Bambam da kullun ya kasance kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa ga masunta. Ana iya kama shi a lokatai daban-daban na shekara, kuma wannan yana sa kamun kifi mafi ban sha'awa. Babu buƙatar yin magana game da halayen dandano na naman sa.
Daga cikin dukkanin nau'ikan cyprinids, shine mafi dadi. Kuma soyayyen naman gwari ko gasa ba shi da daidai da duk kifin ruwa mai ruwa.
Bayanin
Babbar sigar fata ita ce kawai kifin halittar bream daga dangin carp. Bikin yana da babban jiki, a hankali a matsa, tare da ƙananan sikeli, tare da dogon fin fin, wanda daga 24 zuwa 30 na farin haskoki.
Karatun fin cauda tare da ɗan ƙaramin ƙananan lobe. A kai da idanun sigar fata ƙanana ne, bakin da ya sake juyawa. Launin jikin yana da launin toka mai duhu, gefen ventral yana da haske, ƙashin kansa yana da launin toka, yayin da ctowaƙwalwar ciki, ventral, da ƙashin bayan fitsari a wasu lokutan suna launin ja.
Launi na iya canzawa dangane da mazauninsu, tare da tsufa ya zama duhu.
Launin fata yana dogara da halaye na tafkunan: a wasu - ɓangarorin inuwarta mai duhu-inuwa mai duhu, a cikin wasu - silvery-yellowish. Ins Theashin hancin suna launin toka mai duhu, ƙarancin ƙarancin ya kasance gajere kuma dogaye, kuma ƙusoshin pre-caudal dogaye ne kuma kunkuntar.
Ba wani kifi mai ruwa mai ruwa da yake da irin wannan tsayi mai tsinkaye ba. Maɗaukaki da kuma rabin fararen ido suna kama da shi, amma ba su kai nauyi mai yawa ba.
Bream - kasa mai kifi. Yana ciyar da yafi akan larvae na ruwa iri-iri, kowane nau'in crustaceans, amma akasari akan magudanar jini, kuma baya ƙyamar harbe matasa na algae.
Tsarin bakin shunin yana sa ya ja lebe zuwa cikin bututu tsawon santimita. Wannan yana ba shi damar samun abinci daga maɓuɓɓugar daga zurfin 5 zuwa 6. Yana ɗaukar leɓunansa, ya ɗebo bakin ruwa, sannan ya jefa shi cikin tarko tare da rafi mai ƙarfi, yana wanke shi, sannan kuma ya ɗauki larvae daga ɓacin.
Rarraba da wurin zama na fata
Siyar tana zaune a cikin kwandunan Baltic, Baki, Caspian da Tekun Arewa. Ana samunsa a cikin layuka da yawa na Karelia, Arewa maso yamma da kuma a cikin Turai ta Rasha. Hakanan ana samunsa a jikin ruwa na kasashen CIS.
A cikin tabkuna na Urals da Yammacin Siberiya, an sake su ta hanyar wucin gadi. An samo shi a Iset da Tobol. Ba ya guje wa ruwan teku.
A Arewa, Bidiyon ya isa zuwa gabar Tekun Bahar Maliya da gabashin gabashin Tekun Barents (Kogin Pechora), an cika shi a jikin ruwan Siberiya (Lake Ubinskoe, Kogin Ob), Kazakhstan (Lake Balkhash, da sauransu).
Siyar tana son fifita ruwa mai danshi tare da yashi da silki da yumɓu na ƙasa kuma saboda haka ya zama ruwan dare a cikin koguna. A cikin ƙananan ƙananan Dnieper, Don, Volga kuma a arewacin ɓangaren tekun Aral, sashin keɓaɓɓun nau'ikan biyu - mazaunin gida da na rabin hanya.
Nunannun San uwan zuriya suna ciyar da teku, kuma don haɓakar sama zuwa sama. Yawancin garkunan Don da Aral na saran suna da yawa musamman. A Aral Sea Delta akwai nau'i na uku - karamar sigar fata, ita ma tana cikin Kogin Ili Delta.
Siyarda yakan tattara a cikin manyan garken. Yana son wuraren da ke da rauni a halin yanzu, yana tsaye a cikin ramuka masu zurfi, da na baya, a kusa da tsaunuka, kusa da tsafe tsafe ko katon dutse, da dai sauransu.
