Warbler na finch dangi, daya daga cikin mafi yawan tsuntsayen Rasha.
Cewa finch yana game da girman kiba (kimanin tsayin 17 cm). Abunda yakamata na namiji yayin lokacin kiwo yana da kyau sosai - lowerashin jikin mutum daga makogwaro da kunci zuwa gindin wutsiya birki ne ja, goshi ya baki, saman kai, goshin kai da baya na wuya ash ash. Fuka-fukan jikin reshe suna launin ruwan kasa tare da fararen iyakokin tare da gefen waje. Fuka fuka-fukan cikin wutsiya kuma launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma gashin fuka-fukan nan guda biyu suna da fari kala. A fuka-fuki biyu fararen fili a fili bayyane ratsi. Baya baya launin ruwan kasa, kusoshi masu launin kore. Mace a cikin kaya suna kama da maza, amma sautin yawan sihiri shine launin ruwan kasa. Tsuntsayen yara suna kama da mace a launi.
Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji da kuma wuraren shakatawa iri daban-daban, galibi kusa da kusancin mutum.
Buzaye suna tashi a cikin bishiyoyi, yawanci sun fi tsayin mutum girma, yana rufe su da gansakuka da lasisi. A ciki, an shimfiɗa gida tare da ɗumbin gashin fuka-fukai, kayan lambu da gashi. Wani lokaci nests sau 2 a lokacin rani. A cikin ɓoye 3-6 bluish tare da tatsuniya da lalata ƙwai.
Yana ciyarwa a kan tsaba da kore sassan tsirrai, a lokacin bazara - kuma akan kwari da sauran wuraren motsa jiki, waɗanda ke ciyar da kajin.
Waƙar finch mai saurin kisa ce, ana sanya shi sau da yawa a cikin keji a matsayin kyakkyawan songbird.
Berastsianka
Dukan yankin Belarus
Finch na iyali - Fringillidae.
A cikin Belarus - F. c. coelebs.
Yawan ƙaura daga ƙauyen ƙaura wanda ke saurin ƙaura, lokaci-lokaci hunturu iri. Yawancin wurare, wurare masu yawa, wanda aka samo a cikin dukkanin tsabtukan daji, a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni, lambuna da sauran yankuna.
Girman sparrow. Thearfin maza yana da bambanci sosai: saman kai da baya na kai mai launin shuɗi ne, cheeks, makogwaro, kirji da ciki mai launin shuɗi ne ko ruwan-inuwa mai launin shuɗi, bangon baya mai duhu ne, ƙusoshin ya zama kore, ƙashin ya kusan baki, gashinsa kuma launin ruwan kasa. Abubuwan da ke cikin farin fuka-fukai suna fara buɗe fari sarari. Launin mace da ƙaramin tsuntsu ya zama mara nauyi, sautunan launin ruwan kasa galibi ana maye gurbinsu da launin toka, saman kai mai launin shuɗi, launin fari a fikafiƙƙiya. Girman namiji shine 19-28 g, mace ita ce 17-25 g .. Tsawon jikin (dukkan jinsi) shine 14-16 cm, fikafikai 24.5-28.5 ne, tsawon reshe na maza shine 8-9.7 cm, wutsiya 6-7 ce, 5 cm, yatsu 1.4-1.9 cm, baki 1.1-1.4 cm. Tsawon tsayi na mace 8 cm, wutsiya 6-7 cm, yats 1.3-2 cm, baki 1.1-1 1.3 cm
Muryar finch wata babbar murya ce mai sauri, maza sun fara raira waka daysan kwanaki bayan isowa da ƙare a tsakiyar bazara. Bugu da kari, yayin damuwa, da kuma lokacin da yanayi ya canza, mutum na iya jin kira mai karfi na finch “ruwan hoda” (a irin haka ne ake cewa finch “ryumit”). Fedyushin da Dolbyk (1967) sun tura waƙar finch a matsayin "ryu-ryu".
