Wakilan wannan nau'in suna da launi daban-daban kuma suna iya zama ja-kasa-kasa, zaitun, launin toka-orange. Wani sifa mai mahimmanci na launi na wannan kifayen suna da yawa ƙanana da zagaye baki, launin ruwan kasa, wasu lokutan launin ruwan zaitun. Tsawon tsayi daga 10 zuwa 70 santimita (ya dogara da nau'in). An rufe kifin da garkuwan kasusuwa, kamar harsashi. Kowane irin wannan garkuwar yana da ƙanƙanin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, mai motsi, tsawonsu game da santimita 5. A matsayinka na mai mulki, maza suna da karin tsinkaye. Abin mamaki, ba su da guba, ko da yake za su iya cutar da lahani. Har ila yau, wutsiyar kifin yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar zano, yawanci akwai guda biyu, amma za'a iya samun ƙari.
A hutawa, wannan mazaunin yana iyo da jijiyoyi da aka matse sosai a cikin kwasfa. Idan akwai haɗari, kifin urchin na teku ba ya gudu, amma ya kumbura, yana amfani da kumburin roba don wannan. Tana cika ta da ruwa, kuma idan ya cancanta tare da iska, don jujjuya ƙwal wacce ba za a iya amfani da ita ba, wanda zai iya zama sau da yawa girmanta. A cikin wannan halin, kifin shinge ya hau saman ruwa kuma ya zama mawuyacin farauta ga mafarauta. Amma wannan ba duka bane. A cikin arsenal na "shingehog" akwai wani makami wanda zai iya kare shi. Idan akwai haɗari, yakan saki gamsai, wanda yake da guba sosai, a sakamakon haka, maƙiyin ya ja da baya.
Yawancin abinci, abinci mai gina jiki da kuma kiwo
Kuna iya saduwa da wannan "shingehog" wanda ba a sani ba a cikin Tekun Indiya, Atlantika da Pacific. Hakanan ana iya samun kifin Hedgehog a cikin tekun da ke cike da ruwa da kuma tsarkakken ruwa, amma wataƙila ana samun su sosai a cikin Jar Teku. Yawancin lokaci suna zaune kusa da murjani murjani, suna ƙaunar binne kansu a cikin yashi. Waɗannan ba su kasance mazaunan dare ba, saboda haka a cikin rana sukan ɓoye cikin duhu. Hedgehog kifi ba shi da aiki kuma ba a daidaita shi da sauri don shawo kan nesa; suna tafiya da godiya saboda igiyoyin ruwa.
Yana ciyarwa akan rassan murjani, kwarangwal mai ɗorewa; don nau'in manyan tsuntsaye, mollusks da ƙananan kifi suna iya yin abinci. A cikin aiwatar da haihuwa, mace jefa ƙwai a cikin mahallin, soya bayyana a cikin kwanaki biyar. Sun hau kan ruwa, suna tara a garken kuma suna riƙe a rukuni har sai sun girma. A cikin mazaunin halitta, soya suna da abokan gaba da yawa. Misali, tuna bata damu da cin kananan kifi ba.
Me yasa yake da haɗari?
Hadarin wannan kifin yana da matukar wahalar wuce gona da iri. Yawancin nau'in "shingehogs" suna dauke da tetrodoxin - guba mai ƙarfi wanda ba shi da furotin na asalin halitta. Yakan sanya wannan mazaunin ruwa a cikin hadari sosai ga masu dabbobin da suka nemi su ci kan wannan kifin. Mutane kuma ya kamata su yi hattara da hulɗa da urchin na teku, tunda tetrodoxin sau ɗari yana da guba fiye da cyanide. Guba da ke kunshe cikin irin wannan kifin guda ɗaya ya isa ya guba sama da mutane 30. Lokacin da tetrodoxin ya shiga jiki, shaƙewa yana farawa. Mafi munin abu shine rashin maganin rashin lafiya! Zaku iya sa masa guba kawai ta taɓa cikin kifin tare da wani yanki wanda ba shi da kariya.
Siffofi da mazaunin kifi mai shinge
Harshen kifi - Wani baƙon abu ne wanda ya fito daga gidan maraicci mai zurfi daga cikin zuriyar teku. Tsayinsa ya fara daga cm 30 zuwa 90. Launin Sikeli shine haske da launin ruwan kasa-ja, kuma zagaye da yawa da ƙananan launin ruwan kasa ko farar fata suna warwatse ko'ina.
Hedgehog kifi a cikin hoto yana da zagaye, mara kan gado, akuyoyi masu kama da baki, mai ƙarfi jaws. Haushi a cikin nau'i na faranti mai wuya, wanda aka fantsama a kan manyan ƙananan hakora, ba da ra'ayi na manyan hakora huɗu. Bayanin kifi mai shinge ba zai zama cikakke cikakke ba tare da ambaton kaddarorin kayan aikin da suke da shi ba. An rufe shi da garkuwar garkuwar kariya, kowannensu yana da ƙayalli masu ƙarfi.
Wadannan allura sune flakes wadanda zasu iya canzawa. Wayoyin hannu ne kuma suna samar da kariya ta hanyar "sarkar mail". Akwai kafaffun allura akan wutsiya a sama da ƙasa, waɗanda zasu iya kaiwa tsawon santimita biyar. Siffar halayyar fasalin wannan kifin shine kasancewar jaka na musamman da aka haɗu da fatalwa, wanda ke haɗuwa da iska yayin haɗari ko kuma a cikin wani yanayi mara kyau.
A lokaci guda, kifi yana kumbura da kansa, ya zama kamar ƙwal. Kuma allura masu motsi suna tsaye tsaye ta fuskoki daban daban don tsoratarwa da kare kai daga abokan gaba da magabatan. Hakikanin shingen kifi kasance a cikin tsari na pufferfish. Masanan dabbobi masu ilimin dabbobi suna kirga nau'ikan kifi goma sha biyar. Ana samun su a cikin hadaddun tekun Pacific, Indiya da Atlantika.
Yawancin nau'ikan sun sami mafaka a cikin tekun tsibiri, wani lokacin ana ɗaukar su ta halin yanzu don daidaita yanayin sararin samaniya. Yawancin lokaci yakan faru cewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ebbs da gudana, kifin ya sami kansu a gefen gabar arewacin Turai ko a Tekun Bahar Rum. Da farko kifin shinge – nautical mazaunin, amma ana iya samun wasu nau'in a cikin ƙasa mai kyau har ma da ruwa mai kyau.
Yanayi da salon rayuwar kifi mai shinge
Kifi na Hedgehog na zaune tsakanin murjani murjani, inda akasari ake aje shi shi kaɗai. Tana da kaifin idanu da farauta da daddare. Mafi yawan lokaci kifin ya fi son yin iyo tare da gudan ruwa, baya kasancewa mai kyau mai iyo. Wannan halaye ya sa ta kasa tserewa daga abokan gaba. Amma a cikin ta arsenal akwai wasu hanyoyin kare kai.
A hutawa, kifi na iyo da jijiyoyin guga man a jikin. Samun wannan bayyanar, da alama dai masu hasashen farashi mai sauƙi ne. Amma wanda ya shiga tunanin kama ta ba zai ishe ta ba.Lallai yawancin barracudas bayan irin wannan taron ya zama matacce. Kuma a cikin kifayen kifayen da ke ƙoƙarin hadiye shi, kifayen shinge sau da yawa sukan makale a damansu. Harshen kifiinflates a cikin dakika kaɗan zuwa girman ƙwallon ƙafa.
Kuma spikes na santimita biyar-biyar ya zama kamar allurai burodi. Duk wani maharbi wanda ya hadiye kifayen shinge, to mutuwa ba makawa bace, ciwanta zai iya rauni ta allura har iyaka. Daga maƙiyan, ana kiyaye kifin ba kawai tare da allura ba. Lokacin da ta ji haɗarin, sai ta sami damar sakin wani adadin gamsai mai guba cikin ruwa.
