Redstart wani tsuntsu ne wanda ba a saba gani ba da kyan gani na ƙananan girma, wanda ke cikin tsarin Passeriformes. Ba kowane nau'in wannan tsuntsu ke samu ba a cikin Rasha; yawancin abin da ake kira masu tallafin kuɗi ba sa tashi cikin ƙasashenmu.
Mafi yawan akai-akai da aka ambata da tattauna tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in za a iya la'akari da kullun redstart (coot, lambu), chernushka da Siberian redstart.
Tsawon jikinta duka ya kai kusan 15 cm, kuma fikafin nisansa ya kai cm 24 24. Tsuntsu ya kai giram 20-25.
Ina ne redstart yake zaune
Kuna iya saduwa da wannan tsuntsu a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, amma yawancinsu suna zaune ne a Yankin Kudu maso Gabas na Asiya, kusan dukkanin yankin Turai, a China, Indiya, da Rasha.
Yawancin lokaci suna sake zama a waɗannan sassan inda akwai shimfidar wuri mai faɗi, duk da haka, su ma suna zaune cikin gandun daji, musamman ma a cikin gandun daji. Talakawan daji da aka wadatar da su da keɓaɓɓun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma suna dacewa sosai don sulhunan waɗannan tsuntsayen.
A cikin yankinmu, ana iya samun redstart na lambun a cikin wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, lambunan kayan lambu: babban abinda ke faruwa shine cewa akwai bishiyoyi masu dumbin yawa da ke girma.
A lokacin hunturu, redstart tashi zuwa kudancin sassa na tsibirin larabawa da kuma Afirka.
Akwai nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan tsuntsayen. Bambanci tsakanin duk wata hanyar waɗannan tsuntsayen daga wasu ita ce launi farar fatar asali, wacce take da haske da kyan gani fiye da sauran tsuntsayen.
Redstart yana da wutsiya ja mai haske, sauran raguna gashin fentin baki ne, fararen fata da launin toka. An yi imanin cewa launin mace yana da haske sosai fiye da ɗumbin mace.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin hunturu, tukwicin namiji na gashin tsuntsu ya zama ɗan ƙara haske. Redstart tsuntsaye ne masu aiki: basa zaune har yanzu, amma suna tashi kullun, suna haifar da yawan amo.
Menene wannan tsuntsu ke ci
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kwari da kwari: kwari, caterpillars, sauro, pupae na malam buɗe ido, da gizo-gizo da ƙananan katantanwa kuma ana iya danganta su da abincinsu. Wannan bawai yana nufin cewa wadannan kananan tsuntsayen suna cin kwari bane kawai, suna mamaye shi da babban jin dadi iri iri iri na kananan bishiyoyi da suka girma akan bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi.
Hanyar samun da cin abinci yana da ban sha'awa sosai, jan jan baya cin kwari: nan da nan, tsuntsu ya kama ganima, sa’annan ya ɗauke shi zuwa inda babu hadari. Babban irin ƙwaro shine ya fara bugunsa da bakinsa, ko kuma aka saka shi musamman akan doguwar ƙasa don nuna ɗanɗano. Ga ƙananan ciyayi ko kwari, za a sake yin gyara a ƙafafunsa.
Kafin a kawo ganima don ciyar da kawunansu, sai a sake jan baki a yanka a yanka a sara a kwari, sai a wannan kawai sai a tura wannan “puree” a bakin kogon 'ya'yansu.
Rayuwa da yankin rarraba
A cikin daji, redstart suna zaune a cikin gandun daji, marasa galihu a wuraren shakatawa na daji, a Turai da Asiya. Kuma a cikin arewa maso yamma na "baƙar fata". A cikin hunturu, sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan da ke da dumin yanayi, inda wakilan waɗannan tsuntsayen suka zama ruwan dare. Misali, silar jan Siberian akan wurin hunturu tafi Japan.
Tsuntsaye suna dawowa a cikin bazara lokacin da za'a iya samun isasshen abinci a cikin mazauninsu. Suna ba da izgili a cikin rassan bishiyoyi kuma suna ba wa wasu waƙoƙinsu, wanda ke bambanta tsabta da karin waƙa. Tsuntsaye sau da yawa ba su daina yin shiru ba da dare, don haka suna farin ciki da zafin rana daga Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuli.
Yadda redstart ke kiwo
Mafi sau da yawa, redstart suna gina mazaunin su a cikin ramin bishiyoyi daban-daban, wani lokacin ana iya gina makwunansu a ƙarƙashin rufin mazaunin ɗan adam ko a cikin tsarin da aka yi da katako (katako).
Cases na gina gida a cikin tushen Tushen ba sabon abu bane: ya dace a gyara kayan daga inda za a narkar da gidan. An gina shi daga ciyawa, twigs, moss, wani lokacin an samo zaren, igiyoyi, ulu ulu.
Namiji ya tabbatar cewa sauran tsuntsayen ba su zauna a cikin sabon gidan da aka gina ba, shi ma yana da alhakin tsabtar gidan da ake kira kajin a ciki wanda kajin ke zaune (a kullun yana cire duk abin da ba a buƙata a cikin rijiyar ba).
Tsuntsu ya fara kwanciya qwai a ƙarshen Mayu, a cikin ɗayan juji akwai ƙwai shida na launin shuɗi. Kyanke yana ɗaukar makwanni biyu, bayan wannan kajin na ƙyanƙyashe cikin gida don wani sauran kwanaki 15.
Mace da namiji suna ciyar da 'ya'yansu: suna kawo abinci ga kajinsu har sau 500 a rana. Iyaye suna bin kajin har sai sun fara tashi cikin karfin gwiwa suna neman abincinsu.
Fasali da Abincin
Tsawon jikin wannan tsuntsu, mai kama da harshen harshen wuta, yawanci baya wuce mil 150 mm. Yawanta ma ƙarami ne - g 19 kawai. Tare da irin waɗannan girma, lura da sake fasalin aiki ne mai sauƙi. Birdsan tsuntsayen “cin amana” launin shuɗi gashin fuka-fukai a cikin ciki da kuma “wutsiya” wutsiyar motsi. Kawunansu da baya suna furfura.
Tsarin mace da na miji sune ƙananan tsuntsaye masu bakin ciki, waɗanda za'a iya rarrabe su saboda halayen tsintsiya. Matar tana da inuwa mai launin shuɗi.
Abincin redstart ya hada da:
· Kuma azaman ƙarin abinci - berries.