Chaffinch yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan tsuntsayen daji. Yawancin gandun daji daban-daban. Ya fi son tsohuwar ciyawar bishiyoyi, gandun daji na spruce, gandun daji (itacen-oak, spruce-oak-hornbeam), gandun daji da bushe bushe bishiyoyin bishiyoyi. Yana guje wa kurma, tare da rufe shafukan rufe. Ya yarda da yarda ya zauna cikin kwari, lambuna, wuraren shakatawa na daji, murabba'ai, kan boulevards, yana shiga har tsakiyar sassan manyan biranen.
A cikin bazara ya sauka a tsakiyar - rabin na biyu na Maris, zazzabi na waɗannan tsuntsaye ya ci gaba a farkon farkon Afrilu. Ya danganta da yanayin bazara, kwanakin dawowa da tashi daga fin fin din ya bambanta a cikin makonni uku. Tsakanin lokaci guda, zuwan fin fin yawa yake sosai (har sati uku). Lokacin ƙaura na kaka ya bambanta fiye da lokacin bazara saboda halartar samari matasa. Matsakaicin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazamin karewa shine 74 km kowace rana. Saurin fassara fassarar daga fin-kudu zuwa arewa-gabas na Belarus shine kilomita 35 a kowace rana. Wannan motsi na tsuntsaye an iyakance shi da farko ta zafin jiki na iska da murfin dusar ƙanƙara.
Zuwan sauka a cikin bazara yana jinkiri da kimanin kwanaki 3-4 yayin da suke motsa 1 ° latitude daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa-gabas na Belarus, a cikin kaka, akasin haka, ƙaurar tsuntsaye zuwa hunturu ta fara ne da farko game da adadin kwanakin guda.
Bincike game da rajistar fin fin shigowa kasar cikin shekaru 7 da suka gabata ya nuna cewa a yankuna na kudanci zasu iya bayyana a farkon lokacin bazara, duk da haka, ana lura da yawan tashin su da tashin jirgin sama a shekarun 2 da 3 na Maris, kuma a cikin shekaru goma na 1 Afrilu sun isa arewacin Belarus. Kodayake kwanakin isowa da tashi daga kankara sun bambanta a cikin yanayi daban-daban, a cikin yanayi mafi dacewa yanayi, ana samun fincikin a duk jamhuriyyar a ƙarshen Maris.
Wadanda suka fara tashi zuwa rukunin gidajen maza sune maza, suna tashi cikin kananan kungiyoyi (mutane 10-15). Sun mamaye wuraren farauta da fara waka. To, bayan kwanaki 3-7, mace suna bayyana, wanda yawanci suna tashi cikin ƙarin garken da yawa da kuma gauraye. Isar da garken maza sun watse, tsuntsaye suka mamaye wuraren farauta kuma suna fara waka. Mata suna shiga tare da su kuma daga wannan lokacin, maza suna raira waƙa musamman ba da kulawa. Za a iya jin wakar Chaffinch daga isowa zuwa Yuli. A cikin kudu yana tsayawa a farkon, a tsakiya a tsakiya, a arewa a ƙarshen Yuli.
A watan Yuni - Yuli, finch ɗin yana farkawa a cikin minti 40-60. kafin fitowar rana. Yanayin yanayin yana shafar lokacin fara ayyukan safe na finch: zazzabi, iska, hazo, mataki na murfin girgije a sararin sama, a cikin gandun daji - digiri na inuwa na biotope, da dai sauransu.
A ranakun da aka san murfin girgije da haɓakar iska, da sanyin safiya na motsawa ta hanyar awoyi 0.5-1.0 ko fiye idan aka kwatanta da rana da rana marasa iska. A watan Yuni, fin fin fin fara waka da awanni 3 da minti 40. - 4 hours 00 minti Waƙar tana da kusan mintuna 3, sannan akwai ɗan hutu na 7-10 seconds, waƙa ta gaba. Lokaci-lokaci, ana katse waƙoƙi don ciyarwa, wanda yakan kasance 7-10, wani lokacin har zuwa minti 20.
