Baikal Lake - Gidan gwaje-gwaje na ban mamaki da banbanci inda zaku iya nazarin rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi. Sabbin iri da nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta suna ci gaba a cikin tafkin. Duk cikin tarihinta, Baikal da kanta da kwayoyin da suke rayuwa a duniyanta sun sami canjin yanayi. Saboda haka, tafkin yana da tsoffin nau'ikan kwayoyin halittu wadanda suka taso a cikin wani karamin tafkin da ya gabata da Baikal, da kuma wasu kanana da suka taso a tafkin Baikal da kanta. Akwai fiye da nau'in 300 na protozoa kuma kusan adadin lambobi masu ban sha'awa na crustacean amphipods, tsutsotsi masu tsalle da zagaye, ƙyallen fata, kwari, mollus, kifi da hatimin (hatimi).

Baikal tsire-tsire

Baikal yana da nau'in halittu sama da 1000 na flora na ruwa! Baya ga algae, an samo nau'ikan tsire-tsire 20 na fure anan. Hanyoyin shimfidar bakin tabkin da tafkin da ke cikin tafkin, kewayenta da ke da kariya da kogunan deltas suna ciyar da tsirrai kamar rare, bakin ciki, kududdufi, kudanci, kaho da tekuna.

Algae na Baikal

Kusa da tsaunukan bakin tekun na Baikal, yankunan bakin teku na gangaren teku ba su da tsire-tsire. Koyaya, algae suna zaune a can. Idan ka lura da duwatsun a gefen layin saman a watan Yuli, Agusta da Satumba, zaku ga daskararren ciyawar kamar itace - ulocrix. Wani dan zurfin duwatsun an lullube da zaren ruwan fure na algae da ake kira didimosthenia, har ma da zurfin (mita 3 - 10) zaku ga kananan bushes na Baikal draparnaldia, wanda da zarar ya samar da dunkule masu duhu. Wasu algae kuma ana iya ganin su a wannan zurfin.

Mafi wadataccen arziki da bambanci shine phytoplankton - ƙananan algae waɗanda galibi suna zaune a cikin ruwa na sama, inda yake karɓar ƙarin haske. Waɗannan sune tsoffin diatoms na algae na zinariya. Yawancin nau'ikan waɗannan algae suna girma sosai a farkon bazara, lokacin da har yanzu an rufe tafkin da ƙanƙara. Daga cikinsu har ila yau akwai diatoms mai ƙauna ta sanyi: melisir, cittotella, da sinedra. Musamman ma yawancin filayen daskararren kankara sune kanjamau masu sanyi da sanyi na ƙauna.

A lokacin rani, lokacin da ruwa ya cika zafi, algae mai ƙauna mai sanyi yakan samar da nau'ikan zafi mai ƙauna - kore, shuɗi-shuɗi, zinari da wasu nau'ikan abubuwan diatoms. Yawan algae akan Baikal ya bambanta da lokacin.

Reindeer

Da yake magana game da dabbobi masu shayar da tafkin Baikal, waɗanda aka jera a cikin littafin Red kuma suna kan gab da ƙarewa, babu wanda zai iya tuno da labarin almara. Tun kafin Russia ta zauna a Siberiya, maharban daji na zaune kusan duk yankin da yankin Irkutsk yake ciki yanzu. Wannan haƙiƙa dabba ce ta musamman: ita kaɗai ce ɓarna a duniya wanda ƙahonsa da mata suke ɗaukar sa.

Hakanan ya sami damar samun abinci daga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara a zurfin cm 120. Tare da fara haɓaka wurare masu yawa, tare da ratsa filaye, gandun daji, daga baya saboda ginin masana'antu da hanyoyi, yawan masu farautar daji a gabashin Siberia ya fara raguwa sosai, kamar Dabba ta rasa yankuna da aka samo abincin ta. A yau, masanan muhalli a duk faɗin duniya suna fafutuka don ceton wannan dabbancin dabbar, saboda babu shakka babu wanda zai musanya wannan mai mallakar taiga.

Wolf Red

Jar kyarma jan kunne wata dabba ce da ta kusan bacewa daga Rasha. A cikin yankin Irkutsk ya wuce iyakar arewa na kewayon wannan maƙiyin. Mutanen da suka yi sa'a da ganin wannan maharbin da ba su san shi ba sun ce ya yi kama da kyarkeci, dawakai da dawakai a lokaci guda. Launi mai launin ja na baya, hade da hasken ciki da paws, wutsiyar baƙar fata, suna sa wannan dabbar dodo.
Kada ku yi watsi da ƙarfinsa: babban garken jan kyarkeci na iya yin nasara da damisa ko damisa da ƙarfi.

Poaching, kazalika da sanyin sanyin yanayi a hankali da hadewar dusar ƙanƙara da ciyawar daji, sun haifar da raguwar karnukan kyarkeci a Rasha.

Mafi karancin mazaunan Baikal

Theananan halittun da suke rayuwa a cikin Baikal sun haɗa da sel-celled cello na protozoa: ciliates, rhizomes, flagella da sporoforms. Babu wata tafki da ke da babban mahimmancin ciliates a rayuwar kwayoyin da suke rayuwa cikin zurfin ruwa. Ana samun wasu nau'ikan ciliates har ma da zurfin mita 600! Wasu ciliates suna rayuwa cikin ruwa akan nasu (nau'in 84). Wasu suna rayuwa cikin kwayar halitta ko zama tare cikin ɗakunan rufin mollusks. Amma duk protozoa suna zama abinci don tsarin da aka shirya sosai.

A lokacin rani, lokacin da ruwan yake cikin natsuwa, manyan dunƙulen farin ruwan kore mai duhu na launuka iri-iri, kowane ɗayan fasali iri ne, ana ganin su ta cikin ruwa.

Dukkanin bakin ruwa na Baikal suna zaune a kan turɓayar ƙasa a cikin bayyane, wuraren buɗe tafkin. Nazarin da aka yi daga kayan zurfin teku "Pisces" sun nuna cewa suna rayuwa ne a zurfinsu ya kai mita 1000. Baikal sturgeon yana amfani da soso a matsayin abinci.

Daga cikin tsutsotsi iri-iri tsutsotsin dake zaune a tafkin Baikal, tsutsotsin tsutsauran ciliary na tsubbu (turbilaria a Latin) suna da yawa. Irin wannan tsutsotsi, da sponges waɗanda suke zaune a kusa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan Frolich, suna ɗauke da kusan kashi 60 na carbon d ancient a. Wannan Baikal turbilaria yana nuna bambance-bambancen launuka daban-daban a launi da girma. Suna da alamu masu haske a cikin tabarau daban-daban kuma suna iya kaiwa girman kusan santimita 30 a tsayi da kuma santimita 4-5 a fadi lokacin da aka lalata. Duk waɗannan tsutsotsi suna da matsala, suna rayuwa ne na musamman a wuraren Buffar Lake.

Tsutsotsi na Baikal suna ciyar da ƙasan tafkin, inda suke neman wanda aka azabtar, su gurgunta shi, sannan a rufe shi da gamsai a hankali su zana shi a jiki. Ciyar da marasa lafiya da raunana kwayoyin, filayen wasa suna aiki kamar yadda aka umurce su.

A ƙarƙashin duwatsun akan yumbu kuma, har zuwa ƙarami, akan ɓangaren yashi na ƙasan tafkin, daga matakin ƙasa zuwa ruwa mai zurfi, akwai tsutsotsi masu kamannin tsutsa - tsutsotsi - oligochaetes. Wannan rukunin tsutsotsi suna da ƙarancin nau'ikan 70, kashi 90 daga cikinsu suna da matsala kuma suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwan Kogin Baikal.

Daga cikin mazaunan birnic, oligocrates sun mamaye manyan mukamai. Smallaramin ɓangare na oligichs an ƙaddara su, yawancinsu masu cutarwa ne. Yawancin lokaci suna zama abinci don wasu dabbobin da aka tsara sosai. Tsutsotsi masu ban tsoro suna taka rawar gani a cikin hanyoyin nazarin tafkin. I. Izosimov ya yi imanin cewa oligycetes sune relic na karatun sakandare, wanda aka kirkiro shi tun da daɗewa kuma ya zama mai matuƙar nasara, yayin da Baikal ya ɓoye sabbin nau'ikan halittu tare da takamaiman wuraren zama da ke ba su damar rayuwa a wannan babban ruwa na ruwa.

Baya ga nau'in scarecrow, wakilin masha'a na tsutsotsi masu kama da tsutsa - policheta maasayunkia baikalica - suna zaune a cikin tafkin. Yana zaune a cikin kananan bututu da aka gina da barbashi na yashi da yashi, wani keɓaɓɓe ya riƙe su. Wannan wakili na yau da kullun na ruwan teku ko na ruwa mai sanyaya rai yana zaune a kan ƙasan silty, a filayen spongy, a kan rassan tsirrai da sauran wurare. Har yanzu dai ba a san yadda ya isa Baikal ba, amma akwai wasu maganganu masu yawa game da wannan.

Baikal mollusks

An sani cewa sama da nau'in mollusks ɗari suna zaune a Unguwar Baikal. Suna zaune a kan ƙasa siliki ko yashi, galibi a zurfin mita 15-20. Shellfish ba su da zurfin zurfin daga mitoci 20 zuwa 30, kuma 'yan kalilan samfurin kifayen suna zaune a zurfin mita 100-150. Suna ƙanana kuma suna da bawo mai bakin ciki saboda ruwan sanyi da kuma ƙarancin ƙwayoyin salis. Mollusk yana samar da abinci mai kyau ga masu tsauri, farin kifi, launin toka, goby da maciji.

Kusan dukkan abubuwan da ke hade da gidan na Baikal suna cikin manyan iyalan Lake Baikal; ana samun su a cikin nau'ikan burbushinsu na adana tafkin, shekaru miliyan daya da yawa. Musamman fifiko shine gidan baikalids masu kamannin launuka daban-daban da kuma girman siket, wadanda aka yiwa ado da kyankyasai, keel, ringin da raga mai wuya.

Baikal kwari

A farkon lokacin bazara, ƙarshen Mayu-Yuni, ƙwararrun kwari, kwari kwari a cikin koguna, fara tashi da ƙarfi. Wadannan kwari, wadanda kuma aka sani da suna "broomstick" a kudu na Lake Baikal da "lipochan" a arewa, sun cika sararin samaniya a gefen tekun kuma suna tara abubuwa masu tarin yawa akan duwatsu, duwatsu da bishiyoyi da kuma kusa da ruwa. Matsayin su na manya ya dau kwanaki. Ta hanyar sanya ƙwai cikin ruwa, kwari manya suka mutu. Su larvae juya cikin pupae, kuma a spring suna da fuka-fuki.

Sakamakon kyankyalen kwari na kwari, bears suna guduwa a bakin tekun a duk lokacin bazara, ko kuma a cikin dangi, don jin daɗin kwari. A lokaci guda, launin toka da omuls “mai shimfiɗa” tare da bakin tekun - irin wannan nau'in abinci yana da abinci mai gina jiki sosai! Daga cikin sauran kwari, chironomids suna da yawa, yana ƙidayar kusan nau'ikan 60, amma kashi ɗaya bisa uku daga cikinsu suna rayuwa ne a bayyane.

Tsarin dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara

Cutar dusar ƙanƙara ko damisa dusar ƙanƙara ita ce mafi dabbar dabbobi Siberiya da Baikal. Kasuwancin Rasha-dillalai sun karɓi sunan maharbin daga mafarautan Turkic a cikin karni na 17. Amma ba haka ba da daɗewa, a cikin 80s na karni na 20, mafarautan gida sun ƙi yarda da wanzuwar maharbin, yana nufin gaskiyar cewa babu uba ko kakanninsu da suka ga damisa.

Koyaya, a wannan lokacin an san dogaro da cewa akwai wasu damuna masu dusar ƙanƙan da mutane 6-8 a yankin Irkutsk, da kuma kusan a Buryatia 30. A cikin duka, tabbas akwai damisa dusar ƙanƙanƙan sama da 50 da ke zaune a Gabashin Sayan, gami da sassanta, a cikin Tyva da kuma yankin Krasnoyarsk Territory. Wannan dabbar da ba kasada ba, amma mai hadarin gaske tana da girma fiye da lynx kuma, ba tare da wata shakka ba, kyakkyawan maharbi ne. A yau, an haɗa damisa dusar ƙanƙara a cikin Littafin Ruwan Ruwa na Russia, kuma da yawa masu ba da agaji a duk faɗin ƙasar suna aiki don adanawa da haɓaka wannan nau'in.