Ptahs suna aiki a ko'ina cikin rana. Zaune suke a reshe ko zazzaɓi, suna murɗa wutsiyarsu. Bayan sun lura da kwaro, sai su daskare na ɗan gajeren lokaci, sannan su tafi su kama ganima. Za a iya amfani da behonsu don kamawa da kwari da midges a kan tsuntsu.
Don waƙa da ƙananan kwari da ke yawo a ƙasa, suna zaɓar ƙaramar haɓakawa: a cikin yanki mai katako - duwatsu ko ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi, kusa da gidan mutum - cornices ko ledges of gine-gine.
Kayan kiɗa na tsuntsu
Babban fa'idar redstart ita ce waƙar sa, wacce aka rarraba ta kashi uku: gabatarwa, ƙarshenwa da ƙarshe.
Idan ka lura sosai da yadda ake rera waka, zaka ga cewa sau da yawa maimaitawa take kamar wacce take waƙa da waƙoƙin wasu tsuntsaye.
Tsuntsaye suna raira waƙa kusan a duk tsawon lokacin, suna hutu kawai da dare, a zahiri 'yan awanni. Da fitowar rana, suna fara yin sihiri na waƙoƙin kyawawarsu, suna karkatar da wutsiyarsu da ƙarfi.
Da gari ya waye, lokacin da jannatin ta fara waka, launi mai ruri musamman yakan haskakawa daga haskoki na rana, saboda haka maƙarƙwalwar redstart ta sami sunan ta, saboda daga haɗuwar wutsiya ruwan lemo da haske, suna iya cewa gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsayen suna kama da haske.
Yawancin maza suna rera waƙa, suna iya yin waƙoƙi kusan 500 a cikin kwana ɗaya.
Amfani da Redstart ga mutane
Wannan tsuntsu yana da amfani sosai ga lambun da tsiro iri iri, kamar yadda tsuntsu baya cin ciyawar kore, kamar sauran nau'in tsuntsayen.
Mutane suna farin ciki lokacin da wannan tsuntsu ta sauka kusa da gidansu na bazara ko kuma lambun, saboda yana lalata kwari da zasu iya cutar da bayyanar amfanin gona mai kyau (waɗannan sun haɗa da kwari, gwoza, sauro da kuma kwari waɗanda suke cin ganye).
Ara aku
Sunan Latin: | Phoenicurus |
Sunan Turanci: | Redstart |
Masarauta: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Class: | Tsuntsaye |
Kamewa: | Takardar Bayar |
Iyali: | Flycatcher |
Kyau: | Redstart |
Tsayin jiki: | 10-15 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 8 cm |
Wingspan: | 25 cm |
Weight: | 25 g |
Abin da ke da ban sha'awa da baƙon abu a cikin wannan tsuntsu
- Mai gani a cikin madubi kwatankwacin jikinsa, jajal na iya riskarsa da wani hari,
- Mace sun gwammace su kama kwari a kan doron ƙasa, yayin da namiji zai kama kwari da gudu,
- Redstart zai iya nestlings na wasu tsuntsaye (alal misali, ƙananan cuckoos) tare da nasu: ciyar da su, koya musu abinci da tashi.
Redstart yana daya daga cikin tsuntsayen shahararru masu ban sha'awa da za'a iya saninsu; launin sa ba zai iya rikita shi da launi wani tsuntsun ba!
Menene kamarsa
Redstart ana iya gane shi cikin sauƙi, shi karamin tsuntsu mai dauke da wutsiya ja. Wani fasali mai kyau na redstart shine launi na wutsiya da ciki, suna da wadatar ja, baya yana launin toka. Duk da wannan, matan sun fi launin ruwan kasa launi. Yayin tafiyar daga reshe zuwa reshe, alamar jan aiki tana jujjuya wutsiyarta, da alama tana haskaka wuta mai haske a rana, sannan zata daskare. An sake kiranta redstart ne saboda cikakken launi na wutsiya, da alama tana '' wuta '(wutsiyar tana konewa).
Daga cikin maimaitawa, akwai wasu nau'ikan daban daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da launin sakewa na launin toka (na gama gari), redstarted redstart, Siberian redstart, redstart redstart, redstarted coot, redstart coot. A lokaci guda, duk sun bambanta a cikin siririn siriri, beak mai kama da ƙarami tare da ƙarami a ƙarshen, dogo da kafafu.
Blackstart redstart
Blackstart redstart ko blackstarted redstart mafi yawa ana samun sa a Turai da Tsakiyar Asiya. Ta kasa da gizo-gizo kuma tana nauyin gram 14-19. Namiji yana da babba a jikinsa mai duhu launin toka, goshi, amarya, kunci, wuya da goiter baki ne, wutsiyar tana zane a launi mai launin shuɗi-mai haske tare da ɗigon baki. A lokaci guda, mace tana da fararen launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, ban da jan kyallen da hasken alkyabba mai haske.
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a shimfidar wuraren dutse:
- dutse mai arziki
- a kan duwatsun dutse
- a kan gangara tare da sako-sako da pebbles
Hakanan ana samun su a ƙauyuka, inda galibi galibi suna cikin masana'antu da bangarorin gini, buɗe wuraren da keɓaɓɓun gine-gine kamar bututun masana'anta ko kuma majami'u. Blackstarted Redstarts an ajiye su shi kaɗai kuma a cikin nau'i-nau'i.
A cikin Ukraine, ana daukar redstart redstart a matsayin wani farauta, nau'in tsuntsayen ƙaura wanda ke faruwa a duk ƙasar.
Waƙar tana da kyau sosai kuma tana da haushi da abubuwa masu kiba, kamar murhun wuta. A farkon, ana jin ɗan gajeren kayan masarufi, ƙarar abin da sannu a hankali yana ƙaruwa, kuma bayan wannan an samar da babban tsaran tsaran tsage. A cikin sake kunna Blackstart, ana iya maimaita karin waƙoƙi sau da yawa a jere.
Manya-Grey ko Babban Redstart
Sashin launin toka-mai-kanshi ko kuma jan launi na kowa shine ɗayan kyawawan tsuntsaye. Koyaya, namiji ne kawai zai iya yin fahariya na kayan fenti mai tsada, saboda zubewar mace tayi talauci sosai. Launin launin ruwan kasa ne, amma wutsiyar tana da launin ja. A cikin namiji, daddafin baya shine ash-launin toka, kirji, ciki, bangarorin da wutsiya ana fentin su da launin shuɗi, amma amai da kunci da baki. Hakanan wani lokacin ma namiji yana da fari goshi.