Masunta sun kama shi tare da wani kama, yana barin abu mai ƙima, wanda kusan ba zai yiwu a cire shi ba, a kan wasu kifayen. Lokacin da mutum ya cinye samfurin irin wannan, jigilar abinci yakan faru, wani lokacin ma yana haifar da sakamako mai illa. Bugu da kari, kifin shinge da kansa mai guba ne. Batattun da basu kulawa zasu iya fama da allura mai raɗaɗi tare da allurar wannan halitta.
Masana al'adun ƙasar Jafananci suna sarrafa abinci daga 'yar tsalle shinge kifi - Wani m abinci na Jafananci abinci. Koyaya, a cikin wannan ƙasar ta gabashin, a cikin yatsunsu zaku iya ƙidaya kwararrun da suka sami damar yin wannan tare da cikakken kiyayewar dukkanin kimiyoyi.
Irin waɗannan jita-jita suna da mashahuri sosai, suna da tsada sosai kuma ana aiki dasu a Japan akan manyan hutu. Duk da haɗarin mutum, yawan mutanen da suke son gwada irin wannan abincin suna da yawa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin 'yan kasuwa ke kiwon kifi don shinge a gonaki na musamman.
Wadannan halittun kuma ana kiyaye su ta masoya dabbobi masu ban sha'awa, suna kiwon su cikin manyan ramuka, wanda ke cike da manyan hatsi na wannan. Katantanwa da ƙananan kifaye ana gundura a wurin, wanda kifi mai shinge yana farin cikin farauta. Babban matsala ga masu kamun kifi shine wadataccen gubar waɗannan halittun. Kuma idan kun sanya makwabta tare da su, suna da iyawa ta yadda za su iya lalata ƙashin bayansu da sauran mahimman sassa.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa mai kifi mai shinge yana buƙatar ingantaccen ruwan teku mai kyau, wanda dole ne a canza shi akai-akai kuma a kula dashi don tsabta a cikin akwatin kifaye. Daga halittun datti. Saya kifin shinge yana yiwuwa a cikin shagunan dabbobi, a cikin wuraren kiwo da kuma tallace tallacen yanar gizo.
Cin Kifi Hedgehog
Kifi na Hedgehog mallakar wakilai ne na abincin teku kuma yana son cin halittun teku. Mazaunan bawo, ta sami damar cinye faranti na zube-tsafe. Bugu da kari, tana cin kifin kifaye da tsutsotsi na teku. Yana zaune a cikin reefs, yana ƙaunar cin abinci a kan murjani, waɗanda sune kasusuwa kasusuwa waɗanda ke samar da ruwa. Halittun sun sami damar cinye yanki guda kuma su murƙushe su da faranti masu kaifi waɗanda suke aiki a maimakon hakora.
Jikinsu yana dige kawai abubuwan da ake ci daga kasusuwa. Kuma ragowar abubuwan da basu dace ba suna tarawa a cikin ciki ta hanyar foda, kuma a cikin wannan adadin mai yawa wanda a cikin ɓoyayyen wasu mutane sukan sami kusan rabin kilo na wannan abun. Amma sharar gida daga murjani murjani a hankali an cire shi, yana sakin jiki. Lokacin da aka kiyaye shi cikin yanayi na sirri a cikin gandun daji ko akwatin kifaye, yawanci kifayen suna cin abinci tare da algae, ciyarwar fili da jatan lande.
Yaduwa da tsawon rai na shingehog kifi
Hedgehog kifi na haifuwa ta wata hanyar da ba ta saba ba. Maza da mata suna asirce albarkatu waɗanda ba a ɗaure ciki ba da madara a cikin ruwa kai tsaye. Da yawa daga cikin irin waɗannan kayan suna mutuwa kawai. Amma daga waɗancan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka yi nasarar haɗuwa yayin hadi, an samo caviar, daga abin da aka toya wanda yake fitowa.
An haife su sosai kuma, kamar manya, da alama suna kumbura. A cikin bauta, shinge shinge sun sami damar rayuwa har zuwa shekaru hudu, kodayake sun fi mutuwa mutuwa sau da yawa a cikin yanayin rayuwa, waɗanda ke cin zarafinsu kuma suna kama mutane. Masu garkuwa da mutane da ke zaune a Tsibirin Pacific, daga busasshen fata na waɗannan halittun da aka yi wa allura, suna mai da kansu sojoji mayaƙa masu ban tsoro.
A cikin ruwan teku na Far East, irin waɗannan kifaye ana kama da yawa, kuma an yi su abubuwan tunawa na kifin shinge, kamar yadda kuma suke yin fatar fatar jikinsu da abubuwan gida, kamar fitilun fitila don fitilu. Daga halittun fantasy kumbura suna yin fitilun kasar Sin da ban dariya cushe kifayen urchins, wanda zaku iya siyayya a shagunan gargajiya.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Kifin Hedgehog yana cikin rukunin kifaye masu walƙiya, wani yanki na pufferfish. Squadungiyar tana da iyalai goma, daga cikin ɗayan wakilan shinge ne. 'Yan dangi mafi kusanci sune kifin naman alade, kifin akwatin, kifin kifi. Godiya ga ikon da yake da shi wanda ya iya cika jikinsa, kifi mai suna Harshen kifi ya lakume kifin ƙwal ko kifin porcupine. Kifi Hedgehog yana cikin dangin kafa biyu (Diodontidae), a ciki akwai kusan 20 masu tallafin.
Wadanda akafi amfani dasu sune:
- dogon allura diode,
- talakawa diode (wanda aka gani fin),
- baƙar fata-diode,
- pelagic diode.
Gidan dangin kifi yana fitowa sama da shekaru miliyan 40 da suka gabata. Muhimmin fasalin shinge shine rashin ƙushin ventral, kuma ƙarancin murfin yana kusa da wutsiyar kifin, kusan daidai yake da na fin fin. A cikin kifin shinge, hakoran sun ƙunshi faranti biyu masu wuya, suna kama da nau'in beak, wanda suke iya kara abinci mai kauri.
Bidiyo: Harshen kifi
Wani fasalin sifofin wannan gidan shine fata na roba tare da tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle, waɗanda suke akan kowane sikeli. Kifi na Hedgehog yana da ƙusoshin ƙwaya, saboda haka sune masu yin iyo. Da wuya su zama ganima ga maharbi, amma tsarin kariya na musamman ya sanya rayuwarsu ta zama mai aminci.
Kuna buƙatar sani! Wasu mambobi daga cikin Iyalin Ido biyu suna da mutuƙar mutuwa, kamar yadda ruwansu ke ɗauke da guba mai mutuƙar mutuwa. Yana da ƙarfi sosai har ma bayan dafa abinci yana da haɗari. A saboda wannan dalili, idan kifin shinge ya shiga cikin masun kamun kifi, sun gwammace su fitar da duk kama.
Halayyar
Dogon shinge mai-tsawo ya fi so ya zauna a ƙarshen ƙasa wanda aka rufe da sargasso algae, a hankali yana iyo tsakanin duwatsu da murjani. A lokacin rana, yawanci tana hutawa, tana ɓoye a lokacin lokacin ciyawar ko a wani shayarwa.
A dare, kifin ya bar matsuguninsa ya tafi kamun kifi. Yana ciyarwa akasari akan muryoyin murjani, mollusks da kuma wasu nau'ikan crustaceans. Tare da taimakon bek kamar beno, wannan kifin da dabara ya murƙushe ƙwanƙwasa da ɓarna na waɗanda abin ya shafa, suna lalata nama.
Teetharfin hakora ya sa ya zama sauƙaƙa niƙa manyan ƙwayoyin clam mai ƙarfi da rassan murjani.
Fashin ginin mai shinge yana da ƙarami, saboda haka yana iyo sosai a hankali da kuma nishaɗi. Koyaya, tana yin ƙananan hanyoyin motsawa sosai. Kifin yana da jakar iska na musamman, wanda ya ƙunshi ciki da waje na musamman na hanji kuma zai iya cikawa da iska ko ruwa idan ya cancanta.
Idan akwai haɗari, yakan kumbura, juyawa zuwa cikin babban ball da canza launi mai kariya zuwa faranti kuma mai kama da yaƙi. Spikes da aka haɗa jikinsu nan take suka zama sanda.
