Wanda GullFasalin larus) - wani nau'in tsuntsaye daga halittar Ichthyaetus na dan gull (Laridae).
Relic gull ya kai girman 44 zuwa 45 cm namiji da mace iri daya ne. Shugaban da kusan duka wuya baki ne, banda hasken fili mai launin fata tsakanin baki da idanu. A sama da ƙasa duhu idanu masu ruwan-haske zaka iya gane farin tabo. A saman shine launin toka mai haske. Farar wutsiya. Wings suna da launin toka mai haske tare da iyakokin baki akan fuka-fukan tashi. Kasa da wutsiya fari ne. A cikin lokacin hunturu, shugaban yana fari. Zoben da ke kewaye da idanun, baki da kafafu suna da ja ja. Tsuntsayen matasa suna da farin kai tare da fatar launin ruwan kasa. Gefen baki mai duhu ne tun da farko, gindi a ƙarƙashin baki ya fi wuta kuma daga baya ya zama ja-ja. Kafafu suna launin toka mai duhu. Zoben dake kewaye da idanu baki ne.
Habitat
An rarraba wuraren mulkin mazauni sosai ba tare da babban yanki ba. Adadin mulkin mazauni na mazaunin ya bambanta sosai daga shekara zuwa shekara, kuma ya dogara sosai akan yanayin rayuwar. Har zuwa yanzunnan, yankuna uku masu cikakken zaman lafiya ne aka sani a Kazakhstan, Russia da China, dubunnan kilomita kilomita daga juna, kuma ɗayansu (a Rasha) a halin yanzu bai wanzu ba. Tsuntsaye marasa kiwo suna ƙaura don hunturu zuwa Japan, Koriya ta Kudu da Vietnam.
Yankunan daulolin gulls na relict suna wurin a ƙasa da ke ƙasa da 1,500 a cikin busassun kwari, da kuma sandar rami, akan tafkunan gishiri tare da matakin ruwa mai tsayayye. Idan ana son cin nasara daga abubuwan relic, ana buƙatar yanayi mai laushi da danshi, gami da yankuna da yawa.
Abinci da Ciki
A relic gull nests a cikin mazauna, yawanci akan ƙananan tsibiran manyan tafkuna. Lokacin shiryawa yana daga farkon watan Mayu zuwa farkon watan Yuli. Yawan qwai a cikin kama daga 1 zuwa 4. Relic gull yana sanya ƙwai a karon farko lokacin yana ɗan shekara 3. Yana ciyarwa a cikin kwari, wanda 90% sune lardin sauro, soyayyen kifi da tsire-tsire. A cikin Mongolia, da wuya ya fara neman ƙawancen Brandt.
Barazanar rayuwa
Dalilin damuwa na dan adam ya ba da gudummawa ga yawan mace-macen yara a Rasha, Kazakhstan da China kuma hakan ya haifar da mummunan yanayi, musgunawa da watsar da mazauna suna yin barazanar musamman mazauna yankuna. Tashin hankali da gasa tare da sauran nau'in gulls, guguwa da ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya, suna haifar da babbar mace mace a tsakanin kajin da rage yawan amfanin wannan nau'in.
Ina yake zama
Baya ga Rasha, sikirin dajin ke ci gaba da zama a yankin wasu kasashe uku: Mongolia, China da Kazakhstan. A cikin Federationungiyar Rasha, an samo mazaunan mallaka na waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin Yankin Trans-Baikal a kan Kogin Barun-Torey, da kuma a cikin Yanayin Primorsky a tsibirin na False. Dukkanin wuraren mallakar mazaunan da aka sani an same su a tsawan sama da ya kai 1,500 a saman matakin teku a cikin m, rami. Yawancin lokaci tsuntsayen gida akan tsibiran da ke kewaye da ruwan shayin ko tabkuna, a wurare tare da canza matakan ruwa koyaushe. Abin lura ne cewa ba a sami hanyar samun ciyayi ba a wurarenda tabkuna suka bushe, tsibiran suka haɗu da gabar tekun ko kuma sun yi ƙarami da ciyayi.