An lura da mafi girman aikin da safe (6-10 hours), lokacin da adadin waƙoƙi sun bambanta daga 70 zuwa 110 a kowace awa. Sannan yana raguwa kadan, kuma da yamma (awanni 17-19) sai ya kara karfi. A farkon rabin Yuni, fin fin fin finesing a 10 p.m. a bayyananne, kwanciyar hankali yanayi. - 22 awanni 30 minti
Makonni 3-4 bayan isowa, fin fin fara farawa. Tsuntsaye sun fara gina gida a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Afrilu. Ginin gida yana daga kwanaki 11 zuwa 13. Dukkanin abokan haɗin gwiwa suna ɗaukar ciki. An shirya filayen a kan bishiyoyi daban-daban (spruce, Pine, larch, Birch, launin toka da baki alder, itacen oak, Elm, ceri tsuntsu, ash ash, hornbeam, da dai sauransu), amma mafi sau da yawa akan ƙwanƙwasa, birch, Pine da alder, a cikin wurare da yawa (musamman a arewacin jamhuriya) sau da yawa akan juma'a. Tana da hurumi a tsaunuka daban-daban (1.5-12 m ko fiye, amma fiye da sau 2-4 m). A kan bishiyoyi masu lalacewa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana kafa su a gindin rassan a kaikaice daga kwandon, a kan conifers - yawanci akan reshe a kwance, a wani nesa daga gangar jikin.
Gida Chaffinch shine daya daga cikin tsararrun tsarin tsuntsayen da ke zaune a Belarus. Wannan wani tsari ne mai girman da aka saka daga kayan kayan shuka iri daban-daban (akasari daga gansakuka masu launin kore, da bakin ciki, ciyawar tsiro mai tsiro tare da cobwebs) a cikin wani nau'in kwallon da yake murguda shi da kauri da kauri mai karfi. A waje, an yi shi da fina-finai na kwari na Birch, clumps na tsire-tsire, cocoons na kwari, lichens, wanda ke rufe shi da kyau. Baran yana da fasalin hemispherical ko sabanin tsari, yalwatacce tare da asalinsu na asali, horsehair, ulu, gashin fuka, furen kayan lambu. Gidajen da ke a cikin gandun dajin spruce galibi yakan ƙunshi gansakuran kore ne kuma ana liƙe dasu tare da masu ɗaukar flaks na cuckoo. Tsawon mazaunin shine 4-8.5 cm, diamita shine 7.5-12 cm, zurfin tray shine 3-5 cm, diamita shine 3-6 cm. Ginin gida yana ɗaukar kwanaki 11-12, tsuntsaye biyu sun yi girma, amma mace tayi girma, namiji kawai ya kawo ginin kayan.
A cikin cikakken kama 4-7, yawanci 5 kodadde mai haske-kore ko ƙwai mai launin shuɗi, an rufe shi da fewan zano-ceri, curls, specks. Fuskokinsu suna da wuta, masu haske. A ƙarshen ƙarshen kwai, tabo wani lokaci yakan zama farin ciki ne. Tsarin kwai 2 g, tsawon 17-22 mm, diamita 14-15.4 mm.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, tsuntsu ya fara kwanciya qwai a cikin kwanakin farko na Mayu. Akwai broods guda biyu a cikin shekara guda. Karo na biyu yana fitowa ne a cikin rabin Yuni na biyu. Mace na shan kwai daya a rana, a kan sanya kwanaki 12-13, namiji yakan kwashe abincinsa lokaci-lokaci. Kajin da aka zaba suna karbar abinci daga iyayen biyu kuma suna barin gida yayin da yake da kwanaki 13. Yawan masu zuwa daga tsuntsayen manya da abinci zuwa gida ya sha bamban daga sau 140 zuwa sau 210 a rana, gwargwadon shekarun kajin (kwanaki 3-4 ko kwanaki 6-8), yanayin yanayi da wadatar albarkatun dabbobi a cikin yankin.
