Teku na duniya ya ba da mamaki da nau'o'in halittu masu rai waɗanda ba mutane kaɗai ba, har ma da masu bincike. A cewar masana ilimin kimiyyar halittar dabbobi, kashi 10% ne kawai na rayuwar marine aka sani kuma mafi yawa ko lessasa da binciken masana kimiyya na zamani. Wannan na faruwa ne sakamakon wahalar da masu binciken hanyoyin sararin samaniya ke fuskanta: babban zurfi, rashin hasken rana, matsin lamba daga masu ruwa da ruwa, da kuma barazanar daga magabatan ruwa. Amma duk da haka, an yi nazarin wasu dabbobin ruwa sosai. Misali, beluga kifi Wamanle dabbar dabba ce daga babban yashewar dabbar Whale, mallakar kananan dangin narwhal.
Bayyanar
Don fahimtar abin da kifi Whale yayi kama, kuna buƙatar tunanin babban dabbar dolphin tare da karamin kai ba tare da baki ba ("hanci"). Halin halayyar dabba shine kasancewar babban goshi a gaban kansa, saboda haka ana kiran beluga whales "lobate". Ba a sanya murfin mahaifa na mahaifa ba, don haka waɗannan wakilan cetaceans, sabanin yawancin danginsu, na iya juya kawunansu ta fuskoki daban-daban.
Belugas suna da ƙananan ƙoshin kifayen wutsiya da wutsiya mai ƙarfi, amma babu fin fin dorsal.
Dabbobin da suka manyanta (sama da shekara uku) suna da fararen fata, daga inda sunansu ya fito. An haife yara a cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko ma duhu, amma bayan shekara ɗaya fatar jikinsu tayi haske kuma ta sami ƙarancin launin toka mai haske.
Beluga dabbobi ne masu shayarwa masu ban sha'awa: maza sun kai mita 5-6 a tsayi kuma sunada akalla tan 1.5-2, mata sunada kanana.
Habitat
Wadannan mazaunan teku sun zabi ruwan Tekun Arctic - Kara, Barents, Chukchi tekuna. A cikin Bahar Maliya galibi ana samun su kusa da tsibirin Solovetsky. Yawancin kifayen warin beluga suna zaune a tsakanin 50 ° zuwa 80 ° arewa latitude. Ba tare da izuwa tekun teku na Tekun Pacific ba - Tekun Okhotsk, Japan da Bering, kuma ku shiga Tekun Baltic (ginin Tekun Atlantika).
Belukha dabba ce mai shayarwa, amma a cikin ganima yakan shiga manyan kogunan arewacin - Amur, Ob, Lena, Yenisei, suna iyo daruruwan kilomita sama.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tushen abincin da beluga Whales ke makaranta shine kifi - capelin, herring, polar cod, cod, Pacific navaga. Suna son cin daskararre, farin kifi ko kifin kifi, ba kasafai suke farautarsu da ɓarna ba.
Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna kama kifi a babban garken. Suna "magana" da juna kuma suna aiki tare, suna tura kifin a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, inda ya fi dacewa a kama.
Farar Whale ya tsotse ya haɗiye abincinsa duka. Wani dattijo yana cinye kilogram 15 na kifaye a rana ɗaya.
Rayuwa, halaye da mahimmancin tattalin arziki
Whale ko dabbar doluga? Za a tattauna wannan a ƙasa. Yanzu bari muyi magana game da halaye na waɗannan mazaunan ruwa. Sukan buɗe sararin ruwa a cikin ƙaramin garke - kowane mutum 10-15, kowannensu kuma yana iyo dabam da na mace tare da 'yan sanduna. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 10-12 km / h, amma a cikin haɗari na iya hanzarta zuwa 25 km / h.
Kamar dabbar dolphin na yau da kullun, kifin beluga na iya nutsewa zuwa zurfin 300 m, amma kowane minti na 5 yana fitowa daga farfaɗiya don haɗiye sabon iska. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya ci gaba da zama ƙarƙashin ruwa tsawon minti 15-20, amma babu ƙari. Wannan yana bayanin dalilin da yasa a cikin hunturu na belugas guje wa bangarorin kankara - daskararren kankara ruwa yana toshe hanyar samun isashshen oxygen.
