Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Kifi mai ƙwanƙwasa |
Biyan kuɗi: | Harshen Cypriniphysi |
Superfamily: | Irin kifi-kamar |
Duba: | Masunta |
Masunta, ko damɓa (lat. Vimba vimba), nau'in nau'in kifi ne mai launin shuɗi daga dangin kifin.
Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na nau'in halitta, keɓaɓɓun ƙananan abubuwa ke bambanta su ta wurin zama:
Ya kai tsawon 60 cm kuma taro mai nauyin 3, matsakaicin shekaru shine shekaru 17.
Kifin kifi fari ne kuma mai daɗi, an sayar da shi bushe da ƙanshi.
Kifi na kasuwanci mai mahimmanci. Ana aiwatar da kamun kifi a lokacin huduba a watan Mayu-Yuni. An kama masuntan Bahar Maliya a cikin kwarin Don River, Kogin Kuban da kuma a Tekun Azov.
Suna tsunduma cikin halittar kifi a cikin kifaye.
Habitat
A cikin harkar kamun kifi da ichthyological, raw yana da suna na biyu - “masunta”. A cikin kasashen Baltic, inda ake kamun kifi sosai, ana kiranta "wimba". Ana samun masanin mashin a cikin jikkunan ruwa a sassan yamma da kudu maso yammacin Rasha. A cikin yankuna na arewacin da kuma Siberiya, ba a samo raw ba.
Ana samun mafi yawan jama'ar wimba a cikin ruwan:
A cikin Rasha, yankin arewacin wannan kifin yana iyakance ga Kogin Svir, wanda yake a Yankin Leningrad. Har ila yau ana samun nau'in rashin ƙarfi a cikin Lake Lake. Wannan kyakkyawan kifin dangin cyprinid an sami nasarar kama shi:
- a cikin Kudancin Lake Ladoga,
- a cikin Narva
- in Volkhov,
- a saman Gulf of Finland.
Wimba cikin adadi da yawa suna zaune a cikin koguna na arewacin yamma na Turai da kuma kudu maso yammacin Rasha. Ga masunta da ke zaune a bankunan Dniester da Bug, raw abu ne na kamun kifi gama gari. A cikin wadannan koguna, masanin ya zo wurin kamun kifayen da yawa ba ƙaranci ba ne. Hakanan ana iya kama wannan nau'in a cikin ƙananan ƙananan Dnieper, duk da haka, a tsakiyar da kuma saman wannan kogin, kamun kifi ba shi da kyau a cikin yanayi, saboda yawan adadin kifayen da ke toshe hanyar kifi.
Lokaci-lokaci, masunta waɗanda ke yin kamun kifi Don suna iya kama kifayen da bai ƙare ba. A cikin Kogin Kuban, a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, yawan kamun kifi ya karu sosai, wanda hakan na iya zama sakamakon daidaiton yanayin muhalli a yankunan da ke kewayen. Ana iya samun ƙaramin kifaye a cikin manyan tafkuna na arewacin, inda koguna irin su Narva da Volkhov suka shiga.
Vimba ta zaɓi kogi tare da tsaftataccen ruwan sanyi mai tsabta na matsuguni, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ba a taɓa ganin sa ba a cikin kudanci da arewacin Rasha. Wannan kifin yana jin daɗin ɗan nutsuwa a cikin ruwan da ke ɗan gishiri a cikin Tekun Baltic. A cikin Neman da yammacin Dvina, akwai nau'in kayan albarkatu na musamman wanda ba ya yin dogon ƙaura kuma yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin kogi, ba tare da shiga cikin matattarar ruwa na kusa ba.
Don mazaunin mazaunin dindindin, wimba tana zaɓar sassan kogin da ke da m tushe, inda zurfin shine mita 2 - 4. Daga cikin duwatsun, kifin yana neman abincin da ya saba:
- matsakaita-sized
- mollus
- kwari larvae.
A lokacin rani, masunta na iya canzawa gaba ɗaya zuwa ciyarwa akan algae filamentous. A lokacin ambaliyar, wimba ta matso kusa da gaci ko kuma ta ɓoye a cikin ƙananan wuraren, inda ruwan yake tsabtace.
Raw
Vimba vimba (Pall.)
Noma, in ba haka ba masanin masunta, yana da matukar mahimmanci ga mazaunan yammacin, kudu maso yamma da kuma ɗan kudancin Kudancin Russia, amma a arewa, har ma a cikin kogin. Bai taɓa haɗuwa da Volga ba, kuma Pallas mai yiwuwa ya gauraya shi da wani roach (cm. Roach). Daga cikin masu binciken Volga na gaba, ba wanda ya ambaci kifi, kodayake ba za a musun yiwuwar ƙetare shi ba. zuwa Volga ta hanyar canals. Hakanan baya cikin Siberiya, kodayake Valenciennes ya ce ya sami wannan kifin ne daga Ob. Wataƙila ya haɗa shi da cuku.
Hoto 133. Raw, masunta.