Musamman yawancin kifayen da suke tara ruwa sama da madatsun ruwa. Wa] annan wurare suna jawo hankulan mutane saboda karancin ruwa mai zurfi, isasshen zurfi da shinge na snags, yawanci madatsun ruwa. Amfani da fata ya fi son murfin ƙasa wanda aka rufe da silt.
A cikin tabkuna, tafkuna da wuraren ajiye ruwa ana ajiye shi a wani nesa daga bakin tekun. Hakanan ana samun ƙaramin sashi a tsakanin maɓallin ruwa.
Bambatar da kanta tana nuna wa mai ajiyar filin ajiye motocin sa, yana wasa a bakin ruwa da safe da maraice. Wasansa halayen ne. Siyar da ba tare da hayaniya da murza-leda zata nuna fin tafin, ta fallasa shi daga cikin ruwa, kuma, kamar ya tumbatsa, zai shiga zurfafa, zai bar wani yanki mai rarrafewa a farfajiya.
Yana buga mafi yawan lokuta a cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali. Ya kasance a kusa da wuraren “narke” ya kamata a ciyar da shi. Idan sigar tana wasa, to wannan bayan hakan yakan iya zama da kyau.
Bayan ruwan sama mai zafi sosai, sigar, don neman abinci, ta kusanto zuwa kantuna masu kanana. Yana ciyar da yawancin dare da dare, yana tafiya daga ramuka zuwa gaɓar shara.
Shekaru da girma
Bream girma da sauri. Tsawon kwandunan da suka rayu shekaru 10 zuwa 13 sun kai 75 cm, nauyi 8 kg ko fiye. Mafi sau da yawa, kifi mai nauyin 1.5 - 2.5 kilogiram an kama shi a cikin sandar kamun kifi. Calledaramar sharar gida ana kiranta scammers.
A cikin yankuna na kudanci yana girma cikin sauri, ya kai ga balaga cikin shekaru 3-4, tare da tsawonsa game da cm 25. A cikin manyan tafkuna da wuraren ajiyar ruwa ya zama ya zama mai yin jima'i a cikin shekaru 5-8, tare da tsawon 30 cm ko sama da haka, ɗan itacen da ke tsiro a cikin shekaru 3, yana da tsawon 12-15 cm.
Sautin rayuwa
Bream babban kifi ne na makaranta wanda ke da mahimmanci kasuwanci. Breungiyar shayarwa mafi girma tana rayuwa a cikin tabkuna da wuraren ajiye ruwa, a cikin koguna da wuya a kai fiye da 4 kilogiram. Yana ciyar da nan a cikin zurfin zurfin a ƙasa, an rufe shi da ɓarnar kyauta.
Farkon ɓarkewar sarkar fata ta zo daidai da gogewar ganye na Willow, wani lokacin ma da ciyawar sa, kuma ya ƙare da ciyawar lambuna. Bayan tsallakewa, suna ciyar da wuraren shakatawa, galibi suna cin pike da cachar cach.
Ciyar da sigar fata tana farawa ne daga zafin jiki na 12-16 ° C, a ƙarshen Afrilu - a watan Mayu a kudu, a ƙarshen Mayu - a watan Yuni a arewa.
Semi-hanya daga teku yana tashi don tsunduma cikin koguna da sanya ƙwai akan ciyayin da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye wadda ake kira bashin Don, ramuka akan Volga.
Namiji na maza ya girma sosai fiye da mace, da ƙananan kifi a filaye, a matsayin mai mulki, maza, a additionari, ana iya rarrabe su ta hanyar ingantaccen "lu'ulu'u rash" a kai da tarnaƙi na jiki.
Tashin hankali na faruwa ne yayin da ake yawan fashewa, yawanci a sanyin safiya ne a cikin ruwa mara nauyi a tsakanin manyan filayen karkashin ruwa ko ciyawar da take cike da ambaliya. Bream na fitowa daga cikin ruwa kuma ya faɗi ƙasa cikin ruwa, ana jin karar ƙuruciya mai tsayi a nesa.
Wannan jefa ruwa cikin ruwa ("layin kamun kifi" ko "la-skanje") shine dalilin sunan kifin "sigar fata" ko kuma "lash" (kuma a Slovakia - "fesawa"). Ciyarwa tana farawa kuma ta ƙare tare, mafi yawan lokuta yakan kasance kwana ɗaya, daga safe zuwa tsakar rana.
