Daga cikin nau'ikan tsire-tsire 12,000 na sama, sama da 9,000 suna girma ne kawai a cikin ƙasashen Australiya. Daga cikinsu akwai nau'ikan eucalyptus da Acacia, mafi tsirrai tsirrai a Australia. A lokaci guda, akwai irin wannan tsire-tsire a cikin Kudancin Amurka, Afirka ta Kudu da tsibiran tsibiran Malay. Wannan yana nuna cewa miliyoyin shekaru da yawa da suka wuce akwai hanyoyin haɗin ƙasa tsakanin nahiyoyin.
Tun da yanayin yawancin Australiya yana alamar iska mai ƙarfi, tsire-tsire masu bushe-bushe suna mamaye tsintsiyarsa: hatsi na musamman, bishiyar eucalyptus, laima acacias, bishiyoyi masu kyau (itacen kwalba). Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi suna tsotse danshi daga zurfafan ruwa. Kunkuntar da busassun ganyen bishiyoyin ana fentinsu a cikin launin mara nauyi-launi mai launi. A cikin wasun su, ganyen yana fuskantar rana da wani gefen, wanda ke taimakawa rage fitar da ruwa daga farfajiyar su.
Theasar da ke tsakiyar sassan na Afirka, inda yake da zafi da bushe, ana saninsa da ɗanɗano, kusan ƙawancen katako mai ƙarewa.
Dabbobin Australiya
Kyakkyawan wakilci na dangin rashin kunya shine frog itace, ko arborea, itace mai itace mai launi mai haske.
Hakanan a Ostiraliya akwai nau'ikan aku iri daban-daban.
Ofaya daga cikin fasalin fauna na Australiya shine cewa babu manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa na asalin halitta. Dabbobin da ke da hatsarin gaske sune kare mai kare. Austronesians ne suka kawo shi, wanda yayi ciniki da Aborigines na Australiya daga 3000 BC. e.
Shaidan na Tasmaniyya - mafi girma daga cikin magabatan zamani. Cikakkun launuka mai launin baki, babbar baki tare da haƙoran haƙora, kukan dare da mummunar dabi'a ya ba mazaunan Turai na farko da dalilin kiran wannan maƙiyan shaidan.
Wannan dabbar tana cikin halittar Sarcophilus (wanda aka samo daga tsohuwar Hellenanci σάρξ shine “nama” da φιλέω ““ Ina ƙauna ”, wanda za a iya fassara shi a matsayin“ mai son jiki ”). Wannan karamin dabba ce girman kare, duk da haka, halin, dabi'un da launi sun fi kama da dwarf dabbar. Tsawon jikinsa shine 50-80 cm, wutsiya - 23-30 cm, tsayi a ƙ theƙasassu - har zuwa 30 cm, da nauyi - kimanin kilogram 12.
Haka kuma akwai mahaukata a nan - ramuka masu ramuka na ganyayyaki waɗanda suke kamar ƙananan bears.
Fauna na Australiya ya hada da nau'ikan dabbobi kusan dubu 200, kuma daga cikinsu - adadi na musamman na musamman waɗanda ke rayuwa ne kawai a Australia. 83% na dabbobi masu shayarwa, 89% na dabbobi masu rarrafe, 90% na kifi da 93% na amphibians asalinsu ne zuwa Ostiraliya kuma gaba ɗaya sun bambanta da sauran duniyar. Duniyar dabbobi ta nahiyar gaba daya bata da birrai, dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi.
Koala, ko marsupial bear, wani wakili ne mai haske na masarautar dabba ta Australiya, wanda aka sani a duk duniya. Koalas suna rayuwa kusan rayukansu a cikin rawanin bishiyar eucalyptus. Sun daidaita don cin harbe da ganyen eucalyptus, wanda ke dauke da karancin furotin, amma tarin abubuwan phenolic da terpene, mai guba ga yawancin dabbobi.
Idan koala bai yi bacci ba, yakan zauna tsawon awanni biyu ba shi yin motsi, yana ɗaure reshe ko gangar jikin itacen da gabansa. Koala ba shi da motsi awanni 16-18 a rana.
A yanayi, akwai nau'ikan kangaroos 69. Za'a iya kasu kashi uku:
- mafi karami sune berayen kangaroo,
- matsakaici - wallaby,
- giant kangaroos. Su ne mafi shahara. Wannan babban katon kangaroo tare da misalin ƙusoshin ƙyalli wanda aka nuna a kan alama ta Ostiraliya.
Sama da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 800 ne ke rayuwa a nahiyar. Manyan shahararrun wakilai sune cassowary da emu, black Swan, parrots har ma penguins.
A cikin fauna na Australiya, akwai kusan 860 jinsunan dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Yankunan da basu da haushi sune na areasashen sun kasance wurin babban mai kula da kayan maye, ruwan ɓe baki, ƙyalƙyali mai walƙiya, shuffiyar kabet da kuma masu ƙara kamar jijiyoyi.
Ostiraliya na da mafi yawan adadin macizai masu guba a cikin duniya, daga cikinsu mafi haɗarin su ne mutanen taipans.
Daga cikin magabatan teku, jagora da ba'a yarda dashi ba shine teku (ko kuma combed) kada, wanda yake iyo a cikin koguna har zuwa ciki na nahiya kuma yana bambanta da girman sa. Brotheran uwan nasa, macijin ruwa ba shi da haɗari.
Akwai kuma platypus - dabbobi masu shayarwar kwai, wanda aka samo a gabas ta Australia da kuma Tasmania kawai.
Sama da nau'ikan kifaye 4,400 ne aka samu a cikin ruwan Australia da kewayenta, amma 170 daga cikinsu ne ruwa mai tsarkakakku. A wannan yankin akwai nau'ikan kifayen kifaye da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai masu hatsari ga mutane. Ba abin mamaki ba Ostiraliya da Oceania saman jerin wuraren yankuna masu “shark-hadari”.
Rich a cikin ruwa wanke Australia da cephalopods. Daga cikin shahararrun jinsunan akwai octopuses masu launin shuɗi, ana sanya su a cikin dabbobi masu guba a duniya, da kuma katon kifin Australia.
Flora na Ostiraliya
Halin yanayi na musamman da wurin Australiya ya ƙaddara asalin flora da fauna.
Alamar kayan lambu na Ostiraliya ana ɗaukar shi eucalyptus. Babbar itace tana da tushen da ke da ƙarfi wanda ke zuwa ƙasa na tsawon 20, ko ma mita 30! Itace mai ban mamaki ta saba da yanayin bushewar Australiya. Itatuwan bishiyar Eucalyptus da ke girma kusa da fadama su sami damar jawo ruwa daga tafki kuma ta haka magudanar fadama. Ta haka ne, alal misali, gurɓataccen ƙasar Colchis a bakin tekun Caucasus. Bugu da kari, eucalyptus yana da kunkuntar ganye wanda aka juye zuwa rana ta gefen wani gefen. Ka yi tunanin wata babbar bishiyar eucalyptus, kuma babu kusan inuwa a ciki!
Gaban gabashin gabashin Australia, inda Tekun Pacific ta wanke shi, an binne shi a cikin matsanancin bamboo. Kusa da zuwa kudu akwai itatuwan kwalban, 'ya'yan itacen waɗanda suke kama da siffar kwalban. Aborigines suna basu ruwa ruwa.