Redstart gama gari yana zaune a arewa maso yammacin Afirka, Eurasia kuma a yawancin Rasha.
Duk da bambance banbancen na waje, ana amfani da wakar jujjuyawa ta hanyar waƙoƙin maraba. A farkon, trill yana da tazara kuma mai son kai ne, amma a lokaci-lokaci yawan tsinkayen yana raguwa.
Lambar redstart
Lambun redstart ya fi son a samar da gidaje kawai akan bishiyoyi, waxanda suke a cikin tsohuwar gadajen gona, wuraren shakatawa. A lokaci guda, ya fi son zama nesa da mutane. Har ila yau ana samun lambun redstart a cikin gandun daji gauraye masu tsayi, a cikin gandun daji na coniferous, inda kullun kullun suke da yawa.
Maimaitawar lambun maza na da jikin ash-launin toka mai kauri, amai, baki, da goshi. Bugu da kari, sashin na sama da na tsakiyar jikin mutum yana da farin launi. Chest, tarnaƙi da wutsiya mai haske m ja. Ba kamar maza ba, ana sanya fentin mata cikin launin shuɗi, amma ƙananan sashin jiki mai launin toka ne. Hakanan akan gashin fuka-f launin launin fata mai launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi.
Waƙa da lambun redstart mai jituwa ne da arziki. A cikin waƙoƙi akwai karin waƙar waƙa da tausasawa. Duk da wannan, wasan kwaikwayon sake fasalin bango ne mai ban al'ajabi kuma mara kunya, saboda haka yakan fassara wasu wakokin mutane.
Redstart
Redstart-coot - karamin siririn tsuntsu a kan kafafu na bakin ciki mai tsayi. Waɗannan tsuntsayen ababen hawa ne, don haka sukan tashi daga wuri zuwa wuri duk tsawon rana, suna jujjuya fikarsu mai ban sha'awa.
Yin waka a cikin wasan kwaikwayon ya bambanta da sauran. Waƙar ta ƙunshi gajeriyar magana, ta hanyar hanci, wanda ya fara da sautin da ya ƙare kuma ya ƙare a cikin buƙatun da suka bambanta sosai da tsakiyar waƙar.
Siberian Redstart
Ana samo Red Silar Siberian a cikin gandun daji mai haske, dazuzzuka, lambuna, har ma da wasu ƙauyuka a kudu na Siberiya, Yankin Amur da Prygorye. A lokaci guda, an shirya shimfiɗa a cikin ramuka, maɓuɓɓun duwatsu, tarin tarin duwatsu ko ƙarƙashin rufin gine-gine.
A cikin Siberian Redstart namiji, saman kai da wuya shine haske launin toka a launi, bangarorin kai, makogwaro, baya da fikafikan baƙi ne, amma akwai farin tabo a fuka-fukan. Ciki da wutsiya suna ja mai haske. Mace tayi daidai da macen redstart. Plwarinta na launin ruwan kasa, amma wutsiya, kamar ta namiji, mai haske ja. Bugu da kari, tana da fararen tabo a fuka-fukan.
Redstart mai kararrawa
Redstell na Red-bell yana da kama da na Siberian Redstart, amma ya fi girma da haske. Namiji yana da launin fata mai launin fari, amma macen tana da jan ciki da fari a jikin fikafikan.
Tana zaune a tsaunukan tsakiyar Caucasus da Kudancin Siber, kodayake tana yin hibernates a cikin ƙananan tsaunuka - a cikin ɓarnar tebur ko itacen willows na ruwa.
Yaɗa
Redstart nau'in tsuntsayen Turai ne na yau da kullun, saboda haka mazaunin sa ya bambanta sosai. An samo shi a Turai, yawancin Yammaci da Tsakiyar Siberiya da Yammacin Asiya. Mafi yawa sun fi so su zauna a cikin gandun daji na Pine. Koyaya, manyan wuraren girke-girke har yanzu suna iyakokin daji, kututture bishiyoyi, tsoffin katako, lambuna da wuraren shakatawa. Bugu da kari, redstart sun fi son zama a cikin mafaka, inda aka gina ciyayi lafiya. Nests zauna a cikin hollows, a kan lokacin farin ciki rassan itatuwa, a cikin m shrubs da tsohuwar kututture.
Kiwo
A cikin mafi yawan redstart, kama bai wuce ƙwai 6-7 ba, waɗanda aka fentin su cikin shuɗi mai haske. Ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai yana yin na mata ne kaɗai. Bayan sati 2 na shiryawa, sai aka haifi kajin, bayan wannan kuma makonni biyu 2-3, iyayen biyu sun kawo kajin abincin. Kajin na fara tashi sama da wata guda bayan bayyanar. Karnuka suna barin mazaunin bayan sun girma kuma suka koyi tashi, amma suna yawo a gida. Matasa girma is located kusa da tafkunan da a cikin bushes. Wani fasalin fasalin sake fasalin shine cewa a lokacin bazara wasu nau'i-nau'i suna yin kwanciya 2-3.
Nesting
Nests zauna a cikin rufaffiyar wuraren da ba a amfani da su. A lokaci guda, an gina mazaunin a cikin halin kulawa kuma suna da siffar kofin. Don gina redstart, ana amfani da bushewa iri-iri na tsire-tsire, ana iya amfani da murfin itace tare da ganyayyaki, gansakuka da guntun itace. Bayan wannan, an kafa zuriyar dabbobi a cikin gida, wanda ya ƙunshi ulu, gashin fuka-fuki da ganyayyaki. Girman irin wannan gida yana da ƙanana: diamita - 110 mm, tsayi - 90 mm, dijital tire a matsakaici 90 mm, zurfin tray 40-70 mm.
Bugu da kari, a cikin gandun daji yawanci akwai gidaje na musamman don sake kunnawa ta hannun mutum. Koyaya, yakamata a yi gidan kawai da inganci kuma ya dace da kayan tsuntsaye. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da allon da aka ɓace - allon katako ko katako, kauri wanda shine 2-2.5 cm. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a tsara kwamiti kawai daga waje na gidan.
Gidan ya fi kyau yin girman mafi kyau duka:
- tsayi - 20-25 cm
- kasa - 12 zuwa 12
- yankin ƙasa na ciki shine 15-20 sq.cm
- diamita masu faci - 3-4 cm
- nesa daga kasan ƙyalli zuwa ƙasan - 10-12 cm
- daga saman daraja zuwa rufi - 4-5 cm
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa redstart basu da ban sha'awa ga rhombic gidaje, saboda haka zaka iya hawa su a kwana. Bugu da kari, a lokacin bazara ana tura gidan yamma ko kudu, babban abinda ba shine ku sadu da iska ba.