A cikin kwandunan Baltic, Caspian, Azov, Black Teas, rayayyu da ƙaura na fata ya ƙaru a lokaci guda, yarjejeniyar Aral Sea a cikin tafkin Farhad yana zuwa yankuna.
Mace spawns, a matsakaita, dubu 100-150 ƙwai a haɗe da ciyawar. A cikin tabkuna da na kwari mara kyau, an kiyaye ƙananan raguna, raƙuman ruwa, wanda za'a iya ɗaukar biyun caviar.
A cikin tabkuna da yawa akwai hanyoyi da yawa na shayarwa don magance su. Bishiyar hanyoyin daban-daban na iya samun sunaye na musamman wadanda ke nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin lokacin da sigar ƙarfe ta kusanci zuwa tsibbu da kuma abubuwan ban mamaki, alal misali, itacen oak-bream ya ɓullo lokacin da itacen oak ya buɗe.
Bayan kwanaki 3-6, larvae ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai da aka dage farawa.
A cikin sassan yankuna na tekun kudu, saƙar fata tana ciyar da crustaceans: mysids, cumaceans, da abinci mai gina jiki na Azov Sea, ƙari, polychaeta suna da mahimmanci. Abincin sigar fata a cikin Tekun Aral shine amphipods, larrone chironomid, mollusks.
A cikin tabkuna, sigar shayarwa tana cinyewa a cikin larvae na chironomids, kwari kwari da sauran kwari, clam Peas. A cikin tafkuna da kuma wuraren ajiyar ruwa, lokutan ba da fata na fata suna kusanci da na wasu kifayen, sabili da haka ana samun yawancin lokaci-lokaci.
Yawan shaye-shaye a wurare daban-daban ya bambanta sosai kuma ya dogara da farko kan nasarar spaining. Kyakkyawan yanayi don magance sarkar fata a tekun kudu babban ambaliyar ruwa ce.
Bayan da aka tsara yadda kogunan kogi na kudanci suka ragu, wuraren da ke keɓaɓɓe ya ragu sosai.
Don adana hannun jari na babban tsari, an kirkiro gonaki na musamman masu haɓaka, ana aiki don ceton ƙananan yara daga ƙananan ramuka waɗanda suka rasa hulɗa tare da kogin.
A cikin wuraren ajiyar ruwa, ƙarnuka da yawa na shayarwa sun bayyana a cikin shekarun rigar. Don a tabbatar da kiwon kiwo a wuraren ajiye ruwa, ana amfani da filayen ruwa na iyo.
Kama ruwa
Kushin bazara na satar yana farawa kwanaki 10-15 bayan tsallakewa kuma yana da kyau idan spain ɗin ya kasance abokantaka, ba tare da tsangwama ba. Wannan tabarwar ba ta dadewa, tana karewa cikin makonni biyu.
A bayyane yake, sigar fata tana juyawa ga irin wannan abincin wanda anglers ba ta samo tafarkin da ya dace ba. Da alama yana ciyar da algae, yana nisantar sauran abinci na tsawon lokacin har zuwa farkon hatsin rai, lokacin da ɓacin rai ya sake farawa kuma ya sami daidaito har zuwa farkon lokacin canza launin ganye.
Sanannen cizo ne irin na sigar fata yakan zama ana lura da shi a ƙarshen bazara da farkon bazara, amma masunta masanan da suka kware sun lura cewa kifin na bream kuma yana cizo a farkon bazara.
Kodayake yana cikin gidan thermophilic mazaunan Wuraren, kamun kifi wani lokacin yana farawa kai tsaye bayan dusar kankara a tsakiyar ko a ƙarshen Afrilu, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 8-12.
A wannan lokacin, ba ya ci amanar halayensa ba, babu surutai ko wasu motsi akan ruwa.
Kayan kamun kifi don kamun kifi
Don kamun kifi a cikin bazara, sandar kamun kifi ta fi dacewa. Mun zabi sandar kamun kifi tare da tsawon mita 4-5, za a iya ɗaukar layin kamun kifin ba mafi ƙanƙanta ba ne, tunda ruwan har yanzu laka ne, diamita na kamun kifi shine 0.16-0.20 mm. Yana da kyau a ɗauki tarkace don kamun kifi a hanya, a karkashin nauyin 3-5 grams.