Kimanin kwanaki 6-8, tsuntsayen manya suka ci gaba da ciyar da yaran, daga nan sai tsuntsayen matasa suka fara yawon neman abinci a cikin halittun gandun daji, yayin da wasu ke kasancewa na tsawon makonni 2-3 a cikin wuraren kiwo, inda
Dangane da nishaɗar gida biyu, tsuntsayen tsuntsaye suna farawa a cikin Yuli kuma yana ci gaba a cikin Satumba.
Daga ƙarshen Yuli, broods suna tattarawa a cikin kananan garkuna, a cikin Satumba garken da yawa, wasu lokuta sau da yawa tsuntsaye ɗari, ana samun su. Hakanan ana samun garken Nomadic a tashoshin bude (filaye, adibas, sharewa).
Cewar finch ita ce mafi ƙarancin halitta a tsakanin tsuntsayen gandun daji, tsayayyen filaye da fa'idar nau'ikan abinci wanda ke tabbatar da matsayinsa da kuma matsayinsa mafi girma a cikin manyan tashoshin yanayi. Zuwa yau, bisa ga binciken da aka yi a sassa daban-daban na kewayon, fiye da nau'ikan tsirrai 60 da kusan umarnin 15 na invertebrates da aka rubuta a cikin abincin abinci na finches. Akwai wasu nau'in kwari iri daya idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan finch, suna karuwa a lokacin farauta.
A cikin abinci mai narkewa, bambance-bambancen yanayi suna da kyau. A cikin kaka da hunturu ita babbar tsuntsaye ce, da ƙwayayen ganye daban-daban suka zama tushen abinci mai gina jiki a wannan lokacin. A cikin bazara, kwari, har da fure na Birch da Willow, an ƙara su a cikin wannan abincin. A lokacin rani, kwari da gizo-gizo sun mamaye abincin, yawan invertebrates a cikin kajin yafi musamman.
Abubuwan da aka tattara daga 2010 zuwa 2015 a cikin Stolbtsovsky, Dzerzhinsky da Volozhinsky na yankin Minsk, a gundumar Kamenets na yankin Brest. (NP "Belovezhskaya Pushcha"), har ma a cikin yankunan Rogachev da Novogrudok na yankunan Gomel da Grodno, sun nuna cewa, gaba ɗaya, ba kamar sauran yankuna ba, a Belarus, finch a cikin lokacin farawa ana nuna shi ta hanyar amfani da tsirrai da abincin dabbobi tare da bayyane bayyananne. da rabo na karshen.
Rabin farko na lokacin fara haihuwa (shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Maris - a tsakiyar Afrilu), wanda ke faruwa a lokacin ƙaura, shine lokacin tare da ƙananan ayyukan invertebrates da zazzabi mai saurin canzawa daga m saƙo zuwa matsakaici sanyi, da rabi na biyu na farkon lokacin nesting (tsakiyar ƙarshen Afrilu), wanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar karuwa matsakaita yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun kuma, saboda haka, haɓaka duka ayyukan invertebrates.
A cikin ciki 22 na finche da aka kashe a cikin lokacin tsufa, an gano abubuwa 353 na kayan abinci. Yawancin ciki kuma suna dauke da sinadarin gastrolites. Binciken abubuwan da ke cikin ciki na finches ya nuna bambancin ɗan ƙarancin haraji na tsirrai da abincin dabbobi. Abincin tsire-tsire da aka wakilta da tsirrai da sauran abubuwan shuka, ciki har da inflorescences, ba tare da fifikon kowane ɗaya daga cikin rukuni ba, bai wuce 17% na abinci na finches ba, kuma abin da ya faru shine rabin adadin adadin abubuwan ciki da aka bincika. Abincin dabbobi, akasin haka, an samo shi a cikin kowane ciki a karkashin bincike kuma a mafi yawan lokuta an wakilta shi ta hanyar arthropods kuma fiye da 60% ta kwari. Millipedes da arachnids sun hadu sau ɗaya.