Harshen Siberian Lynx

Mai cin abincin ɗan adam mai cinyewa ya dace da yanayin hunturu na Siberian mai sanyi. Tsawon tsinken lynx ya kai 130 cm, kuma maza za su iya zama tsawan santimita 70. Matsakaicin girman dabba shine kilo 25. Suna da jiki mai laushi da gajeriyar wutsiya, gami da goge halayyar halayyar kunnuwan. Ana rarrabe Lynxes ta manyan paws - yanayi ya saka musu da su, ta yadda ya zama mafi sauki ga dabbobi su iya tafiya ta hanyar dusar kankara kuma kada su kasa. Launi na lynx yana da ƙushin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi tare da tan.

Fuskar fari-fari

Yankin Baikal da kewayenta ya ta'allaka ne da irin wannan karamin tsuntsu mai kamar farin gaggafa. Wannan shine mafi girman farauta mai farauta a cikin yankin Irkutsk, kuma yana da ban sha'awa a cikin cewa ya daidaita daidai ga rayuwa kusa da manyan koguna, tafkuna, marshes har ma da gaɓar teku, ya zama masanin masanin fasaha. Yayin farautar kifi, mikiya wani lokacin takan yi kanta da ruwa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Babban haɗari ga jinsin shine lalata mazauninsa - lalata gandun daji (da ƙonewa) na gandun daji kusa da jikin ruwa, lalata ciyayi, da kuma har ila yau ma'abuta fyaɗe suna da tasiri sosai.

A yau ana kiyaye wannan tsuntsu mai saurin kare duka a matakan-Rashanci da na duniya.

Babban tace Baikal - epishura

Mafi yawan mazaunin ruwan tafkin shine crustacean Copepodae - Baikal episcura. Muna magana ne game da girman hatsi na manna, girman 1.5 millimeters a gare shi yana da "girma". Koyaya, wannan nau'in crustacean shine asalin 96% na Baikal zooplankton. Episcura yana taka rawa ta musamman a cikin rayuwar Kewayen Baikal. Wannan crustacean shine babban mai amfani da algae na planktonic kuma yana fallasa kwayoyin cutar tafkin zuwa tsaftacewa. Ba ƙari bane a ce Epishur shine babban matattarar Kogin Baikal. A cewar masanin ilimin kimiyya G. Galaza, shahararren masanin kimiyya (Lake Baikal, 1979), “a wannan shekarar, dukkan nau'ikan halittar wannan nau'in sun ninka daga 500 zuwa 1.

Haɓaka crustaceans a kan tafkin Baikal shine mafi yawanci sabon abu, musamman amphipods, wanda adadinsu yakai kusan 300 a cikin tafkin (na uku na duk gammarids da aka sani a duniya!). Ainihin, suna zaune a gindin, inda zasu iya tono a cikin ƙasa, ɓoye a ƙarƙashin duwatsun, ɓarna a gindin ƙasa da zama cikin nutsuwa suna zaune a kan leken asirin Baikal, suna cin abincin su.A cikin ruwa mara zurfi, ana rarrabe su da launuka masu haske da hangen nesa mai kyau, a cikin zurfin zurfin marasa launi, makafi kuma suna da dogon eriya waɗanda suke neman abinci a ƙasa.

Yawancin amphipods sune masu farauta - masu cin gawa. Suna cinye abubuwan ɓoyewa, kifayen da suka mutu da sauran halittu. Wani lokacin masunta, idan basu da lokacin bincika dabbobinsu akan lokaci, tara ko dai yankakken kifi ko kwarangwal din marasa duka nama. Amphipods suna da tsari mai kyau na likita, kuma suna zama abinci don kifi.

Daga cikin amphipods, wuri na musamman mallakar pelagic (yana zaune a cikin zurfin ruwa) crustacean - macrohectopus ko Jurassic, kamar yadda masunta suka kira shi. Jurassic shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan abinci don omul, kuma yana samar da abinci ga kowane nau'in kifi. Macrohectopus wani hali ne na mazaunin Baikal. A cikin rana, ana sa mafi yawan sa kusa da babban ruwa na ruwa mai zurfin mita 200-250. Da dare, yakan ratsa ta saman yadudduka, yana farautar ƙananan halittun planktonic.

Baikal tsayayye

Da yake magana game da wakilan wakilan ruwayen Lake Baikal, ba shi yiwuwa a ambaci mazaunan cikin ruwa. Sturgeon Siberian shine sauƙin saukarwa mai sauƙi na Sturgeon wanda ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, a cikin manyan hanyoyin ruwa da kusa da bakin manyan koguna. Sturgeons a cikin Baikal suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 50-60 ko sama da haka, sun kai kilo 100-130 na nauyi, mita 1.5-1.8 ko fiye.

A karshen karni na karshe, an hako buhun nana sama da 1000 na garin baikal da kogunan sa.

Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa an kusan gama cinye ƙananan yara, saurin kamun kifi ya ragu kaɗan a farkon ƙarni na 20. Tun daga 1945, aka gabatar da dokar hana kamun kifaye a yanzu, kuma a halin yanzu hannayen jari suna karuwa a hankali.

Kifin Baikal

Banu 56 na kifaye mazauna garin Baikal. Yawancinsu gobies ne - mai fadi-dumu-dumu ne (“goshi mai fadi”, kamar yadda ake kiransu a cikin gida). Sun haɗu a kan tafkin Baikal daga wani tsari na zamanin da, masu kama da bijimai na Anadyr da Michigan, a cikin Baikal an wakilce su da nau'ikan 32, 29 waɗanda kyawawa ne. A mafi yawan ɓangaren, bijimai sune mazaunan ƙasa na ƙasa, suna mamaye duk zurfin ruwa.

Baikal kuma gida ne ga mafi yawan ruwan kifayen ruwa a duniya. Wadannan kifayen sun sami nasarar ci gaba da hangen nesa koda a mafi zurfin zurfafa, kodayake suna ganin hoto kawai da baki.

Abubuwa biyu na gobies, fin fin-rawaya da baƙar fata, suna zaune a cikin zurfin ruwa. Wadannan nau'ikan pelagic suna zaune a cikin matsanancin sama da tsayi mita 100, suna cin bishops da jura. Roanyan bijimai saƙa (ƙanana), musamman na maraƙi bijimai, da ake kira poyed (abinci mai farin ciki), yana ɗayan kayan abinci ne na omul.

Wataƙila kifaye masu ban sha'awa a tafkin Baikal shine golomyanka (kifin mai), wanda a yawancin fannoni ya kasance asirin. Golomyanka - babba da karami - suna zaune ne a gabar tafkin Baikal. Girman su bai wuce santimita 24 ba, ba su da sikeli, suna da sikelin (pearlescent) a launi da kamantawa. Suna dauke da kusan kashi 35 na ganyen mai magani mai wadataccen bitamin A. Golomyanka shine kifi mafi girma a tafkin Baikal, albarkatun sa sun kai kimanin tan dubu 150. Koyaya, baya yin iyo a makarantu a kowane mataki na rayuwarsa, saboda haka ba'a saka shi cikin jerin kifin abinci ba. Tsofaffin mazauna wurin sun ce tun da daɗewa, bayan guguwa, golomyanks sun taru a bakin tekun, kuma mai ya narke kuma an yi amfani da shi don magance cututtukan fata, atherosclerosis kuma don warkar da raunukan da ba za su ji rauni na dogon lokaci ba. Golomyanka kifi ne mai rai, wanda yake shi kaɗai ne a cikin filayenmu. A lokaci guda ana haife 3000 live fry. Yawancin mata suna mutuwa bayan sun ji yaro. Da wuya, golomyanka ta haihu sau biyu, kuma har ƙasa da haka, sau uku. Golomyanks suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi ba fiye da shekaru 6 ba.

Wannan karamin kifin zai iya tsayayya da babban matsin lamba a cikin zurfin ruwan Baikal. Da daddare yakan tashi zuwa ga ruwa, A lokacin rana yakan yi iyo sosai. Limnologists sun sami damar lura da halayen golominki a cikin zurfin ruwa. A zurfin zurfin mita 1000-10000 ko sama da haka, golomyank yana tafiya da yardar rai a sararin sama da na tsaye, yayin da a wannan zurfin bindiga ba zai iya yin wuta ba saboda tsananin matsananciyar ƙarfi.

An lura cewa golomyanka yana da matukar damuwa da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa. Imumarancinsa ya isa zuwa + 5 ° C, kuma wannan yana gujewa yanayin zafi. Ba zai iya rayuwa a + 10 ° C ko sama ba.

Babban kifi abinci a cikin Lake Baikal ne omul. Idan ya zo ga taushi da halayyar nama, omul bai san masu fafutikar sa ba. Yawan omul su biyar ne: Selenginsky, Chivyrkuisky, Ambassadorial, North Baikal da Barguzinsky.

A cikin kaka, a lokacin bazarar, kowane alumma suna wuce zuwa kogin nasa. Ilhami don ci gaba da tsara ya sa omul ta shawo kan mahaukaciyar guguwa da koguna. Caviar ya zauna a kan yashi da daskararren ƙasan ƙasa tare da offanƙasa na matsakaici, kuma ci gaban larvae yana watanni 8. Don dalilai daban-daban, yawancin caviar ya mutu: ko dai an binne shi a ƙarƙashin yashi da karkatarwa, ko mafarauta sun ci shi. Don taimakawa adana yawan jama'a, an gina kifayen teku a tafkin Baikal, inda kifi mai daɗin ci ake shukawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin wucin gadi.

A kan tsire-tsire masu kiwo, kashi tamanin na lardin da ƙwai ke tsira, amma idan aka jefa su a tafkin Baikal, sai su gamu da haɗari da yawa. Oneaya daga cikin ɗari na faranti ne kawai suka tsira don komawa zuwa wurin shakatawa. Dangane da ka'idodin ichthyology, wannan kashi ne na yau da kullun! Admiral Nelson ya ambaci cewa "lambobi uku zasu isa ciyar da London idan an kiyaye zamaninsu ..."

An sani cewa duk omuli suna cikin rukunin halittu guda uku da ilimin halittar jini: bentosabissal, pelagic da bakin teku. Abun albarkatun omul an ƙaddara shi da tsananin kamun kifi. Ya kamata a lura cewa manyan kamun kifi suna raguwa a hankali, yayin da akwai karuwa game da kamun kifi mai lasisi. Abin lura ne cewa a yau a cikin ƙauyukan da ke gabar Kogin Baikal, mazauna karkara za su iya ba ku gishirin gishiri da ɗanɗanar omul, har yanzu mai zafi, dafa shi a gaban idanunku.

Ko da ya fi dacewa da omul shine Baikal farin kifi, ɗan kifi mai kamshi mai kamshi mai nauyin kilo 12 ko fiye. Baƙar fata da fararen Baikal suna ba da kyakkyawan kamun kifi. Bayan dusar kankara ta fashe a lokacin bazara, da baikal launin baƙi, wani abin mamaki mai ban mamaki mai ban mamaki tare da manyan launuka masu launuka da launuka na bakan gizo, suna gangarawa cikin kogunan da ke kwarara zuwa tafkin Baikal. Ya shawo kan rapids da zaiomas (tarin katako wanda aka makale a cikin kogin) har zuwa mita ɗaya zuwa tsinke. Kwana goma sha bakwai daga baya, caviar ya ba da rai ga lardin da ya zube a tafkin Baikal. Baƙin fata mai launin toka yana zaune a cikin ruwan amintaccen rafin lake da kuma cikin koguna mai tsaunuka.

Taimens da ruwan tabarau suna zaune a Unguwar Baikal, amma yanayin tafkin Baikal ya mamaye wani yanki na musamman a cikin ichthyofauna na tafkin, wanda galibi yana zaune ne a cikin wuraren manyan ayyukan kogin Baikal: a yankin delta na Kogin Selenga, a Proval Bay, Chivyrkuisky da Barguzinsky Bay. Sturgeons suna ƙaura ko'ina cikin tafkin, musamman ma gabar tekun, inda suke iyo a cikin hanyoyin biya. Lokaci guda, masu kankara sun kama nauyin kilo 250. Koyaya, suna girma a hankali kuma suna girma da wuri. Maza suna shiga makarantun da ke cike da tsere yana da shekaru 15-28, mace - yana da shekara 21 zuwa bakwai.

A kan Baikal akwai fasadi, rokoki, baƙi, kifin teku, karnukan ruwa, mayuka da sauran nau'ikan kifayen, waɗanda ke yaɗu ko'ina cikin Siberia. Suna zaune a harabar gandun daji, ƙananan hanyoyin da ba a sani ba.

A cikin shekarun 1940, kifin Amur ya karba zuwa tafkin, yanzu sharar gabas ta zama a nan, kuma Amur Whale ya shiga tafkin ta hanyar kogin Khilok-Seleng.