Redstart kuma ana kiyaye su a gida. Suna zaune lafiya a sel. Koyaya, ba a ba da shawarar adana abubuwa da yawa a cikin keji sau ɗaya, saboda suna gwagwarmaya, galibi kafin mutuwar abokin hamayya.
Abin da ke ci
Redstart / Phoenicurus Phoenicurus / Redstart
Redstart yana cin kwari gabaɗaya - kwari, sauro, kwari, kumburi, gizo-gizo. Hakanan, basu damu da cin berries - currants, elderberries da raspberries. A cikin kaka da hunturu, redstart kula da 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba. Idan ka sake yin wani aiki a gida, to zai fi kyau a ciyar da abinci da abinci mai ragi ga tsuntsaye masu kwari (Padovan).
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Bayanin na farko na redstart wanda dan asalin Sweden ne C. Linney ya yi a 1758 a cikin littafin Systema Naturae a ƙarƙashin sunan nan na Motacilla phoenicurus. Bature masanin ilimin dabi’ar halitta dan turanci Tomos Forster ya kirkiro sunan halittar Phoenicurus a shekara ta 1817. Halin halittar mutum da sunan nau'ikan Phoenicurus ya fito ne daga tsoffin kalmomin Girkanci biyu na Phoinix “ja” da -ouros - “tailed”.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Redstart sune wakilan gidan Muscicapidae, waɗanda ke daidai da asalin ilimin kimiyya sun nuna shi, wanda aka haife shi sakamakon haɗar da kalmar nan Latin biyu "musca" = tashi da "capere" = kama.
Mafi kusancin dangin asali na redstart na kowa shine farin-browed redstart, dukda cewa zabin halittar yana ba wasu rashin tabbas game da wannan. Wataƙila kakanninta su ne za su fara buɗewa Turai. An yi imanin cewa sun ƙaurace wa rukunin baƙar fata kamar shekaru miliyan 3 da suka gabata a ƙarshen Pliocene.
Bidiyo: Redstart
A halin yanzu dai, jan fata na yau da kullun baki harma suna da jituwa kuma suna iya samar da wadatattun halittun da zasu iya zama lafiya kuma mai mahimmanci. Koyaya, wadannan rukuni biyu na tsuntsaye sun rabu da halaye daban-daban da bukatun muhalli, saboda haka ba a cika ganin irin waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe ba. Redstart ya zama tsuntsu na shekara a Rasha a cikin 2015.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Redstart Bird
Redstart yana da kama da kama da halaye ga zoryanka. Tana da tsawon jiki guda 13-14.5 cm, amma adadi kaɗan mafi sauƙi kuma ƙasa da nauyin 11-23 g. Launi mai launin wutsiya ruwan-zaki, daga inda redstart ya sami sunan, sau da yawa ya bambanta a haɗakar launi. Daga cikin tsuntsayen Turai na yau da kullun, kawai launin jan redstart (P. ochrurus) yana da wutsiya mai launi iri ɗaya.
Namiji yana ɗan banbanta mai launi. A lokacin rani, yana da gashin kai da launin toka-toshiya da na sama, sai dai banda sacrum da wutsiya, wanda, kamar tarnaƙi, kayan ciki, da ƙwanƙwasa, sune launin ruwan ƙanshi mai launi-launi. Gashin goshi fari ne, fuskar a gefuna kuma makogwaron baƙi ne. Fuka fuka-fukan da gashin tsuntsayen tsakiya biyu sune launin ruwan kasa, sauran gashin fuka-fukai masu haske-ja. Haske mai ruwan orange a tarnaƙi ya kusan zama fari a ciki. Beak da paws baki ne. A cikin bazara, gashin fuka-fukai suna ɓoye tare da gefuna na jiki, suna ba da launi mai haske.
Matan suna zanen zane. Gashi na sama shine launin ruwan kasa. Abubuwan da ke cikin jikin shine haske mai haske tare da nono mai ƙamshi mai ƙoshin ciki, wani lokaci mai zafin gaske, wanda a bayyane yake ya keɓe daga launin toka zuwa gemu mai duhu da kuma gefen wuyansa. Sidewallon ƙwallon ƙasa yana ma'ana sosai tare da ƙasa mai orange. Fuka fuka-fukan suna da launin shuɗi, kamar yadda suke cikin maza, ƙwallon ƙafa shine m da ƙoshin orange. A launuka, ta rasa baƙi da kwance, kuma makogwaronta ya yi fari. Tare da shekaru, mace na iya kusanci da launi na maza kuma ya zama ƙarin banbanta.
Ina ne redstart yake zaune?
Hoto: Redstart a Rasha
Rarraba wannan nau'in Palearctic yamma da tsakiyar yana cikin yankin Eurasia mai tsafta, gami da filayen kwari, Bahar Rum da kuma sassan yankin. A cikin sassan kudancin yankin yana da iyaka da tsaunuka. A arewacin kasar Iberian Peninsula, sake fasalin jaha bai zama ruwan dare ba, galibi a kudanci da kuma yammacin shi. Akwai maganganun da aka watsar dasu na wannan tsuntsayen a arewacin Afirka.
A cikin Tsibirin Biritaniya, wannan yana faruwa a nesa da gabashin Ireland kuma ba ya nan a tsibirin Scottish. A wajen gabas, iyakarsu ta kai har Siberia zuwa tafkin Baikal. Ana iya samun wasu popuan ƙananan mutane ko da gabashin sa. A arewa, kewayon ya kara daga Scandinavia zuwa 71 ° arewa maso gabas, ya hada Kola Peninsula, sannan gabas zuwa Yenisei a Rasha. a Italiya, nau'in ba ya cikin Sardinia da Corsica. Yawancin 'yan gudun hijirar sun bazu sosai a yankin ruwan Balkan kuma ya isa arewacin Girka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Redstart yana da nasa raƙayi a kudanci da arewacin Tekun Bahar Maliya da kuma a kudu maso yammacin Caucasus da kimanin 50 ° N Ta hanyar Kazakhstan zuwa Dutsen Saur kuma ta gaba zuwa gabashin Mongolian Altai. Bugu da kari, rarraba yaduwar daga Crimea da gabashin Turkiya zuwa Caucasus da tsarin dutsen Kopetdag da arewa maso gabashin Iran zuwa Pamirs, a kudu zuwa tsaunukan Zagros. Kananan alkalumma ke zaune a Siriya.