Hoto 134. Tushen hakora na gari ne.
Gabaɗaya, mahaifar kifin shine tsakiyar Turai. Ba shi da komai a Faransa kuma, a fili, yana cikin Spain da Italiya, amma shi talaka ne a cikin duk Jamus da Austria, har ma da Ingila da Sweden. A cikin Rasha, albarkatun kasa sun isa kan iyakar arewa a asalin tushen Svir kuma ba a sake samun shi a tafkin Onega ba, a saman Tekun Finland, a cikin Kudancin Ladoga, har ila yau a cikin Neva, Narova kuma musamman Volkhov, mallakar kifin talakawa ne kuma ya fito daga nan zuwa Meta, kuma watakila a cikin Volga na sama. A cikin Lake Ladoga, duk da haka, ya isa Kexholm, kuma a cikin Gulf of Bothnia, Biorneborg yana aiki a matsayin mafi girman matsanancin rarrabuwa. A cikin lardunan Ostseey, a yankin arewa maso yamma, Poland da kudu maso yammacin Rasha, adadin kayan albarkatun ya riga sun yi yawa sosai, musamman a Dniester da Bug, a cikin Dnieper ya zo a ƙasa sau da yawa kuma a saman ƙofar tuni ya kasance a cikin kaɗan, ko da yake ya kai Smolensk. Ko da sau da yawa, ɗan masanin yakan zo wurin Don, amma, duk da wannan, an kama shi da adadi mai yawa a cikin Kuban. Bugu da kari, ana samun wadataccen ruwan sha a wasu manyan tafkuna a arewa maso yammacin Rasha, alal misali. a cikin tafkin Ilmen, galibi a ɓangarensa na arewacin, inda ya zo da yawa daga Volkhov.
A cikin tsohuwar hancinsa, sanannen hanci, wanda ke rufe bakin, da ɗanɗana sauƙin rarrabewa daga sauran kifayen, kuma ana iya haɗe shi da ɗan kwalin kwalliya, wanda da gaske yake gabatar da wasu kamanni da shi. Amma furen ya fi bakin kifi girma sosai, yana da launi daban-daban da bakin ƙararraki mai kyau (tare da haskoki 15, a cikin syrtis 21-25), haka ma, bakin kofan, lokacin da aka buɗe, ba shi da zagaye amma siffar quadrangular, peritoneum yana baƙi kuma ya fi girma girma. Launin kayan abu ya bambanta sosai a cikin lokutan yanayi. A cikin bazara, kafin jefa caviar, yana ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan kifayenmu: duk baya yana baki tare da ita, tsakiyar ciki da ƙashin ƙyallensu ja ne, kuma maza suna haɓaka ƙananan sifofin hatsi a kan kawunansu, maɓallan gill kuma tare da gefan sikeli. warts. A cikin damina da damuna, bayan masun kifi yana da launin toka-toka, ciki mai launin farin ciki ne, kuma ƙananan ƙashin bayansa masu launin shuɗi ne. A cikin dukkan alama, abin da ake kira. blackam-eyed bream (Abramis melanops) (1), wanda Nordman ya gano a cikin koguna na Crimea (Salgir), ba ya ƙunshi nau'in halitta na musamman, amma gyaran kifi ne kawai. Tana da gajeren hancin da ƙasa ƙanƙanta, gaɓoɓin jiki, fatar kai da mafi ko ƙasa baƙar shimfidawa mai shimfiɗa a bayan ta, kuma ƙonewa, ban da na tsinkaye da ɗimbin (fari), suna da baki baki. Da wuya ya fi ƙafar ƙafa.
Kodayake raw yana da girma fiye da duk nau'ikan shunan fata, amma da wuya ya fi 7-9. da fam miliyan biyu, da sikeli, duk da haka, bisa ga shaidar masunta masu kamun kifi, sun sami karanci da fam 5, amma irin wannan sun riga sun zama da wuya. Wannan kifin yana da matukar tasirin gaske kuma yana raye-raye: a cikin koguna koyaushe yana manne da ruwa mai sauri kuma yana ɗokin samun ruwa, gabaɗaya, yana son sabo da ruwa mai tsafta, wanda ke bayyana rashinsa a cikin koguna na kwari Volga. Ba ta jin tsoron, duk da haka, da ruwa mai ƙarfin gaske kuma tana da yardar rai zaune a cikin yankuna da kuma manyan yankuna, musamman ma lokacin kaka. Abincin mashin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kwari iri-iri, crustaceans, tsutsotsi, mollusks, ƙasa da yawa yana ciyar da tsire-tsire masu ruwa.