Alamun waje
A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, yayin bayyanar relic gull, zaku iya lura da yawancin fasalulluka masu kama da alamu tare da blues (Larus canus). Matsakaita tsayin jikin tsuntsaye shine 44-45 cm. Sautin gaba daya shine ya mutu, kuma elytra mai launin toka ya ƙare cikin duhu launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. Beak da kafafu na kananan tsuntsaye baƙi ne. A shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, duhu duhu suka fara bayyana kan kai da wuya, kuma a farkon lokacin balaga shugaban zai zama duhu gaba daya (launin shuki zai iya bambanta daga kofi zuwa baki gaba ɗaya). Yanzu tsuntsu ya zama kamar bebaye mai launin fari (Larus melanocephalus). A cikin relic gulls a dabbar ta hanyar dacewar mace, ana yaren baki da yadudduka a cikin mulufi mai launi, kafafu sun zama ruwan lemo, idanun kuma suna ɗaure da fararen rabin rabin zoben.
Tarihi na gano nau'ikan
Sunan nau'in relic gull wanda aka karɓa daga likitan dabbobi na Sweden Lonnberg a 1931. Har zuwa shekarar 1971, an dauki tsuntsun a matsayin mai kunun-bakin-bakar fata, amma a 2005, bayan bin diddigi da aka samu na gulls, Kwamitin kasa da kasa na Ornithological ya sake sunan asalin Ichthyaetus. A kan tafkin Torey a Transbaikalia a cikin shekarar 1965, an sake gano wata masarautar giya, wacce kusan nau'ikan kiwo dari.
Relict gull (Larus relictus).
A cikin 1968, an lura da matsuguni a kan tafkin Alakol na Kazakhstan a cikin adadin 120. Wani nau'in nau'in gulls mai sauƙi ya sake ganowa a cikin 1969 ta masanin ilimin kimiyar Kazakh E. M. Auezov akan tafkin Alakol. Kafin wannan, kawai samfurin wannan tsuntsun daga Asiya ta Tsakiya an dauki shi a matsayin reshen nau'in nau'in gulls da masanan kimiyya ke san su.
Relic Gull yadawo
Ana samun Relict gull a Rasha, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, China. Tana sauka a tafkin Barun-Torei na Transbaikal Territory, a tafkin Taatzin-Tsagan-Nur a kwarin Lakes a Mongolia, tafkin Balkhash da Alakol a cikin Kazakhstan, a Tsibirin Karya a cikin Tsibirin Primorsky, a kan Ordos Plateau a cikin Inong Mongolia a China.
Relic Gull Habitats
A relic gull nests a cikin gumi da dumi yanayi. Ana samun tsuntsayen da ba kasafai a kan tsibiran da ke tsakanin tafkunan gishirin da suke a cikin yankuna da kuma hamada ba. A kan ƙaura yana zama a bakin kwarin koguna da ruwa na cikin ƙasa, a cikin hunturu yana zaune a gaɓar tekun. Ana samun mazaunan mazauna gulls na kannzir a cikin busassun ciyawa, tsakanin rami masu yashi, a tafkunan gishiri tare da matakin ruwa mai tsayayye. A relic gull nests a cikin gumi da dumi yanayi.
Kiwo daga abubuwan relic gulls
Relict gulls yayi asali yana da shekaru 2-3. A wasu shekaru, ba su da gida kwata-kwata. Ba a san bayanai game da tsammanin rayuwa ba. Sau ɗaya a kakar, mace tana sanya ƙwai 1-4 a farkon - a tsakiyar Mayu.
Tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin daulolin da yawa, a cikinsu akwai wadatattun darurruwan da yawa, wasu lokuta ,an nau'i-nau'i ana gina kusa da su.
Gidajen yanar gizo na yau da kullum suna canzawa daga shekara zuwa shekara, koda kuwa suna cikin ɗaya shafin. Relict gull nests ne unpretentious.