Kama ruwa
Don cin nasarar kamun kifi, masanin ya buƙaci sanin al'adunsa, halayen ciyar da su a lokutan rayuwa daban-daban na shekara, mazaunin maza. Suna kama sata a wuraren da aka fi so, aka zaɓa tun farkon bazara. Suna zaune a hankali suna kamun kifi, suna ɓatar da kansu.
Saka tarko a kan mashin kifi ya bambanta da ciji wasu kifayen, kuma sama da komai, domin, kamar yadda masunta suka ce, da farko ya ɗora kan ruwa sai ya sanya shi a ruwa. Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin da, bayan ɗaukar bututun ƙarfe daga ƙasa, sashin fata ya ɗaga shi kuma ya fara tsotse shi, sannan ya koma gefe.
Lokacin kwanciya shimfiɗa kan ruwa ko barin shi zuwa zurfin, ya kamata ka yi sharewa. Wajibi ne a ƙulla suturar, duk da cewa ba a sarari ba, amma da tabbaci: leɓunansu suna da wuya, bushe.
A farkon lokacin da kama babban sigina, da alama ƙugiya ta kama kan sigaggen, amma ba da daɗewa ba satar, bayan ɗan taurin kai, ta tafi bakin tekun ba tare da juriya ba, tana tashi daga ruwa, ɗaukar iska, kusan ba ta tsayayya ba.
Zai fi kyau a cire sigar tare da mai wanki ko ƙugiya, da sauri, har sai ya dawo da rai.
Amma don kama sardo, kuna buƙatar ciyar da shi. Mafi kyawun ƙungiyar burodi ita ce ƙananan maggots, sabo da ƙwaiƙar ƙwayaye da kek da hemp, da abinci mai abinci. Ya kamata a dage cajin wannan kwana biyu zuwa uku kafin kamun kifi.
A lokacin kamun kifi na ɗan lokaci daga jirgin ruwa, daga kan gungumen azaba, ana sanya babban abincin a cikin ruwa a cikin kolob ko a cikin ciyarwa a nesa da 3-4 m daga jirgin ruwan, kuma a cikin ƙaramin wuri har ma da gaba, ƙari, suna ciyar da kifin yayin kamun kifi.
Ciyar da naman sa yakamata ta wuce gona da iri, bayan cin abinci mai cike da garin kankana, lemun tsami ko kayan masara, sai ya daina sha'awar samun ingantattun leda kuma ya shiga ramin sa.
Bikin sashin yakan nemi masauki da yamma kuma yana kusantar da koto sau da yawa a rana. A ranakun mai haske mai cike da haske, ana iya kama suttura a cikin dutsen idan an iya ganin iyo a ruwa. A dare, yakan suturta fata akan abin da ya shafi.
Lokaci don kama sigar fata yayin rana ya dogara da yanayi da yawa. Kwarewa da kuma lura da masun kifi ne kawai zai gaya masa lokacin da sigar ta bayyana a wurin ciyar da lokacin da za a kama kamun kifi.
Yanayin da yafi dacewa don kamun kifi shine kwanaki masu dumin yawa tare da ɗan kudu ko yamma kaɗan. Ana, ruwan sama mai wucewa baya cutar kamun kifi. Kafin mummunan yanayi kuma tare da iska mai sanyi a arewa da arewa maso gabas, ƙungiyar tana da ƙarancin ciyarwa.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na kamun kifi don sata a lokacin bazara: don mashin kifi na rani, don mormyshka, wayoyi, don donka. Don kama sashin fata, sanda ya zama mai tsawo, m kuma mai dorewa: anglers yakan zana shi duhu kore.
Sun dauki dogon sanda domin su jefa bututun kamar sauran, tunda siriniya kifi ne mai taka tsantsan kuma bai dace a wani zurfin zurfin kusa da bakin ruwa ko jirgin ruwa ba.
Ana yin layin kamun kifi tare da diamita na 0.2 - 0.3 mm don dacewa da launi na ƙasa. Hawan floats suna ɗaukar siffar elongated, zai fi dacewa daga gashin gashin gose.
Ana sanya nauyin akan layin kamun kifi don suttura 3-4 cm daga ƙugiya, tunda lokacin da nauyin yayi nesa da ƙugiya, ba za a iya lura da cizon sigar ba. Lambar saƙa 7 - 8.5, mai kaifi.