Syrti spawn in mun gwada da marigayi - a kudu a watan Mayu, da kuma lardunan arewa maso yamma - a ƙarshen wannan watan ko kuma a farkon watan Yuni. Kafin wannan, a farkon lokacin bazara, suna tattara garken tumaki masu yawa da yawa kuma daga tabkuna da wasu wuraren kogi wani lokacin sukanyi nisa zuwa kogunan, domin a sanya su azaman kifin ƙaura. Koyaushe suna tsunduma ƙwai a cikin kogin, a wurare masu zurfi tare da maɓuɓɓugan ƙasa, akan ruwa mai gudana da sauri, tsabtacewa yakan wuce sati biyu kuma, ga alama, ana yin shi ne da dare. Kifi kifi ne karami (tare da poppy tsaba) kuma mai yawa da yawa: a cikin rabin-fam mata akwai har zuwa dubu 30 qwai. Kifayen kifi a koyaushe suna haɗe da duwatsun da suke lalata da su, kuma ta wannan, ba shakka, an fallasa shi a cikin hatsari da ƙarancin kifayen, har ma da tsuntsayen ruwa, fiye da kifayen da ke tashi a cikin ciyawa da kuma wurare marasa ƙarfi.
Cikakken bayani game da yadda rayuwar masunta take, kodayake sun watse sosai, zamu hadu da Terletsky, wanda ya lura masuniyar masunta a Zap. Dvina da Neman. Yin hukunci da kwatancinsa, nau'ikan kogunan da aka ambata ta fuskoki da yawa sun banbanta da na Kudancin Rasha har ma da wasu yankuna na arewa maso yammacin Rasha. "Raw," Terletsky ya ce, "kifayen kogi, aƙalla a cikin kwarin yamma Dvina da Neman, ba ya faruwa a cikin tabkuna. Dukansu don filin ajiye motoci da kuma a lokacin rani, ya zaɓi sosai whimsical, wurare na musamman, wanda zai iya zama da wahalar ƙaddara. Ainihin kiyaye shi cikin ruwa mai gudana, tare da kasan da aka rufe shi da babban jvira ko karamin dutse, tare da zurfin daban-daban. Tare da hauhawar ruwa a cikin ruwa, duk da haka, yana riƙe bakin tekun kuma ya shiga cikin matattarar ruwa. Ita, duka a gida da kuma a kan tafiye-tafiye, wanda ta fi sau da yawa fiye da sauran kifin kogin, koyaushe yana bin garken. Yawancin garkunan suriqun sun kasance a takaice dai gwargwado gwargwadon daidaituwarsu ne, kuma ba kasafai ake samun samari matasa a makarantun tsofaffi ko na tsaka-tsaki ba. Syaramin syrtinki, har zuwa shekara biyu, yana komawa zuwa zurfin zurfafawa, yana narkewa koyaushe a cikin yashi da tsakanin duwatsu, neman ƙyallen ƙwarya da ƙwari na kwari na ruwa, wanda suke ciyarwa. Saboda haka, ba safai ake samun nasara ba kawai, harma don haduwa da matasa kifaye, ”.
“Raw spawns a ƙarshen Yuni ko farkon Yuli. Ba wani kifi mai ruwa mai ruwa da aka shirya don wannan bikin kamar pike ko kwalliya (raw). Bayan wasu makonni biyu kafin istigfari, furen ya fara tabarbarewa kuma ya zama mai launi, kyan gani kuma ya fi kyau kyau. Yawancin lokaci farin launi-mai kaifin sikelin sa yana ɗaukar launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙwallan zinare kusa da gefuna da lokacin da ƙusoshin suka haɗu. ”
“A cikin Zapadnaya Dvina, motsawa ta musamman na fure shine abin birgewa yayin fure mai fure, yayin yajin launin alade da launi rasberi. Ko ruwa ya kasance babba ko karami, kwayar ta hau a wannan lokacin zuwa manyan harakokin Yammacin Dvina. Ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan haɓaka ana aiwatar da su da farko ta hanyar ƙaramin abu kaɗan, to, yayin girkewar hatsin rai, matsakaici da launuka rasberi sune mafi girma. Suna cewa: "akwai farji - cheryomovka, robin ko jagorar tafiya." Sun ɗauka cewa zai kasance a shirye, yana shirye don nan gaba don jefa ƙungiyar caviar, zai sami kansa wurin da ya dace da wannan a gaba, kuma kamar yana san kansa tare da shi, zai tafi nan da nan, don haka motsi da kansa zai ɗauki 'yan kwanaki kawai.
"Podust for spawning ba ya tara a garkunan, amma, kasancewa cikin wadancan manyan ko kananan ƙauyuka waɗanda caviar ta sami kanta (?), Na farko yawo a kusa, neman wuraren shakatawa, sannan kuma, jin kunya ga babban dutse ta hanyar, na yanzu ya zama kamar farar tarko, farar ƙasa, ɗayan bayan ɗayan, koyaushe yana kan dutsen da kansa, kamar kana neman ƙetarewa. Bakinsu masu launin bakan gizo mai haske a cikin rana, ko dai sun ci gaba ko sun bace a cikin ruwan da yake faduwa, saurin motsin wutsiya yana jefa kofofin walwala mai haske kwatsam. Yawancin lokaci podust yana jefa caviar da madara a lokacin sauri, gudanawar cascading, wanda ke ɗaukar su nan da nan. Neman wuraren da za'a dace don tsundumawa, yawanci yakan shiga manyan haraji na koguna a cikin manyan ƙauyuka, inda Jacques (Zhokhs, snouts) ya kama shi, an saita shi a wuri mai sauri.