Yankin daji mai yawa da ke ƙasa yana girma a arewa. Anan zaka iya ganin manyan itatuwan dabino da ciyawa. Acacia da pandanus, dawakai da ferns suna haɓaka duk kusa da tekun arewa, inda hazo ya faɗi mafi yawa. Kusa da zuwa kudu, gandun daji na bakin ciki. Yankin savannah yana farawa, wanda a cikin bazara wata katuwar busasshiyar ciyawa ce mai tsayi, kuma a lokacin bazara, ya bushe, ya ƙone kuma ya juya ya zama ƙaƙƙarfan hamada. Yankin Tsakiya Australia yanki ne mai makiyaya.
Amma mutanen Turai sun kawo kyawawan tsire-tsire zuwa Australia. Bayan da aka sami mulkin mallakar yankin ne ya sanya auduga, flax, alkama, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa halayyar filayen Turawa suka fara girma a nan.
Dabbobin daji na Australia
Fauna na Australiya yana da wadatar gaske kuma yana da bambanci. Siffar farko ta duniyar dabbobi: Ostiraliya tana da dumbin dabbobi masu ban sha'awa, watau dabbobi waɗanda yanzu ba a same su a duniyar ba. Wannan, hakika, kangaroos da koalas, waɗanda aka sani a matsayin alamomin asalin kudanci. Kangaroo kadai yana da janareta 17 kuma sama da iri 50. Mafi karami daga cikinsu dogaye 20-23 cm ne, kuma mafi girma sune tsayi cm cm 160 Shin ka san cewa akwai berayen kangaroo, dutsen da kangaroos da ma kangaroo derby? Koyaya, a Ostiraliya kanta, kalmar "kangaroo" tana nufin wakilai biyu ne kawai na wannan marsupials: manyan gilashin launin toka da ja. Sauran ana kiransu wallabies.
Hakanan akwai kuma platypuses masu ban mamaki, squirrels brave, flying by bishiya zuwa bishiya, mummunan echidna, lizard-kamar lizards wadanda zasu iya motsawa akan kafafu biyu. Alƙawura da abubuwan mallaka, masu daraja don ajalinsu, suna zaune a dazuzzukan Australiya. Fuka-fukai masu tashi suna kyan gani na jini, kodayake suna kan ciyayi da furanni. Amma wanene da gaske muni - waɗannan manyan jemage ne na Australiya. Tsuntsu na waɗannan dabbobin na iya isa mita 1.5, kuma nauyi - har zuwa 1 kg!
Akwai tsuntsaye da yawa da suka rayu a waɗannan ƙasashe ƙarni. Waɗannan ostriches emu masu ƙarfi, manyan katako, ɗakuna, suna shelar gandun daji Australia tare da kuka. Waɗannan tsuntsayen furanni ne, waɗanda twitter ɗin yayi kama da sauti na kayan kiɗan da kugunan kambi. Tafiya cikin gandun daji na Australia zaka iya jin sautin kama da dariyar mutane. Kookaburras, tsuntsayen Australiya masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, ƙwanƙwasa. Yawancin tsuntsaye masu launi masu haske.
A kudu, zaka iya samun penguins waɗanda suka zo daga Antarctic. Ruwa ya malala manyan kifayen Whales, wanda, da farkon yanayin sanyi, yayi ƙaura zuwa arewacin Afirka. Akwai dabbar dolphins da kifin sharrin jini. Kogunan Ostireliya sun zama gida ga manyan yakunan. Babbar Gangaren Gida ita ce mulkin murjani da polyps, ɓarna da ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa.
Fasali na biyu na Ostireliya: babu dabbobi masu shayarwa daga ajin masu farauta, ban da kawai wakilin wannan nau'in: karnukan daji Dingo.
Turawa ma sun kawo dabbobin gida a Australia. Tun daga lokacin mulkin mallaka, garken tumaki mai ƙiba sun fara bijirar sararin samaniya na Australiya. Awaki, shanu da dawakai, karnuka da kuliyoyi sun bayyana.
Yanayin aiki
Yanayin mai yanayin yana ratsa yankin kudu maso gabas a fili da Tasmania kuma ya wuce arewacin gefen gabar gabas zuwa yanki mai zafi. Yankin yanayin zafin jiki ya shahara saboda yawancin tsirrai da tsirrai masu tsayi.
A cikin tsaunukan Australiya da shimfidar wuraren tsaunuka na Tasmania, galibin ciyayi masu tsayi ana samun su. A gefen gabas zuwa Tasmania akwai hannun jari na pines. Latterarshen suna a matsayi na biyu bayan eucalyptus dangane da mahimmancin tattalin arziƙinsu.
Yankunan bishiyar eucalyptus sun mamaye wuraren dazuzzuka, wurare masu dumin gaske da kuma ban ruwa sosai a kudu maso gabas da kudu maso yamma. Tasmania sanannu ne don dazuzzukan kudan zuma.
Yankin bushewa
Yankin bushewa yana cikin duka tsakiyar, m yankuna kuma a yamma na biyar na biyar. Ciyayi yana dacewa da yanayin ƙasa. Waɗannan sune galibi bishiyar eucalyptus da itacen ɓaure (jimlar 500). A Yammacin Ostiraliya, akwai nau'ikan eucalyptus iri biyu, waɗanda ake kira Jarra da Karri Eucalyptus. Ana jin daɗin su saboda itace mai ƙarfi da dorewa.
Ostiraliya na da nau'ikan tsire-tsire kusan 2,000 da aka shigo da su. Yawancinsu sun zo kasar ne tare da bunkasa harkar noma, dabbobi da gandun daji. An yi imanin cewa kafin Turawan mulkin mallaka na Turawa na farko, kwata na ƙasar ya cika da tsiran savannah, bishiyoyi da gandun daji. Yawancin tsire-tsire na gida an lalata su don samun hanya don mulkin mallaka da amfani da aikin gona. Wannan ya haifar da ɓarnatar da bacewar fiye da nau'in 80 na tsirrai na asali. Zuwa yau, wani nau'in 840 na cikin haɗari. Sabili da haka, a Ostiraliya akwai babban ajiyar yanayi. Kusan kashi 12% na yankin an ayyana shi yana mai kariya.
Babban mahimmancin kowane tafiya zuwa Australia shine dabbobin daji na musamman na na biyar. Pewarewar dabbobi shine cewa suna zaune ne a Australia ko a cikin gidan dabbobi.
Frogi
An samo shi a kusan dukkanin yankunan Australia. Ba wai kawai a gabar tekun New South Wales da Tasmania ba ne. A duk faɗin duniya zaka iya ganin ɗayansu ne a cikin nau'ikan aku hudu da aka samo a Ostiraliya. Abin da ake kira lorikeets suna da ɗan hankali. Ku ci abinci kai tsaye daga hannu. Cockatoo za'a iya gani ko'ina.
Cabillan
Hakanan ana samun wadatattun karnukan duniya, da ake kira ruwan teku (gishiri), a Ostiraliya. Kyakyawan kifi na Salmon na iya yin girma har zuwa mita 6 a tsayi kuma ana ɗaukar su masu rikitarwa da haɓaka. Saboda haka, ya kamata ka taɓa yin iyo a cikin koguna ko tafkunan da basu da isassun. Wannan na iya zama da m. Kada kuliyoyi kawai suke a cikin ruwan gishiri, har ma a bakin kogin. An ga halittun dabbobi masu nisan kilomita 300 daga bakin tekun.