Baikal hatimi, ko hatimi, kamar yadda ake kiransa sau da yawa, koyaushe yana da matukar sha'awar. Ta yaya wannan dabba take rayuwa a bakin tafkin Baikal, tunda kusancin dangi yana zaune ne a cikin yankuna na arewacin Arctic da kuma kudu na Tekun Caspian? A bisa ka'ida ɗaya, hatimi ya je wurin Baikal daga Tekun Arctic ta rafin Kogin Lena a farkon zamanin, lokacin da yake ɓangaren tsarin guda ɗaya da Baikal. An tabbatar da wannan ka'idar ta hanyar binciken chromosome da sauran bayanai sun tabbatar da cewa hatimin Arctic fur shine mafi kusancin dangi. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa tsakanin hatimin da hatimin da ke da alaƙa. Baikal seals sun fi kyau kyau, musamman mata.Hakanan sun bambanta da wasu a cikin launin fata mai launin shuɗi kuma a cikin cewa suna da 2 lita na jini ƙarin.

Dangane da lura da ma'aikata na Cibiyar Nazarin Lantarki, hatimin ya sami damar nutse har zurfin kusan mita 300. Yayin nutsewa, tsarin aikin shi ya gushe, kuma saboda myoglobin yana ci gaba da yin numfashi na cikin jiki, yayin da ganuwar jijiyoyin jini ke cire cholesterol. Yawan jama'arta, a cewar bayanan da masu bincike E. Petrov da M. Ivanov suka samu, akalla dabbobi 100,000 ne. Koyaya, ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, Peter Simon Pallas ya rubuta tare da baƙin ciki cewa "lalacewar da ba a iya aiwatarwa ta lalace ta hanyar mashi da takubban Lake Baikal, kuma har yanzu ba a sake ganin hatimin a kudancin Baikal ba ..."

A cikin hunturu, lokacin da tafkin ke rufe da lokacin farin ciki mai kankara, hatimin yana yin kaifi mai kauri ta cikin hanyoyin iska (ramuka a cikin kankara). A nan kusa, a cikin kogon dusar ƙanƙara, saniya ta haifi ɗa ko, da wuya, cuba cuban biyu na hatimi. Da farko suna da launin shuɗi-mai launi. Makonni biyu baya, sai suka fara fari, daga baya kuma suka sami kyakkyawar launin shuɗi.

Nerpa yana cin kifi, wanda baya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kamun kifi, amma yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin Baikal (gobies ya haɗu da kashi 20, kuma golomyanka - kashi 80 na abincinsu). Kowace rana yana cin akalla kilo 3 na kifi (ton ɗaya a shekara!). Babu kalmomi da za su iya bayyana jin daɗin da ya biyo bayan haɗuwa da hatimin rayayye wani wuri a cikin bayar mai natsuwa ko kusa da tsibiran Ushkany. Gullible, bude idanun manyan idanun hatimin, mai hankali zasu yiwa kowa kwalliya. Awanni da yawa, dabbobi zasu iya yin gasa da rana yayin wasa tare da danginsu.

Dare yayi nishi

Wannan shi ne ɗayan nau'in nau'in nau'in batir. Sanannen abu ne saboda girman girmansa da launin ruwan kasa mai haske-ja. Wani fasalin mawaqocin dare shine siffar kunnuwa. Ana iya samunsa anan kusa da tsaunin dutse, galibi da daddare. Daren da aka washe shi garken dabbobi ne. A cikin rukuni ɗaya, akwai mutane 3 zuwa 20. Wannan dabbar mafarauta ce. Ya yi farauta da dare, kusa da kambi na katako.

Haske na dare ya tashi da sauri isa, saboda wannan, kusan ba zai yiwu a bi lokacinsa ba. Tana jin tsoron sanyi, saboda haka ta tashi kudu don hunturu. Kowace shekara, ana rage yawan yawan shafaffen dare. Masana kimiyya basu da madaidaicin amsar abin da aka haɗa wannan. Akwai zaton cewa faduwar bishiyoyi a tafkin Baikal ya cutar da yawan jama'arta.

Daren baleen Baikal

Alamar Baikal

Wannan wakilin Baikal dabbobi shine sanannen mashahurin wannan tafkin. Oƙon itace babbar alama ce ta waɗannan wuraren. Wannan ya faru ne saboda neman sa don fitar da Jawo mai mahimmanci, nama da mai. A yau, farauta ba a rufe, ba doka ba ce, amma, saboda saurin hauhawan jama'a, hukumomi sun sanya takunkumi a kan farauta.

Yana da ban sha'awa, amma har zuwa yau ba a san takamaiman yadda hatimin ɗin ya zauna akan Kogin Baikal ba. Dangane da mafi mashahurin sigar, dabbar ta zo nan ne daga Tekun Arctic a cikin Ice Ice.

A zahiri, hatimi babban hatimi ne wanda, yin iyo a ruwa, lokaci-lokaci yana iyo zuwa bakin iska. Yana da kyau a sani cewa hatimin shine ɗan dabba mai shan dabba na Baikal.

Don samun kifi, suna nutsewa cikin zurfi a ruwa, sama da mita 150. A can za su iya zama daga minti 20 zuwa 30. Nerpa wata halitta ce ta musamman, kamar yadda zata iya dakatar da juna biyu da kanta, a yayin da ta fahimci cewa babu wani yanayi da ya dace don renon yara.

Koyaya, a cikin yanayi wannan yakan faru da wuya. Wani lokacin ci gaban tayi a mahaifar hatimin mace ta dakatar, shi ke nan, ya fada cikin tashin hankali. A wannan yanayin, zai iya zama har zuwa lokacin da za a samu ciki na gaba. Don haka, hatimin mace na iya haihuwar mutum 2 lokaci ɗaya.

Saker Falcon

Kamar yadda fauna na Baikal bambanta, akwai na musamman tsuntsaye na tsari Falconiformes. Ofayansu mai sakaci ne. A cikin girman, wannan halitta yayi kama da kurma maimakon falke. A baya na saker launin ruwan kasa, kuma a gabanta akwai haske tare da baki da launin toka-sa. Launin matasa ya fi kyau.

Saker Falcon tsuntsu ne na ganima wanda ke cin nasara akan karamin wasa, galibi gopher.Yana gina gidaje ne kawai akan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, ta yadda yayin da zai tafi, zai sami damar duba garin sosai, don neman abinci. Oftenarancin lokaci, saker yakan zauna a kan dutsen kusa da ruwa.

Sakamakon raguwar gandun daji a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, albarkatun abinci na Saker Falcon ya ragu sosai. Saboda haka, yanzu wannan tsuntsun da ta farauta tana gab da hallakarwa.

Baikal omul

Wannan dabba tana cikin ajin kifin kifin salmon. Kama ta yana da matukar amfani ga masana'antar kamun kifi ta Rasha. An samo wannan halitta ta musamman a cikin ruwayen gida. Daga omuli suna shirya kunne, kasusuwan, pies. Suna dafa shi, toya shi, hayaki, da sauransu Duk kwanon da aka yi da wannan kifin yana da daɗin ci, saboda haka yawanci yawon buɗe ido ya ce su dafa Baikal omul.

A lokacin daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen kaka, sai ta tafi spawn. Laran ƙananan lardin 1 cm sun bayyana a cikin ruwa a watan Afrilu. Girman matsakaicin mutum shine 50 cm, kuma nauyin shine 900 g. Yana da wuya a kama babban omul, wanda nauyinsa zai kai kilogiram 4-6.

Motsa gwiwar hannu

Daya daga cikin mafi girman dabbobin Baikal. Nauyin matsakaicin namiji shine kilogiram 500, tsawon jikin mutum yakai mita 2. Yawancinsu suna zaune ne a bakin teku, galibi basa cikin gandun daji.

Duk lokacin da karar nan ta kara zama, yayin da karan sa ke kara girma. A shekaru 15, sun daina haɓaka. Af, tsawon rayuwar rayuwar wannan kyakkyawan dabba shine shekaru 30. Hornsahonin dabbar suna faɗuwa kuma suna girma sabo kowace shekara.

Shaggy elk dabba ce ta dabbobi. A cikin hunturu, yana cin ƙoshin katako. Irin wannan Dabbobin Ba'ikal a cikin hoto ya yi kyau. Amma yawon bude ido da kyar na iya samun damar raye raye-raye, kamar yadda muzukan ke bin mutane.

Dare Peacock

Wannan kwari da aka yi amfani da shi na Lepidoptera yana daya daga cikin wakilan Baikal da ke cikin hadarin fauna. Yakan daidaita shi kawai a cikin gandun daji, a cikin makiyaya da gefuna katako. Lokacin da sanyi ya zo, idon sahun dutsen da ke cikin dare yakan nemi mafaka a cikin itacen oak, Willow, Rasberi da sauran bishiyoyi, da shuki.

A bayyanar, kwaro yayi kama da asu ko malam buɗe ido. Jikinta ya kai cm 4-5 a tsayi, kuma fikafikanti - 6-7 cm Ana samun rawaya, launin ruwan kasa da shuɗi a cikin yankuna na yankin. Smallan karamin baƙar fata yana bayyane a fili akan kowane fuka-fuki 4.

Brood fitila

shi dabbobin da suke rayuwa a Baikalyana gab da hallakarwa. Tsarin rayuwarsa yana faruwa ne kawai cikin ruwa mai tsarkakakke, yana wadatar da adadin oxygen. Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar rafin fitila shine shekaru 6. A yau, akwai ƙasa da mutane 1000 a cikin ruwayen gida.

Jikin fitilar shine agwọine. Tana da ƙusoshin ƙarfi sosai, kowannensu rabe yake da rata. Idanun wannan dabbar suna haɓaka, saboda haka, koda a cikin ruwa, ba ya gani da kyau.

Baikal kogin fitila

Leopard Snow

Na biyu sunan wannan kyakkyawan dabba shine damisa dusar ƙanƙara. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, wannan shine mafi girman wakilcin wakilcin fauna na gida. Ba kowane mutumin da ke zaune a bakin tafkin Baikal ba zai iya yin fahariya cewa ya ga damisa aƙalla sau ɗaya.

Haka ne, wannan dabba ce mai wuya. A cikin yankin ƙasa babu mutane fiye da 50. Irbis maƙiyi ne, duk da haka, kusan ba ta taɓa kaiwa mutum hari, saboda tana jin tsoro. Amma game da farauta, yana da matukar wahala kama wannan dabbar da take da ƙarfi.

Girman damin damisa na mutum daga kilo 50 zuwa 65. Mata sun fi ƙanƙanta da maza, saboda haka suna yin ƙasa da nauyi, har zuwa kilogiram 45. Tunda wannan dabbar tana cikin iyalin cat, farauta galibi daga farauta ne.

Hankalin dusar ƙanƙara ya dame shi kwatsam, tun da farko ya rufe kansa. Lokacin da ya zabi wanda aka azabtar, da alama ba za ta iya boyewa ba. Dabbar tana farautar unguwa, zomaye, ƙera, raguna da awaki. Don cin abinci, damisa dusar ƙanƙara tana buƙatar kilogiram 2 zuwa 4 na nama a rana.

Sandpiper

Wannan ƙaramin tsuntsu ne kyakkyawa wanda ke rayuwa a Kogin Baikal. Yana cikin rukunan sandboxes. Wani fasali na sandpiper shine beak dinsa na bakin ciki, wanda yafi guntu fiye da na sauran tsuntsayen. Hakanan ana rarrabe shi da wasu ta hanyar dogon yatsunsu na bakin ciki.

Saboda tsarin musamman na kafafu, tsuntsun yana motsawa da sauri a ƙasa. Saboda haka, yawon bude ido galibi suna iya ganin ƙananan keken hannu a bakin Kogin Baikal, wanda suke rikitar da dabbobi.

Ofarshen su yana fentin farin, a gaban - launin ruwan kasa.A lokacin hunturu, sun yi duhu. Sandpipers suna yin sheƙun girke-girke a kan firam na itace, galibi akan bushes. Don yin wannan, suna amfani da ciyawa na bara ko willow ganye.

A zahiri, an bayyana mafi girman gida na wannan karamin tsuntsu. Jirgi ne mai karamin hutu. Sandpipers suna sanya ƙwai a farkon lokacin bazara, daga baya a tsakiyar. An rufe kajin cikin fuka-fukai a cikin wata 1.5 bayan sun fito daga kwan.

Hare kurege

Wannan ɗayan dabbobi ne masu yaɗuwa a duniya. Sakamakon saurin haɓaka, yawan kumburi a yankin na haɓaka kowace shekara. Duk da bayyanar kyakkyawa, duk mazan da ke dajin Baikal suna cin abincin.