Abokan gaba na dabbobi sune kisa whales da bears. Idan mai kisa kifi ya bi sahun beluga a ƙarƙashin ruwa, to ba za ta sami damar samun ceto ba. Lelar kwayar tana bibiyar “farin kifi Whales” a dabbar da ake kashewa a lokacin da suke fitowa daga sama, sannan a cire ta daga ruwan su ci.
Kowace bazara, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna motsawa a zahirin ma'anar kalmar, wato, suna zubar da tsohuwar fata, don abin da suke rub da bayansu da tarnaƙi a kan leɓunan cikin ruwa mai rauni.
Beluga dabba ce mai faranta rai kuma mai faranta rai, tana da daɗi da mutane, tana hulɗa da nishaɗi kuma tana ba da kanta ga horo. Ba dai a sami kwafin ko guda ɗaya na farin kifi Whale a kan mutum ba tukuna. Sabili da haka, waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa sau da yawa suna gudana a cikin dabbobin ruwa, suna taimakawa iri-iri, masu sihiri, masu bincike a cikin teku mai zurfi.
A dabi'a, waɗannan 'yan cetaceans suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 35-40, a zaman talala - har zuwa shekaru 50.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Tsarin daskarewa da kuma haihuwa a cikin belugas yana faruwa a yankuna na bakin teku, a wurare da ruwa mai ɗumi. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, waɗannan wurare wurare kusa da bakin kogi. A nan ne ke tsakanin tsakanin ranakun bazara da na kaka na dabbobin dollar polar. A cikin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, an haife ɗan maraƙi ɗaya tsawon mita 1.4-1.6 kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 70. Tsarin shayar da jarirai yana da shekaru 1.5. Kuma mace tana aure a cikin mako guda bayan haihuwa.
Beluga cub kusa da mahaifiyarta.
Don jawo hankalin mata, maza kan shirya yaƙe-yaƙe. Tsarin ciki na tsawon watanni 14. Balagagge a cikin mace na faruwa ne a shekaru 4-7, kuma bayan sun kai shekara 20 sun rasa ikon yin juna biyu. Balagagge a cikin maza yana faruwa ne a shekaru 7-9. Matsakaicin shekarun rayuwar belugas shine shekaru 35-40, kuma a zaman bauta, dabbobin dollar pola sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 45.
Bayani da bayyanar
Beluga kifi Whale - yana nufin dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin narwhal, ƙarancin kifayen yashe, amma sau da yawa saboda wuraren da suke zaune, ana ɗaukar dabbar dolphin. Akwai nau'ikan halittu guda uku a kan ƙasar Rasha - gabashin Gabas, Kara da kuma bakin Tekun Fasha.
Dabba na manya-manya masu girma har tsawon mita 6, kuma nauyinsu yakai tan 2. Mata sun yi karanci.
Launi ya canza a tsawon shekaru - a cikin dabbobi da aka haife su, launin jikin shi launin shudi ne-baki, bayan shekara daya ya zama mai yawa, ya sami launin toka ko launin shuɗi, bayan shekaru uku zuwa biyar dabbar ta zama mai yin jima'i, ƙwanƙwasa ta zama mai lalacewa da ɓacewa, belugas ya zama gaba ɗaya fari (saboda haka kuma kiransu wancan). Wannan launi ana kiyaye shi har abada.
Shugaban yana ƙarami, amma babban goshi yana bayyana a kansa. Yawancin kifi Whales ba su san yadda za su juya kawunansu ba, saboda vertebrae yanki ɗaya ne - hade da juna. Kuma a cikin warin kifi na beluga an raba su da guringuntsi, don haka kifi Whale na iya jujjuya kansa inda ya cancanta. Gashinan fuskokinsu suna da hannu sosai kuma ana samun ra'ayi sau da yawa cewa kashin yana bayyana wasu ji - farin ciki, jin daɗi, raini ko fushi.
Fashin ƙwallon ƙafa ba su da girma babba, oval. Beluga bashi da finfin dorsal. Domin a cikin kankara, wannan kwatancin na iya zama dalla-dalla kuma zai tsoma baki.