Koala
Australiya kuma gida ce ga koalas. Ana iya ganin su ba kawai a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi ba, har ma a cikin sararin sama. Mafi yawa suna zaune a kan rawanin bishiyar eucalyptus. Koalas ba kawai tsalle daga itace zuwa itace ba, suna zaune a ƙasa. Don komawa zuwa tushen abinci, ganye, suna manne dabbobinsu a cikin haushi kuma hawa dutsen.
Yara masu haɗari a cikin ruwa
Ina mamaki da yawa dabbobi masu hatsarin gaske suna rayuwa a bakin tekun Australia? Yawancinsu suna kama da marasa lahani, kuma wasu suna mutuwa.
Yankin shark, kusan tsawon 2 m, ba shi da lahani ga mutane. A cewar kididdigar, a kowace shekara mutane masu kashe kwakwa ke mutuwa a Australia fiye da hare-haren yan kunar bakin wake. Yaya kifayen kifaye biyu da suka samu kansu a bakin tekun ya dogara da ruwan zafin jiki.
Tabar wiwi mai dauke da kunnuwa shuɗi yana ɗaya daga cikin dabbobi masu guba a duniya. Guba na iya kashe dattijo a cikin minti. Duk da yake babu wani maganin rigakafi, kawai sanannun jiyya sune tausa zuciya da juyawar mutum, har sai jikin ya aiwatar da guba.
Ga masu iyo, kifin teku sun fi hatsari sharks. Tsarin teku ɗan itace jellyfish ne, wanda aka ɗauke shi a matsayin mafi ƙarancin dabbiyar dabba a duniya. Yana da tanti 15 har zuwa tsayi mita uku, kuma gurɓataccen da ake da shi ya isa mutane 200. Kowace shekara, mutane da yawa suna mutuwa daga haɗuwa da wannan jellyfish fiye da hare-hare na shark.
Abin da ake kira kifin dutse, kamar yadda sunan yake nuna, ya fi kama da dutse. Tana da alamomi 70 masu rarrabawa a jikinta. Daga cikin kashin 70, 18 masu guba ne. Idan ba a fara ba da magani nan da nan bayan an tuntuɓi kifin ƙuraje, da guba na iya zama m. Yana faruwa ne musamman a ƙarshen rabin Australiya. A can, kifayen suna zaune a kan murjani na murjani, galibi kusa da duwatsu ko kai tsaye akan duwatsu.
Yankin yanki na Australia
Isasar tana kan ƙananan tsibiri na duniya, tsibirin Tasmania da kuma wasu ƙananan tsibirai. Kasar tana cikin kogin kudu, nesa da sauran nahiyoyi. Yankin ƙasar, wanda aka fassara sunan shi daga kalmar Latin "australis" - "kudanci", an ƙaddara ta gaɓar tekun, tekuna masu wanka babban yankin.
- Murjani
- Tasmanovo
- Timor
- Arafura Sea,
- Bassa Zamani,
- Torres.
Babban yanki shine mamaye hamada, jejin hamada. Babban yankin yana wucewa ta mashigar arewa. Tana da filayen tsaunuka tare da ciyawa masu ban sha'awa, gandun daji na wurare masu ban sha'awa. Abokin Australia mafi kusa shine Papua New Guinea. Babban birnin kasar shi ne Canberra. Lokaci shine 7 hours gaba na Moscow a cikin hunturu da 8 hours a lokacin rani. A tsakanin jihohin sansanonin, lokaci ya banbanta da minti 30. Nahiyar ta kasance a yankin da ake aiwatar da yankuna huɗu na canjin yanayi: yanayin zafi, yanayin zafi, ƙasa mai ƙarfi da ke cikin tsibirin Tasmania. Watan hunturu sun hada da Yuni, Yuli, Agusta.
Manyan maki
Karamin yanki na duniyar yana da maki zuwa ga iyakar ta:
- gabas shine Cape Byron tare da daidaitawa 28 ° 38′15. s. w. 153 ° 38′14 ″ in d
- yammacin shine Cape Stip-Pois tare da daidaitawa 26 ° kudu maso gabas da 13 ° gabas mai nisa,
- Kudancin - Cape South Point tare da daidaitawa 39 ° kudu maso gabas da 146 ° gabas mai nisa,
- Arewa - Cape York tare da daidaitawa da 10 ° kudu maso gabas, 140 ° gabas mai nisa.
Sunan ƙasa na zamani ya bayyana a farkon karni. A da, ana kiran wasu ɓangarorin yankin sunayen masu gano abubuwa. Misali, Dutch ya kira arewacin kasar New Holland. Yankin gabashin (yankin na Ingilishi) ana kiransa New South Wales. Bayan ya yi tafiya a kewayen babban tsibiri karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Matthew Flinders, sunansa na ainihi ya bayyana.
Tsayi da yanki
Kasar ta mamaye daukacin nahiyar. Yankin ta shine 7 682 300 km². Kusan yanki ne na Amurka ba tare da Alaska ba. Tsawon yankin ƙasar Australiya a cikin arewa-kudu shine 3200 km, yamma-gabas - 4100 km. Yankin tare da tsibirin Tasmania ya yi daidai da kilomita dubu ɗari da arba'in da bakwai da dari bakwai da dubu dari bakwai da arba'in da ɗaya. Tsawon bakin tekun ban da tsibirai ya kai kilomita 35,877. Babban adadin jama'ar Australiya (80 cikin miliyan 22) suna zaune a cikin birane. Babban birni na Australiya babban birni ne na zamani mai cikakken halin rayuwa.
Sauyin yanayi
Matsayin babban yankin, tasirin yanayin yanayin teku biyu shine manyan bangarori uku na canjin yanayi a kansa:
- Tropical. Tana can a tsakiyar ƙasar. A lokacin rani, zazzabi anan na iya isa + 45 ° С yayin rana kuma ya faɗi kusan zuwa 0 da dare.
- Subtropical, yana rufe yankuna na kudanci na nahiyar. A cikin wadannan yankuna, canjin yanayi ya bayyana.
- Harshen Subequatorial. Tana can arewacin ƙasar. Babban halayen ana daukar daidaitaccen yanayin zafin jiki daidai a cikin shekara. Kimanin + 24 ° C ne da kuma yawan ruwan sama.
- Yankin na huɗu mai yanayin zafi ana ɗauka a matsayin ƙaramin yanki na tsibirin Tasmania.
Babban sashi yana mamaye wuraren hamada, filayen. Kananan duwatsun suna cikin kudu maso gabashin nahiyar. Babban kogin ana kiransa Murray. Yanayin ƙasa mai tazara ta tsakiyar Ostireliya an sifanta ta da Babban Rashin rarraba, wanda ya shimfiɗa gefen gefen gabas don nisan mil 3,000.
Dabbobin daji
A kan wata ƙasa mai zaman kanta, mutum zai iya yin mamakin dadewa idan aka haɗa abubuwan gani da abubuwan da mutum ya yi. Abubuwan al'ajabi na tsarin gine-gine na zamani tare da dabbobin daji marasa tsayi na kasar, suna kiyaye numfashin tsohuwar tekuna, tekuna, ƙonewa ƙ asa.