Redstart na yau da kullun sun fi son buɗewar gandun daji na fure tare da birches da itacen oak, daga inda kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da yankin tare da ƙananan adadin tsirrai da gandun daji na buɗewa, musamman inda itatuwan suka tsufa don samun ramuyun da suka dace da ciyawa. Sun fi son a gida a gefen gandun daji.
A cikin Turai, ya hada da wuraren shakatawa da tsoffin lambuna a cikin birane. Suna zaune a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar halitta na bishiyoyi, don haka matattun bishiyoyi ko waɗanda suka bushe rassan suna da amfani ga wannan nau'in. Yawancin lokaci sukanyi amfani da tsoffin gandun daji na bude coniferous, musamman a arewacin ɓangaren kiwo.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Maimaita Red
Redstart yakan zama akan ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi ko ƙananan ciyayi kuma yana yin motsi mai ban tsoro mai ban tsoro. Don neman abinci, tsuntsu a takaice ya tafi ƙasa ko kuma ya kama kwari yayin ɗan gajeren jirgin sama. Masu cin nasara a tsakiyar Afirka da Arabia, kudu da hamadar Sahara, amma arewa mai daidaitawa kuma daga gabashin Senegal zuwa Yemen. Tsuntsayen sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan da ke kusa da yanayin savannah. Har ila yau ana ganin baƙi masu zuwa hunturu a cikin Sahara ko Yammacin Turai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yankunan kudu maso gabas sun mamaye kudu maso gabashin yankin, galibi a kudu na gabar Larabawa, Habasha da Sudan gabashin Kogin. Redstart ya fita da wuri don hunturu. Hijira yana faruwa daga tsakiyar watan Yuli kuma ya ƙare wani wuri a ƙarshen Satumba. Babban lokacin tashi yana cikin rabin Agusta na biyu. Za'a iya samun tsuntsayen makoma har sai Oktoba, da wuya a watan Nuwamba
A cikin wuraren kiwo, farkon tsuntsayen sun isa ƙarshen Maris, babban lokacin isowa shine daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu. Motsa jiki na motsi na redstart ya dogara da wadatar ciyarwar. A cikin yanayin sanyi, yawancin abincin an yi shi ne da berries. Bayan isowa, maza suna ta raira kusan duk rana, waƙar su kaɗai ba ta da ƙarshen karewa. A watan Yuli, ba a sake saurarar aikin sakewa ba.
Shedding yana faruwa a watan Yuli - Agusta. Redstart ba tsuntsaye bane na al'umma, daga lokacin kiwo, kusan a koyaushe suna neman abinci. Kawai a wuraren tara ganima, alal misali, a bankunan koguna, akwai tarin tsuntsaye, amma ko da hakan nisan nisa tsakanin su ya kasance.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Redstart nests a cikin kogo ko kuma wani koma baya a cikin bishiyoyi, a cikin shimfidar katako. Bai kamata ciki ya kasance cikin duhu gabaɗaya, ya kamata a kunna shi da haske mai rauni, kamar ƙofar faɗi ko rami na biyu. Yawancin lokaci wannan nau'in yana yadawa a cikin rami mai zurfi, kamar su fasa dutse, shinge mai shinge. Mafi yawan lokuta ana samun mafi yawa a cikin ginin da mutum ya yi. Yawancin wuraren girke-girke suna da tsayin mita daya zuwa biyar. Idan an sanya masonry a ƙasa, to, yakamata ya kasance a wuri mai kariya.
Redstart ya mance da hanyar haihuwa daya. Maza sun isa kadan a farkon wurin kiwo kuma su shiga neman mafaka masu dacewa don samuwar gida. Hukuncin karshe shine mace. Gida an gina shi kusan na mace kaɗai, wanda zai ɗauki kwanaki 1.5 zuwa 8. Girman yana mafi yawanci ƙaddara ta hanyar girman ƙwayar walƙiya.
Ana amfani da bambaro, ciyawa, gansakuka, ganye, ko allurai Pine don shimfida wuraren zama. Sau da yawa akwai ƙananan ƙyalli na wasu, kayan kaɗa, kamar haushi, ƙaramin twigs, lichens ko Willow. Faɗin ginin daga 60 zuwa 65 mm ne, zurfin daga 25 zuwa 48 mm ne. Ciki yana kunshe da kayan abu guda ɗaya kamar gindi, amma ya fizge kuma an sanya shi daidai. An rufe shi da gashin fuka-fuka, gansakuka, gashin dabba, ko wani abu makamancin wannan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan brood ya ɓace, za'a iya samun sauyawa marigayi brood. Farkon farawar oviposition shine ƙarshen Afrilu / farkon Mayu, an lura da oviposition na ƙarshe a farkon rabin Yuli.
Clutch ya ƙunshi 3-9, yawanci 6 ko 7 qwai. Qwai ne m, suna da zurfin kore mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi mai ɗan haske. Yin ciki yana wuce kwanaki 12 zuwa 14 kuma yana farawa jim kadan bayan an dage kwan kwanciya. Harban kajin na iya daukar fiye da rana guda. Bayan kwanaki 14, kananan tsuntsaye suka fara tashi. Tsuntsayen matasa suna yin ƙaura da sauri zuwa wuraren yin hunturu. Suna yin jima'i a ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa.
Abokan halitta na Redstart
Hoto: Redstart Bird
Al'adar da mai aikin redstart ke ɓoyewa, yana taimaka mata ta rayu cikin ƙauyukan. Dukkanin halayen nata yana nuna taka tsantsan, sirrinta da rikitarwar su, musamman a lokacin kiwo, lokacin da fadadawa da lura. Tsuntsu ya kasance na awanni a wani wuri ɓoye a cikin ganyen ɗan ƙaramin abu ko a kusan duhu, yana shirye don kare kansa da zaran ya ga haɗarin.
Lalacewar ƙwai da kajin suna da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, saboda makabartun lafiya suna da kariya kuma ba sa samun dama ga masu hasashen. A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, daga kashi 90% na qwai sun yi nasarar nasara, kuma har zuwa kashi 95% na kajin da aka yanyanka ba tare da ɓata ba daga kansu.
Gganyen ƙwai yana shafa:
- a cikin birane, fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na waɗannan lokuta suna da alaƙa da tsoma bakin mutane.
- a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, lokutan sanyi na daɗa ƙaruwa da mutuwar kajin.
- ƙarin asara shine lalacewa ta hanyar ectoparasites da cuckoo, wanda kullun ke sanya ƙwai a cikin mazaunin redstart na baki, musamman a yankin mai tsayi.