Fatar ta yi kauri sosai (har zuwa santimita 2) da ƙarfi, a ƙarƙashinta akwai fatima mai kauri, lokacin farin ciki ya kai 15 santimita, wanda ke hidimar dabbar kamar ruɓaɓɓen zafi.
Halayya da Abinci
Belugas sun fi son rayuwar gama kai, garken su ya ƙunshi babban rukuni - maza suna shiga cikin wasu gungun, kuma mace tare da samari a cikin wasu. A lokacin bazara, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna zuwa gaɓar sanyi ta arewacin, inda suke ciyar da lokacin dumama a cikin ƙaramin biya da kuma yankuna kusa da nesa. A cikin ruwa mai zurfi a wannan lokacin, haɓakar kifaye na ainihi.
Abincin abincin dabbar dollar pola ya ƙunshi capelin, polar cod, flounder, cod, da navaga. Belugas kuma suna son kifin salmon, herring, shellfish da crustaceans. Dolphins ba su kwace ganimarsu ba, amma suna tsotse shi da ruwa. A cikin bazara, beluga kifi Whales fara molt, dabbobi rabu da matattu fata Layer, girgiza a kan pebbles da kananan duwatsu, a sakamakon abin da tsohon fata exfoliates tare da manyan flaps.
Beluga kifi Whale ciyar da kifi.
Kasuwancin Beluga a koyaushe suna amfani da lokacin bazara a wasu wuraren, wato, bayan hunturu, koyaushe suna komawa wuraren da aka haife su; amma ba a cire wani ci gaba na abubuwan da suka faru. Lokacin da sanyi mai zafi ya faru, dabbobin ruwa daga kankara suna barin bangarorin bakin teku kuma suna iyo kusa da gefen filayen kankara. Idan kifayen ba su da isasshen kifi don ciyar da su, suna iyo a wuraren da kankara ke iyo. A cikin wadannan wuraren an samar da garin kankara daga ruwa da kankara. Dolphins suna taruwa kusa da daɗaɗɗen itace lokaci-lokaci suna man kawunansu don yin numfashi.
Belha babban whale mai iyo a cikin wasan hannu yana busa ruwa da iska.
Irin waɗannan ramuka a cikin kankara na iya kasancewa mil da dama daga juna. Idan tsutsotsi sun rufe sararin dusar ƙanƙara, to, dabbar dolphins tana huda shi da jikinsu mai ƙarfi. A yayin iska mai karfi, arewa, kankara kan iya jingina da juna, yana toshe garken sama. Irin wannan halin yana da haɗari sosai ga kifayen beluga, tunda yana iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ɗaukacin ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan wakilai zasu mutu.
Abokan gaba
Belugas suna da maƙiya biyu kawai (teku da ƙasa) - kisa whale da bears polar bear. Waɗannan sune ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi biyu kuma mafi girma.
Lararancin furanni kamar gaske shine ɗanɗano da beluga Whales saboda lokacin farin ciki mai kitse. A lokacin hunturu, bears ya yi kwanto kusa da manyan wuraren narkewa, kuma idan dabbar dolfin ya rufe fuskarsa don ɗaukar iska, bear ta kama shi da ƙarfi. Gashi yakan fitar da mai bakin ciki daga ruwa ya ci a ƙasa.
Orcas kuma yana son naman dabbar dolphins. Kisa kifayen cikin sauri da kuma kai hari a kan dabbobin ruwa a cikin ruwa, abu ne mai wuya a kubuta daga irin wannan azumin mai saurin walƙiya, saboda kifayen kisa suna isa da sauri kamar dabbobin dollar polar.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Sake haifuwa da yara
Maza sun zama masu balaguro yayin da suka shekara 7, mace tayi yawa a baya - yana dan shekara 4. The mating lokacin yana dogaro da mazauninsu - daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa Yuni. Yawancin lokaci, don jin daɗin lumana, an zaɓi wurare masu natsuwa a bakin tekun. A lokacin wasannin mating, maza za su yi faɗa don zawarcin mace, suna shirya gwagwarmaya na gaske a cikin ruwa. Mace na zabi wanda ya ci nasara a matsayin abokin tarayya, sannan dabbar ta dace.