Kusan nau'ikan tsire-tsire 20,000, waɗanda kusan kashi 90% ba a samun su a ko ina a duniya, suna cike da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, filaye, tsaunika, gandun daji na ƙasar. Daga cikin ciyawar da ba a saba ba, an kiyaye wakilan mutanen Gondwana na d. A.
Sai kawai a nan za ku iya ganin oviparous dabbobi masu shayarwa (platypus, echidna), ku ji tsoro yayin haɗuwa da bandicoot (babban bera), sadu da shaidan Tasmaniyya, ku ga babban tsutsa na ruwa (tsayinsa 3 mita). Ko kuma a lura da mafi girma a cikin murfin murjani a duniyar tamu da dunƙulewar ƙarancin ƙarancin itace, kunkuru mai zurfi, dugong, kifin da ba a sani ba.
Dabbobin Jiki Australia
Masana sun danganta namun dajin kasar ga wadannan nau'ikan:
- Tsarin rayuwar babban yanki shine nau'in 140 na marsupials. Daga cikin su akwai kangaroos, koalas, nambats. Kwanan nan, an gano ragowar tsohuwar zaki a cikin yankuna na arewacin,
- sama da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 370 da suke rayuwa a doron ƙasa, da kuma ruwan teku 50
- 300 nau'in lizards,
- 140 nau'ikan macizai,
- Tsarin tsuntsaye 820.
Wayewar da ta zo yankin “ta taimaka” da yawa nau'in fauna da flora. A lokaci guda, sabon nau'in dabbobi da ciyayi sun fito nan da ba na ƙasar ba.
Masu Kulla
A mafi tarancin duniyar tamu, a cikin dazuzzukan daji, masu farautar kusan ba su nan. Wakilan cikin gida na fauna sun dace da yanayin canjin yanayi, suka kirkiro da nasu hanyar rayuwa. Yawancin shekaru dubbai da suka gabata, manyan masu cin abincin anan sun kasance karnukan dingo (masu kama da kerkeci da dawakai). Yanzu Australiya suna fama da kuli-kuli na fure, waɗanda suka zama ainihin abin da ke faruwa.
Wakilan dabbobi masu zuwa na duniyar dabbobi suna gabatar da mummunan haɗari ga nahiyar:
- Aikin Saltwater. Suna jin girma a cikin ruwan tabkuna, fadama, koguna da ruwan teku mai gishiri. Yiwuwar haduwa da shi yana da matukar muhimmanci. Saurin motsi a cikin ruwa na kada kai ya kai kilomita 27 / h. Wannan shi ne mafi tsananin rikicewa da sauri a duniya. Nauyinta ya kai tan biyu.
- Babban farin Shark. Ana kiranta sau da yawa "farin mutuwa." Yanzu yana gab da halakarwa kuma dokokin jihar ke kiyaye shi.
- Gizo-gizo, macizai. Wannan duniyar tamu ce da ba a iya gani don mugunta, dabbobi masu guba. Daga cikin su - maciji mai-amo, kwararen hamada, gizo-gizo bazawara, Atrax robustus, gizo-gizo mai walƙiya a Sydney.
- Kuma a cikin ruwayen tekuna da teku, zai fi kyau a taɓa haɗuwa da daskararre mai launin shuɗi, jellyfish da Irukanju, cubomedusa.
Duk wani tafiya a cikin yankunan da ke da kariya na Australiya, kasance a kan rairayin bakin teku, yin iyo cikin ruwan teku, ya kamata sararin teku ya yi taka tsantsan.
Masu Kulla
A mafi tarancin duniyar tamu, a cikin dazuzzukan daji, masu farautar kusan ba su nan. Wakilan cikin gida na fauna sun dace da yanayin canjin yanayi, suka kirkiro da nasu hanyar rayuwa. Yawancin shekaru dubbai da suka gabata, manyan masu cin abincin anan sun kasance karnukan dingo (masu kama da kerkeci da dawakai). Yanzu Australiya suna fama da kuli-kuli na fure, waɗanda suka zama ainihin abin da ke faruwa.
Wakilan dabbobi masu zuwa na duniyar dabbobi suna gabatar da mummunan haɗari ga nahiyar:
- Aikin Saltwater. Suna jin girma a cikin ruwan tabkuna, fadama, koguna da ruwan teku mai gishiri. Yiwuwar haduwa da shi yana da matukar muhimmanci. Saurin motsi a cikin ruwa na kada kai ya kai kilomita 27 / h. Wannan shi ne mafi tsananin rikicewa da sauri a duniya. Nauyinta ya kai tan biyu.
- Babban farin Shark. Ana kiranta sau da yawa "farin mutuwa." Yanzu yana gab da halakarwa kuma dokokin jihar ke kiyaye shi.
- Gizo-gizo, macizai. Wannan duniyar tamu ce da ba a iya gani don mugunta, dabbobi masu guba. Daga cikin su - maciji mai-amo, kwararen hamada, gizo-gizo bazawara, Atrax robustus, gizo-gizo mai walƙiya a Sydney.
- Kuma a cikin ruwayen tekuna da teku, zai fi kyau a taɓa haɗuwa da daskararren shuɗi, jellyfish da Irukanju, cubomedusa.
Duk wani tafiya a cikin yankunan da ke da kariya na Australiya, kasance a kan rairayin bakin teku, yin iyo cikin ruwan teku, ya kamata sararin teku ya yi taka tsantsan.
Dabbobin dabbobi
A ɓangaren duniya akwai dabbobi da yawa daban da ke rayuwa kawai a nan. Daga cikin su, mafi yawa an sanya wa dabbobi masu shayarwa ne. Sakamakon keɓancewar zuriyar da ke girma, sun sami damar kiyaye yawan jama'a a Yankin Green.
Shahararrun wakilan dabbobi masu rauni a Australia sune:
- cin abinci. Wani nau'in kare na musamman da ya zo Australia shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata. Yanzu ana kallon dingo mafi girma a cikin zuriya na nahiyar,
- kangaroo wanda ya zama alama ta kasar. Wannan babban ja ne, gandun daji, tsauni, wallaby ko itace kangaroo,
- koala ko bers. Danginsa mafi kusanci shine wombat, baya rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyin eucalyptus, amma a cikin burrows da cin termites,
- ruwan fulawa,
- Moloch Wannan maganin kashin kaji ne. A yayin hadari, sai ta koma cikin zoben kuma ta canza launi kamar chameleon,
- fox mai tashi. Wasu lokuta ana kiranta kare mai kare. Dabba tana ciyarwa a kan fikafikan nisan kusan 1.5 m tare da abincin shuka,
- zomo bandicoot. Dabba dabba, ba dare ba rana,
- Ostrich Emu, cassowary.
Masu Kulla
A mafi tarancin duniyar tamu, a cikin dazuzzukan daji, masu farautar kusan ba su nan. Wakilan cikin gida na fauna sun dace da yanayin canjin yanayi, suka kirkiro da nasu hanyar rayuwa. Yawancin shekaru dubbai da suka gabata, manyan masu cin abincin anan sun kasance karnukan dingo (masu kama da kerkeci da dawakai) Yanzu Australiya suna fama da kuli-kuli na fure, waɗanda suka zama ainihin abin da ke faruwa.
Wakilan dabbobi masu zuwa na duniyar dabbobi suna gabatar da mummunan haɗari ga nahiyar:
- Aikin Saltwater. Suna jin girma a cikin ruwan tabkuna, fadama, koguna da ruwan teku mai gishiri. Yiwuwar haduwa da shi yana da matukar muhimmanci. Saurin motsi a cikin ruwa na kada kai ya kai kilomita 27 / h. Wannan shi ne mafi tsananin rikicewa da sauri a duniya. Nauyinta ya kai tan biyu.