Wannan nau'in kumburi yana da girma sosai. Girman matsakaicin matsakaici shine kilogiram 3-4, sannan kuma mata sune 2-2.5. Suna girma, sun kai 60 cm tsayi. Wani kuma saɓanin yanayin mutanen Baikal shine yawan wuce gona da iri. Kusan duk tsawon lokacin farkawa suna cikin motsi.

Zomo yana cikin rukunin dabbobin daji. A cikin lokacin dumi, sukan ci tushen, berries da ganye, kuma a cikin sanyi - haushi na katako. Kowa ya san wannan dabbar kamar yadda ake saurin-kiwo. Kowace shekara, zomayen da ya manyanta ke bayarwa daga zuriya 2 zuwa 5, wato, kusan zomaye 30.

Sturgeon Siberian

Yawan wannan kifin a cikin Baikal yana raguwa a kowace shekara. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon karuwar maƙarƙashiya. Wannan kifin ya bazu ko'ina cikin waɗannan sassan, an samo shi duka cikin ruwa mara zurfi da zurfin tafkin. Sturgeon Siberian kifi ne da ya daɗe yana rayuwa. Matsakaicin rayuwar ta shine shekaru 50. Matsakaicin tsawon mutum shine mita 1.5, nauyi - 120 kg.

Duck Mallard

Wannan halitta mai rai, kamar hatimin, ita ce "katin kira" na Lake Baikal. Mallard duck mallard sau 1.5 ya fi girma fiye da yadda aka saba. Ana iya samun ta sau da yawa a kan tafkin. Shugaban yana da launin shuɗi mai haske, baki yana launin rawaya, ƙwalƙwalwa yana launin ruwan kasa, baya kuma orange. Ga mutane da yawa, irin wannan tsuntsu na iya ɗauka kamar motley, amma ƙananan zafin jiki na ƙasa sun faɗi, duhu ya zama duhu.

Mallard ducks suna girma kusa da ruwa a kusa da ruwa. Dutsen Baikal massifs bashi da su. Kusa da zuwa hunturu, suna ƙaura zuwa Kudu, inda ruwan ba ya daskarewa. Abin mamaki, irin wannan tsuntsu kamar mallard duck yana da kirki kwarai da gaske ga ƙyamar offspringa .an su. Uwar mace tayi makonni 3 zuwa 4 tare da kayanta wadanda ba suyi ba, ba tare da bata lokaci ba. A lokaci 1, tana ɗaukar kimanin ƙwai 10.

Mallard Ducks Namiji da Mace

Musk deer

Bayan da ya sadu da irin wannan dabbar a karon farko, tun da bai ji komai ba game da shi, mutum zai iya jin tsoro sosai. Tabbas, a farkon kallo, shi mai barewa ne mai ƙaho, amma ya fi dacewa a kula da bakinsa, kamar yadda ya gani nan take ya canza zuwa damisa. Kasancewar manyan fango a cikin wannan dabba yana da alaƙa da buƙatarsa ​​na cin lichen. Ya sauƙaƙa cire shi daga bishiya, godiya ga haƙoransa.

Mazauna karkara suna da almara cewa an haifi musk deer sakamakon ƙaunar barewa da lynx. Tabbas, babu tabbacin kimiyya game da wannan. Zuwa yau, dabbar tana kan matakin halaka.

Dalilin shi ne babban hankalin mafarauta zuwa ga musk, wani abu da ya sami aikace-aikace a dafa abinci, magani har ma da turare. Tsawon jiki na matsakaicin mutum shine 90 cm, nauyi - 15 kg. Namiji na musk suna da ɗan tsawo da girma fiye da na mace.

Matsewa

Ba za a iya kiran wannan babban maciji ba. Matsakaicin tsayinta na jikinta shine cm 70. Siffar wannan nau'in itace kyakkyawa mai kyan gani wacce aka saƙa, har da babba da zagaye, hakanan sunan - shchitomordnik.

Akwai nau'ikan 4 na irin wannan maciji akan Baikal:

Dukkanin jikin muck din, komai nau'insa, an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa. A cikin manya, akwai kusan 40 daga cikinsu.

Wolverine

Wannan dabba mai tsinkaye ga ajin Marten. A kallon farko, yana iya zama kamar Wolverine dabba ce mai firgita da rikice-rikice. Wannan kuskure ne. Hasali ma, yana daya daga cikin masu tsananin tsoro a duniya. A bayyanar, wannan dabbar tana kama da beyar mai launin ruwan kasa. Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsarar jikin mutum shine 90-100 cm.

Wani fasali na Wolverine shine yana ƙaunar tafiya. A kan Baikal, mutum na iya samun nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa, daɗi, da farko, dabbobi.Koyaya, a lokacin tafiya ne dabbar ke neman ganima.

Yana ciyar da yafi akan rodents. Idan baza ku iya samun maganin da kuka fi so ba, Wolverine ba zai raina ƙwai tsuntsu ba, wanda zai samu a cikin gida, har ma da jigilar yara. Da wuya, wannan maharbin yana kai hari ga manyan herbivores, kamar, misali, deer. Amma suna sauƙin kai hari ga dabba ko rauni.

Mongolian tawali'u

Yawan wannan dabbar yana raguwa kowace shekara. Girman dutsen Mongolian matsakaici ne - 6 cm - mace da 8 cm - maza. Babban fasalinta shine launin fari-kore. Da ma tsofaffi lead, da duhu baya. Sanin wannan, mutum zai iya bambanta babban mutum daga saurayi.

Wannan nau'in yana zaune a cikin bakin ayyukan lardi na gida, akasari a cikin ciyayi. Don saduwa da gwanayen Mongolian a kan tafkin Baikal na zamani, yawon bude ido ba sa da wahala.

Muskrat

Wannan dabba mai ban dariya tana cikin rukunin ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu ruwa. Muskrat yana ƙanƙanta fiye da nutria ko beaver. Matsakaicin nauyinta shine kilogiram 1.5. Duk da cewa dabba ta dade a cikin ruwa, amma kusan ba ta daskarewa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda fur na musamman wanda baya samun rigar.

Cutar muskrat tayi haske fiye da bayanta. Kowane ɗayan gabar dabba yana da ƙananan membranes. Wannan ya bashi damar yin iyo sosai kuma yana motsawa cikin sauri cikin ruwa. Af, wutsiyar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin motsi na ruwa ga muskrat, wanda shi, kamar sauran jijiyoyin, suna amfani dashi azaman "rudder".

A kan Baikal, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa daga shekaru 3 zuwa 8. Ta zaɓi wurin shirya sosai a hankali. Wani mahimmin yanayi a gare shi shine yawan ciyayi da kasancewar ingantaccen ruwa. Muskrat ya ci ƙananan kifaye da ciyayi.

Wannan dabba ce ta musamman, wacce a yanayi take rawar da ƙirar zaren gini. Muskrat yana gina gidaje masu hawa 2 idan da ruwan ya hau. Yawancin lokaci suna gina ƙarin wuraren zama, suna amfani da su a matsayin kayan kwalliya don adana abinci don hunturu. Don shigar da wannan "bukka", dabba za ta yi nutsuwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa.

Baikal muskrat

Brown kai

Wannan shine daya daga cikin mafi girma dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya, wanda kuma ana samo shi akan Kogin Baikal. Anan sune sarakunan gargajiya na zahiri. Sauran dabbobin suna tsoron kada beyar ta cinye shi, saboda haka sun gwammace kada su gamu da shi. Kuma idan, duk da haka, wannan yana faruwa, babu abin da ya rage ya yi sai tserewa.

Koyaya, wannan ba koyaushe ba bu mai kyau ba, saboda, kamar yadda ka sani, bears mai launin fata yana kawo hari ne kawai idan yana jin yunwa. Babban haɗari mafi girma ga ƙananan wasa shine beyar mace, wanda ke kulawa da zuriyar. Idan ta koyi motsi a cikin radius mafi kusa, hakika za ta kai hari.

Matsakaicin tsayin jikin wannan dabbar yana da mita 1.5 kuma nauyinta shine 250 kilogram. Maza sun fi mata yawa. Abin da aka fi so a cikin wannan dabba shine kifi. Yana kuma cin berries da asalinsu. Amma ƙaunar kifi yana sa ɓarke ​​da bera da ke bakin kogi har tsawon lokaci. Sukan yi hijabi a cikin narka.

Ciwon ciki

Wannan ƙaramar dabba tana cikin rukuni na hamsters. An kira shi "fari" saboda sha'awar shirya kusa da ruwa: koguna, tafkuna, rafuffuka, da dai sauransu Akwai da yawa a Kogin Baikal. Cutar amai da gudawa ita ce ɗayan ƙwayar cuta mafi yaduwa a cikin Rasha, wanda za'a iya samu a kusan kowane yanki. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai cm 30. Halin wannan dabba shine ƙananan kunnuwa. Bayan manyan fur fur, kusan ba zai yiwu a yi su ba.

Duk da kyawunta mai ban sha'awa da ban dariya, ana ɗaukar ruwa mai ƙwari kamar kwaro, saboda, a lokacin ambaliyar, ta fi son ta zauna a cikin lambuna, tana ɓarnar ramuka mai zurfi a wurin.

Abincin da ta fi so shine tsutsotsi. Toari ga su, fariy suna cin haushi na katako da harbe wasu tsire-tsire. Ta tabbatar da taken "kwaro" ta cin amfanin gonar. Suchaya daga cikin irin wannan mutum a cikin lokacin 1 na gona zai iya haifar da lalacewar fiye da murabba'in mita 50 na amfanin gona.

Kaɗa

Abu na farko da ya bambanta dabbar Baikal daga siran alade ita ce ciyawa mai kauri da ke rufe jikinta duka. Af, da yake magana game da jikin dabbar, ya kamata a lura cewa tana da ɗan madaidaicin siffar siffar siffar.

Bambanci na biyu tsakanin boar da alade shine kasancewar ƙugiyoyi biyu masu kaifi waɗanda ke fitowa daga bakin. Sun fi so su zauna a cikin gandun daji mai yawa. Amma boars na daji sukanyi tafiya zuwa tsaunin tsaunuka.

Abincin da Baikal ke bayarwa ya hada da: acorns, kwayoyi, kwararan fitila na wasu furanni, tsutsotsi, rhizomes da kwari. Wani lokacin basu damu da cin qwai tsuntsu ko kananan dabbobi ba.

Tsuntsayen daji ba safai bane suke kaiwa mutane hari ba. Don kunna tsarin kariya, kuna buƙatar ƙetare yankinta. Dukkanin jinsunan da muke la'akari da su a yau, tare, gaba ɗaya, ƙirƙirar duniyar halitta ta musamman, wanda tabbas ya cancanci kariya.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa

Elk

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Wolverine

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Wolf Red

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Bear

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Lynx

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Irbis

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Hare

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Wata 'yar fulawa

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Barguzinsky sable

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Hare

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Zazzagewa

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Altai pika

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Groundhog mai launin baƙi

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Kaɗa

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Roi deer

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Reindeer

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Tsuntsaye

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Sandpiper

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Mallard

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Wuta

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Azumfalar gwal

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Girma

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Ugo na zinare

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Saker Falcon

Asiya maharbi godwit

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Babban Grebe (Chomga)

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Cormorant

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Mai shigowa

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Hudu na Yamma

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Tsaunin dutse

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Daur crane

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Sand mai dogon yatsu

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Mazauna Ruwa

Alamar Baikal

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Whitefish

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Lenok

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Taimen

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Davatchan

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Golomyanka

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Omul

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Baikal tsayayye

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Baikal mai launin toka

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Red fuska-fuska

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Goby mai launin shuɗi

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Arctic char

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Pike

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Barkiya

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Manufa

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Siberian dace

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Kasuwar Lake

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Rober Siachian

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Sigeian gudgeon

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Kifin zinari

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Amur kifin

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Tench

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Siberian plucking

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Amur catfish

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Burbot

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Little rotan

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Abubuwa masu rarrafe

Toad gama gari

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Tsarkakken maciji

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Talakawa tuni

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Viviparous lizard

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Mucks na kowa

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Kammalawa

Fauna na Lake Baikal ya ƙunshi dabbobi masu ruwa, kifaye da invertebrates, har ma da fauna na yankin bakin teku. Kogin yana kewaye da gandunan taiga na Siberiya da duwatsun da yawa, wanda ke nufin akwai dabbobin gargajiya na yankin: bera, dawakai, Wolverine, dabbar musk da sauransu. Wataƙila mafi kyawun abin mamakin wakilci na fauna na yankin bakin tekun na Lake Baikal shine mai yin reindeer.