Ina gayyatar kowa da kowa ya yi magana a ciki Ra'ayoyi. Ina maraba da maraba da sukar da musayar kwarewa. A cikin maganganu masu kyau Ina kiyaye hanyar haɗin yanar gizon marubucin!
Kuma kar ku manta, don Allah, danna maballin maɓallin hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin rubutun kowane shafin yanar gizon.
Ci gaba nan ...
Bayyanar
Jikin yana da girma, matsakaicin tsawo shine kusan sulusin tsayin jiki. Shugaban da bakinsu kanana ne. Bakin ya ƙare da bututun da zai iya tsawa. Finfin dorsal yana da tsayi da gajeru tare da tsayayye guda uku, mara ƙanƙanuwa da 8-10 mai laushi, haskoki mai laushi. Fin fin yana da tsawo tare da fuka-fukai masu nauyi da laushi 22 zuwa 22, farawa daga ƙarshen bayan fitsarin. Tsakanin vential andwan da finan wasa da fin fin akwai wani kwalliyar da ba a rufe ba. Fushin hakora suna da layi guda, biyar a kowane gefe.
Babbar siginan yara tana da launin toka ko baya, launin ruwan gwal mai launin zinare, ciki rawaya, dukkan ƙege suna launin toka sau da yawa tare da gefuna masu duhu. Matasa suna da launi mai kyau.
Matsakaicin jikin mutum shine 82 cm, salla shine kilogiram 6, kuma matsakaicin rayuwar shine shekaru 23.
Rayuwa
Ana kiyaye satar gida a kungiyoyi, akasarinsu cikin wurare masu zurfi da suka girma da tsirrai. Mai hankali da kyan gani.
Siffar convex na bakin yayi daidai don samo abinci cikin raɗaɗi mai laushi. Yawancin abinci a kan zooplankton. Soya, a kan kai tsawon 30 mm, canzawa zuwa ciyarwa a kan benthos. Yana ciyarwa akan tsutsa kwari, huhun lemo, ɓarna da katantanwa. Hakanan yana iya cin algae.
Bream na iya tattarawa cikin manyan garken, musamman a manyan tafkuna ko a cikin raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi. Irin wa annan garkunan suna tsabtace sassan wuraren Wuraren ba tare da wata alama ba kuma suna ci gaba sosai, suna barin su “hanyoyi” da aka share. Irin waɗannan motsi suna da sauƙi a lura da kumburin gas mai fashewa wanda aka saki yayin da fakitin caca "flips" wani sashin ƙasa.
Hutun hunturu a wurare masu zurfi. Rayuwa a bakin Volga rabin lokacin hunturu a cikin teku, jera kadan shiga cikin kogin.
Kiwo
Amsar tamu ta zama lokacin balaga tun yana shekara 3 zuwa 4. Tashin hankali koyaushe yana faruwa ne a filin ciyawa, a cikin marairaice, kuma yana faruwa tare da fashewa mai ƙarfi. Namiji a wannan lokacin akan jikin ne ya kirkiro wasu kananan kwari masu daskararru, da fari fari, sannan amber-yellow. Lokacin tsalle-tsalle a tsakiyar da arewacin Rasha ba ya wuce farkon kwanakin Mayu, a kudu tun tsakiyar Afrilu. Hanyar biza zuwa Volga daga tekun ya fara ne a watan Fabairu a ƙarƙashin kankara, kuma babban aikin yana kusa da tsakiyar watan Afrilu. Haihuwa takan daga 92 zuwa dubu dubu 338. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don spawning shine kimanin 21 ° C. A lokacin tsallakewa, maza sun zama yankuna da mata ke tsalle. Hatanyan kwanon soya bayan kwanaki 3 zuwa 12 kuma an haɗe su ga tsire-tsire masu ruwa tare da sirri na musamman. Suna zama a haɗe har sai an yi amfani da gwaiduwa cikakke.