A cikin kwari, daɗaɗɗen ƙwayar kwari sun mamaye (85% na adadin adadin kwari), kuma daga cikinsu ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na murhun. Hymenoptera da Lepidoptera suma sun hadu gaba ɗaya. Gabaɗaya, nau'ikan farashi, waɗanda kawai yawan masu cin abinci masu ban mamaki suke tsaye, sunkai kashi 41.07% na adadin ƙungiyar da aka gano abubuwan abinci, kuma abin da ya faru ya wuce 90%. Haka kuma, abubuwanda ke cikin 3 na 22 na ciki an wakilcesu ne ta fuskoki (tare da adadin kwaskwarimar da tayi daidai da 8.7 samfurori), kuma wani 7 - daga 50% ko sama da haka ya ƙunshi gutsuttsuran wannan gungun ƙwayar gwoza (tare da yawan adadin ƙira na 10.43). Wataƙila, yawan kuzarin, da abinci na dabba gaba ɗaya, a cikin finches farawa nan da nan tare da isowarsu. Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin nau'ikan weevils da ke rubuce a yankin Belarus ba su kai kololuwa ba a cikin lokacin da aka nuna a shekara.
Weevils suma sun kasance reshen yanki na kayan abinci a cikin abincin abinci na kajin na finch a Polesie.
An cinye abincin dabbobi a cikin lokacin da ake farauto, wanda ke faruwa a cikin kowane binciken ciki, yayin da yake riƙe da waɗannan dabi'u na adadin danginsa. Babban abinci don finch shine kwari, kuma daga cikin na ƙarshen - weevils daban-daban. Abincin tsire-tsire ba shi da mahimmanci mai mahimmanci a cikin abincin nau'in halittu a cikin lokacin nazarin shekara na shekara a Belarus.
Autumn span an fi bayyana shi a karo na biyu rabin Satumba - farkon rabin Oktoba. A lokacin hijirar kaka, masu fin fin tashi a saman fage, suna tashi saman dazuzzuka da wuraren bude wuta. Tsuntsaye suna tashi cikin garken tsuntsaye 10-30, da wuya ƙari (daga 200-300). Duwatsu na tsayawa lokaci-lokaci don ciyarwa da hutawa a cikin lambunan kayan lambu, orchards, filayen, ƙananan rani. Yawancin lokaci a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Oktoba, ana lura da ƙarshen raƙuman hanyar wucewa.
A cikin mafi yawan shekaru, mutane daban-daban hunturu (Brest, rani gida). An lura da murfin fin fin a cikin Belovezhskaya Pushcha, a yankuna da dama na Belarus.
Yankin finch ya kasance tsayayye a Belarus a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kuma an kiyasta nau'ikan miliyan 7.5-8.5.
Matsakaicin shekarun da aka yi wa rajista a Turai shine shekaru 16 watanni 4.
1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Mulkin dabbobi na Belarus. Vertebrates: littafin rubutu. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 p.
2. Nikiforov M.E., Yaminsky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Tsuntsayen Belarus: Littafin Jagora na Siffofin Mazauna Gomaje da Kwai" Minsk, 1989. -479 p.
3. Gaiduk V. ye., Abramova I. V. "Tsinkayen tsuntsaye a kudu maso yamma na Belarus. Passeriformes: tarihin duniya." Brest, 2013.
4. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. "Tsuntsayen Belarus." Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. Domantsevich D. G. "A kan abinci na finch Fringilla coelebs a cikin pre-nesting zamani a Belarus" / Jaridar Ornithological Russia 2016, Juzu'i 25, Express-saki 1359: 4252-4257
6. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) LITTAFIN jerin bayanan tarihin rayuwar tsuntsayen Turai.