Kifi mai kumburi ba zai iya motsawa da kansa ba kuma sau da yawa kawai yana narkewa cikin ruwa tare da ciki.
Maharbin, wanda ya yi yunƙurin cin irin wannan kifin, yana fuskantar mutuwa tazarar da ke tattare da gurɓataccen huhun tare da jijiyoyinta, saboda haka akwai ƙalilan da suke son yin haɗarin rayuwarsu. Sharks kawai, waɗanda ke rarrabe su ta tsarin narkewarsu mai ban mamaki kuma suna da ikon cin kusan duk abin da yake motsawa a cikin ruwa, suna cin kifin shinge.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Kifi na urchin
Zai dace a tsaya daban don fasalin kifin mai shinge don ƙara girman su kuma su zama ƙwal mai ƙyalli. Kawai a ƙasa da makogwaron, kifin yana da jaka ta musamman tare da manyan fayiloli masu yawa. Idan akwai wani hadari, to ya hadiye ruwa ko iska a cikin wani al'amari na dakika, idan kifin yana kan ruwa, wannan jaka ya cika da ruwa ko iska, kuma kifin da kansa ya zama zagaye kamar ball. Wannan tsari yana da ikon haɓaka sau ɗari idan aka kwatanta da masu girma dabam.
Fatar kifin ta ƙunshi yadudduka biyu: ɗayan na ciki na bakin ciki ne kuma na bakin ciki, ɗayan na ciki kuwa ya ninka kuma yana dawwama. A cikin kwanciyar hankali, an sanya ƙaya a jikin mutum, kuma idan hatsari ya faru, fatar jiki ta shimfiɗa kuma saboda wannan suna daidaita. Fryan ƙaramar kwana goma sun riga sun sami ikon kare kansu a lokutan haɗari.
A waje, dukkanin kifayen shinge suna kama da juna, amma idan muka kwatanta rarar wannan dangi, to akwai bambance-bambancen halayya a tsakanin su. An bambanta su da girman manya da kuma wurin aibobi a jiki.
Balagaggen mutum na kifi mai shinge mai dogon zango ya kai cm 50. Thearfafa a kan ciki yana da maki launin ruwan kasa wanda ya ɓace lokacin da kifin ya kai ga balaga. A cikin kifi na manya, ciki na fari, ba tare da aibobi ba. A'idodin launuka daban-daban suna kusa da idanu, a baya da kuma a bangarorin. Insarshen wannan kifin suna da ma'ana ko kuma da ɗan ƙaramin launin shuɗi. Dogon allurar diode ana kiranta holocanthus; wannan mafi yawan lokuta ana samun mafi yawan lokutan ne don adana shi cikin akwatin akwatin.
Abun da aka gani mai diode shima yana da tsawon allurai, wanda hakan yasa yayi kama da kifayen kifaye masu dogon kafa. Ya bambanta da danginsa ta yadda cewa an rufe jikin da ƙegunan ƙambobi da yawa. Ko da a cikin ciki, idan ka duba da kyau, zaka iya ganin tabo kawai. Suna girma zuwa cm 90. Diode mai launin fari-baki ya kai santimita 65 a tsayi. Abubuwan da ke bambanta wannan tallafin sune gajeren allurai, aibobi masu duhu tare da fararen fata a kusa da jikin mutum, manyan wurare biyu akan fuskar kifin (kusa da tsintsiyar gill da kusa da ido), ƙyallen kai da ƙusoshin ƙwallon ƙafafun da aka yi ado da ƙananan saƙo.
Kuna buƙatar sani! Dogaye mai fiɗa, mai gani, mai ɗauke da baƙar fata ana ɗaukar kaman guba. Fata da hanta suna ɗauke da guba sun fi karfi fiye da cyanide potassium sau da yawa.
Karami mafi karancin dangin shingehog shine pelagic diode. A cikin tsayi, jikinsa ya kai iyakar cm 28. A bayansa da bangarorin an yi masa ado da ƙananan aibobi waɗanda ke tare da jikin gaba ɗaya. An nuna ƙusoshin a ƙarshen, tare da ƙananan ƙananan duhu. Babu wata hujja cewa pelagic diode kifi ne mai guba.
Fasali na ajiye a cikin akwatin kifaye
Halin da ake yin shinge yana da takamaiman tsari, mafi girman wahala shine ƙirƙirar ruwa mai tagulla. Domin kifin shinge don jin dadi, kuna buƙatar bin jerin shawarwari:
- Volumearar akwatin kifaye. Ya dogara da yawan mutane. Hedgehogs suna yin rayuwar da ta dace. Tanki mai kimanin lita 50 ya isa mutum ɗaya.
- Sigogi: tsarin zafin jiki - a cikin kewayon daga + 18 ° С zuwa + 22 ° С, acidity - daga 8.1 zuwa 8.4, salinity ruwa - daga 1.023 zuwa 1.025.
- Kasa - yashi. Kifi yana son binne a cikin yashi.
- Miya. Yakamata akwatin kifayen ya kasance yana da abubuwan adon da ke ba da mafaka masu aminci - bushewar katako da kayan kwalliya (karanta ƙari game da yadda ake yin babban kayan abinci tare da hannuwanku), jarkoki daban-daban. Bugu da kari, ana buƙatar murjani saboda shinge yana son yin iyo tsakanin su. Kifi na iya jingina da tsalle-tsallersa ya ɗaga abubuwa daban-daban, wanda nauyinsa ya wuce nauyin jikinsa sama da sau 50. Sabili da haka, duk kayan ado ya kamata a gyara su sosai.
- Kayan lambu - ba mahimmanci. Iri nau'ikan shuka tsiro masu ruwa masu ruwa suna zaba a wajan hankali.
- Haske - matsakaici.
Siffofin Karfi
Abinci na yau da kullun. A cikin daji, shinge ne mai omnivore. Amma a cikin wakilan wannan nau'in, ana samun yawancin mutane masu yawan tsire-tsire. Abubuwan da suke son kifi na gastronomic sun dogara da mazauninsu. Mafi sau da yawa, abinci, shinge suna neman kansu a ƙasa. Suna cin algae, mollusks, taurari har ma da jigilar kaya. Hedgehogs kuma suna haɗiye yashi daga ƙasa, wanda aka sami barbashi na abinci. Suna son cin murjani.
Menu na akwatin kifaye. A cikin tafki na wucin gadi, abincin mai shinge yakamata a daidaita shi, ya kunshi abincin tsirrai da asalin dabba. An sanya abincin a cikin la'akari da dukkan kayan aikin wannan kifin mai ban mamaki:
- Daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ana ba da fifiko ga Dandelion, karas, letas da kabeji. Duk samfuran shuka dole ne a cika su da ruwan zãfi.
- An ba da shawarar yin ciyar da masana'antu zuwa lokaci-lokaci. Sun ƙunshi bitamin, macro- da microelements masu amfani ga shinge.
- Abincin asalin dabba: tsutsotsi, jatan lande, murjani da mollusks, crustaceans da invertebrates.
Hedgehog yana da matukar mahimmanci don samar da ingantaccen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki da abinci iri-iri.
Idan kifin yana zaune a cikin akwatin ruwa na gama gari, to kawai abinci mai daidaita zai iya ceton rayuwar maƙwabta.
Ina ne kifayen shinge?
Hoto: Kifi na Hedgehog na Prickly
Wakilai daban-daban na dangin diode sun fi son canjin yanayin zafi da kuma yanayin ƙasa.
Ana iya samunsu a cikin Tekun Pacific, Atlantika, Tekun Indiya, wato:
- Shiru - South Japan Coast, Hawaii,
- Atlantic - Bahamas, Amurka, Kanada, Brazil,
- Indiya - Bahar Maliya, tekun Indiya da Ostiraliya.
Kifayen manya sun gwammace su tsaya ga murjani, yayin da suke zama mafaka a lokacin rana da kuma dakin cin abinci da daddare. Ana iya samo su a zurfin har zuwa 100 m. Sabanin haka, diode soya riƙe a saman ruwa, nemi mafaka a cikin algae kuma tafi ƙasa lokacin da suka balaga.