Mafi mahimmancin masu farautar tsuntsayen tsuntsaye sune quail-hawk da mujiya na kwari. Latterarshe yana hana redstart hutu. Owls suna sanya ƙwai a cikin rufin, kuma sake yin zane a ƙarƙashin rufin. Abin birgewa shine cewa sake fasalin, sabanin sauran tsuntsayen, kamar su blackbirds, sparrows or finches, da wuya su zama waɗanda ke fama da zirga-zirga. Wannan na iya kasancewa saboda yanayin motsa abubuwa, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don sake fasalin azaman mafarauci.
Bugu da kari, makiyan jan aikin sune: cat, squirrel, magpie, soyayya, mutum. Dangane da tsarin shekarun mutane, bayanan lura da hasashen yanayi sun nuna cewa kusan rabin tsuntsaye masu aiki da jima'i shekara-shekara ne. Wani kashi 40 - daga shekara ɗaya zuwa uku, kusan kashi 3 ne kawai - shekaru biyar ko mazan ma. Matsakaicin da aka sani mafi girman shekaru na sake rayuwa mai rayuwa shine shekaru goma.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Redstart a Rasha
Yawan redstart ya ragu sosai tun daga shekarun 1980. Baya ga lalacewar mazauni a wuraren kiwo, manyan dalilai na wannan shine babban canje-canje a wuraren kiwon kaji a Afirka, kamar ƙara yawan amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da kwaro da yaduwar Sahel.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An kiyasta yawan mutanen Turai ya kai nau'i-nau'i hudu na tara zuwa tara. Duk da raguwa a wasu wurare (Ingila, Faransa), gaba ɗaya, yawan jama'a na sake buɗewa a Turai sun karu. A wannan batun, jinsunan ba a rarrabe su da haɗari kuma babu matakan matakan kiyayewa.
Wannan nau'in zai amfana daga kiyaye tsoffin bishiyoyi, daɗaɗɗu da cakuda da manyan bishiyoyi a cikin birane. A matakin karamar hukuma, a cikin mazaunin da ya dace, jama'ar za su ci gajiyar wadatar wuraren girke-girke. An bada shawara don kula da lambuna na gargajiya tare da dogayen bishiyoyi da wuraren da ke da filaye. Wadannan hanyoyin yakamata a karfafa su ta hanyar tsarin agroecological. Bugu da kari, kananan wuraren da ciyayi mai yawa ya kamata a yanka a duk lokacin kiwo domin ya kula da filayen ciyar dace.
Redstart yana da babban iyaka kuma, a sakamakon haka, ba ya kai ga darajar ƙima ga nau'ikan masu haɗari ba bisa la’akari da girman girman kewayon. Yawan adadin waɗannan tsuntsayen ya zama a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II a biranen da aka lalata. Yawancin asarar jama'a na wucin gadi a wasu lokuta masu zuwa saboda fadada wuraren gina da wuraren zama.
Talakawa "tsuntsu biyu"
Redstart na kowa shine mafi yawan jinsunan waɗannan tsuntsayen. Ana kuma kiran su redstart lambu ko launin toka-mai kai (coot). An samo su a cikin dazuzzuka na ƙasashen Eurasia, kazalika da arewa maso yammacin ɓangaren Afirka.
Kwayoyin suna mamaye abinci, amma a kaka da lokacin hunturu dole ne su ci tumatir na tsirrai-daji ko tsiro.
Mace gida a duka zuwa ƙananan kuma a tsawo na har zuwa mita takwas. Fuka-fuka-fukai, ganye, tsintsiya suna aiki kamar kayan gini. Mafi kyawun wurare don masonry na gaba an zaɓa: daga ƙwanƙwasa a cikin kututturen itace zuwa kifaye a cikin ginin ko bangon mazaunin ɗan adam.
Red-bellied da Siberian
A cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, jan-kunne mai launin jan kunne ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. An samo su a duwatsun Tsakiyar Asiya, Caucasus, Baikal. Masanan ilmin sun hada da Himalayas, Afghanistan, da China a cikin mazauninsu. Har ila yau, tsuntsayen Alpine suna zaune a Altai.
Sun sami sunan su ne saboda halayyar jan kayan maye a ciki. Hakanan daya daga cikin alamomin rarrabewa shine ragin mawaƙa. Ko da daga mazaje a lokacin tarawar, da wuya ku ji abubuwan da ambaliyar ruwa ta cika. Sun fi so su zauna a cikin gandun daji da kuma koguna na koguna, inda akwai da yawa bushes tare da berthorn berries, saboda wannan shine tushen abincinsu.
Sake yin wasan Siberian sun zama ruwan dare a cikin gandunan Mongolia, China, da Tarayyar Rasha. Hakanan kuma galibi zauna kusa da gonaki da gidajen mutane. Sun gina sheƙarsu daga farawar dawakai da ganye a cikin duwatsun dutse, murɗa kankara. Ko kuma su rufe wuri don sanya ƙwai a cikin tushen bishiyoyi. A lokacin hunturu, suna ƙaura zuwa yankunan da ke da dumin yanayi.
Tsuntsu mai baƙar fata
Chernushka redstart ya bambanta da sauran wakilan wannan dabi'ar ta hanyar duhu mai duhu. A cikin rawanin bishiya ana iya ganinsu ta gashin fuka-fukin wutsiya mai haske. Rarraba a Eurasia da arewa maso yammacin Afirka, galibi a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka.
Dukansu iri ɗaya ne a cikin tsarin gida na gida, amma sun fi ƙanana da ƙara kyau. Yayin jirginsu, suna iya rataye a sararin sama, wanda shine abinda hummingbirds suke kama. Suna ciyar da kwari, larvae da berries.
Gurin tsuntsun yana kama da kwano mai kaushi tare da babban abin ɗorawa. Matan sun gina shi daga dogaye mai tushe da ciyawa. Don ƙoshin ciki amfani da gansakuka, zanin wuta, gashin fuka-fukan, ƙasa kuma an yi layi tare da gashin fuka-fukan.
Wasu hujjoji masu ban sha'awa game da "hasken fitila"
Masana kimiyyar kere-kere da masana kimiyyar halitta sun tara bayanai da yawa game da wannan tsuntsu. Ga wasu bayanai game da hankali.
Twinkle Bird ya zama gwarzo na labarai da almara. Ofayansu ya faɗi yadda redstart ya sami damar ceton mutane daga yunwar da sanyi.