Don haka cewa Jacques ba zai zama mai faɗi ba kuma zai iya kasancewa a kusa da shi duk da cewa karamin cascade, wanda a wancan lokacin ya jawo hankalin tsintsiyar, yawancin lokaci ana cika shi da allura (?) Daga rassan da aka rufe da ganye ko allura. ”
Rayuwa da kamun kifin ruwa mai tsabta. - Kiev: wallafa Gidan wallafe-wallafen Gidan gona na SSR na Ukrainian. L.P. Sabaneev. 1959.
Bayyanar
Abu ne mai sauki a bambance raw daga sauran wakilan dangin cyprinid ta hanyar hanci mai yawa wanda yake shiga bude bakin. Saboda wannan fasalin, a mafi yawan lokuta ana rikita shi da kwarjini, wanda ke da irin wannan fasali ga baka. Babu alamun alamun bambanci tsakanin masunta da kifayen kifi sune:
- jiki mafi fadi tare da launi daban-daban,
- karin haskoki a cikin fin fin (idan akwai haskoki 15 a cikin fin, to kayan aikin sun fi 20),
- nau'in bakin da ke bakinsa (yayin da bakin yana da bakin kwarya a hanci),
- mafi kyawun Sikeli.
Launin wimba na iya canzawa duk shekara. Kafin tsallakawa, jikin wannan kifin yana zane mai launi mai haske, mai mahimmin launuka masu launin ja da ruwan lemo. Kamar sauran wakilan wakilin cyprinid, gashin kai da gill na maza wimba sun zama mawuyacin taɓawa yayin yin ɓarna. Bayan lokacin ɓarnar, launin ƙushin ya ragu kaɗan. Tare da ruwan sanyi na kaka, da albarkatun ƙasa sun sami wuta mai haske, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Farfin ventral da na fil ya zama bakin ciki.
A yankin ƙasa mai masifar Crimea akwai wadatattun albarkatun ƙasa - na fata ido-baki. Wannan nau'in ya bambanta da wakilan babban rukuni ta hanyar rashin babban hanci da ragowar jiki. Kari kan hakan, shugaban bera mai launin fata mai launi ne mai duhu, kuma ventral da na pectoral suna da iyaka baki. Matsakaicin tsawon mutum na wannan nau'in da wuya ya wuce cm 30. A cikin wasu wuraren rami akwai giciye tsakanin wimba da sardo. Waɗannan halayen ana nuna su da launi mara kyau da fin fin fin fin.
Masunta sun sami nasarar kama samfuran wimba wanda girmansa ya wuce alamar kilogram biyu, duk da haka, matsakaicin girman wannan kifin ya kai 30 cm tare da nauyin 600-800 g. A yankuna da yawa, kifayen ɗanyen sun kasance nau'in halittun da haramtaccen kamun kifi ne, wanda dole ne a la'akari da masunta da suka taru don kama wannan. kifi.
Ciyarwa
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan cyprinids, wimba spawning yana farawa a ƙarshen lokacin da zafin jiki na ruwa ya kai digiri 18-20. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, lokacin shakatawa yakan faru ne a ƙarshen Mayu, kuma a arewa-maso-yamma a farkon-tsakiyar Yuni. Kafin ya tsallake, masanin ya samar da manyan garke kuma ya fara hawa kogunan. Irin wannan halayen yana da asali ne kawai ga nau'in kifin da ke ƙaura. Irin waɗannan makarantu ana kafa su ne bisa ka'idodin shekaru, sabili da haka, mutane masu girman daidai suna kasancewa a cikin gungun kifayen da suka kusanci wurin ciyar da su.
Idan roach da irin kifin carpine sun yi zurfi cikin zurfin zurfi, suna kwanciya ƙwai akan tsirrai na ciyawar ruwa, to yanayin wimba yana da bambanci sosai. Nama yana sanya ƙwai akan rapids na kogin, inda zurfin zai iya kaiwa mita biyar ko fiye. Qwai da aka kwantar, tare da taimakon wani abu mai narkewa tare da tsutsa, an tsayar da su sosai a cikin duwatsun da dutse, wanda ke hana rushewar ta babban rafi na ruwa. Bugu da kari, qwai da aka aza a cikin daskararren dutse ba zai zama mai yiwuwa ga mai shayar da ruwa da sauran kifayen ba.
Tsarin yaɗuwa na iya wuce kimanin sati biyu, yayin da manyan mutane sune farkon waɗanda suka sa ƙwai. Raw spawns kawai da dare. Kayanta ƙanana ne ƙanana. Kifi na-matsakaici na iya sa kimanin ƙwai dubu 30, waɗanda suka zarce girman sauran wakilan wannan nau'in. Fry hatched daga qwai, na farko shekaru 2 na rayuwa bi da wannan shafin inda aka haife su. Idan mafi yawan lokuta kifayen kifayen ana iya ganinsu cikin ruwa mai daci da rana, toshe kifayen diyan suna zama marasa ganuwa ga idanun angler.