Daga cikin dukkanin yarjejeniyar, kawai pelagic diode ba a haɗe shi da takamaiman wuri ba kuma ya gwammace ya faɗo tare da kwararar yawancin lokaci. Dodanni masu rauni ne, ba su san yadda za su iyo ba, saboda haka, sukan kawo su zuwa ga Tekun Bahar Rum ko bakin tekun Turai tare da ƙaramin ƙarfi.
Mafi yawan diodes mazaunan ruwa ne, amma wasun su sun sami damar daidaita da ruwa mai kyau, ana iya same su a cikin ruwan Amazon ko Kongo. Duk da cewa shinge-shingen ba su zama ganima wasu kifayen ba, har yanzu suna zaune a wuraren da zaku iya ɓoyewa, don kar wani ya wahalar da su yayin rana.
Cin Kifi Hedgehog
A cikin abincin, waɗannan mazaunan cikin ruwa sun fi son crustaceans, mollusks da crabs. Godiya ga hakoran fused mai ƙarfi, samar da wani abu mai kama da beak, kifin mai shinge cikin sauƙi ƙyallen sheƙa.
Domin kada ya zama ganima, shinge yakan nisanta wuraren tattara manyan mazaunan tekun. Lokacin da hatsari ya taso, sai ta ɓoye a cikin matsuguni ko kuma nan take ta zama babbar ball. Koyaya, ban da spikes, tana da wata kariya mai kyau a cikin ta arsenal - gamsai. A wasu halaye, don tsoratar da mai kai harin, kifayen da ke jefa shinge mai matukar hatsari ga ruwa, wanda ba shi da wata hatsari ga sauran rayuwar ruwa fiye da allurar ta. Bayan irin wannan dabarar, ba wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin ci gaba da ƙoƙarin kai harin shinge.
Ta halitta, ba za ku iya ɗaukar kifin shinge ba saboda naman su yana cike da tetrodoxin. Ga dabbobi da mutane, wannan guba tana da mutuƙar mutuwa. Amma a Japan, suna shirya kayan abinci na ƙasa wanda ake kira "puffer". Cin abincin da ba shi da kyau ba shi da haɗari ga rayuwa, saboda haka, a cikin gidajen cin abinci na Jafananci, masu dafa abinci suna zuwa darussan na musamman don koyar da fasahar yin wannan abincin na dafuwa, a ƙarshen su za su sami lasisi.
Me kifin shingehog yake ci?
Dodanni, duk da girman madaidaicin su, sune mafarauta. Babban abincinsu shine tafiyar murjani. Saboda tsarin hakoran su, sun sami damar cin karo da kananan abubuwa daga murjani da nika su. Dole ne in faɗi cewa kaɗan daga wannan abincin ana narkewa. Mafi yawan abin da ya kasance murda murjani a baya ya zauna a ciki. A wasu halayen, har zuwa 500 g na irin wannan shararrun an samo su a cikin ciki na diode wanda masunta suka kama.
Bugu da kari, abincin kifin urchin ana amfani dashi ta hanyar kananan mollusks, tsutsotsi na teku da crustaceans. Idan abin da aka kama yana ɓoye a cikin ɓoye ko kuma harsashi yana kiyaye shi, kifin bai kamata ya fasa wannan kariyar ba. Kari akan haka, diodes na iya kaiwa hari ga wasu kifayen, suna jingin da bakinsu ko wutsiyoyinsu.
Idan an kiyaye diode a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, abincin ya hada da abincin kifin, wanda ya haɗa da kayan algae. Hakanan dole ne zai yiwu a niƙa haƙoranku, domin wannan ya haɗa da jatan lande a cikin abincin yau da kullun. Ba tare da wannan kyawawan abubuwan ba, diode na iya zama m, kai hari ga sauran mazaunan, kuma hakora farawa.
Kuna buƙatar sani! Kifin Hedgehog baya ƙin ɗaukar kaya, kuma a wasu lokuta zasu iya kaiwa danginsu hari.
Yankunan Kifi Kifi
A cikin koguna da yawa, tabkuna da sauran jikin ruwa, an gano sama da nau'in nau'in kifin-kifi.
Dukkansu suna cikin dangin goge huɗu da asalinsu da asalin halittar kifaye masu kifi. Su kwantar da hankalinsu a cikin ruwan gishiri kaɗan da kuma a cikin ruwa mai kyau.
Yankunan tetraodon da ke zaune a cikin ruwa mai ɗorewa:
Iri na tetraodone, wanda aka fi son ɗan gishiri mai gishiri ko ruwan teku:
- kore tetraodon,
Tetraodon kore yana da kama sosai da launi zuwa wasu nau'ikan kifayen kifi - tetraodon fluviatilis (Tetraodon fluviatilis) da Tetraodon suna kururuwa.
Mahimmanci!Duk da cewa sun banbanta da juna, tetraodons har yanzu suna zama halittu masu guba, kuma taɓa su na iya haifar da guba. Masu binciken aquarist suna buƙatar tuna cewa waɗannan kifayen bai kamata a ciyar dasu da hannu ba don guje wa haɗari na haɗari. Bai kamata a kama su da hannayenka ba!
Green tetraodon kifi na asali da sauri gina up farantin hakori da bukatar a kai a kai ƙasa a kan wuya surface. Saboda haka, ya kamata aquarist yayi tunani game da wannan a gaba kuma ya hada da katantanwa a cikin abincin mai farashi, wanda harsashi ya haifar da hakoransa.
Koyi game da kiyaye katantanwa kamar su helena, Lawn, ampullaria, reel, da katantanwa na Afirka a gida.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Kifi na urchin
Wadannan kifayen ba sa cikin waɗanda suka fi son zama cikin raƙuman ruwa, maimakon haka, akasin haka, sukan rabu da guji haɗuwa ko da irin nasu. Sai kawai a lokacin tsunduma cikin namiji yakan kusanci mace. Rayuwarsu tana gudana kamar haka - ranar da diodon ya ciyar a cikin mafaka mai aminci, inda ba zai iya rikicewa ba, kuma kawai da isowar daren da ya fara farauta. Dodon sun kirkiro hangen nesa mai kyau, wanda yake taimaka musu da daddare don neman ganima.
Samun irin wannan hanyar da ba ta saba da ingantacciyar hanyar kariya, kifayen da za su iya ji daɗin aminci a kowane yanayi kuma suna iyo ba tare da tsoro ba. A zahiri, ba sa son pout. Idan diode yayi amfani da kariyar sa, yakan zama mai taimako har sai ya dawo yadda yake. Akwai wasu lokutan da aka sami kifayen da ba a iya ayyanawa bayan haɗarin ya wuce.
Duk da rashin kulawarsu, shingayen fursuna da sauri suna saba wa mutane kuma suna son hawa kan ruwa, suna neman jinya mai daɗi. Dole ne in faɗi cewa galibi suna yin wannan, kamar yadda a cikin duniyar kifi su masu cin abinci ne na gaske. Manyan idanun su "cute" galibi idan aka kwatanta su da sanannen kyan cat daga m / f "Shrek".
Rayuwa
Ba za a iya kiran mai farashi farar hula ba. Yayi haushi sosai. Don haka kifayen da ke tare da shinge, ba sa cin sauran mazaunan akwatin kifaye, kuna buƙatar sanya shi tare da dangi.
Pufferfish sun fi son ɓoyewa a cikin inuwa. Suna aiki da maraice da dare. Hedgehog sau da yawa yana ɓoye a cikin algae. Idan akwai kogo a cikin akwatin kifayen, yana iyo a cikinsu.
Tetradon ya shirya don haihuwa lokacin da ya cika shekara 1 da haihuwa. Zai fi kyau ba a saka maza biyu a cikin karamin kanduna ba, kamar yadda yaƙi don yankin zai fara. Don yin nasara cikin nasara, shuka tsiro, hornwort ko cryptocoryne. Don motsa ƙwayar cuta, an ciyar da Pufferfish tare da katantanwa da nama. Mutane daban-daban suna girma a zazzabi na + digiri 28.