Fentin ƙwanƙwasa an fentin shi a cikin wani sabon launi mai banƙyama don gulls - zaitun-zaitun tare da inuwa da yumɓu kuma an rufe shi da duhu da haske.
Chicky sun bayyana bayan kwanaki 24-26. An rufe su da farin farin Fluff.
Yankunan mallaka na gusls na relict ana samun su ne a wani tsaunin ƙasa da ke ƙasa da 1,500 a cikin busassun ƙasa.
Abinci na Relic Gull
A cikin lokacin kiwo, relic gulls sami abinci a gefen gabar jikin ruwa da kuma a cikin m ruwa, kazalika a cikin steppe da kuma a cikin filayen. Babban abincin ya ƙunshi kwari, tsaba na hatsi, da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa, kifi, har ma da ƙananan ƙwayoyi. A cikin Mongolia, kayan ɓoyayyen kaya wasu lokutan suna kan ganiyar Brandt.
Yawan relic gulls
Relic seagull bisa ga Bird Life International an rarrabe shi azaman jinsin masu rauni. Yawan duniya na tsuntsaye masu balaguron jini daga mutane 2,500 zuwa 10,000, adadinsu ya kai 12,000.
Yawan adadin abubuwan fashewar abubuwa masu yawa sun bambanta sosai a cikin shekaru, dama har zuwa ɓacewar mazauna a cikin mazauninsu yayin mawuyacin yanayi. A wannan yanayin, tsuntsaye ko dai suna motsawa zuwa wasu jikin ruwa, ko kuma basu da gida kwata-kwata. A Rasha, adadin nau'ikan shekaru fiye da ashirin da suka gabata ya karu kuma a farkon 90s ya zama nau'i-nau'i na 1200. Canje-canje a lambobi suna tasiri sosai ta canje-canje a cikin ruwan ruwa na tafkunan matattara.
Relict gull nesing mazauna suna fuskantar barazanar mummunan yanayi, tursasawa, da watsi da nunin gida.
Dalilai na raguwa a yawan adadin abubuwan relic gulls
Daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke haifar da raguwar adadin relic gulls ya kamata a yi la'akari da raguwa a cikin cikewar ruwan tafkuna a cikin yankin da ke cikin jinsin da kuma yanayin yanayin yanayin yanayin illa.
Sanyi mai sanyi da ruwan sama yakan haifar da mace-mace da kaji da raguwa a adadin tsintsaye, kuma iska mai karfin gaske kan lalata mazauna yayin da ruwa yake share shinge.
Relic gulls sun cinye ƙwai na nasu jinsin, musamman idan yanayin damuwa ya tsananta yayin shiryawa da ƙyanƙyashewa.
Qwai da kajin suna halaka, a wasu shekaru kusan gaba ɗaya ta gulls na azurfa. Taolimiao-Alashan Nur, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren mallakar gulli a China, yana cikin hadarin rugujewa saboda bullo da ayyukan yawon shakatawa.
Wadannan kananan tsuntsayen haramtattun haramun ne su harba, kamawa da yin jigilar kayayyaki daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa.
Kariya na relic gulls
An jera relic gull a cikin CITES Shafi 1, IUCN-96 Jerin Red, Shafi na 1 na yarjejeniyar Bonn, Karin bayani game da yarjejeniyar da aka kammala tsakanin Rasha da Jamhuriyar Koriya akan kare tsuntsayen masu hijira. Ana kiyaye nau'in nau'in gulls mai sauƙi a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na Daursky.