Wannan kifin ba abu bane na kamun kifi na masana'antu, saboda yawan jama'arta yana da ɗan ƙarami. Ana kamun kifi yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan ruwan kifayen da ba su da kyau. Yana da kyau musamman a cikin soyayyen da bushe.
Hanyar kamun kifi
Tun da albarkatun kasa sun manne ga wuraren da ke da tsaftataccen ƙarfi na yanzu, yakamata a aiwatar da kamun kifin da ya dace, da barin ƙungiyar ta ciyar da ruwa yadda ya kamata. Zai fi kyau kama Wimbu akan Bologna ta zamani da kayan masarufi. Kayan zamani zai tabbatar da ingantaccen ciyarwar bututun da zai kai wurin kamun kifi kuma zai kawo masunta mai daɗin gamsuwa matuka lokacin kunna kifin.
Bologna sanda kamun kifi
Maganganun Bologna suna da kyau don kama wimba akan ƙananan koguna tare da matsakaici na yau da kullun, inda jefa kifi na 15-20 m ya isa sosai don samun kifi zuwa wuraren ajiye motocin su.Yunkurin Bologna don kamun kifi na wimba ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa:
- wani dogon kamun kifi na Bologna 6-7 m, sanye yake da daskararre 3000 marasa amfani,
- babban aikin kamun kifi tare da diamita na 0.16-0.18 mm:
- daskararre-mai siffa ko mai sihiri tare da jigilar 4-12 g,
- nunin faifan lu'u-lu'u,
- mabuɗin silicone beads,
- matsakaici sized swivel
- jagora daga layin kamun kifi na iska tare da kauri daga 0.12-0.16 mm,
- ƙugiya.
Lokacin yin kamun kifi a cikin raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi, ya zama dole a yi amfani da ƙararrawa masu ƙararrawa tare da ɗaukar ƙarfin fiye da 10 g, don haka kewayon gwajin sanda na kifi da aka yi amfani da shi don murƙushe albarkatun ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance 10-25 g, wanda zai sa ya sauƙaƙa jefa kayan aiki mai ƙarfi da kuma sarrafa motsin sa yayin aikawa. Tunda kamun kifi a cikin igiyar ya ƙunshi maimaita yawan layin babban kamun kifi tare da ƙasa mai ƙima, kar a yi amfani da tsinkayyar ƙasa na bakin ciki, saboda zasu zama marasa amfani da sauri. Babban kamun kifi na monofilament tare da diamita na 0.16-0.18 mm ya dace don daidaita sandar kamun kifi na Bologna.
Dropan amai mai fasalin-ruwa ko mai sihiri ba shi da saukin kamuwa da matsawar ruwan da aka ambata sannan kuma ya fi kwanciyar hankali a yanayin yanayi mai ƙarfi. Eriya na na'urar siginar Bologna zata sami buloyan kansa, wanda zai ba da izinin nau'in igiyar waya.
Matattarar mai shunin lu'u-lu'u zai iya cutar layin kamun kifi yayin kamun kifi, saboda haka, dole ne a saka cambric silicone cikin rami ta hana rakumi daga lalacewa. Dutsen silicone wanda ake gabatar dashi a cikin karye-sauyen yana hana taron gubar su fashe taron haɗin. Kyakkyawan sauyawa yana hana karkatar da tabarma yayin aikawa.
Ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman zuwa tsayin leash, wanda yakamata yakai 60-90 cm .. Irin wannan doguwar leash yana bawa ƙungiyar ƙarin wasa akan hanya, saboda abin da ciyarwar ke lura da ƙira da sauri. Tunda muna magana ne game da kama kifi mai ƙarfi da manyan, bai kamata kuyi amfani da leashes thinner fiye da 0.12 mm ba, tun da amfani da leashes na bakin ciki ya cika tare da tsawan dutse da taron haɗuwa.
Wimba koyaushe yana tayar da hankali sosai yayin yaƙin, don haka angler ya guji amfani da ƙugiya ƙasa da A'a. 12. A cikin yarda da amfani da wajen manyan manyan ƙugiyoyi, gaskiyar cewa galibi ana kama kifaye akan manyan ƙabilu ma yana magana. Tsarin taro na kayan kamun kifi shine
- an ɗoraɗa kan ruwa a kan babbar ruɗin,
- an sanya matattar maɗaukaki akan layin kamun kifi,
- an saka dutsen rufe makulli
- swivel an haɗe zuwa ƙarshen babban layin,
- leash tare da ƙugiya an haɗe shi da swivel.
