Wani tawadar Allah mai yawo a Australia
Binciken abinci mai daɗi a duk shekara.
Ya zazzage fuska nan da can -
Kowane wuri yana motsawa a ƙarƙashin gindin ƙasa.

“Kun dauki jaka a banza tare da ku.”
Babu shagunan, alaw, ƙasa!
- Ba don abinci ba, ita ce ta kwayoyin,
A ciki na hau mutane tawadar Allah.

Kuma girma, zai taimake ni
Nemi abinci ka karya abubuwan motsawa!

hoto daga intanet

Kwayar halittar Marsupial tana daga cikin halittun halittun dabbobi masu shayarwa Wannan ita ce ƙasar Australiya kaɗai da ke ɓarin ƙasa.

Waɗannan dabbobin suna zama a cikin yashi, a wuraren ramuka da ramuka. Kuna iya haɗuwa da dabbar a arewacin, arewa maso yamma, kudu maso yamma da tsakiyar ɓangarorin ƙasashen Australiya.
A tsayi, jikin tsohuwar ƙwayar marsupial ya kai 15-18 cm, tsawon wutsiya ya tashi daga 1.2 zuwa 2.6 cm.Dan dinta yana da nauyin 40-70.

Tun da kullun waɗannan dabbobin suna tono wani abu, yanayi ya tabbata cewa basu lalata fata a fuska ba. Don wannan, farantin ƙaho mai haske mai haske yana kan hanci. Tare da wannan na'urar, kwayar sauƙin tura duniya da yashi a fuska ba tare da cutar da kanta ba.
Legsafan kafafun hular suna yin aikin jefa ƙasa da yashi kuma sabili da haka maƙallan ƙugunanan sun yi laushi.

Wannan dabba tana tafiya da sauri, baya ga su suna da lahani sosai, sabili da haka, har ma da sanin inda kwayar take tono rami a yanzu, da alama ba zai yiwu ba.
Abincin yana neman kansa duka a farfajiya da cikin ƙasa. Tushen abincin ya ƙunshi tsutsotsi, kwari masu tashi, larvae, na iya cin tururuwa da pupae. Duk da karamin girmanta, dabbar tana da abinci mai daci. Saboda haka, kwayar ta ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinta dan neman abinci don kanta.
Cuban biyu suna iya haɓaka lokaci ɗaya a cikin jaka.
A cikin vivo, wannan dabba zata iya rayuwa shekaru 1.5.

Rayuwa

Wani kallo, wani yanayi mai ban tsoro wanda lokaci-lokaci yakan hau zuwa sama, musamman bayan ruwan sama. Burinta yana cikin sandar yashi da yashi a bakin gadaje kogin. Dabbobi suna barci a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Kwayar marsupial ba ta gina tsare-tsaren burrow na dindindin, tunda tana ɗaukar yawancin ramuka a bayanta. Kamar dai yana iyo ne a cikin yashi. Rashin hanyoyin sa suna cikin zurfin 20 zuwa 100, da wuya ya kai cm 250. Bambancin zafin jiki dangane da yanayin zai iya zama daga 15 ° C a cikin hunturu zuwa 35 ° C a lokacin rani.

Ba a san kaɗan game da halayyar zaman jama'a da ilimin halitta na yaduwar jinsunan ba. Wataƙila yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa ne kawai. Hakanan ba a san yadda mata da miji ke neman junan su ba. Mai yiwuwa, wannan yana faruwa ne tare da taimakon haɓakar kyakkyawan ƙanshin su. Tattaunawa tsakanin dabbobi mutum mai yiwuwa ya faru ne tare da taimakon sautikan-maras ƙarfi.

Bayyanar

Jikin Marsupial sun sha bamban da sauran marsupials har an kasafta su cikin dangi dabam. Suna da ƙarfi, jikin kumbura yana ƙarewa a cikin karamin (12-26 mm) wutsiya mai haɗari. Tsawon jiki shine 15-18 cm ne kawai, kuma nauyin 40-70 g ne. Wuyansa mai gajarta ne, vertebrae na mahaifa biyar an haɗu, suna haɓaka taurin wuya. Saƙar tana da ƙarfi ga taɓawa, tare da ma'aunin zobe da maɓallin keratinized. Shortarancin yatsun yatsa biyar ya dace sosai don haƙa. Claws ne unevenly ci gaba. Yatsun III da na IV na gashin hannu suna dauke da manyan farensu, da taimakonsu kwayar ta tono ƙasa. A kan kafafu biyu na baya, yatsun yatsun hannu, kuma an daidaita ƙafafun da za a jefar da yashi da aka haƙa. Murfin gashi na marsupial moles yana da kauri, taushi da kyau. Launinta yana canzawa daga fari zuwa ruwan hoda-ruwan hoda da na zinare. Itace mai launin ja yana ba shi baƙin ƙarfe, wanda yake da arziki a cikin yashi mai launin jejin Ostiraliya.