- Babban farin Shark. Ana kiranta sau da yawa "farin mutuwa." Yanzu yana gab da halakarwa kuma dokokin jihar ke kiyaye shi.
- Gizo-gizo, macizai. Wannan duniyar tamu ce da ba a iya gani don mugunta, dabbobi masu guba. Daga cikin su - maciji mai-amo, kwararen hamada, gizo-gizo bazawara, Atrax robustus, gizo-gizo mai walƙiya a Sydney.
- Kuma a cikin ruwayen tekuna da teku, zai fi kyau a taɓa haɗuwa da daskararren shuɗi, jellyfish da Irukanju, cubomedusa.
Duk wani tafiya a cikin yankunan da ke da kariya na Australiya, kasance a kan rairayin bakin teku, yin iyo cikin ruwan teku, ya kamata sararin teku ya yi taka tsantsan.
Dabbobin dabbobi
A ɓangaren duniya akwai dabbobi da yawa daban da ke rayuwa kawai a nan. Daga cikin su, mafi yawa an sanya wa dabbobi masu shayarwa ne. Sakamakon saɓanin offspringan girma, sun sami damar iya ƙidaya yawan jama'a a kan ƙasa na Yankin Green.
Shahararrun wakilan dabbobi masu rauni a Australia sune:
- cin abinci. Wani nau'in kare na musamman da ya zo Australia shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata. Yanzu ana kallon dingo mafi girma a cikin zuriya na nahiyar,
- kangaroo wanda ya zama alama ta kasar. Wannan babban ja ne, gandun daji, tsauni, wallaby ko itace kangaroo,
- koala ko bers. Danginsa mafi kusanci shine wombat, baya rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyin eucalyptus, amma a cikin burrows da cin termites,
- ruwan fulawa,
- Moloch Wannan maganin kashin kaji ne. A yayin hadari, sai ta koma cikin zoben kuma ta canza launi kamar chameleon,
- fox mai tashi. Wasu lokuta ana kiranta kare mai kare. Dabba tana ciyarwa a kan fikafikan nisan kusan 1.5 m tare da abincin shuka,
- zomo bandicoot. Dabba dabba, ba dare ba rana,
- Ostrich Emu, cassowary.
Kyawawan tsirrai
Tsawon lokaci na warewar ɓangaren duniya, yanayin yanayi mai ban sha'awa ya ba da izinin ƙirƙirar duniyar tsire-tsire masu tsiro. Kwararrun sun bambanta nau'ikan 12,000 na tsirrai masu girma, kuma 9,000 daga cikinsu suna da matsala.
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa ga duk nahiyar suna da yawa nau'ikan Acacia, eucalyptus. Yanayin bushewa yana ba da damar bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire masu yawa don tsira saboda tsarin tushen ƙarfi, wanda yake tafiya zuwa mita 30. Daga cikin dogayen ganye, busassun furanni, furanni masu kyan gani sun bayyana akan yawancin su.
Banksy
Itace mai kullun itace mallakar gidan Proteus. Plantungiyar ta samo sunanta da girmamawa ga masanin ilimin botanist Joseph Banks, wanda ya halarci tafiya tare da James Cook. A Ostiraliya, akwai nau'ikan tsirrai iri iri 170. Kyakkyawan inflorescences dinsu kamar kyandir mai kyalli ne. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, a hankali suna juye a cikin cones, suna cike da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙoshin ƙwaro. Tare da eucalyptus, Banksy yana cikin alamun ƙasar.
Shukewar ciyayi
Ana samun tsire-tsire na musamman a sassa daban-daban na nahiyar. Mafi yawan bambancin ana lura da su a kudu maso yamma. Anan, dabbobin daji ana daukar su mafi yawan halaye ga ƙasar. Yana da mafi ƙarancin jinsunan da aka shigo da su daga wasu nahiyoyi. A tsibirin Tasmania, zaku iya ganin tsoffin nau'ikan tsire-tsire na Antarctic. A ɓangarorin arewaci da gabas, lokacin da ake samun ciyawar bishiyar itacen dabino da na dabino suna haushi.
Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire ne da ke saurin faruwa a Australia:
Waratah
Babban inflorescence jan yana fitowa a lokacin bazara a cikin tsaunin Blue Mountains kusa da Sydney (alama ce ta jihar New South Wales). Yawan jama'ar karkara suna shan ruwan zaki na fure.
Risantella Gardner, ko kuma Orchid na ƙasa
Tushen mara launi na shuka da aka samo a kudu maso yammacin ƙasar a watan Yuni siffofin launin shuɗi zuwa 70 cm a diamita tare da furanni masu yawa (har zuwa 100 inji mai kwakwalwa) sama da ƙasa.
Wanda ke zaune a tsaunuka
Duniya tana daukar mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya. Babu tsaunuka masu tsayi. Kashi 5% ne kawai na yankin ke mamaye tsaunuka. Daga cikin su, mafi girman tsaunin shine Babban Rashin rarraba. Blue Mountains na Ostiraliya, wurin ajiyar yanayi wanda yake kusa da Sydney, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan shi. A cikin Alps na Australia shine tsauni mafi tsayi Kosciuszko, wanda aka gano a cikin 1840. Duwatsu masu dusar ƙanƙara, tsaunukan Australia suna jan hankali tare da tsoffin ra'ayoyin gani.
Daga cikin kusan kandagin duwatsu, dazuzzuka masu kyau tare da bishiyoyi masu tsaunukan bishiyoyi, makiyaya iri iri, dabbobin daji suna ci gaba da mamakin kasancewar dabbobi da tsirrai masu saurin zuwa. Daga cikinsu akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Misali, kankanin nau'in kangaroo da ke rayuwa a cikin dazuzzukan tuddai, kwokka da gajere mai gajeran zango da sauran nau'ikan wannan dabbar. A nan, a cikin bishikin eucalyptus, akwai ainihin masarauta ta koala, kurar tsuntsaye, da wakilai da yawa daga dangin Posum. A cikin tsaunika, sau da yawa zaka iya ganin mayuka masu wuya, macizai masu guba, gizo-gizo.
Inji ruwayen
Albarkatun albarkatun ruwa na Nahiyar ke iyakantacce. Saboda tsananin zafin, kogunan da yawa sun bushe. Ana samun magudanar dindindin a cikin koguna na Tasmania, waɗanda ke samo asali daga duwatsun gabashin gabashin ƙasar. Babban hanyar ruwan kogin Murray yana da haraji uku (Goulburn, Marrambigi, Darling).
Manyan tafkuna a Australia sune Gerdner, Daga, Sama, Torrens. A lokacin rani sun bushe, cike da gishiri. Ostireliya tana da manyan wuraren adana ruwa mai kyau. Wuraren fitowar su zuwa farfajiya suna samar da yanayi na rayuwar karnuka, kunkuru, kwaɗar bishiya, babban kifaye, da ruwa. Anan zaka iya samun Blackan Kwana mai sauƙi.
Mainasar, ta cika ruwa, tana cike da yawancin mazaunan. Daga cikin murfin murjani, kifin sharks, octopuse, crabs, jellyfish, katramandi kifin kifi mai natsuwa. Ba duk asirin teku bane aka bayyana.