An daidaita kayan aikin domin nesa daga matattarar ruwa zuwa kan ruwa mai fiɗa shine 0.5-1 m sama da ainihin zurfin a wurin kamun kifi. A yayin yin posting, injin wanka yana jan ruwa zuwa gindin kogin, kuma leash tare da ƙugiya yana biye da shi. Godiya ga zanen mai zamewa, matattarar kifin ana tura shi nan take zuwa kan ruwa.
Kayan ciyarwa
Sau da yawa akwai yanayi idan koda kifi akan ƙaramin kogi, bai fi girman m 50 ba, don isa ga kifin, masanin ya buƙaci jefa kayan aiki 30-40 m.Ina irin wannan yanayin na iya faruwa idan gadon kogin ya ƙetaren bankin da ke gaba kuma gabaɗaya kifin yana cikin sashi tashar. A wannan yanayin, yana da ma'ana don amfani da kayan ciyarwa, wanda ya haɗa da:
- 40-100 g kullu feeder sanda, 2.7-3.5 m tsawo, sanye take da wani 3000 jerin inertialess kwanya,
- babban igiyar da aka ɗauka da dutsen da 0.12 mm,
- mai rufe rufe rabin abinci mai nauyin 30-80 g,
- ƙugiya leash.
Rodaƙƙarfan tanti mai ba da ƙarfi yana ba ku damar jefa mai ciyarwa mai nauyin 80 80 zuwa nesa na 60 m. Mai ba da fitila mai nauyi lokacin da ya cika damƙar ya zama dole don kiyaye madaidaiciyar a maɓallin da yake a yanzu. Kada kuyi amfani da igiya mai kauri don wannan kamun kifi, saboda wannan zai kara matsin lamba akan mahallin kuma zai rage hankalin sa sosai.
Abubuwan da suke buƙatu iri ɗaya suna aiki da leash tare da ƙugiya kamar lokacin kamun kifin Jirgin Bologna. Tunda kamun kifi yana faruwa a cikin rafi inda kifin ya ɗauki ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da wanda yake cikin ruwa mai tsafta, bai da ma'ana ya yi amfani da layin leƙan da ke ƙasa da amfani da ƙananan kulle.
Yawancin anggers suna aiki a cikin wimba kama kifi daga kankara. Kifi a Ice Ice ba shi da fa'ida fiye da kamun kifi a cikin ruwa, amma kuma yana da ban sha'awa. Kama mai masunta daga kankara a kan yadda za a iya samar da abincin masara. Mai ba da lokacin hunturu ya bambanta da abin da ake amfani da shi a lokutan dumin ta hanyar wadataccen mai ba da wuta mai nauyin 10 zuwa 30 g a cikin kayan.Fari da haka, maimakon dogayen kamun kamun kifi, ƙaramin kamun kifi mai tsayi tare da tsayin kusan 60 cm tare da amfani da fiberglass mai sassauƙa. Madadin madaidaiciyar matattarar marasa amfani, ana amfani da nau'in hunturu na “mai ninka” akan irin wannan takaddar. Ragowar kayan aikin mai ba da hunturu daidai yake da wanda ake amfani dashi don kamun kifi a cikin ruwa.
Raw, kamar dukkan wakilai na cyprinids, yana ba da amsa ga cakuda na koto. A matsayin naɗaɗa, zaku iya amfani da kayan haɗin da aka saya da kayan haɗin gida waɗanda aka tsara don jawo hankalin shayarwa ko roach. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa tunda kamun kifi yana faruwa a cikin mashigan ruwa mai ƙarfi, yana da mahimmanci don ƙara ƙasa mai nauyi a cikin cakuda koto, wanda ba zai ba da damar kwararar ruwa da sauri don cire ɗakunan abinci a yankin kamun kifi ba.
Kamar yadda bututun ƙarfe don kamun kifi, ana amfani da tsutsa ko tsutsa. Jikin jini da na sha'ir lu'ulu'un da aka dafa kamar baƙi ne.
Idan masanin ya sami sa'ar kasancewa a kan kogin inda aka samo ɗan kifin, to lallai ne ya yi ƙoƙarin kama wannan kifin mai kyan gani. Kafin tafiya kamun kifi, yakamata ku karanta ka'idodin kamun kifi kuma ku tabbata cewa a cikin yankin kamun kifi da aka gabatar, ba a kunshe kayan ƙasa a cikin jerin kifayen da aka haramta kamun kifi ba.
Bayanin Kifi
Masanin ya kai tsawon 60 cm tare da nauyin jikinsa mai nauyin 3 kilogram. Ba zai wuce shekara 17 ba.
Siffar halayyar kamannin kifin hanci ne, wanda yake cike da bakin wannan kifin. Ta wannan hanyar ne kifayen ke cikin sauƙin rarrabewa daga duk sauran ruwan kifin na ruwa (fata, scythe, raguna, da sauransu). Haka kuma, bakin kifin yana jujjuyawa, kai yana da tsawo.
Hakanan kamun kifi yana da tsattsauran matsayi, wanda ke rufe manyan kyawawan abubuwa. Dorsal fin da tsayi.