Shugaban marsupial moles karami ne, conical. A saman hanci akwai alamar farin kahon rawaya wacce zata bawa kwayoyin damar tura yashi a fuska ba tare da lalata fata ba. Gano hanci ya yi ƙanana, tsinkaye-kamar. Idanun da suka gagara (1 mm a diamita) suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin fata, ba su da ruwan tabarau da ɗalibin ɗalibai, kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ido ta fiɗa. Koyaya, a cikin tawadar marsupial, ducts na lacrimal gland suna da matukar girma - suna shayar da kogin hanci kuma suna hana gurbata da ƙasa. Babu wadatattun kayan lantarki na waje, amma akwai ƙananan (kimanin 2 mm) buɗewar kayan binciken a ƙarƙashin Jawo.

Jakar brood na malesupial moles yana da ƙarami, yana buɗewa baya, wanda ke hana yashi shiga ta. Rashin cikakken yanki ya raba shi cikin aljihuna biyu, kowannensu yana da nono ɗaya. Maza sun mallaki abin aljihun karamar jaka - ƙaramin fatar fata akan ciki. Basu da sutudiyon jiki, gwaje-gwajen suna cikin rami na ciki.

Marecen Mara

Tsarin duniyar Mars (notoryctes) asalin halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa ne kawai kuma lalacewar mahalli na Australiya wanda ke jagorantar bayyanar rayuwa ta karkashin kasa. Moatuwar Marsupial suna zaune a cikin yashi mai kauri na tsakiyar da arewacin sassan Zap. Ostiraliya, a Arewa Square da kuma Kudancin Kudancin Ostiraliya, galibi suna zuwa ne a tsakiyar dunes da dunes na kogi.
Akwai nau'ikan 2 nau'ikan halittar marsupial moles:

* Bayanai na yawan buga rubutu.
* Labarin kansila.

sun bambanta kawai da girman da wasu sifofi na jiki. Duk da cewa kwayar marsupial sananne ne ga tsoffin halittu daga zamanin da, tana zuwa ga masana kimiyya ne kawai a 1888, lokacin da mai shayarwa yayi ba tsammani ya gano dabba mai bacci a gandun daji.

A bayyanar da salon rayuwa, tawadar marsupial tayi daidai da silar gwal ta Afirka (Chrysochloridae), kodayake ba dangi bane. Misalai nasu misalin misalin daidaitattun dabbobi ne ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, moles gama gari a Ostiraliya ba ya nan, kuma ɓariyar mahalli ta mamaye mahimmin yanki na muhalli.
Bambancin Marsupial sun sha bamban sosai daga wasu marsupials har ana sanya su cikin dangi daban. Suna da ƙarfi, jiki mai kumburi yana ƙare tare da karamin wutsiya conical, daga 12 zuwa 26 millimeters. Tsawon jikin shine kawai santimita 15-18, da nauyi - 40-70 g. Wuyansa gajere ne, vertebrae na mahaifa 5 ya haɗu, yana ƙara tsaurin wuya. Wutsiya tabbatacciya ga taɓawa, tare da ma'aunin zobe da maɓallin keratinized. Gajerun yatsun kafa biyar da kyau an daidaita su don digging. Claws ne unevenly ci gaba. III da yatsun hannu na huɗu na manyan hancin makamai suna sanye da babban faren yadudduka, tare da taimakon kwayar ta tono ƙasa. A kan kafafu biyu na baya, yatsun yatsun hannu, kuma an daidaita ƙafafun da za a jefar da yashi da aka haƙa. Murfin gashi na marsupial moles yana da kauri, taushi da kyau. Launinta ya bambanta da fari zuwa launin ruwan hoda da ruwan hoda da na zinare. Itace mai launin ja yana ba shi baƙin ƙarfe, wanda yake da arziki a cikin yashi mai launin shudi na kwararar Ostiraliya.

Shugaban marsupial moles yana da ƙarami, mai kamannin mahaɗa, a saman hanci akwai alamar ƙaho mai kama da rana, wanda ke sa kwayar ta tura yashi a fuska ba tare da lalata fata ba. Gano hanci ya yi ƙanana, tsinkaye-kamar. Idanun da suka ɓullo, 1 mm a diamita, suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin fata, ba su da ruwan tabarau da ɗalibin ɗalibi, kuma ƙwayar jijiyoyi na dabaru. Kodayake kwayar halittar marsupial na da matukar ci gaban glandon lacrimal - suna shayar da kogin hanci kuma yana hana gurbata duniya. Babu wadatattun kayan sarrafawa na waje, duk da haka, akwai ƙananan, kimanin milimita 2, buɗewar auditory a ƙarƙashin Jawo.

