
- manzakarwa
- salmonellosis
- helminthiasis.
Don ƙayyade cutar a cikin lokaci kuma ɗaukar matakan da suka dace, ya kamata a kula da halayen da kuma bayyanar rukunin dabbobi. Kajin kaji ba su da ci, ko ma sun ƙi ci. Suna zaune ba tare da motsi ba a cikin sasanninta idanunsu a rufe, suna girgiza kawunan su a ƙarƙashin reshe, ba sa sauti kuma da wuya su motsi.
Abubuwan da suke yi shine yakan haifar da yanayin rayuwa, ko kuma yana haifar da farin jini. Gas din ya ɓace, gurbata. A cikin cututtukan cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, akwai haɓaka yawan zafin jiki na cikin ruwa zuwa 43-44 ° C. Kwayoyin mucous na tsarin na numfashi sun koma ja. Tsuntsu yana sa sauti mai sa amo, gamsai kuma ya tara a cikin hancin hanci da na bakin.
Cutar da yawa tana tare da ciwon ciki. Fluff a kewayen cesspool gurbata ne, yana da wahalar cire zuriyar dabbobi.
Akwai lokuta na rikicewar juyayi: inna, cramps, haushi, bugun kai.
Lokacin da waɗannan alamun suka bayyana a cikin kaji na golosheyny, dole ne a hanzarta kwashe su daga kajin kaji kuma a sanar da likitan dabbobi.
Wadannan hanyoyin kariya na gaba zasu taimaka rage hadarin kamuwa da cutarwa tare da manyan cututtukan da zasu iya yiwuwa:
- kana buƙatar tsabtace kullun a cikin dafaffen kaji,
- lokaci-lokaci gudanar da yanke ƙauna (wargaza ƙwayoyin dabbobi - manyan dillalai na kamuwa da cuta da kuma fleas),
- dauki rigakafin rigakafi
- ba tsuntsaye abinci mai dacewa da kulawa da kyau.