Amma ga launin kifin, gaba ɗaya launin launin toka ne. Koyaya, inuwa ta canza dangane da lokacin shekara. A ranar hawan ci, a lokacin bazara, an rufe bangon mashin tare da launin baƙi, kuma tsakiyar ɓangaren ciki da ƙananan ƙashi sun sami ja mai ɗanɗano. Maza yayin tsinke a kawunansu, murfin gill kuma gefuna da sikeli suna da "kayan mating" a cikin ƙananan warts masu sikelin hatsi.
A ƙarshen kaka, ƙarshen kifayen sun sami launin shuɗi-maraƙi, ƙananan ƙashi ya zama launin rawaya, ciki ya zama fari-fararen fata.
Rayuwar kifi
An kamun kamun kifi musamman a cikin bazara da bazara. A wannan lokacin, yawancin adadin kifayen suna barin tabkuna don koguna, kuma a cikin hunturu sun gwammace su dawo zuwa lakuna.
Masunta suna la'akari da kifi a matsayin kifi tare da ladabi da rayuwa mai kyau. A cikin koguna, zai iya tsayawa a wurare tare da ƙaƙƙarfan halin yanzu har ma a kan abubuwan hawa. Yana zaune a cikin tafkunan ruwa mai tsabta, a wurare cikin yashi ko m ƙasa. Wasu lokuta ana sa shi cikin rami a zurfin zurfin ruwa.
Wannan kifin yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa mai birgewa. Tushen kifayen mutane suna wakiltar mutane kusan guda ɗaya da shekaru ɗaya, wani lokacin ma suna da yawa.
Typesarin nau'ikan kwari, mollusks, tsutsotsi, ƙananan crustaceans suna cikin abinci na masunta. Tare da abinci mara kyau, masunta na iya canza zuwa algae.
Fishe spawning a watan Mayu-Yuni. A ƙarshen haɓakar tsallake-tsallake, kifaye sukan taru a cikin manyan makarantu kuma su shiga cikin koguna. Mace yawanci yakan cinye ƙwai a bakin kogin, a cikin wurare masu sauri da kuma ƙasa mai dutse, wani lokacin ma a zurfafan zurfi. Kifayen kifi yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni biyu, yana faruwa ne da dare.
Kifi kifi yana da ƙanana, kamar ƙwayar poppy, amma da yawa. Femaleaya mace mai nauyin 600 g na iya cinye ƙwai dubu 30.
A abun da ke ciki na kifi (da 100 g)
Darajar abinci mai gina jiki | |
Kalori, kcal | 88 |
Sunadarai, g | 17,5 |
Fatalwa, g | 2,0 |
Ruwa g | 70 |
Macronutrients | |
Magungunan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta | 165 |
Sulfur, mg | 175 |
Gano abubuwan | |
Mitar zinc | 0,7 |
Chromium, mcg | 55 |
Fluorine, mcg | 430 |
Molybdenum, mcg | 4 |
Nickel, mcg | 6 |
Bitamin | |
Vitamin PP (kwatancen niacin), mg | 2,905 |
M kaddarorin kifi
Ana iya kama masan kifi kifi da ke da amfani ga mutane. Naman sa yana da babban furotin, wanda ba shi da karanci ga furotin nama a cikin abun hadewar amino acid. Haka kuma, naman kifi kusan bashi dauke da kitse mai danshi, wanda yake da matukar muhimmanci dangane da yin rigakafi da magani na atherosclerosis. Hakanan an nuna kifin don hauhawar jini, edema da sauran matsaloli masu alaƙa da cututtukan cututtukan zuciya. A cikin irin waɗannan halayen ne kawai ya zama dole a ci shi stewed ko Boiled, saboda kyafaffen, bushe da kifi mai gishiri zai iya cutar da marasa lafiya kawai.
Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori mai kifi kadan ne, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar shi cikin abinci mai gina jiki.
A ina aka samo kifin da rarraba shi?
Akwai mahimman fannoni huɗu na mai Farko, wanda ya bambanta ta wurin zama, da ƙananan bambance-bambancen yanayi:
- Karamin masunta na Bahar Maliya (galibi yana zaune ne a cikin kwandunan Baƙar Baƙi da Azov),
- Masanin Kifi na Caspian (mazaunin Baspian Basin),
- karamin masunta (Basasar Bahar Maliya),
- raw (gama gari ne a cikin tasoshin Arewa da Tekun Baltic).
Kifayen mai, ko mai kamun kifi, na iya zama ɗan kifin tsarkakken ruwa, ko kuma kifin ƙaura, ko kuma rabin kifi. An samo shi a cikin jikin ruwa na tsakiyar da gabashin Turai, a Rasha an rarraba shi sosai a cikin Yankin Kudu maso Yamma da Kudancin Yankin, kuma ana samun shi sau da yawa a cikin kwandunan Caspian, Baltic da Tekun Arewa. Yawancin mutanen da ke wucewa yawanci ya fi girma fiye da ruwan tsarkakakken yanayi, suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna kusa da nesa, inda matakin gishirin ruwa ba shi da yawa.