Mata masu juna biyu suna yin rukuni-rukuni wanda suke ɗaukar tsawon lokacin haila har sai sun haihu. Suna haihuwa a yankin gabar teku a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar ɗa guda ɗaya, kodayake wasu lokuta (amma da wuya sosai) akwai tagwaye. Bayan watanni 13-14, an haifi karamin dabbar dolfin. Haihuwar haihuwa na faruwa tare da jela a gaba. Tsawon sa har zuwa tsayi daya da rabi, nan da nan, tun da aka haife shi cikin haske, jaririn ya fito daga farfajiya ya ɗauki numfashin farko. Uwa tana ciyar da babban ɗan ta (har kilo 80 a lokacin haihuwa) tare da madara, kuma tana yin wannan na tsawon lokaci - daga shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu.
Halaye
Belugas suna da hangen nesa mai kyau - suna iya gani sosai a ƙarƙashin ruwa da sama da shi, amma sun fi son hawa cikin cikin ruwa ta amfani da siginar da aka bayar a cikin kewayon ultrasonic - sun fahimci daga amsawar da aka dawo cewa akwai shamaki ko makarantar kifi a gaba. Amma ban da wannan, belugas na iya yin sautikan sauti har guda hamsin: a nan za a iya murƙushe tsuntsayen, majiyoyi cikin sautuna da yawa, kururuwa, hargitsi, raɗaɗa, wasu saƙo na sake tunawa da ƙara. Sauti, kamar yawancin dabbobi, ana amfani da su don sadarwa tsakanin mambobin ƙungiyar. Sun koyi yin amfani da fuskokin fuskoki iri ɗaya.
Man da beluga whale
Sakamakon yanayin da ke tattare da yanayin igiyar daji ta beluga don yin ƙaura tare da hanyoyi iri ɗaya, kifayen kifi suna zama ganima ga mafarautan kifi Whale. An kora dabbobi zuwa cikin kwari mai zurfi, wanda aka lalata su. A wata hanyar mugunta da ta yi kama, daruruwan waɗannan mutanen sun lalace. Ko amfani da wasu hanyoyin - alal misali, toshe motsi daga tekuna da raga. Sun yi farauta saboda kifi Whales ya shahara ga nama mai taushi, fata mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, mai kifi mai whale da abin da ake kira whalebone.
A cikin duniyar yau, an haramta farauta, dabba an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi.
Bambanci na kifayen wables daga wasu kifayen whales
- Beluga kifayen whales za a iya tamed da horarwa. Wannan abin da mutane ke amfani dashi lokacin ƙirƙirar dolphinariums, inda dabbobin ruwa suke zaune a cikin yanayi na kusanci zuwa yanayin halitta. Su tare da taimakon masu horarwa suna koyon dabaru iri daban-daban kuma suna shirya wasanni. Hakanan ana koya musu harbi a cikin ruwa, wanda ke taimakawa a cikin binciken Arctic.
- Belugas ba kawai mafarauta masu kyau ba ne, har ma da kyawawan iri. Sai kawai a cikin ruwa, waɗannan kifayen kifi ba za su iya daukar lokaci mai yawa - ba fiye da minti 10-15. Suna buƙatar fito da kowane fewan mintuna a farfajiya don su iya samin wani yanki na iska.
- Don ci gaba da aiki na yau da kullun, yakamata belugas yakamata ya ci ƙaran kilo 15 na abinci kowace rana.
Sau da yawa, waɗannan kifayen kifi, saboda iyawa da rawa da yin sautuna daban-daban, ana kiransu "canaries teku." Saboda wannan dalili ne, kalmar 'rurin beluga' ta tafi.
Labari da Bayyanar
Beluga kifi Whale - yana nufin dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin narwhal, wani yanki ne na kifayen ƙwayaye, amma yawancin lokuta saboda waɗancan wuraren har ma suna rayuwa, ana ɗaukar dabbar dolphin. Akwai nau'ikan halittu guda uku a kan ƙasar Rasha - gabashin Gabas, Kara da kuma bakin Tekun Fasha.