A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, an samo sabon nau'in kifaye da yawa anan. Daga cikinsu akwai tsere, yawo, nau'in tsuntsaye. Kifi, wata, telescope, Napoleon.
Masu Kulla
A mafi tarancin duniyar tamu, a cikin dazuzzukan daji, masu farautar kusan ba su nan. Wakilan cikin gida na fauna sun dace da yanayin canjin yanayi, suka kirkiro da nasu hanyar rayuwa. Yawancin shekaru dubbai da suka gabata, manyan masu cin abincin anan sun kasance karnukan dingo (masu kama da kerkeci da dawakai). Yanzu Australiya suna fama da kuli-kuli na fure, waɗanda suka zama ainihin abin da ke faruwa.
Wakilan dabbobi masu zuwa na duniyar dabbobi suna gabatar da mummunan haɗari ga nahiyar:
- Aikin Saltwater. Suna jin girma a cikin ruwan tabkuna, fadama, koguna da ruwan teku mai gishiri. Yiwuwar haduwa da shi yana da matukar muhimmanci. Saurin motsi a cikin ruwa na kada kai ya kai kilomita 27 / h. Wannan shi ne mafi tsananin rikicewa da sauri a duniya. Nauyinta ya kai tan biyu.
- Babban farin Shark. Ana kiranta sau da yawa "farin mutuwa." Yanzu yana gab da halakarwa kuma dokokin jihar ke kiyaye shi.
- Gizo-gizo, macizai. Wannan duniyar tamu ce da ba a iya gani don mugunta, dabbobi masu guba. Daga cikin su - maciji mai-amo, kwararen hamada, gizo-gizo bazawara, Atrax robustus, gizo-gizo mai walƙiya a Sydney.
- Kuma a cikin ruwayen tekuna da teku, zai fi kyau a taɓa haɗuwa da daskararre mai launin shuɗi, jellyfish da Irukanju, cubomedusa.
Duk wani tafiya a cikin yankunan da ke da kariya na Australiya, kasance a kan rairayin bakin teku, yin iyo cikin ruwan teku, ya kamata sararin teku ya yi taka tsantsan.
Dabbobin dabbobi
A ɓangaren duniya akwai dabbobi da yawa daban da ke rayuwa kawai a nan. Daga cikin su, mafi yawa an sanya wa dabbobi masu shayarwa ne. Sakamakon keɓancewar zuriyar da ke girma, sun sami damar kiyaye yawan jama'a a Yankin Green.
Shahararrun wakilan dabbobi masu rauni a Australia sune:
- cin abinci. Wani nau'in kare na musamman da ya zo Australia shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata. Yanzu ana kallon dingo mafi girma a cikin zuriya na nahiyar,
- kangaroo wanda ya zama alama ta kasar. Wannan babban ja ne, gandun daji, tsauni, wallaby ko itace kangaroo,
- koala ko bers. Danginsa mafi kusanci shine wombat, baya rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi masu ruwa
- ruwan fulawa,
- Moloch Wannan maganin kashin kaji ne. A yayin hadari, sai ta koma cikin zoben kuma ta canza launi kamar chameleon,
- fox mai tashi. Wasu lokuta ana kiranta kare mai kare. Dabba tana ciyarwa a kan fikafikan nisan kusan 1.5 m tare da abincin shuka,
- zomo bandicoot. Dabba dabba, ba dare ba rana,
- Ostrich Emu, cassowary.
Kyawawan tsirrai
Tsawon lokacin kadaici na ɓangaren duniya, yanayin yanayi mai ban sha'awa ya ba da izinin ƙirƙirar duniyar tsire-tsire masu tsiro. Kwararrun sun bambanta nau'ikan 12,000 na tsirrai masu girma, kuma 9,000 daga cikinsu suna da matsala.
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa ga duk nahiyar suna da yawa nau'ikan Acacia, eucalyptus. Yanayin bushewa yana ba da damar bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire masu yawa don tsira saboda tsarin tushen ƙarfi, wanda yake tafiya zuwa mita 30. Daga cikin dogayen ganye, busassun furanni, furanni masu kyan gani sun bayyana akan yawancin su.
Banksy
Itace mai kullun itace mallakar gidan Proteus. Plantungiyar ta samo sunanta da girmamawa ga masanin ilimin botanist Joseph Banks, wanda ya halarci tafiya tare da James Cook. A Ostiraliya, akwai nau'ikan tsirrai iri iri 170. Kyakkyawan inflorescences dinsu kamar kyandir mai kyalli ne. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, a hankali suna juye a cikin cones, suna cike da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙoshin itacen nectar.Tare da eucalyptus, Banksy yana cikin alamun ƙasar.
Etlingera
In ba haka ba, ana kiran fure mai ban mamaki "ruwan Lily," "ainun fure."
Taka
Ya girma a cikin gandun daji na Australia. Furen yana kama da shimfida fuka-fukan zaki.
Kwafin Cephalotus
Kyakkyawan jug tare da murfi na mallakar tsirrai ne.
Karin haske
Ya girma a cikin gandun daji na tsibirin Tasmania. M rassan creeping a ƙasa kunsa kusa da bishiyoyi, samar da kyawawan thickets a tsawo na har zuwa 10 m.
Idopogon Isopogon (Isopogon latifolius)
An yi wa karamin shigan kwalliya mai kauri launin shuɗi da furanni masu launin shuɗi.
Shukewar ciyayi
Ana samun tsire-tsire na musamman a sassa daban-daban na nahiyar. Mafi yawan bambancin ana lura da su a kudu maso yamma. Anan, dabbobin daji ana daukar su mafi yawan halaye ga ƙasar. Yana da mafi ƙarancin jinsunan da aka shigo da su daga wasu nahiyoyi. A tsibirin Tasmania, zaku iya ganin tsoffin nau'ikan tsire-tsire na Antarctic. A ɓangarorin arewaci da gabas, lokacin da ake samun ciyawar bishiyar itacen dabino da na dabino suna haushi.
Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire ne da ke saurin faruwa a Australia:
Waratah
Babban inflorescence jan yana fitowa a lokacin bazara a cikin tsaunin Blue Mountains kusa da Sydney (alama ce ta jihar New South Wales). Yawan jama'ar karkara suna shan ruwan zaki na fure.
Risantella Gardner, ko kuma Orchid na ƙasa
Tushen mara launi na shuka da aka samo a kudu maso yammacin ƙasar a watan Yuni siffofin launin shuɗi zuwa 70 cm a diamita tare da furanni masu yawa (har zuwa 100 inji mai kwakwalwa) sama da ƙasa.
Telopeia mongensis
Furen fure rasberi mai haske a saman akwati. Abin takaici, za ku iya haɗuwa da shi ne kawai a cikin ajiyar halitta.
Anigosanthos, ko “paw na kangaroo”
Ana amfani da shuka don yankan. Ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen fure na asali. Hoton fure yana kan alamar jihar Western Australia.
Lilia Jimea
A cikin bazara, a kan ɗan gajeren daji, babban katako ya bayyana tare da ɗan toho mai haske mai kama da mashi.