Ta yaya kuma menene kifi ya kama?
An kama kifi (ya danganta da yankin zama) yawanci tare da farkon zafi, lokacin da kifin ya tafi ƙananan bangarorin tafki ko ya hau tare da kogin don tsinke. Kafin tsallewa, zhor yana farawa a cikin kifin, kuma a wannan lokacin ya fi kyau.
Wajen kamun kifi ya kasance tare da gudana, ruwa mai tsafta. Mafi kyawun lokacin ranar kama kifi shine sanyin safiya, kuma zuwa maraice. Don samun ƙarin 'yanci a zaɓar wurin kamun kifi (musamman ma lokacin kaka lokacin da kifin ya tafi wurare masu zurfi), yana da kyau a sami jirgin ruwa.
Yawancin lokaci suna kama ƙasa (masu ciyarwa), da kan ruwa (yawanci kera) kaya, da rigs-rings sun tabbatar da kansu sosai. Tunda Rybnik kifi ne mai hankali, yawancin masunta suna bada shawarar yin amfani da leashes (daga 50 zuwa 90 santimita) leashes don kada lokacin kifin da kifin baya jin juriya daga kaya.
Don ciyarwa, zaku iya amfani da ƙarfe, tare da ƙananan spikes (saboda ba a bugu da su na yanzu), masu ciyarwa. A cikin abinci mai cike da takaddama, dole ne a sami guda daga cikin abubuwanda ake amfani da su azaman katako (yankan jini, tsutsotsi, maggots, da sauransu).
A matsayin saiti, ana ciyar da abinci irin na dabbobi, irin su magudanan jini, maggots, tsutsotsi da mollusks, amma a lokacin rani kyakkyawan kama ma yana yiwuwa akan baitsar shuka (masara, gyada, sha'ir, ƙullu, ƙwalla, Semolina, da sauransu). Lokacin yin kamun kifi, kuna buƙatar yin la’akari da yanayin abinci da ƙasan abinci, bi da bi, ƙungiyar ya kamata ta kasance a gindin ko a sama daga ita.
Bayanan Lafiya na Kifi
Duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan kifin yana raguwa da sauri a yanayin yanayi mai kyau, kyawawan halayen ɗanɗano yana mai da shi babban abin sha ga masun masunta. Tabbas, naman Rybtsa na kayayyakin abinci ne, yana da kusan furotin guda kawai kuma kawai Kilogiram 88 . Yana da mai, mai taushi, mai daɗi da daɗi, ana iya soyayyensa, gasa, dafaffen kunne, amma ana yaba shi sosai a cikin bushe da kyafaffen. Saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da fluorine, Vitamin PP, amino acid mai mahimmanci da kuma ƙoshin mai da ba shi da kyau, ana iya ba da shawarar a cikin abincin don kowa, amma zai kasance da amfani musamman ga marasa lafiya da cututtukan osteoporosis, rickets, atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini da cututtukan zuciya.
M kaddarorin da abun da ke ciki na kifin
Kifin kifi ya ƙunshi furotin da yawa, wanda a cikin darajar abincinsa za'a iya kwatanta shi da furotin na nama, har ma fiye da haka - furotin na kifi bai ƙunshi kitse mai cutarwa ba, ya ƙunshi mahimmancin amino acid, wanda ba tare da cikakken cikakken aiki ga jikin ɗan adam ba zai yiwu ba. Wadannan amino acid din sun hada da lysine, methionine, taurine da tryptophan. Taurine shine amino acid mafi amfani, wanda, kamar iska, mutane ke buƙata daga atherosclerosis, edema, hauhawar jini da sauran matsaloli tare da tsarin zuciya. Saboda haka, raw yana da matukar amfani ga mutanen da suke da matsalolin da ke sama. Bugu da kari, sinadarin dake kunshe a cikin kifi yana da sauƙin narkewa kuma cikin sauƙin digestible.
Kamar sauran mazaunan zurfafa na ruwa, masuniyar ta ƙunshi wasu bitamin, macro-da microelements, daga cikinsu akwai ruwan foorine. Kamar yadda kuka sani, jiki yana buƙatar shi don ƙarfin ƙwayar ƙashi da ƙyallen haƙori, da kuma lafiyar kwakwalwa da ƙwayoyin jini. Fluoride yana hana haɓakar hakoran haƙora, rickets da osteoporosis. Yawancin chromium an samo shi a cikin kifi, wanda ke taimaka wa jiki samun carbohydrates, inganta metabolism na jiki da kuma daidaita glucose, kazalika da molybdenum, wanda ke taimakawa hana ƙonewa.
Daga cikin bitamin dake cikin kifin, kawai bitamin PP, ko nicotinic acid, yana nan. Vitamin PP yana ɗaukar aiki a cikin carbohydrate da metabolism metabolism, yana daidaita ayyukan mai juyayi, yana haɓaka aikin kwakwalwa, da rage matakin mummunan cholesterol a cikin jini.