Dabbar da ke da girma girma har tsawon mita 6, kuma farashin ta yakai tan 2. Mata sun yi karanci.
Launi yana canzawa tsawon shekaru - a cikin sababbin jarirai, launin jikin shi launin shudi ne-baki, bayan shekara daya ya zama mai yawan paler, ya sami launin toka ko launin shuɗi, bayan shekara uku zuwa biyar dabbar ta zama mai yin jima'i, luwadi ya zama fari kuma ya ɓace, beluga kifi whales ya zama fari gaba ɗaya (na ci kuma kiransu wancan). Wannan launi ana kiyaye shi har abada.
Shugaban yana ƙarami, amma babban goshi yana bayyana a kansa. Yawancin kifi Whales ba su san yadda za su juya kawunansu ba, tunda vertebrae bangare guda ne - hade tsakanin fuskoki. Kuma a cikin warin kifi na beluga an raba su da guringuntsi, don haka kifi Whale na iya jujjuya kansa inda ya cancanta. Gashinan fuskokinsu suna da hannu sosai kuma ana samun ra'ayin kullun cewa kashin yana bayyana kowane irin yanayi a wannan yanayin - farin ciki, jin daɗi, raini ko fushi.
Fasusufin yankin yana da ƙananan ƙananan: ba su da ilimi ba manya-manya ba. Beluga bashi da finfin dorsal. Domin a cikin kankara wannan sashin na iya (pre) mai girma kuma zai tsoma baki.
Fatar ta yi kauri sosai (da ta wuce santimita 2) da karfi, a karkashinta akwai mai bayoneti, wani lokacin kauri ya kai har santimita 15, ta wani yaro) ga dabba mai dauke da rufin zafi.
Habitat, halin
Beluga Whale yana zaune a cikin tekun Arctic Ocean da kuma ruwan Far North, yana zaune a bakin tekun Arewacin Amurka, kafada zuwa kafada, bakin tekun Greenland. Namijin ya zama ruwan dare a cikin Bering, Okhotsk, da White Seas; a takaice tafiya ce, yawan kifayen sun shiga yankin Baltic. A cikin yanayin fashewar, lokaci zuwa lokaci ya isa koguna na Lena, Yenisei da Ob, suna iyo a cikin kilomita da yawa, amma koyaushe yana komawa zuwa tarkon teku - akwai sauran kifayen abinci da yawa a can. Ka ji daɗin bayanin da keɓaɓɓen wannan dabbar tana zaune a Kogin St. Lawrence.
Daya-daya da Beluga Whale
Saboda yanayin da ake ciki na beluga kifi Whales don yin ƙaura tare da hanyoyi iri ɗaya, kifi kafin ya zama mai sauƙin farauta ga masu farautar nama. An kora dabbobi a cikin kwari, wanda aka lalata su. Hakanan ma mummunan lalacewa ne, kawai fewan daruruwan waɗannan mutanen sun hallaka. Ko kuma sun yi amfani da wasu hanyoyin - wato, sun toshe motsi tare da raga da raga. Sun farauta saboda, kamar kifi Whales sun shahara ga nama mai taushi, fata mai ƙarfi, fat mai kifi mai ƙarfi da abin da ake kira whalebone.
A cikin duniyar yau, an haramta farauta, an jera dabbar a cikin Littafin Ruwan Zuma.
Fasali da mazaunin muhallin beluga
Beluga kifi Whale (daga Latin Delphinapterus leucas) babban shayarwa ne, dangin narwhals ne, ƙananan raunin da ya faru shine babban kifi Whales. An dauke shi dabbar dolphin saboda mazaunin sa - tekunan tekun Arewa da kuma wuraren ajiya na polar.
Rarraba keɓaɓɓu (50-80 digiri na arewa nesa). Beluga Whale yana zaune a cikin wannan tekuna: Bering, White, Okhotsk, wani lokacin yakan shiga Tekun Baltic. A lokacin ambaliyar tana iya isa kogunan: Ob, Yenisei, Lena. A cewar wasu majiyoyi, akwai keɓaɓɓen babban kifi Whale a cikin Kogin St. Lawrence.