Ana kiran wakilan nau'in nau'in redstart na gama gari saboda farin launi na gashin tsuntsaye a goshi. A bango daga launuka masu haske na ciki da wutsiya, ga alama kamar da take aske kanta tana kan kan tsuntsu.
A cikin 2015, redstart shine tsuntsu na shekara a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, kuma shekaru hudu a baya a Switzerland.
Redstart ana ɗaukarsu daidai ne ɗaya daga cikin wakilai masu ban sha'awa na tsarin Passeriformes.Godiya ga tsumma mai haske da wutsiya mai motsi a cikin adabin gargajiya, sun zama alama ce ta dumi da fatan alkhairi. Tsuntsaye sukan lalata kwari na amfanin gona, wanda ke taimaka wa manoma su adana amfanin gona.
Za ku taimaka mana da yawa idan ka raba labarin a shafukan sada zumunta da makamantansu. Na gode da hakan.
Biyan kuɗi zuwa tasharmu.
Karanta karin labarai akan Gidan Bird.
Halayya, salon rayuwa
Redstart na yau da kullun yana nufin nau'in tsuntsaye masu ƙaura: yana ciyar da bazara a Eurasia, kuma yana tashi zuwa Afirka ko orasashen Larabawa don lokacin hunturu. Yawancin lokaci, ƙaura kaka na wannan nau'in, dangane da ɓangaren kewayon inda waɗannan tsuntsaye ke zaune, yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara ko a farkon rabin kaka kuma yana faɗowa a tsakiyar watan Agusta - farkon Oktoba. Redstart ya dawo ƙasarsu a watan Afrilu, kuma maza sunzo kwanaki da yawa fiye da na mata.
Wadannan tsuntsaye masu haske suna da yawa a cikin rami na bishiyoyi, amma idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, suna gina shinge a cikin wasu wuraren mafaka na halitta: a cikin manyan kogunan fashewar abubuwa na kututture ko kututture, kazalika a cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan itace.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Redstart bashi da fifiko don tsinkayen gida: waɗannan tsuntsayen zasu iya gina shi duka a matakin ƙasa kuma babba a kan akwati ko a cikin rassan itace.
Mafi sau da yawa, mace ɗaya tana cikin aikin ginin gida: ta kera ta daga kayan abubuwa daban-daban, daga cikinsu akwai haushi itace, busasshen mai tsire-tsire, ciyawar, zarra, gwal, allura da gashin fuka-fukan.
Redstart sanannu ne ga waƙoƙinsu, wanda ya dogara da nau'ikan abubuwa da yawa, masu kama da sautin da wasu nau'in tsuntsayen ke yi, irin su finch, starling, flycatcher.
Dimorphism na jima'i
Nunin jima'i a cikin wannan nau'in an ambata: maza sun bambanta sosai da mace a launi. A zahirin gaskiya, yana da kyau godiya ga maza tare da canza launinsu launin ja da launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi da tsuntsayen suka sami sunan ta, tunda mata masu fasalin zane suna da zane sosai: a cikin inuwar launin shuɗi daban-daban na haske da ƙarfi. Kawai a cikin wasu nau'in wannan dabi'ar mata suna da launuka iri ɗaya masu kyau kamar na maza.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Mace ba za su iya yin alfahari da irin wannan launi mai haske: a saman suna da launin ruwan kasa-launin shuɗi, amma kawai hancinsu da wutsiyarsu sun yi haske, mai ruwan-hoda.
Don haka, a cikin aikin sakewa na maza, na baya da kai suna da inuwa mai launin shuɗi, an fentin ciki cikin inuwa mai haske-ja, wutsiyar kuma tana cikin tsananin haske, mai haske mai haske, wanda daga nesa yana kama da wuta kamar harshen wuta. An kawata goshin tsuntsu da wani farin tabo mai kyau, kuma makogwaro da wuya a bangarorin baki ne. Godiya ga wannan launuka masu bambanta launuka, Redstart na maza an lura dashi nesa, duk da cewa waɗannan tsuntsayen ba manya bane.
Redstart nau'in
A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan nau'in redstart 14:
- Alashan Redstart
- Redback Redstart
- Redstart mai launin toka-da-kai
- Blackstart redstart
- Redstart na gama gari
- Field redstart
- Redstart mai launin fari
- Siberian Redstart
- White-browed Redstart
- Redstart mai kararrawa
- Redstart mai fuska
- Grey Redstart
- Luzon Water Redstart
- White-capped Redstart
Baya ga nau'ikan da aka lissafa a sama, yanzu akwai wani nau'in redstart mai rushewa, wanda ya rayu akan yankin Hungary na zamani a zamanin Pliocene.
Habitat, mazauni
Yankin redstart yana shimfida ko'ina cikin Turai kuma, musamman, Rasha. Yana farawa daga Burtaniya ta girma har zuwa Transbaikalia da Yakutia. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune ne a Asiya - galibi a China da kuma a cikin guraren Himalayas. Wasu nau'in redstart kuma suna zaune a kudu - har zuwa Indiya da Filipinas, kuma ana samun nau'ikan da yawa ko da a Afirka.
Mafi yawan redstart sun fi son su sauka a yankin dajin, ko dai yanayin iska mai tsayi ne ko gumi mai dausayi: talakawa da tsaunika. Amma matsanancin ciyayi, waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa son su da kuma nisantar da su. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun redstart a gefuna na gandun daji, a cikin gidajen lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, kazalika da faɗuwar daji, inda akwai kututture da yawa. A can ne waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsaye suka fi so su zauna: bayan duk, a irin waɗannan wurare ba wuya a sami mafaka ta zahiri ba yayin da ake fuskantar haɗari, da kuma kayan gini.
Abincin Redstart
Redstart galibin tsuntsayen kwari ne. Amma a cikin bazara, sau da yawa ta ci abinci na shuka: nau'ikan daji iri daban-daban ko berries na lambu, kamar talakawa ko aronia, currants, elderberries.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Redstart ba ya ƙin ɗaukar kwari kuma a lokacin bazara yana lalata tarin kwari da yawa, kamar gwoza mai narkewa, gwoza ganye, gero, ƙwayaye da sauro, sauro da kwari. Koyaya, irin waɗannan kwari masu amfani kamar, alal misali, gizo-gizo ko tururuwa na iya zama wanda aka cutar da wannan tsuntsu.
Koyaya, redstart yana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa, yana lalata yawancin lambun da kwari kwari. A zaman talala, wadannan tsuntsayen ana ciyar da duka kwari masu rai da abinci na musamman.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Iyalin Redstart sun haɗa da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 13, waɗanda yawancinsu suna zaune a China, a cikin ƙafafun Himalayas, a Yankin Turai, galibi shine yankin tsakiyar Siberiya, a cikin karamin yanki na Asiya.