A cikin wuraren kiwo na nau'in, ya zama dole don rage matsalar rikice-rikice a cikin mazauna har ma da ma'aikatan muhalli, ya zama dole a yi amfani da hanyoyin lura da nesa a duk lokacin da zai yiwu yayin lokacin kiwo. Idan an gano sabon rukunin yanar gizo na abubuwan fashewa na relic gulls, ya kamata a ɗauke su ƙarƙashin kariyar ta wucin gadi.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Rayuwa
Relict gulls ya jagoranci rayuwar mulkin mallaka. Sun gwammace su sayi abinci, ci gaba da tsere, da kare kansu daga masu hasashen tare da danginsu. Cakuda ƙauyuka, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan iri-iri, kusan bai taɓa faruwa ba. Tsuntsaye sun fara farawa tun yana dan kimanin shekaru uku. Suna da kyau zaɓi wani wuri don shirya gida kuma suna ƙoƙarin gina shi ba kusa da 40 cm daga maƙwabta. Gida ita ce ƙaramin ɓacin rai a cikin yashi wanda aka liƙe da ciyawa. Mace tana daga kwaya ɗaya zuwa huɗu, waɗanda mahaifan biyu suka yi kusan shekaru 26. Chan ƙananan kajin ana fentin surar fararen fata kuma suna riƙe kananan garken ƙasa har sai makonni uku da haihuwa. A wannan lokacin, iyaye suna ciyar da su abincin da ke narkewa kaɗan daga gemunsu. Manyan relic gulls suna ciyar da abinci iri daban-daban, musamman lardin sauro, gami da soyayyen kifi da tsirrai. A cikin hunturu, ana farauta ƙananan ɓarna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Wani relic gull shine sake fasalin lokacin karatun, kuma shine abinda ke tantance sunan shi. An yi imanin cewa mazaunin tsohuwar Tekun Tethys ce, wacce ta kasance a cikin Mesozoic tsakanin tsoffin ƙasashen Gondwana da Laurasia. A cikin 1929, an kwatanta nau'in samfurin daga yankin Gobi na hamada a gabashin Mongolia. Na dogon lokaci, shi ne ya kasance kawai ya tabbatar da gaskiyar kimiyya game da wanzuwar relic gulls, wanda har zuwa 1971 ana ɗaukar ƙananan raunin fatar baki ne (Larus melanocephalus). A cikin shekarar 1965, an sami nau'ikan kiwo 100 a Tsibirin Torean na Transbaikalia, bayan shekara uku kuma kimanin karin 120 ake kiwo a tsibirin Alakol a Kazakhstan. A shekara ta 2010 zuwa 2020, an sami wadatattun mazaunin kusan 7,000 a yankin Ordos Plateau na Tsakiyar Asiya.
A cikin Littafin Red of Russia
Relic gull yana da matukar ƙaddara, har ma a lokacinmu, lokacin da wannan nau'in ke ƙarƙashin kariya, har yanzu yana cikin haɗari. Dangane da ƙididdigar marasa galihu na masana kimiyya, yawan rean Adam a duniya na iya zama daga mutane dubu 15 zuwa 30. A bangaren mutane, babbar barazanar ita ce rikicewar damuwa, wanda tsuntsaye ke matukar kulawa. A cikin rikicewar yanayin kiwo mai rikicewar gulls, tsoro ya tashi nan take. Kamar dai ta hanyar sarkar sarkar, masonry da jaket ɗin ƙasa an lalace, kuma yawancin 'ya'yan suna mutu. Tsuntsaye masu jan kunne suna fallasawa zuwa tasirin mummunar yanayin mummunan yanayi: ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da iska. Matsin lamba na mafarauta yana karuwa, haka kuma gasa tare da wasu nau'in gulls. Tsuntsaye suna fama da gurbacewar masana'antu na mazauninsu na asali wanda ya haifar da aiki da rijiyoyin mai, gina hanyoyin sufuri, masana'antu da masana'antu. Yawan adadin abubuwan relic a duk fadin kasar nada matukar mahimmanci, saboda haka duk kasar da suke zaune a yankunanta, tana kokarin daukar matakan kare ta. A cikin Rasha, an dakatar da harbi tsuntsaye, kuma ana kiyaye kariya daga mazaunan mallaka kansu a cikin ajiyar Tsasucheysko-Toreysky. A Kazakhstan, a bakin tafkin Alakol, inda ake da relic gest, ana shirya ajiyar yanayi. A karkashin kariyar doka akwai wasu yankuna na jinsunan a Mongolia.