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Komawa ga duniyar ruwa, yana da mahimmanci a lura da matsanancin yanayi - hatimin Baikal. Wannan nau'in hatimi ne kuma yana rayuwa cikin ruwayen Baikal tsawon shekaru da yawa. Babu inda kuma a duniya akwai irin wannan hatimi. Wannan dabba abu ne mai kamun kifi kuma ana amfani dashi don abinci a duk tsawon lokacin da mutum yake kasancewa a bakin gabar Baikal. Alamar Baikal ba nau'in cutarwa bane, amma farauta yana da iyaka don rigakafin.

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A gefen Tekun Baikal, dabba mafi ɗaukar nauyi na dangin cat suna zaune - damisa dusar ƙanƙara ko damisa dusar ƙanƙara. Yawan mutane suna ƙanƙanta sosai kuma adadinsu na adadi ne. A waje, wannan dabbar tana kama da lynx, amma tana da girma sosai kuma tana da kyakkyawa, kusan fararen fari tare da fari.

Seals of Baikal

Duk mazaunan wannan yanayin mai ban sha'awa suna ajiyar zuciya a hankali suna danganta da kasancewar mutumin da suka saba da shi sakamakon haɓakar haɓaka. Amma mafi mashahuri Dabbobin Baikal don hoto - da ruwan tabarau na bidiyo na masu yawon bude ido, wannan, hakika, like.

A zahiri, hatimun Baikal seals ne. Wadannan tafkuna masu kayatarwa suna kan hanyar karewa saboda shekaru da yawa na ayyukan masana'antu suna zubar da sharar su a cikin tafkin, kuma a yanzu haka an kare kariyar Baikal sosai, a zahiri kowane dabba yana da nasa guntu da "masu sa ido".

Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna jayayya game da yadda waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi masu cute suka ƙare a cikin ruwan ruwan da yake cikin ruwan tafkin. Ka'idar akan ƙaura yayin zamanin glaciation daga gefen Tekun Arctic alama ce da za ta kasance abin dogaro.

Alsoke hatimi suna cinye dukkan lokatansu a cikin ruwa, suna iyo don samun iska a cikin huhunsu. A ranakun ranaku masu kyau, masu dumin gaske, musamman a farkon kaka, sun canza al'aurarsu kuma su tashi zuwa gaɓar tekun ko rafin da za su faɗi tare da bushewar rana.

Sukan yi hibernate kusa da bakin teku, a sassan mara nauyi, a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, suna amfani da lokacin hunturu har ma don kiwo. Mace na Baikal seals sun tsufa fiye da maza, har suka kai ga balaga lokacin da suke da shekaru 4.5.5, yayin da “boysa ”an” kuma suka fara sha'awar su sai da shekaru 5-6.

Yawancin mace yana ɗaukar watanni 11, kuma yawanci ana haihuwar jarirai ne daga watan Fabrairu zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu. Haka kuma, mata sun sami damar haihuwar shekaru 40-45, duk da gaskiyar cewa hatim ɗin yana rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau na kimanin shekaru 50. Yara kanana ana haihuwar su, yawanci shine guda daya, galibi yana da biyu. Alsarfin hatimi wanda aka haife shi ya kai kilogiram 3.5-4 kuma an rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara-fari.

Animalaukar nauyin balagaggen dabba ya bambanta daga kilo 50 zuwa 150, hatimin yana tattara ta duk rayuwarta, cin kifi, galibi nau'in golomyanko-goby, yana cin 4-5 kilogiram na kifi a rana.

Tsawon shekara guda, kowane ɗayan waɗannan cuties suna iya cin kimanin tan na kifin, yayin da hatimin ɗin ya kasance mai amare sosai, yana haɓaka saurin 20-25 km / h idan ya cancanta.

Sahats suna rayuwa a ko'ina cikin Eurasia, amma waɗannan dabbobi akan Baikal – da wuya, tunda sun bambanta da duk sauran ƙananan masse, da farko a girma. A matsakaici, nauyin sokhaty da ke zaune a bakin gabar tafkin ya kai 400, amma maza da yawa sun wuce kilogiram 500.

Tsawon waxannan kyawawan launuka a qauyensu yakai mita 2.5, kuma mafi karancin tsawon jiki shine mita uku. Moye mai shekaru 15 yana da ƙahonin ƙaƙƙarfan iko da kyan gani, kuma suna rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau na shekaru 25-30.

An buga fuskoki a watan Janairu, haɓakar "sabo" yana farawa a farkon Maris. Gon ya faɗi ne a watan Satumba-Oktoba, kuma a watan Mayu-Yuni an haifi ƙananan yara 'yan maruƙa. Dried suna zaune a cikin ƙananan rukunin mutane 4-8, suna cin ganye da ganye, kuma a cikin lokacin hunturu suna cin haushi.

Bear

Duk da cewa bears, launin ruwan kasa, kamar gwiwar hannu, suna zaune ko'ina cikin Eurasia, kawai a cikin tafkin keɓaɓɓu sune sarakunan yanayi Tsawon jikin waɗannan mutane masu kyau waɗanda ke zaune kusa da ruwan tafkin Baikal, mita 2.5-3 ne, kuma tsayinsa a ƙwanƙolin mita ɗaya da rabi ne. Dabbar tana da mahimmanci, ta zauna, ba ta birgewa ba. Koyaya, idan ya zama dole, zai yuwu ya wuce kilomita 300 don neman abinci, sannan ya dawo.

Baikal bears suna da ombivo, kamar kowa, amma sun fi son kifi ga kowane abinci. Ko da zuma tana da ƙanƙan da ƙananan kifi mai sabo, bears saboda su suna iya zama a cikin ruwa don rabin rana. Harkokin sanyi a bakin tafkin yana ɗaukar watanni shida, kofofin wasannin beed an gina su sosai fiye da danginsu na Turai.

Basu da lokacin yin kiwo, daga jarirai ɗaya zuwa huɗu ana haihuwar su a lokaci guda, waɗanda suke cin hijabinsu na farko tare da abincin dare. Kuma bears suna zaune a cikin ajiyar kaya na tsawon shekaru 20-25.

Lynx katin biza ne na ajiyar abubuwa.Kyakkyawan cat mai ƙarfi, saboda haɗuwa tare da wanda zakuyi ƙoƙari sosai. Menene lynx da kansu ke ɗaukar yawon bude ido cikin nutsuwa, ba tare da tunanin ɓoyewa ko gudu ba. Suna kawai zaune a cikin wurare mafi wuya a cikin ajiyar ajiya.

Cats cat ne, koda wannan cat din Baikal lynx ce. Wannan dabbar ita loner ce. Lynxes suna da nisa daga kowane lokaci, kittens yawanci sune 3-5, kuma uba bai damu da dangi ba.

Lynx yana farauta don komai, abincinsa shine hares, deer, foxes. Duk abin da ta gani kuma zai iya kamawa. Bai taɓa wuce gida tare da ƙwai ba, amma sau da yawa baya cin abinci, amma kawai yana goge shi da paw ɗinsa.

Lynx yana kai hari daga maharan, yana haɓaka saurin kai tsaye kuma, a'a babba. Amma yanzu, akwai damar da yawa don tserewa daga ganima, tunda an riga an kure da cat a mita 70 na neman.

Koyaya, idan lynx ya yi nasara, kuma nan da nan ta yi tsalle kan abin da ta farauto, har ma biri ba shi da damar rayuwa. Lynx bashi da girmamawa ga komai Baikal namun dajiamma, abin mamaki shine, ya kasance gaba ɗaya tsaka-tsaki dangane da Wolverines.

Irbis

Dabbar tatsuniyoyi, kusan mafi shahararre - damisa dusar ƙanƙara, damisa dusar ƙanƙan Baikal. Wannan dabbar bawai kawai take ba dabbobi na Littafin Farko na Baikal, yana da matsayi na musamman - ya kasance ba za'a iya tursasa shi ba a kowane yanayi, gami da barazanar rayuwa.

Idan damisa ta kai hari, dan yawon bude ido na iya amfani da darts tare da kwayoyin maganin bacci, a la’akari da ka’idar tarayya game da kare nau’in nau’in fauna.

Gabaɗaya, cikin tarihin ajiyar abubuwa. Tun daga shekarar 1969, ba a sami rahoton bullar cutar damisa a kan mutane ba. Wadannan magabatan suna rayuwa a ko'ina cikin ajiyar kaya, kuma suka farauto a kan ungulates kuma, gabaɗaya, suna kama da manyan kuliyoyi. Kowane irin dabba yana microchipped. A yau, kutare 49 suna zaune a wurin ajiyar kaya.

Yawan nauyin waɗannan kyawawan maza sun haɗu daga 55 zuwa 65 kg, tsawon jikin mutum mai ƙarfi da aka cika da tsokoki na ƙarfe ya kasance daga mita 1.05 zuwa 1.1. Leopards suna ƙaunar yin aure tun daga Janairu zuwa ƙarshen Maris, kuma bayan kwanaki 100, ana haihuwar yara biyu zuwa huɗu masu dusar ƙanƙara mai fari.

A farauta, damisa dusar ƙanƙara koyaushe tana farawa tare da ungulates, duk da haka, tunda damisa ta daɗe na dogon lokaci, ba ta motsawa ba, kumburin yakan yi tsalle kusa da nan. A wannan yanayin, wawa tsutsa yana kamawa da bugun paw, wanda yake da sauri wanda mutum kawai bai lura dashi ba.

Farauta ta ƙare a nan, damisa ta ci gawa da zumar a hankali, kuma idan a wannan lokacin rago, ko akuya ya bayyana, ba za su taɓa yin barazanar ba har sai dabbar dusar ƙanƙara ta sake jin yunwa. Wannan babban cat yana buƙatar kilogiram 3 zuwa 5 na nama a lokaci guda.

Lokacin da suke magana game da Dabbobin Baikal, da farko, suna tunawa da magabatansu, ire-irensu da ke cikin hadari, sun manta da zomo. Zomo ɗan ƙaramin dabba ne, wanda da yawa daga cikin “masu ƙoshi da kyawawan halaye” bawai za su iya fita daga yunwar ba. Bunnies suna zaune a ko'ina cikin ajiyar kayan abinci kuma suna zama abinci don kusan dukkanin masu farauta.

Squirrels kansu, manyan dabbobi. Suna nauyi daga kilogiram 2.5 zuwa 5, kuma suna iya kaiwa cm 50 a tsawan. An yarda da cewa hares suna aiki da maraice da dare, amma hares koyaushe yana aiki a Kogin Baikal.

Sun tono zurfin minks, daga 8 - 9 m, wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa hares har yanzu ya fi son kada ya zama ganima ga mazaunan da ke fama da littafin Red Book. A fata na ciyar a kan dukkan takamaiman tsire-tsire, haka ma, duka ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni, da asalinsu. A cikin hunturu, suna cin haushi da rassa.

Nunaji kamar son kiwo, a shekara guda zomo yana kawo kwastomomi 3-4 daga zomaye 2-6. Hares suna zaune a cikin ajiyar tare da manyan "iyalai", kuma suna da alaƙar zamantakewa kuma galibi suna "taimakawa" juna.

M kamar yadda ake tsammani, foxs zaune a duk faɗin duniya a gefen gabar tafkin keɓaɓɓu ne. Kawai a nan, foxes suna da cikakken kwantar da hankula game da mutane, kuma idan suka ga rukuni na mahaukata, ba su barin kawai ba, amma ana karban su da “shirya”, suna murmushi da duk kyakkyawar fuskarsu.

Ya kamata a lura cewa irin wannan dabarar ta haifar da 'ya'yan itace da kuma shahararrun masu jan hankali tsakanin masu yawon bude ido sun ketare katangar ragwaye, da lynxes, har ma da damisa na dusar ƙanƙara.

A lokaci guda, dawakai kansu, ba shakka, basu damu da buƙatun kansu ba, kawai masu yawon bude ido koyaushe suna barin wani abu mai daɗi, alal misali, cookies, wanda chanterelles suke ci tare da jin daɗi mai girma. Jagorori suna duban irin waɗannan abubuwa ta yatsunsu, saboda ra'ayoyin da aka yi na "hira" tare da dawakai suna jawo sabbin yawon bude ido zuwa ajiyar.

Dawakai wata dabba ce mai falala. Mutanen da ke zaune kusa da gabar tafkin sun ɗan bambanta da waɗanda ke zaune a dazuzzuka na Turai. Yawan nauyin chanterelle na gida yana canzawa kimanin kilogiram 10-15, kuma tsawon sa ya kai 80-90 cm, ban da wutsiya. Tail - daga 60 cm, wanda dawakairsa suka girma ba don suttattun furfuran ɗan adam ba, amma azaman “mai ƙarfafa” lokacin gudu.

42-hakori mai launin ja mai launin gashi yakan haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, amma ba a kan Baikal ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda masu yawon bude ido ko kuma ayyukan agogo - ba a bayyana ba.