Ya kamata a sanya kifin Hedgehog a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da dangi, saboda zai iya cin sauran kifin
Yana da mahimmanci a san yadda ake bambance tetradon mace daga namiji. Mace ta fi girma, ta faɗi aibobi a jiki. A farkon fara'a, namiji yakan farauto mace. Idan ba ta nuna halin mutuntaka ba, ma'aurata suna iyo zuwa ƙasa kuma suna ɓoye a bayan lokacin farin ciki.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Kifi na Hedgehog na Prickly
Dodan ya isa lokacin balaga yana da shekara daya. Nisantar maza shine ya fara bibiyar mace. Bayan mace ta sake ɗaukar ciki, namiji ya fara matsawa da hankali a hankali kusa da saman ruwa, inda caviar amai ya gudana.
Bayan haka, namiji yakan sa shi da madara daga glandon jikinta. Oneaya mace tana da ikon jefa ƙwai 1000. Wasu daga cikinsu ne kawai suke hadi. Nan da nan bayan yawu, kifi ya rasa sha'awar zuriyarsa ta gaba, da kuma junan su
Thewanƙwasa qwai ya ɗauki tsawon kwanaki 4, bayan haka soya ta bayyana daga gare su. Daga haihuwa, suna kama da iyayensu, amma a wannan matakin a rayuwarsu jikinsu yana kiyayewa ta hanyar harsashi mai tushe. Bayan kamar kwana goma, harsashi ya ɓace saboda ƙashin kansa ya girma a wurinsa. Wannan tsari yana ɗaukar makonni uku.
Bayan wannan lokaci, shinge mai shinge na riga ya zama kama da iyayen sa, zai iya yin taƙasa a lokacin haɗari. Ya bambanta kawai a mafi yawan canza launi. Har sai ƙananan kifin suka kai wani girma, sun fi so su kasance tare. Domin kada ya zama ganima wani, a lokacin haɗari sai su tara tarin tarko. A lokaci guda, sun zama kamar babban ball tare da ƙaya. Wannan ya tsoratar da maharbin.
Har izuwa wani zamani, kananan abubuwan daskararre suna zama kusa da ruwa, inda ruwa yake sama da ƙari. Bayan ya balaga, kifayen suna zuwa ƙasa, kusa da murjani murjani, inda suke jagorantar rayuwa ta yau da kullun don diodes.
Kuna buƙatar sani! A cikin bauta, shinge shinge musamman da wuya, saboda wannan yana buƙatar wasu yanayi.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da urchins na teku
Bayani mai amfani ga waɗanda suka yanke shawarar kafa irin wannan dabba mai ɗorewa a cikin akwatin kifaye:
- Tsarin rayuwa a cikin bauta shine har zuwa shekaru 4. A cikin daji, waɗannan kifayen suna rayuwa kaɗan saboda yawansu.
- Idan akwai tsoro ko cikin mawuyacin hali, kifin ya sami damar ƙara sau 4 na asali.
- Ba za a ci naman kifi ba saboda yana da guba sosai. A wasu ƙasashe, naman wannan kifin, wanda aka sani da "puffer", ana ɗaukarsa abin ƙanshi ne mai ban sha'awa, wanda yake da kuɗi da yawa. Amma don dafa shi daidai kawai aan ƙarancin abinci a duniya.
- Guba da ke kunshe a cikin kifi - tetrodoxin - tana da mutu'a ga mutane. Guba mai guba daga mutum 1 kaɗai zai iya kashe kusan mutane 30.
- Harshen shinge yana da tasirin gani na ban mamaki. Wannan ya bashi damar jin 'yanci a cikin duhu.
- A lokacin hadari, kifin ba kawai ya kumbura ba, har ma yana sakin gubarsa cikin ruwa. Mai guba zai iya kashe abokan gaba nan da nan a cikin kusancin.
- Idan mai maganin aquarist ya sa yatsan tare da allurar kifi, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da maganin cutar ta rauni nan da nan, sha magani mai kumburi kuma nan da nan neman taimakon likita. Esarfin ko da ƙananan adadin guba na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Idan ƙaya na shinge mai shinge ya zauna a cikin fata, yakamata a cire shi da hankali.
Abokan gaba na makiya kifi
Tsarin rayuwar manya kusan babu abokan gaba, kamar yadda sauran mahara suke jin tsoron kai masa hari. Manyan kifayen kifayen kawai - shark, dabbar dolphins, orcas - ke fuskantar barazanar kai musu hari. Irin waɗannan lokuta ba su da aure. Kawai a gare su, diode ya zama abinci na ƙarshe, yana makale a cikin makogwaro ko ya lalata esophagus, ciki. A sakamakon haka, kifayen sun mutu.
Wataƙila, don m kifi, babban maƙiyi mutum ne. Abin da aka fi so a lokacin shaƙatawa yana lalata kifi na shinge. Bugu da kari, an kama diodes don kera abubuwan tunawa da abubuwa masu kyau. Daga cikinsu suna yin fitilun fitilu ko fitilun kasar Sin, don sayar wa 'yan yawon bude ido daga baya.
Kifin Hedgehog shine abincin da akafi so a tsakanin mutane da yawa kuma kwano mai tsada a gidajen cin abinci na Asiya. Wadansu sun gwammace yankan kifi na fata a cikin marinade, wasu sun soya nama a cikin batter.
Mafi yawan abokan gaba a soya. Kalilan kalilan ne suke rayuwa daga tsintsiya ɗaya zuwa rayuwa mai 'yanci. Abincin da aka fi so da tunawa da dabbobin ruwa shine shinge na soya.
Kuna buƙatar sani! A ɗaya daga tsibiran Indonesiya, a cikin kabila ɗaya, an sanya kwalkwali mai ban tsoro daga fata ta shinge don jarumawa.
Yarbuwa
Tunda wakilan wannan nau'in har yanzu masu farauta ne, mai shi yana buƙatar yin tunani a hankali game da abin da maƙwabta zasu kewaye tetraodon a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine don shirya babban babban akwatin kifaye don kifaye masu cin nama, amma idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to za a iya ɗaukar tetraodon kore tare da cichlids na Afirka.
Wadannan kifayen suna da kyau tare da maƙwabta masu yankewa. Godiya ga spiked kuma ban da jikin mai guba, pufferfish bai ji tsoron kowane mazaunan cikin akwatin kifaye ba.
Kyakkyawan maƙwabta don kore tetraodons sune Malawi cichlids. Cichlids mai ban tsoro da mummunan aiki ba su dauki tetraodons a matsayin kifi ba saboda yanayin jikinsu wanda ba a lokacin tashin hankali ba, saboda haka a zahiri basa kula dasu.
Hakanan, Malawians da sauri sun fahimci cewa taɓawa da farashi mai mahimmanci kuma, mafi mahimmanci, tetraodons mai guba yana ƙasa da yardar matsakaici. Don zaɓar maƙwabta a cikin nau'ikan kifaye daban-daban don rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye guda ɗaya ya fi ɗaya girma.
Ba a so a shirya ƙananan tetraodons tare da manyan cichlids na Malawia, yana da kyau a jira har sai sun yi girma kaɗan. Kifi na pufferfish ba shi da jituwa tare da ƙananan kifi, har ma da kifayen da ke da dogon wutsiyoyi da ƙamshi (zinariya, neon, guppy).
Idan har yanzu ma an tilasta maigidan na cikin akwatin kifaye don shirya su tare, to ya kamata tetraodons ya zama kaɗan. Abokan cin abincin manya za su fara cizo a wutsiyoyi da ƙusoshin maƙwabta, kuma samammen ɗakunan dabbobi ba su da sha'awar sauran nau'in kifin idan an ƙosar da su.
Zabi na makwabta ya kamata kuma yayi la'akari da ikon kifin zama cikin gishiri ko ruwa mai tsafta.Tetraodon kore yana zaune a cikin ruwan gishiri, kuma wasu kifaye ba za su iya jure yanayin gishiri ba kwata-kwata (Waɗannan duk nau'ikan kifin kifi ne).
Mutane da yawa aquarists suna da matsala tare da katantanwa wanda ke haifar da sauri kuma ya rufe dukkanin hanyoyin da ke cikin akwatin kifaye bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci.