Jakar brood na malesupial moles yana da ƙarami, yana buɗewa baya, wanda ke hana yashi shiga ta. Rashin daidaitaccen yanki ya raba shi cikin aljihuna 2, kowannensu yana da nono ɗaya. Maza suna da kayan ado na karamar jaka - ƙaramin fatar fata a ciki. Ba su da cutar kumbura, kumburin suna cikin kogon ciki.

Kusan babu abin da aka sani game da haihuwar marsupial moles. Jimawa ba kafin zuriya, mace tono sosai zurfin m burrows. Domin Tana da jaka dauke da "kayan kwalliya 2", da alama ba ta iya kawo fiye da kiliya biyu ba.
Daga cikin lokacin mating, tawadar marsupial ba ta tono ramuka mai zurfi. Yawancin lokaci, da alama yana "iyo" a saman yashi, a zurfin of 8 santimita kawai, wani lokacin yakan shiga zurfin sama da mita 2.5, yayin da yake tura ƙasa tare da kansa da na gaba da gabansa yana jefa baya da ƙafafunsa na baya. Ba a kiyaye rafin da ke bayan motsi mai motsi ba, kodayake, nau'in nau'in wasan kwaikwayo na sau uku akan saman yashi.

Kwayar sarkar da ke canza hawa da sauri kuma tana da matsananciyar ƙarfi - yana da nisa a koyaushe a sami kwayar ta burke. A hancinsa galibi yana da filali saboda amfanin kansa da digogin motsawa.

Kwayar marsupial tana jagorantar bayyanar rayuwa mara tsari, tana aiki dare da rana. Wasu lokuta ana haɗuwa a kan bene, musamman bayan ruwan sama. Yana ciyarwa, duka ƙasa da ƙasa. Tushen abincinsa yana da tsutsa, tsutsotsi (mazari, ɓawowi, ƙwaƙƙwaran itace) da larvae, pupae na tururuwa. Sinadarin marsupial yana da mutukar mutunci, kuma yana daukar lokaci mai yawa domin neman abinci.

Shekarun kwayoyin halittar marsupial sun kai 1,5 g, ba a san adadin adadin kwayoyin halittar maza ba. Wataƙila suna fama da hare-hare daga kuliyoyin fulawa, dawakai, da kayan cin abinci, kuma daga cinikin ƙasa bayan shanu sun gudu da zirga-zirga. A zaman talala, ba su daɗe, suna ɓoye yanayi, saboda wannan ne ake nazarin ilmin halitta da ilmin halitta ba ƙaranci ba.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da dabi'un halittar mahaifa tare da wasu marsupials har yanzu ba a sani ba. Binciken kwayoyin halittar da aka gudanar a cikin shekarun 1980s ya nuna cewa basu da kusanci da wasu rukunin rukunin dabbobi na zamani kuma, ba shakka, ba su da wata ƙasa ƙasa da miliyan 50 da suka gabata. Kodayake wasu fasalolin ilimin halittar jiki suna nuna danginsu tare da bandicoots.

An gano ragowar baƙin ƙarfe na marsupial moles a cikin 1985 a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar ƙasa a cikin Queensland. Sun fara ne daga Miocene. Kodayake, bisa ga maimaitawar yanayin yanayin yanayin, tsohuwar marsupial moles ba ta zauna a cikin hamada ba, amma a cikin wuraren saukar ruwan sama, wurare masu haƙa a cikin zuriyar gandun daji.

Sauran

Adadin marsupial moles ba a sani ba. Da alama, suna fama da hare-hare daga kuliyoyin fulawa, dawakai da diloli, haka kuma daga lissafin ƙasa bayan gudanar da shanu da motocin haya. A cikin zaman talala, ba su daɗe, suna tsare sirri a cikin yanayi, saboda haka nazarin ilimin halittu da lafiyar jama'a ba su yin karatu sosai.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da dabi'un halittar mahaifa tare da wasu marsupials har yanzu ba a sani ba. Nazarin kwayoyin halittar da aka gudanar a shekarun 1980s sun nuna cewa basu da kusanci da wasu rukunin rukunoni na zamani kuma, a bayyane yake, ya kasance a ware aƙalla miliyan 50 da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu sifofin ilimin halittar jiki suna nuna danginsu tare da bandicoots.

An gano ƙasusuwan magabata na ƙwayoyin daji a cikin 1985 a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar ƙasa a cikin Queensland. Sun fara ne daga Miocene. Koyaya, bisa ga maimaita yanayin yanayi, tsohuwar marsupial moles ba ta zauna a cikin hamada ba, amma a cikin dazuzzukan da ke ruwan sama, abubuwan da suke tono a cikin zurfin gandun daji.