Rarraba
Ana samun nau'ikan suttura a Tsakiya da Yammacin Turai a cikin kwantena na Arewa, Baltic, Caspian, Black da Azov Seas), sun cika cikin Siberiya a cikin kwarin kogin Ob, Irtysh da Yenisei. A cikin 1930s, an gabatar da su zuwa ga Yankunan Uku-Ural. Akwai a cikin Tekun Aral, a cikin tafkin Balkhash da ƙananan Syr Darya. A cikin Arewa ta Arewa da kuma kudu na ƙasar tsohon USSR ba ita ce. A cikin Dvina ta Arewa, ba ta da yawa kuma mai yiwuwa ta shiga ciki ta hanyar tashoshi daga tsarin Volga. A cikin Transcaucasia, ana samun sa ne kawai a cikin 'yan wurare (kusa da Lankaran da a Lake Paleostomi, da kuma a cikin tafkin Mingachevir). Tana zaune a cikin tabkuna, tafkuna, koguna, tafkuna da kuma ruwaye na tekun Caspian, Aral da Azov.
Kifi na kamun kifi
Tsarin kasuwanci mai mahimmanci. Kamawar duniya ya kai tan 62,9 dubu a shekarar 1999. Matsakaicin kamawa a cikin USSR a ƙarshen 1930 shine ton dubu 120, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, kamawar gida ya bambanta daga tan 25 zuwa tan dubu 32.Babban kamun kifi a cikin koguna da tabkuna ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar teku da kuma matakan, kuma a cikin teku ta tsaftataccen kogin da kuma hadaddun raga.
Ana sayar da shi cikin bushe, kyafaffen, sabo da ƙamshin ice cream. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don yin abincin gwangwani.
Kifi na bream ɗaya ne
Barkiya - Wannan gasa ce da ake maraba da ita ga dukkan masunta, tana da matukar daraja a wuraren wasanni da kama kifi. Yawan manyan ɗaiɗaikun daidaikun mutane da kuma iya kama fatawa duk shekara duk suna sa kamun kifi mafi ban sha'awa. Idan a tsakiyar kasar nan ana kiran wannan nau'in kifin Bashi, to a yankuna na Kudancin Rasha ana kiransu kilka ko chebaki. An bambanta naman shunar taushi, ɗanɗano mai laushi, mai yawan kitse mai ɗumbin yawa kuma ya fi cancanta wurin dafa abinci.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Siyar ta sigar jiki wani nau'in halittar mutum ne, wanda kawai wakilin wani kebantaccen nau'in fata ne daga babban iyali na cyprinids. Sansanin na fata mallakar kifi mai haske ne, tsoffin kasusuwan tarihi waɗanda suke a cikin na uku na Paleozoic, kuma kimanin shekaru miliyan 400 da suka gabata kenan.
Bidiyo: Bream
Duk da bambance bambancen halittar halittar, masaniyar kimiyyar halittar dabbobi sun danganta kifayen kifi 16 a ciki, amma kungiyoyi uku ne kawai suka rayu har wa yau:
Dukkansu sun bambanta da juna kawai a cikin girman su. Duk da cewa asarar kayan masarufi ce ga duk masunta, yawancinsu suna kuskuren ɗaukar sabon saƙo na wani nau'in kifin har ma sun ba shi suna - zamba. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa girman girma yana da bayyanar yanayi daban daban fiye da na manya. A cikin ilimin kimiyyar halittar mutum, irin wannan kalmar ta zamba bata wanzu. Kusan sau da yawa, masunta masu ƙwararrun masaniya suna rikitar da fata na fata tare da fata, wanda shima dangin cyprinids ne kuma yana da ƙananan bambance-bambance na ƙasan waje daga zurfin zurfafa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa sashin shayarwa na da ƙyali kuma yana da busasshen nama, amma wannan ya shafi dabbobi ne, kuma ana ɗaukar naman kusan kamar kitse kamar beluga kuma yana iya ɗaukar kusan kashi 9 na kitse mai lafiya.
A ina ne garin tarar yake?
HOTO: Bream a Rasha
Irin wannan nau'in kifayen suna zaune a adadi mai yawa a cikin koguna, tafkuna, Wuraren ruwa tare da yashi ko silsi. Gidajen su na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi kwandunan Baƙi, Caspian, Azov, Baltic, Aral, Barents da White Teas.
A bakin manyan koguna waɗanda ke gudana a cikin wannan tekuna, nau'in nau'i ne na tarko wanda ke zaune a cikin koguna don yin iyo. A cikin manyan kogunan tuddai, tabkuna na Caucasus, ba ta faruwa ba, kazalika a cikin kasashen kudanci na CIS. Bream babban kifi ne na Arewa da Tsakiyar Turai, Arewacin Asiya, da Arewacin Amurka.