Tana da manya-manyan girma: namiji ya kai tsawon mita 6, mace - har zuwa mita 5. Yawan nauyin jiki daga tan 1.5 zuwa tan 2. Wani fasali mai banbancin dabbar doluga shine kaninsa, wanda baya rikitar da shi da wani.
Hakanan yana iya juya kansa, wanda ba halayyar kifi Whales bane. Vertebrae na mahaifa yana ba da gudummawa ga wannan. Insaƙƙarfan ƙyallen akan kirji ƙananan ne, ƙarami ne. A cikin kifayen beluga, sabanin dabbobin dolphins, babu fin a bangon baya, saboda haka ana kiranta "dabbar dolphin mara waya".
Launi dabbar dolfin kifi ya bambanta kuma ya dogara da ƙarni na mallakar. Cubaƙatan da aka haife su kawai suna da shuɗi masu launin shuɗi da duhu. Abubuwan da mutane suka kai shekara sun canza launin toka, sun sami launin toka ko launin toka mai haske. Wasu lokuta launi yana canzawa zuwa launi mai laushi mai laushi. Wakilan jama’ar da ke tsakanin shekaru 3-5 zuwa 3 suna da fararen launi.
Halayyar Whale Beluga da salon rayuwa
Belugas ayanan saka a fakitoci. An shirya rukunoni kusan kamar wannan: mace mai ƙwatanwa ko 'yan dozin da yawa. Rayuwar rayuwa ta ƙunshi ƙaura yanayi na tsari.
A cikin hunturu, suna ƙoƙarin kiyaye gefen gefuna masu ruwa mai ruwa. Sau da yawa nakan garke a lokacin hunturu beluga whale ɗaure lokacin farin ciki da yawa kuma da yawa yana ƙare da baƙin ciki. Sau da yawa, ƙungiyoyi suna ƙaura zuwa kudu, lokacin da murfin yana da babban lokacin ƙara girman icing.
A cikin bazara, makarantu sannu a hankali suna motsawa cikin ruwa mai zurfi, zuwa ga kewayen wurare, zuwa tekuna, da fjords. Wannan halin yana faruwa ne saboda molting shekara-shekara. Suna gurɓata babban ɓangaren matsanancin wuta ta hanyar harba su a kan tsage ko bankuna masu wuya.
Hijira koyaushe ana yin sa ne ta hanya daya. Gaskiyar ita ce beluga dabbar dolphin yana tuna wurin haifuwarsa kuma yana neman komawa can duk shekara. Za'a iya ɗauka Beluga cikakken zama ne na zamantakewa cikin kungiyar. Domin sun bunkasa haɓaka sadarwa: tare da taimakon sautuna, harshe na jiki da fuskokin fuskoki.
Masana kimiyya sun kirga har sautuna sama da 50 waɗanda wannan dabba za ta iya yi. Masu aikin jirgin ruwa suna kira whale beluga "Canary of space." Yanayin dabbar yana da halin kirki, wannan yana bayanin kamanninsa ga dabbar dolphin. Yana ba da kansa cikakkiyar horo, zaka iya ganin wasan kwaikwayon circus mai ban sha'awa tare da kasancewarsu. Sanadaran ceton mutane an san su. dabbar dolfin iska.
Siffofin bayyanar beluga Whales
Belugas sune manyan dabbobi: tsayin jikinsu shine mita 3-5, nauyi shine kilogiram 500-1500. Maza sunkai kusan 25% na mace kuma kusan sau biyu kenan.
Sabbin kifi Whales suna launin ruwan kasa, sannan a hankali suna haskakawa, suna zama launin toka har ya cika shekara guda. Tsofaffi fari ne ko kuma launin rawaya.
Halin halayyar belugas shine wuyan hannu, saboda wanda suke, sabanin yawancin cetace, suna iya juya kawunansu daga gefe zuwa gefe.
Wani fasalin kuma shine rashin fin fin dorsal. Madadin haka, a belugas, wani murfi yana gudana tare da bayan (daga tsakiyar jiki zuwa wutsiya).