Wanda ke zaune a tsaunuka
Duniya tana daukar mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya. Babu tsaunuka masu tsayi. Kashi 5% ne kawai na yankin ke mamaye tsaunuka. Daga cikin su, mafi girman tsaunin shine Babban Rashin rarraba. Blue Mountains na Ostiraliya, wurin ajiyar yanayi wanda yake kusa da Sydney, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan shi. A cikin Alps na Australia shine tsauni mafi tsayi Kosciuszko, wanda aka gano a cikin 1840. Duwatsu masu dusar ƙanƙara, tsaunukan Australia suna jan hankali tare da tsoffin ra'ayoyin gani.
Daga cikin kusan kandagin duwatsu, dazuzzuka masu kyau tare da bishiyoyi masu tsaunukan bishiyoyi, makiyaya iri iri, dabbobin daji suna ci gaba da mamakin kasancewar dabbobi da tsirrai masu saurin zuwa. Daga cikinsu akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Misali, kankanin nau'in kangaroo da ke rayuwa a cikin dazuzzukan tuddai, kwokka da gajere mai gajeran zango da sauran nau'ikan wannan dabbar. A nan, a cikin bishikin eucalyptus, akwai ainihin masarauta ta koala, kurar tsuntsaye, da wakilai da yawa daga dangin Posum. A cikin tsaunika, sau da yawa zaka iya ganin mayuka masu wuya, macizai masu guba, gizo-gizo.
Inji ruwayen
Albarkatun albarkatun ruwa na Nahiyar ke iyakantacce. Saboda tsananin zafin, kogunan da yawa sun bushe. Ana samun magudanar dindindin a cikin koguna na Tasmania, waɗanda ke samo asali daga duwatsun gabashin gabashin ƙasar. Babban hanyar ruwan kogin Murray yana da haraji uku (Goulburn, Marrambigi, Darling).
Manyan tafkuna a Australia sune Gerdner, Daga, Sama, Torrens. A lokacin rani sun bushe, cike da gishiri. Ostireliya tana da manyan wuraren adana ruwa mai kyau. Wuraren fitowar su zuwa farfajiya suna samar da yanayi na rayuwar karnuka, kunkuru, kwaɗar bishiya, babban kifaye, da ruwa. Anan zaka iya samun Blackan Kwana mai sauƙi.
Mainasar, ta cika ruwa, tana cike da yawancin mazaunan. Daga cikin murfin murjani, kifin sharks, octopuse, crabs, jellyfish, katramandi kifin kifi mai natsuwa. Ba duk asirin teku bane aka bayyana.
A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, an samo sabon nau'in kifaye da yawa anan. Daga cikinsu akwai tsere, yawo, nau'in tsuntsaye. Kifi, wata, telescope, Napoleon.
Bayanan Gaske
Babban yankin, wanda dabbobi masu tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire, waɗanda aka kiyaye su daga lokacin halittarsa, ya shahara ga rubutattun abubuwa uku da ba a sani ba. Ita ce mafi ƙarancin, ƙarami kuma mafi zafi a duniya.
An gina shinge mafi girma (5614 m) a kan yankin ta, yana kiyaye garken tumaki da yawa ba ta wurin manoma ba. Kyakkyawan dabi'a suna haɗaka da kyawawan biranen, masu dadi don rayuwa, cibiyoyin rayuwar kasuwanci, da al'adun ƙasar. Sama, gine-ginen wani sabon tsari suna dab da abubuwan jan hankali na halitta.
Babban nasara ga tsarin jihar Australiya shine yiwuwar yin ƙaura kyauta zuwa ƙasar. Mutumin daga kowace ƙasa da ke da ilimi, da ƙwarewar aiki, zai sami ingantaccen wurin zama.
Yanayin juji
Kariyar dabbobi da tsirrai waɗanda ba a same su a wani wuri a duniya ba na buƙatar kulawa da aiwatar da dokokin ƙasa da ke nufin kula da kyaututtukan halayen da ba a taɓa gani ba. Har zuwa wannan, Ostiraliya ta kirkiro ɗakunan ajiya masu yawa, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, gami da tsaunuka, filayen tudu, tekuna da wuraren buɗe koguna. Yawancin abubuwan wahalar yanzu ana kiyaye su ne kawai a yankunansu. Akwai wuraren shakatawa sama da 500, wuraren kiyayewa da suke a cikin yanayi daban-daban na yanayin ƙasa. A karkashin kariya akwai abubuwan halitta na 9300, 13% na yankin.
Daga cikin shahararrun shahararrun halittun akwai wurare:
- Duwatsu Masu Tumbin. An kirkiro wurin shakatawa a 1959,
- Rankara. Yana zaune tsakanin tsaunuka,
- Filin shakatawa na Kosciuszko A kan iyakar yankin akwai tabkuna masu ban mamaki na zamanin kankara, wuraren waha ruwan zafi,
- Purnululu. Ga sanannen tsaunukan Bangle Bangle,
- Uluru. Wuri mai tsarki na mazaunan. Ganuwar kogon an adana zane-zanen zamanin da, adiresoshin,
- Parking Kakadu. Mulkin karkashin ruwa, mazaunan kasa na Australia.
An adana namomin daji ta hanyar banbance-banbancen mutum da yanayi. Gaba gaba za a iya samun sabbin abubuwan binciken duniyar flora, fauna da aka haifa a cikin teku.
Matsayi na yanki
Ostiraliya tana cikin Kudancin Hemisphere kuma ita ce mafi ƙarancin nahiyar a duniya. Tekun Pasifik da Indiyawan ne ke wanke tekun wannan nahiya. Bugu da kari, tekuna da yawa suna taɓa waɗannan gaɓar tekun, waɗanda ke cike da tekuna, waɗanda, bi da bi, da gaske suna samar da waɗannan tekuna.
Ya kamata a sani, da kuma yawancin tsibiran da suka mamaye gefen gabar wannan tsibiri. Manyan tsibiran tsibiran sune New Guinea da Tasmania.
Yanayi
Babban gari ɗan ƙarami ne, amma ya haɗa da abubuwa da yawa (don irin wannan karamin fili) na bangarorin yanayi. Akwai yankuna masu sauƙin yanayi, yanayin zafi da kuma yanayin ƙasa. Tsakanin su akwai wuraren da ake kira juzu'ai masu juyawa, wanda ya haɗa da hamada, hamada da kuma rabe-raben ƙasa.
Yanayin ya girgiza yanayin teku kamar tekun Indiya maimakonle da El Nino. Wadannan abubuwan suna haifar da haifar da hawan keke tare da iska mai bushe da bushe wacce ta bazu ko'ina cikin yankuna.
Lambobi da ire-iren bangarori na canjin yanayi yana ƙayyade bambanci da bambancin yanayin yanayi a sassa daban-daban na nahiyar. Misali, a arewa ana ruwa a lokacin rani da fari a lokacin hunturu, gabaɗaya, yanayin yana yin kama da tsaunuka. Yankin tsakiyar ya cika da hamada tare da yanayin ƙasa.
Subtropics suna cikin kudu da kudu maso yamma, sashin kudu maso gabas sashi ne na yanayin dumin yanayi. Deserts suna cikin yankuna daban-daban, saboda sun mamaye kusan rabin nahiyoyin. Siffar hamada ita ce murhun murfin ƙasa, wanda yake halayyar Australiya ne kawai.
- Babban jejin Sand. Desert tare da ɗanɗano mai launin ja tare da ruwan eucalyptus da keɓaɓɓe da acacia
- Victoria Desert. Babu tsirrai kwata-kwata (ko akwai, amma da wuya, ba kasada ba) babban fili na fari.