A matsayin mafita ga wannan matsalar, zaku iya sanya ɗan pofferfish a cikin gidan kifi, wanda kuma wani lokacin ana kiransa mai ci snail. A tsakanin kwanaki biyar zuwa bakwai, za'a magance matsalar matsalar kiwo-kiwo.
Propagate gida tetraodons
Ciki a cikin akwatin kifaye a cikin kowane nau'in ya faru daban. Iyakar abin da yanayin ne mai akwatin kifaye daban. Matasa kifi suna da natsuwa kuma ba masu tsaurin ra'ayi ba. Zai yi wuya a rarrabe su ta hanyar jinsi. Wakilan maza sun kasance ƙanana da mara nauyi a launi. A lokacin tsunduma, ana buƙatar taka tsantsan.
Namiji zai tura mace zuwa ga ruwa na sama. Anan ta tsallake. Namiji nan da nan ya hadu da ƙwai. Bayan 'yan kwanaki za ku iya ganin soyayyen launi mai launin shuɗi-tare da abun ƙyallen da aka riga aka yi da kuma farkon ƙusoshin. Bayan sati daya da rabi, yaran sun zama masu iyo masu ruwa-ruwa. Mafi kyawun wurin kifaye a cikin akwatin kifaye shine ƙuraje masu yawan tsire-tsire.
Hedgehog kiwo
A ƙarshen hibernation, lokacin da iska ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 18-20, lokacin shinge zai fara. Hedgehogs sun isa lokacin balaga ta watanni 10-12. Yawan Northernan Arewa suna zama sau ɗaya a shekara, yawan kudanci na haihuwar sau biyu.
Matan shinge na mata suna yin shekera a cikin burrowsrsu, suna rufe rufin ramin da busassun ganye da ciyawa.
Maza yawanci suna yin yaƙi ga mace, suna shirya fadace-fadace da zage-zage da cizo, ciji da juna da ƙafafunsa, suna goge da allura mai kaifi. Sai mai zagaye da'ira ya dauki tsawon lokaci a kusa da mace, wanda kafin dabbar ta haɗu ta share allurar ta. Hedgehogs dabbobi ne masu tarin yawa kuma, bayan an haɗu, an raba su nan da nan.
Zamanin haihuwar ya kasance ne daga kwana 34 zuwa 58, a sakamakon haka, ana haihuwar yara 1 zuwa 7 (yawanci 4) wadanda sukakai gram 12.
Sabuwar shinge makafi ne, an lullube su da tsiraici, fatar launin fata mai haske. A cikin kwanakin farko na rayuwa, laushi, haske da duhu allura suna girma a jikin ƙananan shinge. Bayan makonni 2, an riga an kafa murfin allurar dabba.
Watan farko, kausar mace ta ciyar da saura tare da madara, sannan saurayi yaci gaba da rayuwa mai 'yanci.
Tare da gyaran akwatin kifaye
Saboda gaskiyar cewa hakoran pufferfish suna girma koyaushe, dole ne a kara su a kullun, don haka daga lokaci zuwa lokaci suna buƙatar gabatar da katantanwa tare da bawo a cikin abincin. Kifin kifayen za su yi farin ciki tare da naman sa ko kuma hanta ta tsallake zuwa ɗanyen nama. Idan muka ware irin wannan abincin daga abincin kifayen da zai iya cin abincin su, za a rage tsawon rayuwar shi sau 3 a cikin adadin rayuwar shi na shekaru 10. Kifi baya son nau'in abinci na kore.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Hedgehog kifi a cikin teku
An duƙufa sosai ga bincike na mazaunan tekun, godiya ga wannan iyalin biyu-Doki a yau suna da jinsuna 16, kuma 6 daga cikinsu kawai ana rarrabe su a matsayin shinge na gaskiya. Baya ga su, akwai wasu wakilai a cikin Iyalan Gidaje biyu: cyclichitis, lophodione, dicotilichitis, chylomictus.
Wasu sun yi imani da cewa kifayen shinge da kifayen karnukan guba sun kasance iri ɗaya ne, saboda suna kama sosai. Wannan ba gaskiya bane. Fugu na gidan mutum ne na Hudu, kuma dodannin sun fito ne daga dangin Gu biyu. Wataƙila a baya sun fito ne daga jinsuna ɗaya sabili da haka ana iya ɗaukar su dangi mai nisa.
Bayan bayyana yawancin miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata, daskararru ya zama mazaunin daskararre na dindindin. Idan ba don wata hanyar kariya ce ta musamman ba, da damar rayuwar kifayen da ba ta da kariya ga nau'in farko sun ragu sosai. Godiya kawai ga iyawar datti, yau kamun kifi sun sami kubuta daga manyan magabatansu.
Mutum zai iya lalata yawan daskararru, tunda an kama wani adadin don keɓaɓɓen kayan haɗi, shigo da wasu ƙasashe, kuma wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka kama suna cikin gidajen abinci. Duk da wannan, ichthyologists da kuma masana ilmin halitta ba su yi imani da cewa yawan jama'a suna cikin haɗari kuma wajibi ne don kare wannan nau'in.
Harshen kifi - Kifi mai ban dariya da kyawawan halaye. Ana iya ganin sa a cikin yawancin ruwayoyin ruwa, inda zaku iya kallon shi. Wasu mutane sun yanke shawara su sami wannan mu'ujiza ta ƙetaren a cikin akwatin kifayen, amma ana buƙatar abubuwa uku don wannan - isasshen gogewa a cikin kiyaye kifaye, isasshen akwatin kifin mai dacewa da ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don ita.
Bayanin
Waɗannan kifayen sun gwammace su zauna kusa da ruwan murjani. Bayanin bayyanar shinge yana da ban sha'awa. A cikin al'ada, lokacin da babu abin da ke barazanar da ita, kifin yana da jiki mai daɗewa, an rufe shi da ɗigon ƙasusuwa tare da allura suna matse jikin. Tana bakin bakinta babba da girma, kariya daga faranti da aka yi kama da nau'in beak mai tsuntsu. Fins zagaye ba tare da spikes. An kifin kifin godiya ga jaka ta musamman wadda ke kusa da pharynx, wadda ke cike da ruwa a cikin lokutan haɗari. A cikin yanayin ƙasa, yana juyawa yana jujjuyawa yana iyo har sai maharbin ya ɓace. A cikin hoto zaku iya ganin yadda shingehog yake a cikin "ɗaure" da nau'i mai laushi.
Dogon shinge-dogon kifi (Diodon holacanthus)
A cikin tsayi, kifin na iya isa daga 22 zuwa 54 cm. Rayuwar rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye shine shekaru 4, a cikin yanayin sun mutu da wuri.
Eunice aphrodite (tsutsauran Bobbit)
A shekara ta 2009, kifin ruwan teku ya fara ɓacewa ba tare da wata alama ba a ɗayan ɗakunan ruwa a Burtaniya, kuma an lalata mafi yawan muryoyin. Ma'aikatan sun kafa tarko tare da makaman kifi a cikin begen kama mai laifin, amma duk sun ɓace. Binciken masu laifin, sun lalata akwatin kifin sai suka sami tsutsa mai tsayin Bobbit mai tsayin mita 1.2, wanda da alama ya shiga cikin akwatin kifayen tare da ƙasa ko murjani. Tarkon da tsutsa mai suna Barry, keɓaɓɓe ta.
A farkon rayuwa, tsutsotsin tsutsa 10 cm ne, amma ta shekaru 2 zai iya kaiwa zuwa m 2-3 tare da diamita wanda bai wuce 2.5 cm ba. tsutsa da cm 20 zuwa 30. Tsutsa tana da guba ga kowane irin abu: da guba da ke ciki wadda ke ɓoye ganima.
Megalodicopy
Kusan dukkanin bawo, waɗanda suka haɗa da megalodicopy, suna ciyar da plankton, waɗanda suke samarwa ta hanyar tace ruwan teku. Amma wannan halitta ta sami babbar baki wacce ta haɗiye ƙananan ɓarna da sauran halittun da suka dace. Wutar tashi daga marayu ita ma tana cin abinci iri ɗaya: da zarar ganima ta shiga bakin megalodicopia, nan da nan ta rufe ta buɗe lokacin da maharyin ke sake jin yunwar.