Redstart yana nufin irin waɗannan nau'in tsuntsayen, waɗanda suke zaɓar wuraren zama ko ɗakunan daji, ko yankuna na dutse. Misali, redstart gama gariwanda sunansa na biyu shi ne datti wanda yake wakilin Turai ne. Kuma gandun daji na Siberiya har zuwa yankuna na arewacin mazauna sakeSiberiyanci.
Redstart, galibi ana kiransa lambu ko sake - tsuntsu daga dangin tashi, atungiyar yan tawaye. Ana kiranta ɗayan kyawawan tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a cikin wuraren shakatawa, lambunan, murabba'ai.
Gwargwadon jikin tsuntsu mara ƙanƙan da bai wuce 20 g ba, tsawon jikin ba tare da wutsiya 15 cm ba ne, fuka-fuki tare da cikakkiyar sanarwa ya kai cm 25. Banbancin fasalin jannati shine kyakkyawan wutsiyarsa, wanda, ba tare da ƙari ba, da alama yana "ƙonewa" a cikin rana.
A cikin hoto, sake yin hoto
Yana da wuya ba a lura da irin wannan kyakkyawa ba har ma daga nesa mai nisa, kuma wannan, duk da gaskiyar cewa girman pichuga bai fi girma ba. Gudun daga reshe zuwa reshe, jigon haske sau da yawa yana bayyana wutsiyarsa, kuma kamar dai a cikin hasken rana, yana haskakawa da harshen wuta.
Kamar sauran nau'in tsuntsayen, namiji ya zama mafi tsananin launi mai ruri. Gashin tsuntsaye suna da ja ja da haske daga baki.
Ana fentin mace a cikin sautunan launuka na launin zaitun tare da haɗarin launin toka, ɓangaren da ke ƙasa da wutsiya suna da ja. Gaskiya ne, ba dukkan jinsunan redstart akan wutsiya suna da baƙar fata ba. Wannan wata alama ce bayyananniya. redstart blackie da mu compatriot - Siberian.
Hoto mai zane mai duhu
Af, masana ilimin halitta suna kiran mafi girma daga cikin jinsunan halittar redstart. red-bellied redstart. Namiji, kamar yadda ya saba, yana da launin launi fiye da mace.
Yana da kambi da kuma gefen bango wanda yake fari, baya, wani ɓangare na ɓangaren akwati, wuyan baƙar fata, da wutsiya, ƙwanƙwasa, ciki da kuma ɓangaren juzu'i waɗanda ke saman wutsiyar ana zanen su a ja tare da taɓa tsatsa. A cikin wannan nau'in redstart, mutum zai iya yin la'akari da cikakken gamut na canza launi.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Kodayake tsuntsun Siberiya kwatankwacin wakilci ne na gandun daji na Taiga, amma hakan na nisanta daga dajin da babu makawa. Mafi yawancin, ana samun wannan nau'in a gefunan daji, a cikin wuraren shakatawa da lambuna, a kan sharewa, inda akwai kututture masu yawa. Kamar yadda ya saba, tsuntsun ya fi so ya zauna a cikin rami mai wucin gadi wanda yake kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Hoton Siberian Redstart
Redstart mai tsarkakewa ya cancanci sake dubawa sosai. Hannun ta na waƙa shine waƙa na maɓallin matsakaici, mai ban dariya, mai bambancin ra'ayi, wanda aka rera. Sautin yana farawa da babban 'Chil-chil - kuma' sannan kuma ya shiga cikin wani yanayi mai walƙiya-chir-chir ".
Saurari waƙar maimaitawa
Abin ban sha'awa, a cikin waƙar rairayin redstart, zaku iya kama tasoshin tsuntsaye iri iri. Misali, ingantaccen sauraren karar zai iya jin wakar mawakiyar sauti, zaryanki, yayin da wasu kuma za su lura cewa karin waƙar ya dace da waƙar titin, finch, flecatcher.
Redstart ƙaunar raira waƙa koyaushe kuma har ma da dare taiga yana cike da waƙoƙin shiru na waɗannan abubuwan halittu masu ban al'ajabi. Morearin bayani game da waƙoƙin Redstart: masanan ilimin kimiyya sun lura cewa namiji a farkon lokacin mating, bayan ƙarshen babban kide kidewa, yana buga ɗan gajeren gajere, wanda za'a iya kiran shi ƙungiyar mawaƙa.
Don haka, wannan waƙoƙin ƙaƙƙarfan salon layin sauti ne wanda yake cike da muryoyin jinsunan tsuntsaye iri daban, kuma tsoho mai cika yi, daɗin sautinsa kuma ya sami kwarewa sosai.
Redstart Abinci
Abincin da aka sake amfani da shi ya dogara da mazaunin mazauni. Yawanci yana ciyar da kwari. Ba ta raina kowace irin kwari, sai ta ɗauke su a ƙasa, ta cire daga rassan, tana neman ganyayen da ke ƙasa.
Tare da farko na kaka, abincin redstart ya zama cikakke, kuma zasu iya iya ciji gandun daji ko berries, kamar su dutse na gama gari, viburnum, currant, elderberry, aronia da sauransu.
Lokacin da abincin ya ƙare, wanda mafi yawan lokuta yakan faru ne a tsakiyar kaka, maɓallin redstart suna taruwa don hunturu a wurare masu dumama, galibi a cikin ƙasashen da ke fama da zafi a Afirka. Ana tafiyar jirgin saman wannan nau'in tsuntsaye da dare.
Redstart ya koma wuraren asarsu tun ma kafin a buɗe furannin. Da zaran tsuntsayen sun isa wuraren farauta, nan da nan sai namiji ya fara neman ƙasa daga wurin. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, an tsara mazaunan tsuntsaye a cikin manya-manyan yanayi na halitta ko na mutun.
Woodpecker hollows sune mafi dacewa wurin yin farauta, amma kututture itacen, wanda yake da wani ɓoyayyiyar ɗan adam kusa da ƙasa kanta, ya dace sosai. Kayan gidan gona ba sa jin tsoron daidaitawa kusa da mutum, don haka ana iya samun makasantan su a cikin ɗakuna, a bayan tagogin taga da sauran wuraren ɓoye a cikin ginin mutane inda suke zaune.
Namiji, kafin zuwan mace, yana tsare sosai wurin da ya samo kuma yakan kori baƙi da ba a nema ba daga wurin sa.