- Jebs na Gibson ba kamar sauran ba, yana da tuddai da yawa da kuma tsakuwa da tsakuwa a saman.
- Harshen Simpson. Yawancin tsire-tsire marasa gashi da sandar ja, a gabaɗaya, hoto ne na yau da kullun don Ostiraliya.
- The Pinnacle. Ba kamar ƙauyuka da yawa na Australiya ba, tana da yashi mai launin rawaya. Kari akan haka, manyan manyan duwatsu har zuwa tsayin mita biyu sun cika layin.
Taimako da kayan aikinta
Ostiraliya ita ce mafi yawan ƙasa ko da ƙasa, a nan ƙarni da ƙarni, tsaunukan da iska suka yi ta ɓoye saboda haka galibi an yi leve. A zahiri, duwatsun suna wakiltar Babban Rashin rarraba kawai. Tana cikin ɓangaren gabas kuma sashinta mafi girma shine Dutsen Kosciuszko, tsayin mita 2228, yayin da ɗan ƙaramin tsayi na waɗannan duwatsun yana ba shi damar girma tare da bishiyoyi, tsirrai da tsirrai.
Tabbas, akwai haɓaka a cikin wasu ɓangarorin na nahiyar, amma suna da ƙasa, wani abu kamar ɓangaren ƙasar Scotland har ma da ƙasa. A tsaunukan Australia ne kawai ke gabar teku. Hatta masana ilimin kimiya na yanki suna kiran waɗannan tuddai ba tuddai ba, amma tsaunuka ne.
Babban inji na kasar
Da yawa suna yin tarayya da Ostaraliya tare da kangaroo, amma ƙasar tana da alamomin shuka, wanda ke itacen eucalyptus. Ana nuna bishiya ta ƙara ƙarfin hali (idan yana yiwuwa a faɗi haka game da itatuwa) kuma yana iya jure yanayin yanayi da rashin danshi. Sabili da haka, yana girma a cikin dukkanin sassan Australia.
A wasu hanyoyi, eucalyptus yayi kama da musiba, tunda tana da ɓangaren ƙasa mai girma fiye da na ƙasa. Tushen eucalyptus yana faɗaɗa zurfi cikin ƙasa, kuma ƙasa ƙasa ƙanƙanta ne. Godiya ga asalin da aka gina, tsire-tsire daidai yana karɓar danshi daga tushen da ke akwai, musamman, irin waɗannan hanyoyin sune koguna, fadama ruwa da sauran hanyoyin.
Kudu da Gabashin Australia: Flora
Yanayin da ke nan shi ne mafi daɗin ɗanɗana a nahiyar kuma ruwan sama kusan ba ya tsayawa, hakika, ba sa ci gaba, amma jigon shine kasancewar kullun ruwan sama. Ana ruwa da ruwa lokaci-lokaci a cikin shekara kuma yana ba da ƙasa mai taushi da maras kyau, wanda a biyun yana ba yawancin tsire-tsire damar jin girma. Misali, a nan ne akwai yayyun da ake amfani dasu daga bakin tekun nahiya zuwa tsaunukan da ke cike da ruwa.
Bugu da kari zuwa kudu, fadada katako ya ragu kuma sarari ya kebanta ga abin da ake kira bishiyar bamboo fara, wanda mazaunan wadannan yankuna ke amfani dasu sosai. 'Ya'yan itacen wannan itacen suna kama da kwalbar da gaske. Haka kuma, a cikin wannan "kwalban" akwai ko da yaushe babban ruwa wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don sha ko dafa abinci.
Arewa fure
Yankin yanayi mai zafi yana gudana anan. Ciyayi shi ne ya fi ci gaba kuma an kafa daji. Musamman, yawancin bishiyoyi da yawa na Australiya suna samar da waɗannan dazuzzuka:
- Pandanus
- acacia
- kayan kwalliya da dabino.
Bugu da kari, tsire-tsire masu ƙananan ƙananan suna da yawa, irin su horsetail da ferns daban-daban. A hankali, zuwa kudu, yanki ya zama ba kowa, kuma a arewa maso yamma a cikin bazara nau'ikan ganyayyaki masu magani suka fara girma.
Flora da fauna na Australiya suna da haɗin gwiwa. Akwai kebantattun bishiyoyi da shukakkun bishiyoyi, da kuma dabbobi na musamman waɗanda ke halayen kawai waɗannan wuraren. Alamar duk nahiyar, hakika, ita ce kangaroo.
A zahiri, a cikin zuciyar matsakaicin mutumin da bai san komai ba game da fauna ta Ostiraliya, kangaroo wata halitta ce girman mutum, amma irin wannan kangaroos, wanda a zahiri kawai ya kai kusan santimita 170, sune mafi girman kai. A cikin duka akwai nau'ikan 17 da nau'ikan 50 waɗanda ke haifar da yanayi mai ban mamaki daban-daban na kangaroos. Misali, akwai wasu ƙananan mutane waɗanda ke auna kimanin centimita 25, gabaɗaya, wani abu kamar cat. Kari akan haka, ya kamata a lura da kangaroo derby, berayen kangaroo da sauran nau'ikan waɗannan dabbobi.
Fauna tana zaune sama da ƙasa
A zahiri, a cikin dukkanin sararin dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwa a sararin samaniya. Ko ta yaya abin ya faru, amma dabbobin Ostiraliya sun gwammace kada su taɓa ƙasa kwata-kwata kuma galibi suna hawa hawa wani wuri akan rassan, bishiyoyi ko ma ɗauka a cikin iska, tabbas.
Misali na yau da kullun shine koalas ko mahaifar mahaifa waɗanda ke hawan gangar jikin bishiyar eucalyptus, amma akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa. Misali, ya kamata a lura da harabar Australiya, wacce ta kirkiri wata babbar hanyar tafiya. Tana tashi daga reshe zuwa reshe kuma gabaɗaya tana tashi kamar tsuntsu.
Hakanan akwai dawakai na Ostareliya kuma, don ban mamaki, suna da fikafikai. A lokaci guda, irin waɗannan karnuka masu fuka-fuki suna kama da barazanar wuce gona da iri, amma a zahiri sun zama kyawawan cute, waɗannan dawakai basu ci komai sama da fure na fure. Idan muka yi magana game da tsuntsaye masu tashi masu haɗari na Australiya, ya kamata a lura da jemagu, waɗanda ke da girma mai ban sha'awa.
Mazaunan ƙasar
Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, mafi girman yankin Australiya shine filayen kwari, amma ba mai sauƙin dabbobi bane ke tafiya akan wannan filayen. Tabbas, irin waɗannan hotuna misalai ne ga Ostiraliya, amma idan kuka kalli jejin ja, wanda platypus ke gudana, zaku fara tunani akan wanne duniyar da kuke ciki.
Kusan babu masu farauta a nahiyar, kodayake akwai, alal misali, karin karnuka, kuma dole ne a lura da kare dajin Dingo.
Don taƙaita, to, a Ostiraliya komai na musamman ne, daga sauƙi da shimfidar wuri zuwa tsirrai da rayuwar dabbobi. Mafi jin daɗin rayuwa shine kusan ƙaunar da ke cikin duniyar daji, kamar yadda ka sani, yara kada su je Afirka don tafiya, amma tafiya a Ostiraliya abu ne mai yiwuwa.