Chanterelles suna rayuwa a duk faɗin duniya daga shekaru 3 zuwa 10, yayin da rayuwarsu ta adana ta fi tsayi, bisa ga ƙididdigar da aka tattara tare da taimakon mafarautan, dawakai na gida sun fara mutuwa yana da shekaru 15-17.

Ana amfani da ramin Fox ne kawai don tsari daga haɗari ko mummunan yanayi da kuma dawakai dawakai. Idan yanayin ya yi kyau, babu abokan gaba a kusa kuma dawakai ba za su haihu ba - za ta kwanta barci kawai a gandun daji.

Fuka-fukai masu farauta ne kwarai, amma a tafkin Baikal suma sunada ƙaiƙayi, kuma masoya suna bukin tsutsotsi da tsutsotsi. Abin da kuma ya bambanta "ja" na gida da kowa.

Basu da wani lokacin don “dangantakar aure,” amma sun gwammace su haifi dawakai a farkon bazara. An yi rikodin lokuta lokacin da mace cikin mummunan hali ta kori namiji, kuma idan dawakai ta yi nasara, to da dawakan zasu bayyana a “lokacin hunturu”.

Duk iyayen suna da hannu a cikin tarbiyyar yaran. Me dangi na dawakai suke da shi na rayuwa, kamar karnuka ne. Kowane iyali suna da yankinsu. Koyaya, idan akwai isasshen abinci, dawakai suka zauna cikin nutsuwa da “baƙi”.

Gabaɗaya, dabbobi na Lake Baikal, kamar tsuntsaye da kifi, duk sun ƙirƙira nasu nasu na musamman, duniya ta musamman. Dukkaninsu suna da alaƙar haɗin gwiwa, tare da juna kuma tare da tafkin kanta.

Wannan a bayyane a kallon farko, ba gaira ba dalili, duk da hauhawar farashin yawon shakatawa, yawan masu muhalli yana karuwa koyaushe, kuma waɗanda suka rigaya sun sake zuwa wurin sake buɗe ido.

Alamar Baikal

Gaskiya alama ce ta tafkin almara. An samo hatimin a kan tafkin Baikal. Saboda masu ba da dabbobi, dabba tana cikin haɗarin hallakawa. Jawo, nama da kitsen wannan dabbar tana da tamanin gaske, amma farauta basuda doka ba. Nerpa, kamar seals, yana son yin iyo a cikin ruwa kuma ya sami zuwa bakin teku don shakatawa.

Omul

Omul shine nau'in kasuwancin da yafi yawa (halittar whitefish) na dukkanin nau'in Baikal. Kogin Baikal yana zaune musamman ta hanyar da ba ta da yawa (yana da yawa), yawan jama'arta guda huɗu: Selenginsky, Severobaikalsky, Ambassadorial, Chivyrkuisky. Na yawan jama'a, mafi yawa shine Selenginsky. Baital omul ba kifi ne mafi girma - ya kai aƙalla cm 50 a tsayi kuma aƙalla nauyin 5 kilogram.

Golomyanka

Golomyanka shi ne kifi mafi girma a cikin Lake Baikal, mahaɗi ne a sarkar abinci na yanayin halittu na tafkin. Yana faruwa babban golomyanka da ƙarami. Wata babbar mace ta kai tsawon 25 cm, sai kuma namiji - cm 16. Mace da namiji daga karamar golomyanka sun kai tsawon 15 da 12, bi da bi.

A biomass na Comephorus sau biyu ne asalin halittun sauran kifin Baikal. Golomyanka kifi ne mai ban sha'awa: ba tare da sikeli ba, ba tare da mafitsara na amai ba, viviparous (ba ya ƙwanƙwasawa), translucent, yana zaune a duka zurfinsa (daga farfajiya zuwa ƙasa, yana tsayayya da matsewar ruwa na mashaya na 125) kuma shine babban abinci ga hatimin Baikal da sauran kifayen kifi . Feedsarancin kansa yana ciyar da plankton da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (babban golomyanka na iya cin ɗan ƙarami). Golomyanka shine 35% (a cikin tsokoki - fiye da 40%) ya ƙunshi mai. Ta hanyar wutsiyarta, zaku iya karanta rubutun a cikin babban buga. "Aramin "haɓaka" ya fi gaban da aka biya diyya ta manyan ƙashin kuɗi, wanda ya kai kashi 200% gwargwadon girman jikin mutum.

Barguzinsky sable

Sable dabba ce ta almara da aka rarraba ba wai kawai a Kogin Baikal ba: an samo shi ko'ina cikin yankin taiga na Rasha, mahaifarta ita ce gandun daji da duwatsun gabashin Siberia. Sable Jawo shine zinari mai taushi. Shi kyakkyawa ne, mai jurewa, sabili da haka yana da ƙima. Matsayin darajar fur ɗin ya dogara da launi - mafi duhu mafi kyau. Barguzinsky sable shine mafi duhu.

A cikin USSR, kusan dabbobin da ke Unguwar Baikal sun kusan lalace, tunda babu wuraren kamun kifi. Daga nan sai suka dawo hankalinsu sannan suka dawo da matsayinsu na asali (karni na XVII), daga nan suka wuce gona-da-iri, da kuma sable bred da yawa, wanda ke tayar da ma'aunin farauta. Cikakken tsari a cikin wannan yanki ba kamar an sanya shi ba har yanzu.

Sable din ya kai cm 90 a tsayi, da 20 cm daga wutsiya (ba mafi girma dabba ba). Da safe da maraice yana aiki sosai. Ya gwammace ya zauna cikin itacen al'ul, ko da yake ba kasafai ya hau rawanin bishiyoyi ba.

A farkon shekarun 90s, skins dinsu a wani sayan fur a St. Petersburg sun fi $ 100, amma a karshen shekarun 90s farashinsu ya fadi zuwa $ 62, kamar yadda a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba suke kara zage dantse.

Wani wakilin dabbobin Baikal shine sokhaty. Moose suna rayuwa a ko'ina cikin Eurasia, amma a kan tafkin suna da wuya kuma sun bambanta da girman su daga wasu ƙananan dabbobi a farkon fari. Matsakaici nauyin Elk wanda ke rayuwa a kan tafkin ya kai kilogiram 400Koyaya, nauyin maza da yawa sun fi rabin ton. Girma a ƙaramin ƙasan mayukan shine 2.5 m, kuma ƙarancin matsakaicin tsayin jiki shine 3 m. Mafi kyawun ƙaho kuma masu iko suna da muzari mai shekaru 15. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, rayuwar rayuwar muzara shekaru 25-30 kenan. Suna datse ƙaho a watan Janairu, sababbi sun fara girma a farkon Maris. Lokacin fitowar shine watan Satumba-Oktoba, kuma muna haihuwar saniya a cikin Mayu-Yuni. Moose suna zaune cikin rukuni na mutane 4-8, suna cin ciyawa da harbe, kuma a cikin hunturu - haushi.

Hare

Lallai ƙaddarar wannan dabba ba ta da sauƙi, saboda kumburi abinci ne ga yawancin magabatan Lake Baikal. Girman dabbar yana da nauyin kilogiram 2.5-5, tsayin jikin mutum ya kai 0.5 m. Sun haƙa rami mai zurfi - 8-9 m. Suna ciyar da tsire-tsire, suna cin haushi da rassa a cikin hunturu. A cikin shekara kumbura yana ba da litter 3-4 na 2 zomaye 2. Farin zomo suna zaune cikin manyan "iyalai". Sau da yawa kan agaji da irin nasu.

Dawakai na musamman da suke zaune a bakin tafkin Baikal. Kawai anan akwai foxes ja gaba daya a zahiri amsawa mutane. Bayan sun ga gungun masu yawon bude ido, ba sa barinwa, sai dai su fara “shirya”, suna buɗe fuskokinsu cikin murmushi. A dawowar, yawon bude ido na ba su abinci, don haka amfanin yin fim tare da dawakai kai tsaye.

Wannan dabbar kyakkyawa ta ɗan bambanta da dangi a dazuzzukan Turai. Faks ya kai kilogiram 10-15, kuma tsawon jikin sa shine 80-90 cm (ba tare da wutsiya ba). Tsawon wutsiya ya fito daga cm 60; yana yin “mai kwantar da hankula” yayin gudu. Fuka-fukai suna zaune a tafkin Baikal na tsawon shekaru 15-17, kodayake a wasu wuraren rayuwarsu shine shekaru 3-10. Dawakai suna buƙatar ɓarna kawai don tsari daga mummunan yanayi ko haɗari kuma don kiwo. Dan dawakai yana iya kwanciyar hankali a gandun daji. A kan Baikal, tsakanin sauran abubuwa, dawakai suna cin kifi, tsutsotsi da larvae. Babu wani tabbataccen lokacin dabbar ta hanyar kiwo, amma sun gwammace su haihu a farkon bazara. Duk iyayen sun haife jarirai. Monogamous. Kowane iyali suna zaune a "yankinsu". Idan akwai isasshen abinci, ana kula da "baƙi" cikin nutsuwa.

Mallard

Duck mallard babban dabbar kogi ne, girmansa kamar dabbar gida. Kawun namiji yana da baki tare da koren launin shuɗi, da ƙyallen ƙwarya, ƙwanƙashi ya zama rawaya, ƙafafu sun yi ruwan lemo. Matan mallard ducks an fentin launin ruwan kasa, tare da launuka masu duhu, shudi "madubi" a ƙarƙashin wutsiyar, beak mai launin ruwan hoda tare da tsakiyar duhu.

Mafi yawan mallard a Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka suna yaɗu sosai. Yana zaune a cikin ɗakunan ruwa daban-daban tare da ruwa mai tsabta da ciyayi mai wadatarwa, ya fi son wuraren da aka mamaye da reeds, cattail, reeds da duckweed, amma yana da ƙananan sarari tare da ruwa mai tsabta. Winlar mallard ta tashi zuwa wurare masu dumin gaske inda gawawwakin ba daskarewa.

A farkon bazara, kwari zuwa wuraren buɗa ido. Yakan gina gida kusa da ruwa, ƙarƙashin tsari na guguwa, gungumen itace, ƙarƙashin wani daji ko itacen Kirsimeti.

Mace tayi daga 8 zuwa 16-fararen qwai masu launin kore da sanya musu ciki har tsawon sati uku. Ducklings sun sami damar iyo daga haihuwa, kawai suna kama daga kwai kuma sun bushe, nan da nan suke bin mahaifiyarsu ga ruwa. Ducklings suna ciyar da kwari sosai akan tsutsotsi da tsutsotsi, waɗanda aka kama a cikin busasshen ciyayi na jihar bakin teku, inda ake kiyaye duk ɓarkewar mallard.

Daga arewaci da tsakiya na ƙasarmu zuwa yankuna masu ɗumi, duhun mallard yana tashi daga ƙarshen kaka. Ba sabon abu bane haɗuwa da duwatsun a cikin hunturu, dama a cikin gari, alal misali, a kan manyan wuraren masana'antu, inda kusan babu haɗari a gare su a cikin hanyar sauran dabbobi. A irin wannan lokacin hunturu, ma’aikata sukan ciyar da ɗamarar mallard, kuma daskarewa da ke haifar daskararre daga shagunan kamfanoni suna zama wurin ajiyar shi. Kuma abin mamaki ne cewa irin wannan datti na ruwa ya dace dasu.

Wuta

Siffar halayyar tsuntsaye ita ce kwalliyarta mai haske ta ruwan lemo-launin ruwan kasa a babban bangaren jikinta kuma tayi kyau a wuya da wuya. Baƙar fata da wutsiya suna da launin fure mai launin shuɗi. Beak, bakan gizo da kafafu suma baƙi ne masu launi, kamar fikafikan fuka-fukan kan fuka-fukan fuka-fukai. Rare da bakin hakora suna haɗe da gefen baki da baki. A cikin tsuntsaye, a cikin jirgin sama, fararen shimfidar filako masu girman gaske ana iya ganinsu cikin ƙananan ɓangarorin fikafikan (a kan tagar).

Wannan babban duck a kan manyan kafafu tare da gajeren gajere, dogon wuya da yanayin girman kai suna kama da karamin goge. A cikin lokacin mating, namiji yana fasalta da haɓakar zoben halayyar da ke wuyan wuyan wucin gadi, wanda yakan ɓoye lokacin juji na lokaci-lokaci, da kuma mace - tare da gashin fuka-fukan launi a gefuna na kai.

Wani fasalin halayen gobarar ita ce babbar murya, da a hankali take tunawa da makarin jakin. A cikin jirgin sama, suna fitowa da sauti mai zurfi "ƙungiya ...", suna juyawa zuwa maras tabbas. Mata suna da sautin magana mai amo.