Siyar tana son zama cikin gawarwakin ruwa inda akwai rauni a halin yanzu ko kuma ba ya nan gabaɗaya. Ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin hanyoyin ruwa, ramuka masu zurfi. Yawancin mutane ba su da kusanci da bakin tekun, suna nisanci nesa daga bakin gabar. Matasa sun fi son ruwan bakin teku, inda suke ɓoye cikin maɓuɓɓugar tekun. Harkokin hunturu a cikin ramuka masu zurfi, kuma wasu nau'ikan sun fito daga koguna zuwa teku.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Babbar kamun kifi mai yiwuwa ne a duk shekara, banda kawai lokacin hutu ne. Ana kama shi a cikin ruwa a cikin lokacin dumama kuma daga kankara a cikin hunturu. Zhor yana farawa a farkon Yuni kuma ya kasance har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani, sannan ya sake farawa har zuwa Satumba. A lokacin lokutan zhora cingam pecks a kowane lokaci na rana.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun kifin bream. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.
Me shaye shaye yake ci?
The bream zai iya ciyar kai tsaye daga kasan tafki saboda tsarin musamman na bakinsa. Manyan mutane a zahiri suna busa busasshen ƙasa da yashi a cikin neman abinci, kuma cikin ɗan kankanen lokaci, babban garken kwari sukan iya share muhimman wurare na sararin samaniya. Yunkurin sarkar fata yayin ciyarwa yana ba da yawan adadin kumfa mai tashi sama daga ƙasa.
Tun da wannan kifin yana da rauni hakoran hakoran ƙwayar cuta, abincin da aka saba samu shine: bawo, algae, ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa, zubar jini, katako da larvae na wasu nau'in kifi. Yayin ciyarwa, sigar ta sha ruwa tare da abinci, wanda sai a jinkirta shi da taimakon manyan fashewa. Hanyar ciyarwa ta musamman ta ba da izinin wannan wakilin dangin cyprinid ya zama babban jinsin halitta a cikin mazaunin halitta kuma ya kawar da kiwo, roach da sauran nau'in kifayen kogin.
A cikin hunturu, musamman ma rabin sa na biyu, sigar bata da aiki, tana ci da wuya kuma ba ta da yawa. Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon karancin iskar oxygen da kuma karancin ruwa, haka kuma tarin gas da yawa a karkashin kankara, wanda a yanzun an narkar da shi a ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Maganin tsofaffi, wanda ya rayu shekaru 10-15, zai iya samun nauyi fiye da 8 kilogiram tare da tsawon jikin sa na kimanin santimita 75. A cikin ruwa mai ɗumi, ƙimar girma ya fi ta ruwan sanyi. An lura cewa mutane da ke rayuwa a cikin koguna ba sa samun nauyi mai yawa.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Barkiya a cikin ruwa
Bream kifi ne na zamantakewa wanda ke tara manyan ƙungiyoyi. A saman garken tumaki koyaushe manyan mutane ne da ke tsara motsi. A cikin lokacin dumi, garkunan kifaye suna cikin wurare masu rauni ko ruwa mai tsafta kuma suna ciyar da kullun. Tunda sigar fata halitta ce mai kunya da kulawa, tana da zurfi a cikin rana, da daddare mutane da yawa suna tururuwa don neman abinci, kuma wannan lokacin ne ake ganin mafi kyawun kamun kifi
Sukan ciyar da kaka mai zurfi da damuna a cikin rami na “wintering”, kuma da zaran kankara ta fara narkewa, sigar ta tafi wuraren ciyarwa. Amfani da kullun yakan mamaye wuraren hunturursu a cikin tsari. Dukkan manyan mutane sun yi zurfi a wurare mafi zurfi, ƙananan samfurori suna da girma kuma a lokaci guda kifi yana da alama an daidaita shi da girma.
Ichthyologists sun yi imanin cewa ba a zaɓi ƙungiyar musamman ta hunturu ba kwatsam. Tare da wannan tsari na sanyawa, hanyoyin haɓakawa a cikin ƙwayar kifin ba su da ƙarfi fiye da lokacin hunturu kadai, wanda ke nufin cewa an sami kuzari da makamashi.