Abin lura shi ne cewa kifi whales na beluga na iya canza magana “fuskoki”. Lokacin da kifi Whale ya natsu, da alama yana murmushi. Amma bayyanar bakin buɗe tare da hakora 32-40 yana da ban sha'awa musamman.
Hakoransu yankan farce ne kawai a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku a rayuwa, kuma maiyuwa ne babban aikinsu baya cin abincin. Belugas sau da yawa yana ɗaure muƙamuƙin, hakora na iya yin aiki don fito da sauti mai ƙarfi. Bugu da kari, suna son nuna “murmushi” ga dangi.
Mutane da yawa suna da kankana da aka ambata (matashin kai mai nauyi a goshi), amma yana ci gaba a hankali, yayin da a jarirai gabaɗaya babu shi. A cikin 'yan shekara ɗaya na' yan shekara, guna ya riga ya cika girma, amma ya ɗan rabu da hancin. Sai kawai da shekaru 5-8 suka cika (shi ne a wannan lokacin ne lokacin balaga ya zo), shin matashin mai yana amfani da tsari kamar yadda ya saba.
Ana amfani da Melon don mayar da hankali ga sautuna yayin yanayin sauyawar yanayin. Wannan ikon yana da mahimmanci don manufa da gano ganima a cikin ruwa mai wahala ko a cikin duhu.
Yanayi ya tabbata cewa kifin beluga bai daskare cikin ruwan sanyi ba, yana samar dashi da mai mai. Haka kuma, wannan Layer ya yi kauri har da kansa kamar yayi kankanin wannan jikin.
Habitat
A zamanin preristoric, belugas ya rayu a cikin ruwan yankuna masu zafin jiki. A yau, suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwan sanyi na tekun Arctic na arewacin Rasha da Arewacin Amurka, kazalika a Greenland da Svalbard. Ana samun su a cikin rairayin bakin teku da kuma a cikin teku, da kuma bazara da kuma a kewayen kogi.
A cikin Kogin Beaufort, a lokacin ƙaura na gabas, belugas ya tsaya na kusan mako guda a cikin Kogin Mackenzie da ke yankin, sannan kuma ya ci gaba da tafiya. A wasu yankuna, kamar su Svalbard, kifi Whales suna zuwa ƙafafun dusar kankara.
Mafi yawan kifayen whales
Whales waka yana daya daga cikin dabbobin zamantakewa tsakanin cetacewan. Ba kasafai ake ganin su da kallo ɗaya ba. Lusungiyoyin ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan dubbai da belugas sun zama ruwan dare gama gari kuma galibi suna rufe kilomita da dama. Da alama cewa wannan gungu yana nunawa gabaɗaya, kodayake, idan kun duba daga sama, zaku iya ganin cewa ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, yawanci gami da daidaikun mutane iri ɗaya ko jinsi. Mata tare da sa getan maza suna haɗuwa, manyan maza ma suna yin gungiyoyi daban.
Belugas suna tattaunawa da juna ta hanyar sauti da kuma fuskokin fuskoki. Suna haifar da sautuka iri-iri iri daban-daban, da suka hada da hayaniya, murguda baki, murɗewa, raƙumi, da dai sauransu. A karkashin ruwa, sautin garken garuruwan waɗannan kifaye suna kama da hayan farfajiyar gona. Wasu jijiyoyin sakonni na iska wadanda ake magana dasu ana iya jinsu sama da ruwan.
Motsa bakin da wuya yana bawa belugas damar sadarwa tare da taimakon fuskokin fuskoki.
Me belugas suke ci?
Abincin beluga na Whales ya bambanta sosai. Duk nau'ikan kifi na makaranta, amare, tsutsotsi daban-daban, shrimps, crustaceans da molluscs suna matsayin abincin abinci.
Singing whales yawanci farauta kusa da tushe a zurfin har zuwa 500 mita. Zasu iya nutsewa zuwa zurfin sama da mita 1000, ana iyakance su da tsawon lokacin hutu na numfashi, wanda yawanci shine minti 10-20.