Wutar duck tana samun abincinta a ruwa da kan tudu. Ya fi son abincin tsire-tsire: tsaba da kuma kore harbe na tsirrai da hatsi. Amma baya raina kwari: fari, kwari, da sauransu. A cikin ruwa yana bincika mollusks, crustaceans, ƙananan kifi har ma da kwaro.

A ƙarshen bazara, a kan gonakin da aka girbe, mai gonar yana ɗaukar tsaba na amfanin gona na hunturu da aka shuka ko farauta akan hanyoyi, yana yanke hatsi da aka zubar. Ogars sun gwammace su nemi abinci da daddare ko yamma, kuma su huta da rana. Kodayake an saki ogre daga kulawar iyaye bayan watanni 2 bayan haihuwa, sun zama masu yin jima'i kuma sun sami damar fara zuriyarsu kawai daga shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa.

Azumfalar gwal

Manyan manya manya masu iko wadanda ke da gindi mai kyau. Tsuntsayen manya suna da fushin fuska “mara hankali”. Gefen yana da ƙarfi, tare da tabbataccen lanƙwasa murhun. Yana zaune a gefen koguna, tafkuna da fadama. Sau da yawa ana samun sa a birane da filayen ruwa. Tsayin Jikin 55-75 cm, fuka-fuki 138-150 cm, nauyi 717-1525 g.

A cikin tsuntsu mai balagaggu, kai da kasan jikinsa sunyi fari lokacin bazara, a cikin hunturu kai da wuya tare da launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa. Tufafin nan launin toka ne, mai kama da na launin toka. Kyakkyawan tsarin baƙar fata a ƙarshen fikaffi ya ƙare zuwa gashin fuka-fukan 5-6. Babban tsananin gashin tsuntsu (na goma) yawanci yana tare da ƙarshen farin gaba ɗaya, maƙwabta (tara) - tare da babban isasshen farin tabo. A yawancin tsuntsaye, fararen “harsuna” a cikin webs na ciki na gashin fitsari na waje wasu lokuta ana haɗa su da farin pre-peak akan azzakarin azaba (tara). Yankin rabe mai baƙar fata a gashin tsuntsu na biyar yawanci shine gaba ɗaya ko kuma baya cikin ɓoye. Bakan gizo rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Ruwan buɗe ido ya yi launin rawaya, ruwan hoda, ko ja. Gefen rawaya mai launin shuɗi ne, tare da tabo mai ruwan lemo a ƙwanƙwarar ma'adanar kuma tare da farin haske. Kafafu suna ruwan hoda, rawaya ko launin toka-toka.

Komawa zuwa wuraren farauta (a gabar tekun Murmansk) a watan Maris. Edsungiyoyi na musamman a cikin mazauna, wani lokacin akan rufin gine-gine. Mace da namiji suna gina gida daga ganshin itace, ganye, mai tushe ko eka biyu da suka samo kusa da gida. Kwai kwanciya fara a farkon kwanaki goma na Mayu.A cikin cikakken kama, 2-3, ƙasa da sau 1 ko 4 ƙwai, launi wanda yake mai dumbin yawa ne, launin ruwan kasa ko launin kore a launi mai duhu mai duhu. Dukansu iyayen suna sanya kama don kwanaki 26-332. Chickks fara tashi daga kwanaki 38-45.

Tana ciyar da kifi, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, kajin da qwai, mollusks, berries, nau'ikan sharar gida. Sau da yawa da yawa a cikin kayan ƙasa.

Girma

Hazel grouse tsuntsu - da ke zaune a cikin gandun daji na Rasha. Hazel grouse tsuntsu ne mai girmansa, idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran tsuntsayen, game da hankaka. Launin gashinta mai launin toka ne kuma tana da layin rubutu, saboda wanda bishiyoyin suke yaduwa a jikinsu.

Godiya ga wannan ripple, ya sami sunansa. Namiji ya na da murfin kansa, da kuma tabo na baki a wuyarsa. Wingsaƙƙarfan fuka-fukai su ne m da gajere. Tana tashi don takaitaccen nesa, tana yin amo lokacin da take tashi, tana buɗe fikafikanta.

Yanki na rarraba gandun daji a Eurasia da Asiya. Hazel grouse tsuntsu ne wanda ke rayuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i, wanda yafi son cakuda da tsire-tsire masu tsiro. Yana jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, amma cikin neman abinci na iya yin gajeran wando. Girma tsuntsu, wanda ke rayuwa a cikin gandun daji, wanda ya ciyar da mafi yawan rayuwarsa a duniya, zai iya gudu da sauri. Kuma kawai idan kun tsoratar da tsakar gida, za su tashi zuwa ga itaciya, kuma za su yi dogon lokaci a cikin rawanin nasu.

Fritillas suna shirya mazaunin a ƙasa, a tsakanin katako da iska mai lalacewa, a cikin yankunan dajin da ba zai iya yiwuwa ba. Matar macen ta saka qwai 6-10, ta kange su har tsawon sati uku. Maza basa shiga cikin ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai kuma ba sa nuna damuwa ga kajin. Aya mace tana kula da kayana. Tana kare su daga masu hasara da kuma mummunan yanayi.

Kwari da lardinsu abinci ne ga kajin, su kuma suna cin gizo-gizo. Kajin na balaga, kamar tsuntsayen manya, suna cin abincin dabbobin da suka shuka - ciyawar ciyawa, berries, ganye, da sauransu.

Lokacin hunturu shine mafi wuya ga tsintsiya. Don tserewa daga tsananin sanyi, tsuntsaye sukan shiga cikin dusar ƙanƙara, suna fita daga shi lokaci-lokaci, don hawan bishiyoyi, don neman abinci. A cikin hunturu, mazajen hazel suna ciyar da alkama da katako mai adon abinci.

Ugo na zinare

Zuciyar zina ita ce mafi girman wakilcin danginsa: tsayin dansandansa ya kai cm 76 zuwa 3, kuma fuka-fukan ya kasance daga 180 zuwa 240 cm.Daga mata, kamar yawancin gaggafa, sun fi maza girma. Matsakaicin sanadin mace shine 6,7 kg, kuma namiji shine 4.6 kg. Lokacin da yake jujjuyawa, ƙarshen sashin ƙahon zinare ya yi kama da harafin Turanci S. Wutsiya tana da faffad'i kuma ta fi ta sauran gaggafa, a cikin jirgin tana buɗewa da fan. Umwaya yana iya zama mai launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a launi tare da gashin fuka-fukan da aka watsa a baya na kai da wuya.

Mafi yawan Garuruwan Arewa. Ana samun kusan kusan ko'ina a cikin Rasha, ban da Yankin Amur. Yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, gandun daji, wani lokacin kuma zai iya zama cikin hamada. Gida akan tsibiran gandun daji wanda ke kewaye da fadama.

Ugo na zinare manyan dabbobi ne. Udu masu launin zinare suna farautar hares, foxes, matasa ungulates, rodents da tsuntsaye iri-iri. Mafi munin makamansu makamansu ne na paws. Yankin da yatsan farkon wannan magabcin ya kai santimita 7 a tsayi, yana tare da su tsuntsu wanda yake yiwa mutum kisan gilla. Kuma gaggafa na zinari sune ƙarfafan gaske: sun sami ikon ɗaukar samarwa na kilogram 15 a cikin iska!

'Yan wasan Golden Eagles suna zazzagewa a sararin sama, suna neman ganima da idanunsu masu kyau. Bayan sun lura da yiwuwar farauta, nan da nan mafarautan suka juya zuwa jirgin da zai tashi da sauri, sannan su nutse tare da wasu fikafikansu Sukan kama dabbobi masu shayarwa a ƙasa, kuma tsuntsaye na iya fukawa su tafi. Mafi sau da yawa, mikiya ta zinariya tare da paw ɗaya tana kama wanda aka azabtar a bayan kai, na biyu kuma a bayan baya don karya kashin baya. Kusan babu abokan gaba.

Tsarkakken maciji

Saboda kyawun yanayin da ya dace da yanayin, ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin sassan duniya. Ana iya samun wannan ckin rarrafe mai ban sha'awa a cikin dazuzzukan Siiga na Siberiya da kuma tudun Kazakhstan, da kuma a cikin jejin Iran da Afghanistan. A cikin tsaunukan tsaffin ƙasashen mu na tsohuwar tarayyar Armenia, Azerbaijan da Georgia. Hakanan yana zaune a filayen shinkafa na kasar Sin.Wani fasali mai kyau shine kyakkyawan tsari da launuka da launuka iri-iri da launuka daban-daban na jikin wannan nau'in.

Matsayi na gaba ɗaya yana da launin toka tare da baƙar fata. Jiki ya kasance bakin ciki kuma yana da daskararren fuska ga taɓawa, wanda ke haifar da tsarin sikeli a jikin fata. Wannan kuma shine siyayyar fasalin wannan amarya daga wasu macizai. Tsawon macijin jikin 1.5 - mita 1.8. Ba shi da guba kuma yana da cikakken aminci ga ɗan adam.

Ya ji daɗi a cikin yanayin ruwa mai ruwa da kuma a kan rassan bishiyoyi. Ya fi son a zauna a cikin zurfafawar bishiyoyi, matattarar dutse da ƙamushin ƙasa. Danshi yana bushewa da kyau. Yana ɗaukar maraice lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi, yana karɓar makamashin da yakamata da zafi. Lokacin da zafi ke ɓoye.

Yana haifar da rayuwar yau da kullun kuma, kamar duk dabbobi masu rarrafe don hunturu, hibernates, wannan yana faruwa a watan Satumba - Nuwamba, ya dogara da mazaunin yanayi da yanayin yanayi.

Macijin, kamar kusan macizai, maɓoci ne. Tana farautar kananan dabbobi, macizai da tsuntsaye. Rashin zama mai guba, kashe su kafin hadiye ta hanyar ɓaci. Maciji ƙwararren masun kifi ne kuma ya haɗa da narkar da kifaye a cikin menu.

Hakanan baya raunin kwari. Yana cin ƙwai tsuntsu, ya haɗiye su duka. Akwai lokuta da yawa na cin naman mutane (cin irin naku).

Ruwa na ruwa

Vole na ruwa mallakar dangin hamster ne. Sunan ya samo asali ne saboda yana zaune kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa - a koguna, tafkuna da tafkuna. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwa, wannan dabba tana guje wa koguna, ta gwammace ta zauna a cikin ciyayi da lambun kayan lambu.

Wannan dansandan yana zaune a kusan daukacin yankin ƙasar ta Rasha - banda shi ne Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewa nesa da kuma Siberiya ta Gabas. A ƙasa Eurasia an rarraba zuwa gaɓar Tekun Bahar Rum. Don tsarin gidaje, yana haƙa ramuka, hakan yana lalata gonakin lambu da kayan lambu.

Tsawon jikin tare da wutsiya ya kai santimita 25, wutsiyar zata iya mamaye fiye da rabin wannan tsayin. A rodent yana da babban jiki da gajeriyar magana mara nauyi. Jawowar yana da kauri da kauri har kunnuwa basa iya ganinta a ƙarƙashinsa. Vole na ruwa yana da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. An rufe wutsiyar dabbar da gajeru da gashi mai kauri.

Jirgin ruwa mara kan gado yana yin yaduwa a cikin tsiron tsire-tsire, haushi bishiyoyi, ciyawar ciyawa, da albarkatun gona - babban yanki na waɗannan rodents zai iya lalata amfanin gona gaba ɗaya, saboda waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna cin abinci mai yawa. Hakanan suna lalata bishiyoyi, kamar yadda suke cin ƙusoshin gaba ɗaya a ƙarshen itacen. Wadannan sandunan, suna haifar da babbar illa ga ƙasar noma, suna faɗa. Kwayoyi masu guba ba su da mashahuri sosai, saboda suna iya cutar da tsirrai. A cikin manyan wuraren kiwo, ana amfani da masu siyar da ƙarfi na ultrasonic rodent, ana saka kowane irin tarko. Mutanen da suke da ƙananan lambuna masu zaman kansu galibi suna amfani da tarko don su yi yaƙi.

Altai pika

Vibrissas a cikin Altai pikas na tsawon matsakaici (50-65 mm). Tsarin ya bambanta sosai da launi da girma. Jawo lokacin bazara na launuka daban-daban na launuka masu launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa, hunturu - daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin toka, wani lokacin ana samun samfuran baƙar fata. Ciki tana da duhu sosai da wani abin rufe baki. Soles suna sanye da ulu mai launin shuɗi mai duhu. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 170-250 mm, tsawon kafafun baya shine 24-35 mm. Jimlar tsawon kwanyar ya bambanta daga 39 zuwa 58 mm.