Megalodicopia larvae suna iyo a cikin ruwa har sai sun sami madaidaicin gida don sauran rayuwarsu. Bayan an haɗu, membrane yana fuskantar metamorphosis: ginin da jijiyoyin jiki na ɓoye, kuma ciki da hanjinsa suna ƙaruwa da yawa. Harshen yana zaune a zurfin kilomita 1, kuma yana jan abinci ta hanyar bioluminescence. Megalodicopia yana da ikon ban mamaki don sake haɓakawa: mutum gaba ɗaya zai iya murmurewa daga ƙaramin ƙwayar jiki a cikin makwanni biyu.
Kare Turai
European Proteus, ko olm, suna zaune ne kawai a cikin kogunan teku na Balkan Peninsula, suna ɓatar da kusan rayuwarsa gabaɗaya cikin zafin jiki wanda bai wuce 10 ° C ba. Waɗannan halittun har zuwa 30 cm tsayi kuma masu ƙima basu wuce 150 g ba makaho ne gaba ɗaya, idanunsu kuma a ɓoye suke a ƙarƙashin fata.
Matsakaicin rayuwar Proteus shine shekaru 69, kuma wasu sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 100, kuma idan babu abinci Proteus na iya matsananciyar yunwa na tsawon watanni. Suna da ƙwarewar ji da ƙanshi; ta hanyar ƙanshin za su iya sanin ko ƙwayayen da ke kwance suna da rai ko kuma matattu ne, kuma suna cinye matattu.
Har ila yau sunadarai suna da sunan barkwanci - ana kiransu kifin ɗan adam don launi na fata kama da namu. Duk da rashin kwalliya, zaitun na iya canza launi a ƙarƙashin tasirin hasken rana, wato a zahiri.
Bayanin waje
Kifi na urchin kifi - wakilin dangin dangin yatsun bakin 'ya' ya 'ya, yana zaune kusa da ruwan murjani a cikin tekuna da tekuna na wurare masu zafi. Mutane sun fi so su zauna shi kadai, yin iyo tsakanin murjani da cin llan ciwarku.
A yanayinta na yau da kullun, urchin mai kifi ne na yau da kullun, ba ya da hankali. Ga yadda shinge yayi kama da:
- Tsawon jikinta shine 30-60 cm, launi yana haske tare da ja, launin ruwan kasa ko farar fata, a cikin yanayin da aka saba, ƙayayuwa ba su ganuwa kuma an matse su a jiki.
- Shugaban yana da zagaye, mai kaifin haske, jaws mai karfi tare da hakora masu hakora kamar faranti.
- Halin halayyar sune garkuwar ƙashi mai laushi tare da kashin baya, yana rufe jikin duka, kamar tariyar kariya, tsawon allura ya kai 5 cm.
- Insasan suna zagaye, ba tare da dunƙule ba, amma akwai ratsin mara motsi sama da ƙasa da wutsiya.
Akwai jaka na musamman a bakin - wani ɗaki a cikin makogwaro, cike da ruwa idan akwai haɗari da yin ƙwallon ƙaya daga kifi.
Longhorn Saber
Wannan mazaunin teku, wanda wasu masana kimiyyar kimiyya suka kira mafi kyawun halitta a cikin duniya, yana rayuwa ne a zurfin kilomita 0.5 zuwa 5. Yana da hakora mafi tsayi dangane da jiki: tsawon sabor-toothed shine 15 cm, kuma hakora - gwargwadon 7 cm. Don ƙaƙƙarfan makami don dacewa da bakin rufe, akwai takamaiman sanarwa a cikin jaw. Haka kuma, kwakwalwar kifin ya kasu kashi biyu - kuma duk don kada hakora su lalata shi.
Abin ban sha'awa ne cewa samarin sabro-tootheds masu tsayi, da suke rayuwa a zurfin kusan 150 m, sun sha bamban sosai da fitowar su daga dangin da suka manyanta - don har tsawon lokaci ana ɗaukar su nau'in halitta daban.
Tauraruwar Arewa (baƙar fata)
Baƙin tauraron ɗan Amurka ɗin ya sami sunan ƙaunarsa saboda godiya ta musamman ga idanunsa waɗanda suke saman saman kansa, wanda da alama suna kallon samaniya. Har ila yau, bakin kifin an karkatar da shi zuwa sama: an binne gawarsa a cikin yashi yayin farauta, bakinsa a shirye yake koyaushe don kama abincin da yake wucewa.
Matsayi na tauraron tauraron dan adam wanda ke rayuwa a zurfin da bai wuce 100 m ba. Tare da tsawonsa har zuwa rabin mita, nauyinsa ya kai kilo 9. An sanya wa tauraron tauraron sunan lakabin “mafi ma'ana a duniya”, tunda ya kama ganima ba wai kawai da guba ba, har ma da wutar lantarki. Abin sha'awa shine, sabanin sauran mazaunan ruwa 'wadanda ke sanye da' kayan lantarki, tauraron saman tauraron dan adam ba zai iya daukar matatun na waje.
Pike Sea Dog
Karnukan Pike na teku sune mafarauta masu zafin hali waɗanda basa rasa damar damun abin da ke faruwa kuma suna tsaron gidajensu da zafin rai. Suna yawan cin lokaci a cikin “gidajen” su, wanda yawanci kwalabe ne da gwangwani waɗanda mutane suke jifa da su. Duk da irin girman da suke da shi, basa wuce 30 cm ba, suna kokarin cizo harma da wadanda suke yin iyo ba tare da shinge ba, musamman idan sun kare zuriyarsu nan gaba.
Karnukan suna da fasali guda ɗaya: lokacin da suke kusanci da fellowan’uwansu, suna buɗe babbar bakin kuma su kusanci abokan gaba don su kori. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, wanda ke da ƙaramin bakin ya ja da baya, amma idan barazanar ba ta yi tasiri ba, to ana yin faɗa tsakanin kifin, inda ake amfani da haƙoran haƙora.
Habitat da abinci
Gabaɗaya, masanan ilimin teku suna ƙidaya kusan nau'ikan urchins 15, waɗanda babban mazauninsu shine ruwan tekun Pacific, Atlantika da Indiya. A cikin tekuna na wurare masu zafi da yanayin zafi, zaku iya haɗuwa da wakilan abincin pufferfish, musamman babban adadinsu a gefen tekun Bahar Rum.
Harshen shinge na gaske sun fi son ruwan gishiri, amma wasu nau'ikan sun daidaita don zama a cikin ruwa mai kyau. Mutumin da bai san yadda za a yi iyo da sauri ba, ya zaɓi ruwan sanyi a kusa da bakin tekun, yana zama a tsakanin murjani, kuma wani lokacin yana iyo tare da rafin.
Kifaye masu santsi da jinkirin da yawa sukan fada ganima ga masu manyan dabbobi Masunta sun saba samun kifayen kifi da barracudas a cikin ragarsu.wadanda suka nemi su ci shinge, kuma wadanda ke makale ne kawai a cikin bakin mazon da suka lalata shi da guba. Abin da ya sa teku urchin ya fi son farauta da yin iyo da daddare, da lokacin rana don ɓoye a cikin duwatsun reefs da duwatsu.
Misali yana ciyarwa, alal misali, a kan ruwan wake
Me kifin shingehog yake ci?
Komawa ga rayuwar da ba ta dace ba ce ta ba wa mazaunan ruwa kyakkyawan hangen nesa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen farauta da kuma kiyaye kai. Tushen abinci mai gina jiki a cikin yanayin halitta shine:
Gyauwar murjani, kifin ya karye shi a baki tare da taimakon hakoran hakora, kuma manyan kasusuwa masu narkewa a hankali ana narke su a ciki sannan kuma aka cire su ta dabi'a. Yawan abin da aka sanya a cikin dutsen da aka girka a ciki ya kai gram 500.
A cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye, ana ciyar da kifin shrimp, ƙananan kifin ruwa da kuma kayan abinci na musamman na teku.
Chimera
Chimeras mai zurfi-ruwa shine mafi kusancin dangin sharks waɗanda ke rayuwa a zurfin har zuwa kilomita 2.5. Kashinsu kuma ya kunshi guringuntsi, amma ba kamar sharks ba, chimeras suna “sanye da su” da wani irin mai guba wanda yake kusa da fin fin din. Chimeras suna zama a inda babu kusan hasken rana, don farauta suna amfani da “firikwensin” da suke kan kai, wanda suke kama harda raunin wutar lantarki wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar abubuwan da zasu iya faruwa.
Haɗin waɗannan kifayen, wanda tsawonsa bai wuce 30 cm ba (duk da cewa jinsin mutum ɗaya saboda dogayen wutsiya na iya kaiwa zuwa 1.5 m), kodayake ba zai iya yin gasa da ƙarfi tare da ɗan shark ba, daidai yake da 100 Newtons. Don kwatantawa: cizo na cat na gida yana da rabin ƙarfi. Chimeras ba shi da kaifi mai haɓaka da sabon hakora, kamar kifin sharks, maimakon waɗannan kifayen suna da farantin haƙora 3, waɗanda a zahiri sara da mai laifin a cikin rabi.
Sake bugun pufferfish
Ba a san komai game da tsarin kiwo na waɗannan halittu. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun yi nasarar tabbatar da cewa a lokacin lokacin mating, mace suna jefa ƙwaya cikin ruwa, maza kuma suna jefa madara. Lokacin da suka hadu, hadi da kasancewar abin toya a cikin zurfin qwai sun faru, wanda kadan ne kawai ke tsira. Daga abubuwan da aka hado dasu, cikakke kuma lafiyayyun mutane sun bayyana.
Suna zaune ƙasa da 'yanci fiye da a cikin akwatin kifaye
Batirin Darwin
Jikan Darwin kifi ne wanda baƙon abu ne ta kowace hanya. Ta, ba shakka, ta san yadda ake iyo, amma ya fi son motsawa tare da tushe akan ƙananan ƙusoshin da ke kama da kafafu. Fitowar ta shima baƙon abu bane: mai haske, kamar an manne shi da leɓar lebe mai leɓen baki da dogon hanci, a saman wani ɓangaren da ake kira "eska", yana haske cikin duhu don jan hankalin ganima. Irin wannan na'urar don batir kawai ya zama dole, saboda yana zaune a zurfin 73 m, inda kusan babu hasken rana.
Masana kimiyya sunyi imani cewa irin waɗannan lebe suna taimakawa jigon Darwin don bambanta danginsu yayin balaguro. Duk da kamanninsa mai ban tsoro, wannan kifin santimita 20 ba shi da haɗari ga mutane.
Bolsherot, ko kifin Pelican
Ana samun Pelican eel a cikin dukkan tekuna a zurfin 0.5 zuwa 3 kuma ya girma zuwa kusan 60-75 cm, tare da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na jikin duka yana cikin bakin. Bakin bakin diddigen ya kasance mai shimfiɗa ya zama juzu'ai na kamun kifi: ta hanyar yin iyo da tara abincin da zai yuwu, y'ir ya tattara ta da taimakon bakin da baƙon abu. Abun ciki yana daɗaɗɗe, saboda abin da zai iya ɗaukar ganima mai girman gaske don kansa.
Ba kamar sauran mala'iku ba, elwallen fata ba shi da mafitsara ko ruwa, huji da sikeli. Bai yi kama da yawancin kifi mai zurfi-teku ba, saboda yana da ƙanana, idanu masu haɓaka, waɗanda, mafi yawancin, ana buƙatar kawai don kama haske. Dogon wutsiya yana taimakawa wajen motsa farjin, a ƙarshen abin da akwai cakuduwa, mai haske cikin ruwan hoda, manufar wacce ba a sani ba.
Hatchet kifi
Wadannan mazaunan ruwan na wurare masu zafi da ƙananan ruwa suna rayuwa a zurfin 2 kilomita. Hatchets ƙananan kifi ba su wuce 7-8 cm ba, wanda ya sami suna don wani sabon abu, jikin mai lalacewa sosai a gaɓoɓin, suna kama da gatari da makama.
Kamar kowane kifi mai zurfi-teku, kifayen suna da daskararren hoto, amma ba sa amfani da su don farauta, sai don ɓarkewa. “Hasken walƙiya” suna nan ta hanyar da aka kunna hasken fitilar su ƙasa, saboda ba shi yiwuwa a lura da kifin ga masu farautar suna iyo a ƙasa. Wadannan kifayen suna da manya-manyan idanu masu taimaka musu su dagula kansu: suna ɗaukar hasken farin da ke zuwa daga saman teku, ƙyallen kuma tana daidaita hasken haskakawa ya kasance har abada ba iya ganuwa ga abokan gaba.
Shin kun san sabon abu da yake zaune a cikin zurfin teku wanda bamuyi magana akai ba?
Ta yaya shingehogs ke rayuwa a cikin halitta?
A dabi'ance su, shinge sune dabbobi da ba kowa bane, suna haifar da rayuwa ta sirri. Hedgehogs suna bacci da rana, suna ɓoye cikin ramuka masu tsayi guda 1 zuwa tsayin mita 1 ko kuma suna zaune a wuraren da babu komai a ciki. Yawan jama'ar wuraren matattakala suna amfani da wuta tsakanin duwatsu da ɓarna a ƙarƙashin duwatsu kamar mafaka. Harshen daji suna yin farauta da dare, sun gwammace kada suyi nesa da gida. Abin takaici, kididdigar ta nuna cewa wasu 'yan shingaye sun mutu a karkashin kafafun motoci, suna kokarin tsallaka hanyoyin kyauta da daddare.
Bayyanar Magana
Gourmets waɗanda suka gwada wannan kifin suna bayyana abin da suke ji kamar haka: yayin da suke cin abinci, guguwa tana juye da kafafu da farko, sannan hannaye, sannan kuma jaws ɗin su daina aiki. A wannan halin, idanu ne kawai ke iya motsawa. Bayan dan kankanin lokaci, komai ya fara zuwa rayuwa, kyautar magana ta dawo, bayan haka kafafu da makamai suka fara motsi. Samurai 'yan kasar Japan sun yi imanin cewa tashi daga rayuwa shine apotheosis na kyakkyawa. Kifin Puffer yana ba mutum damar taɓa fahimtar Jafananci na kammala, kuma idan ya yi nasara, ko da baya.
Wadannan halittu masu ban dariya
Mazaunan teku mai zurfi da aka bincika, duk da bayyanar da tsayayye, suna da wayau kuma masu nasara. A cikin motsi, kifin yayi kama da kudan zuma cikin sauri tare da fuka-fuki, wanda ke daskarewa a cikin iska kusa da fure. Matasa suna da kwanciyar hankali, galibi sukan taru a garken, kodayake, tare da shekaru, halayensu suna canzawa sosai, kuma suna zama marasa rayuwa da m. Wadannan halittun masu ban dariya da idanuna masu canzawa da motsawa suna da alaƙa da keɓance ruwan huɗu. Su ne mafi kyawun sawu mai cin zato. Irin wannan kwarewar kifin-kifi ya faru ne saboda tsarin musamman na jijiyoyi da jiki. Pretty da sauri da kuma nimble, ta, racing ta kadan na kadan, ta matso kusa da wanda aka azabtar. Kuma a sa'an nan, a farkon damar, samarwa ya isa don ƙaramar ta, amma sanye take da farar faranti huɗu na musamman. Sharotel yana da karfi da jaws da aka tsara don murkushe daskararru daga cikin mollusks. Gill rufe a cikin kifi an rage; gibba biyu ramuka ne kusa da ƙwanƙolin ɓangarorin biyu. Sakamakon tsarin ƙusoshin, bargo na iya canza yanayin motsi da gaske ko da motsawa baya, da kuma rataye a wurin. Sikeli da ke rufe jikin yana da kaifi mai kaifi kuma yayi kama da ƙanshi.