Neckaƙƙarfan motsi yana ba da izinin cetaceans don gani da kuma duba babban filin daga saman ƙasa. Dukansu zasu iya tsotse ruwan cikin ruwa su sake shi tare da rafi don samun wanda aka ɓoye daga mafaka.
Kiyaye belugas a yanayi
Belugas sun koma mazauninsu na bazara tare da hanyoyi iri ɗaya, koda kuwa ana farautarsu a can. Wannan dagewa ya sanya jinsi ya zama mai saurin kamuwa. Suna da ra'ayin mazan jiya don fifita hanyoyin ƙaura da wuraren ƙawance da wuraren kiwo har ba su cika wurare a cikin ƙasa ba inda aka lalata yawan jama'ar. Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan wuri shine Ungawa Bay da ke Tsakanin Labrador. A baya belugas suna da yawa a nan, amma a yau kusan ba a same su ba.
A ƙarni na 13 da na 19, 'yan kwastam ɗin Amurka da Turai sun kori ɗaruruwan belugas zuwa gabar teku. 'Yan asalin yankin su ma sun farauto su, amma a baya suna farautar ƙarancin dabbobi ba tare da haifar da lahani ga jama'a ba. Kayan kayan farauta na Eskimo na zamani sun hada da bindigogi masu saurin kashe wuta, bindigogin harba da babura, don haka irin wannan farautar na iya yin matukar dagula al'umar cetacean.
A halin yanzu, yawan kifayen beluga a cikin duniya an kiyasta kusan dubu 100, kuma jimlar kamun na shekara shekara daga ɗaruruwan zuwa dubun dubbai da yawa. Amma babbar damuwar ita ce lalacewar mazaunin karnukan kifi na beluga saboda ci gaban filayen mai da gina tsirrai, kodayake dumamar yanayi na iya zama matsala a nan gaba.
Matsayin jama'a
Beluga Whale dabbobi ne masu shayarwa. Yawan “farin kifi Whales” ya ragu sosai a ƙarni na 18 zuwa 19, lokacin da suka zama masu sha'awar kifayen fata saboda kitsen mai, nama mai taushi da kauri, fata mai kauri. Daga baya, aka fara kama igiyar Watancin da ke beluga, kuma a halin yanzu adadin wadannan dabbobin ya kasance, gwargwadon kimomi, mutane dubu 200. Sabili da haka, babu wata barazanar da za a iya kawar da belugas, kodayake suna wahala sosai saboda ci gaban ɗan adam na Arctic da gurbata ruwan Tekun Arctic.
Bayanan Gaske
Abubuwan whales na Beluga sun sami ciwan tsokoki mai wuya, saboda haka suna iya canza magana da “fuska”, wato nuna nuna bakin ciki ko fushi, farin ciki ko gurnani. Irin wannan damar mai ban mamaki ba ta kasance a cikin duk mazaunan ruwa na karkashin ruwa.
Beluga kifayen Whales suna iyo a cikin arewacin latitude, ruwansu na zahiri yana tabbata ta hanyar fata mai ƙarfi har zuwa santimita biyu da kauri mai ƙarfi zuwa mai kauri zuwa cm 15. Wannan yana kare dabbobi daga daskarewa.
Ana kiran Belugas "canaries polar" ko "whales mai waka" saboda sun haɗu da sauti daban-daban 50, har ma da maɓallan ultrasonic, ta hanyar da suke tattaunawa da juna. Ya kasance daga ikon "farin kifi Whales" don yin sautikan murya da ƙamus ɗin magana na Rasha "roaring beluga" ya tafi.
Beluga kifayen ko dabbar dolphin?
Yanzu kun san komai game da wannan mazaunin marine. Amma tambaya ta kasance ko beluga kifi Whale ko dabbar dolphin Mutane suna kiranta dabbar dollon ko fari. Wannan sunan ya tashi saboda bayyanar da mazaunin dabbar. Amma a tsarin ilimin halitta, beluga ya kasance ne ga tsarin kifayen Whales, ana iya kiran dabbar dolfin dan uwanta. Hanyoyin juzu'i na magabatansu sun ɓarke shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Saboda haka, ya fi dacewa a faɗi cewa beluga whale kifi Whale ne, ba dabbar dolphin ba ce.