Gaban kwanyar yayi gajere. Matsayin rikice rikice na kwanyar na lebur ne kuma mai fadi (4.2-6.0 mm, matsakaici na 12% na tsawon kwanyar). Fatin kwakwalwa yana kwance. Layi da motsi yayi gajere. Ana buɗe mabudin a gefunan ƙasusuwa na intermaxillary, an katse maƙullan buɗe ciki da buɗe ciki.

Ragowar burbushin halittun pikha na arewa an san su ne daga kogon “Dutsen Doki” a kan kogin. Chusovoy, i.e., mahimmancin kudu don rarraba wannan nau'in wannan nau'in akan Range na Ural.

Arewacin pika ana samunsa a yankuna tsaunuka, kan char da kuma yankin taiga, musamman a gaban talus daga manyan duwatsu. A arewacin Siberiya, ƙauyuka na pikas wani lokaci ba su da alaƙa da wuraren dutsen.Yana faruwa a wasu lokuta manyan yankuna. Kamar sauran nau'in halitta, yana yin ciyawa a lokacin hunturu, yana sanya su ƙarƙashin duwatsu ko cikin duwatsun dutse. Muryar ta ce kara mai kaifi idan aka kwatanta ta da wasu masu kallo tare da sautin katako. Kusan babu bayanai game da haihuwa.

Groundhog mai launin baƙi

Black-capped marmot shine dabbar dabba daga dangin squirrel na rodents. Wannan dabba kuma ana kiranta oriental or Kamchatka marmot.

Tsayin jikin ɗan farin marmot ya kai mm 600. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tsawon wutsiyar marmot mai launin baƙi shine 28% na tsawon jikinta.

A cikin fauna na Rasha, wannan shine mafi girma nau'in marmots. Mayafin yayi laushi, mai kauri da tsawo. Launin launi na sama yana duhu saboda ƙarshen launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa na gashi na waje. Painarshen jikin yana fentin a cikin sautunan ocher-tsatsa ko ocher.

Ulu a bangarorin yana da launi mara kyau. Jawo a cikin bangon baya yana yawan launuka a cikin sautunan ja mai haske. Saman fatar kai an yi masa zanen-baki ko baƙi. Yankin gundura na vibrissae da cheeks suna da haske, wani lokacin ma tare da jan launi. Kunnuwa suna da haske ja, tabo duhu yana gudana a karkashin idanun, iyakokin bakin suna duhu. Wutsiya tayi duhu a ƙasa, kuma saman yana da launi na baya.

A cikin mulkin mallaka, yawanci 4-5 shekara daya burrows, game da 10 m (na wucin gadi) burrows, kuma daya wintering burrow yawanci ba. Sarakunan yankuna suna can kudu maso yamma da kuma dusar dusar kankara ta tsaunuka, yawanci a tsawan sama da nisan mita 4200 sama da matakin teku. Gidaje da kuma rami na rami na hunturu ana samin zurfin cikin ƙasa wanda ke damuna. Yawan zafin jiki na wannan ƙasa a lokacin hunturu ya sauka zuwa -16 ° C, kuma a lokacin rani yana zafi sama da matsakaicin + 2 ° C. A lokacin rani, mafi kyawun dumama na motsawa yana sauƙaƙe ta babban adadin su kuma babban adadin fitarwa daga ramin. Kusa da darussan ƙasa ƙasa mai zurfi 40-50 cm zurfi fiye da sauran yankuna. Marmots suna yin ado na ciki na bangon dakin da ake amfani da su ta hanyar amfani da cakuda ciyawa da ƙasa.

Roi deer

Roer barewa karamin dangi ne na barewa tare da kyakkyawar jiki, kyakkyawar fuska da dogon kunne. Mafi yawan shekara, ana sa deer bare ko a ƙaramin rukuni. A lokacin wasannin mating, namiji yana yin al'ada, yana bin mace, wanda ke gudana a da'ira.

Roer deer ana kiyaye shi gaba ɗaya ko a cikin rukuni na kusan dabbobi goma. Su ne mafi yawan aiki da sanyin safiya da yamma - a irin wannan lokacin ana iya lura da su ba kawai cikin tsaftataccen daji da cakuda da gefuna ba, har ma a filaye, fadama, murna heather da gandun daji coniferous.

A mafi ƙarancin hatsari, maɗaukaki yakan ɗaga kansa kuma ya bincika a hankali inda sautunan shakku suke fitowa, yayin da kunnuwansa suke fuskantar wannan hanyar. Kadai maza ne kawai ke da kaho. Kakakin halaye tare da matakai guda uku sun bayyana a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar maza. Koyaya, kawai a shekara ta uku ta rayuwar dabbar sun isa cikakkiyar ci gaba.

Hornsanƙan matasa suna da fata mai laushi mai laushi wanda ke kwance ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa mai yawa daga tasoshin jini. A cikin bazara, ƙahonin suna buɗewa, kuma namiji yana neman tsarkake su daga fata, yana girgiza su a kan rassan rassan bishiyoyi. Roe de yakan yawanci tun da sassafe kuma da magariba. Tana cin ciyawa da yardar rai, ganyaye a kan ganyayyaki. Dabba ta kama abinci tare da ƙananan incisors da wuya a kan tauna a saman (a cikin dabbobi, manyan incisors ba su nan), kuma a cije ta.

A cikin kaka, lokacin da ciyawa ta zama karami, maɗaukaki yakan cinye ƙwayaye da sauran forestan itacen daji (acorns, chestnuts, blueberries, buckthorn teku, 'ya'yan itatuwa beech). Bugu da ƙari, menu na hunturu ya haɗa da itacen ɓaure, har da rutabaga da sauran albarkatu masu tushe waɗanda aka shuka a cikin filayen - har sai ciyawar ciyawa ta farko ta bayyana a ƙasa a cikin bazara. A lokacin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi, deer yakan ciro kananan rassan bishiyoyi.

A Turai, roe deer yawanci zauna tare da canji kawai makiyaya. A cikin hunturu, sun zaɓi ƙasa da dusar kankara, waɗanda ke da ƙarin bushes tare da matasa bushes. Yawanda suke zaune a tsaunuka suna yin ƙaura na lokaci. A cikin hunturu, suna gangara zuwa ƙananan bangarorin tsaunuka, inda suke samun ƙarin abinci.

Sable

Sable dabba ce mai tsinkaye tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai kyau, kayan farauta masu mahimmanci. Wannan dabbar tana ɗaya daga cikin 'dangi mafi kusa na' 'bishiyar marten - sable yayi kama da shi a bayyanar, wani ɓangaren halayen su ma ya zo daidai. Wutsiya, wacce take da matukar kyau a cikin gandun daji ko dutse, a cikin wannan dabbar tana da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawon tsayin jikin duka. Amma wannan, kamar yadda rayuwa ta nuna, ga ɗan adam bai taba zama mai mahimmanci ba, tunda sable yana da darajar gaske.

Sable ba shine mafi girma dabbobi masu shayarwa ba. Siffofin bayyanarsa sune kamar haka:

• tsawon jikin mutum shine 40-58 cm, yayin da mace yawanci kadan take da namiji,
• nauyin dabba ya kai kilogiram 2,
• Sable shugaban yana da kamannin hoto, da gani ya yi girma babba, da kyar aka nuna, kunnuwa suna da girma, suna da fadi-faifai, gefuna uku,
• dabbobin dabbobin suna da gajeru, kuma saboda haka ne kashin bayansa yake da yanayin sifa,
• kafafu suna da fadi da yawa a cikin sifa, yanayin farfajiya (musamman a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da fur ɗin ke rufe ko da gammaye da kusoshin), wanda ke da alaƙa da salon rayuwa mai sable.

Jawo dabbar yana da laushi, laushi, mai kauri. A launi ne gwada da monotonous - duhu launin ruwan kasa a kan jiki, baki-kasa-kasa a kan kafafu da wutsiya, yawanci dan kadan haske a kai fiye da kan jiki. A cikin hunturu, Jawo ya fi sauƙi, a lokacin rani ya yi duhu, saboda haka sautinta ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa-yashi zuwa launin ruwan kasa-baki. Babu wani halayyar da aka ambata alamar tabo, a cikin wasu mutane kawai suna nan kuma tana da ƙyalli, fasalin mai haske da launi mai sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da babban launi na Jawo.

Babu dabba ko tsuntsu da ke farauta don abinci. Amma yana da manyan masu takara biyu a lokacin farauta - ginshiƙai da kuskure. Tare da su, sable yana raba nau'ikan linzamin kwamfuta kamar haka. Don haka, idan ya gamu da daya daga cikin wadannan mafarautan, to don ya kashe “makwabta” da ba'a so, mai gidan zai bar abin da yake jira sannan kuma ya maida hankali ga abokan gaba.

Sig kifi ne na dangin Salmon. Ma'aikatu biyu suna zaune a cikin Baikal - Sig-pyzhyan da kuma farin kifin Baikal. Sun bambanta da yawan ƙwayar gill stamens da yawan sikeli a cikin layin ƙarshe. Sig-pyzhyan nau'i ne na kogi kuma yana ciyar da rayuwa cikin ƙaura akai-akai. Yana cin nasara a cikin koguna, kuma yana yawo a cikin tafkin. Baikal whitefish - tafkin tafki, yawo da tsalle-tsalle a tafkin Baikal.

An rarraba farin kifaye a cikin Kogin Baikal, amma mafi yawan kifaye suna rayuwa a cikin Barguzinsky, Chivyrkuisky bays, cikin ruwa mai zurfin Selenginsky da kuma a cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya.

Farin farin kifi ya kai kilo 10. Balagagge a cikin farin kifi na tafkin kogi yana faruwa ne ba a daidaita ba, maza sun zama masu yin jima'i cikin na biyar zuwa na shida, kuma mace a shekara ta bakwai zuwa ta takwas na rayuwa. Tsarin tafkin ya zama balagagge a shekara ta takwas na rayuwa. Haihuwa tayi daga qwai 35 zuwa 55 dubu.
Sig-pyzhyan na yin ƙaura zuwa kogin daga watan Agusta zuwa Oktoba, da farin kifin Baikal zuwa filayen Chivyrkuisky kuma zuwa Mukhor Bay a watan Satumba. Spawning yana tsawon watanni 2-3.

Kifi na farin kifi yana cin abinci a cikin mollusks, ƙananan gammarids, crustaceans, larvae kwari, da ƙananan kifin maraƙi.

Lenok

Lenok kifi ne na dangin kifi. Aka rarrabu cikin Kogin Baikal da harajin sa.

A cikin shekaru goma, yawan kifin ya kai kilogiram 2, kuma ta goma sha biyar - 5-6 kilogiram. Mafi girma daga cikin wadanda aka kama shine nauyin sama da kilogram 8 da tsayin mita. Lenok ya kai ga balaga tun yana shekara shida zuwa bakwai tare da tsawon jiki na tsawon 43-46 cm, nauyi 700-1000 g. Haihuwa ya dogara da shekaru da girman mace kuma ya kama daga 3 zuwa 12 dubu qwai. Lenk don tsallake ya hau zuwa cikin kogunan da ke gudu zuwa tafkin Baikal. Ciyarwa tana faruwa a watan Mayu-Yuni a yankuna masu daƙar dutse, cikin zafin ruwa na 2.5-9 ° C. a cikin zurfin 0.5-1.5 m. Abincin kifi na manya ya ƙunshi kwari, gammarids, caviar da ƙananan gobies, wani lokacin lenok suna cin ƙananan ruwa kuma mice da gangan cikin ruwa.

Taimen

Talakawa shuka, ko Siberian - kifi na al'adun Taimen na dangin Salmon. Aka rarraba ko'ina cikin tafkin. Tsawon kifin ya kai mita 2, nauyi fiye da 80 kg. Taimen shine mai cin abincin hali. Tana ciyar da kifi, haka kuma kananan dabbobi ba da gangan aka kama su cikin ruwa. Ya kai ga balaga tun yana da shekaru 5-6. A lokacin bazara, kifi ya tashi zuwa gabar kogunan da ke gudana cikin tafkin Baikal, mace suna sanya kwai a cikin ƙanƙannin furannin. Yawan haihuwa na ciyawar mata yakai qwai dubu 30.

Davatchan

Davatchan nau'in kifi ne na dangin Salmonidae. Tana zaune a arewacin yankin Lake Baikal, galibi a cikin yankin Frolikh Bay da kuma sassan gabar teku daga Kogin Totma zuwa Babban Angara, har ma a Yankin. Frolikha, wanda kogin babban kogin ya kwarara zuwa tafkin Baikal. Wata sabuwa ce ta Arctic char. Kifin ya kai tsawon cm 45. nauyi har zuwa 1 kg. Balaga yana farawa yana da shekaru shida. Yawan mace-mace daga kwalaben 350 - 1300.