An lura da cewa ire-iren nau'in na satar fata wanda basa ƙaura zuwa wasu jikkunan ruwa don tsallakewa ko ciyarwa na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30. Siffar da aka siyar dashi yana da tsarin rayuwa sau biyu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Barkiya a cikin ruwa
Ya danganta da yanayin yanayin zafi, shayarwa sukan zama da balaga a lokuta daban-daban. A cikin wurare masu ɗumi a lokacin shekaru 3-5, a cikin ruwan sanyi, balaga yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 6-9. Sauyin yanayi kuma yana shafar farkon farawa: a tsakiyar ƙasar, sashin shayarwa yana farawa a farkon Mayu, wani lokacin a watan Yuni, a kudu a watan Afrilu, kuma a arewa kawai sai Yuli.
Bayan farawa da muhimmin lokaci, maza za su canza launinsu zuwa mai duhu, kuma wasu kumburi da suke kama da ƙananan warts suna bayyana a kawunansu. An rarraba garken tumaki kashi biyu daban-daban gwargwadon shekarunsu. Dukkan garken ba nan da nan zasu tashi don farauta ba, amma a cikin rukuni daya bayan daya. Kowannensu yana tserewa daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 5, gwargwadon yanayin farji. Don filayen shakatawa, an zaɓi wurare masu ƙarancin ciyawa tare da ciyayi mai yawa. Abu ne mai sauki mu gane kwari masu lalacewa - gidansu, daskararren spins lokaci-lokaci suna bayyana akan ruwa. Ko da kuwa irin sigar al'ada da yanayin, yanayin fita yana ɗaukar akalla wata guda.
Adultaya daga cikin manya ya sami damar kwanciya har ƙwai dubu 150 a lokaci guda. Matar tana ɗaukar rataye mai launin shuɗi zuwa algae, da waɗanda ba za a iya haɗe su da ruwa ba har ƙasa kuma kifin ne yake cin su. Bayan kwanaki 6-8, larvae ya bayyana, kuma bayan wata daya ya soya. Idan zazzabi ya sauka kasa da digiri 10, to yaza a san yawan mutuwar qwai.
Da farko, soya yin iyo tare da wasu nau'in kifayen matasa tare da ƙananan kifayen matasa, kuma a ƙarshen bazara ko kaka sun faɗi cikin manyan makarantu. A koyaushe suna cikin neman abinci kuma a cikin 'yan watanni ka girma zuwa santimita goma a tsayi. A cikin wuraren shakatawa, za su kasance har lokacin bazara, kuma tsofaffi bayan kammala wani muhimmin tsari ya tafi zurfin kuma, tun da ba shi da lafiya, fara sake ciyarwa.
Abokan gaba na makiya
Bwar soya sune mafi kusantar su rayu a farkon tsarin rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta su da ƙananan kifayen na wasu nau'in kifayen, saboda suna haɓaka da haɓaka girma da haɓaka girma. A cikin shekarar farko ko ta biyu bayan haihuwar yara matasa sun fi fuskantar haɗari kuma yawancin masu hasashen za su iya cinye shi, irin su pikes. Har ya zuwa lokacin da suke shekaru uku, kusan basu cika barazanar komai ba, amma kifin kifi ko manyan mutane na pikes zasu iya samun nasarar kai hari kan manya.
Baya ga wasu kifayen da ke yanke hukunci, wasu nau'ikan kwayar halittar suna barazanar wannan nau'in kwaro, waɗanda suke yalwace gawarwasu. Sukan shiga ruwa tare da fejin wasu tsuntsayen da ke ciyar da kifaye, sannan, tare da abinci, suka sami kansu a cikin satar. Haɓakawa a cikin hanji na kifi, parasites na iya haifar da mutuwar koda manya masu ƙarfi.
Kifi musamman sha wahala daga gare su a cikin bazara watanni, lokacin da ruwa a cikin Wuraren yana da kyau dumi da rana. Akwai haɗari masu haɗari masu gishiri da ƙwayar cuta na cututtukan ƙwayar cuta - cututtukan zuciya. Marasa lafiya, mutane da aka raunana sun daina cin abinci na yau da kullun kuma galibi sun zama ganima na daskararru daga tafkuna - gulls, pikes manyan. Duk da cutarwar da parasites ke haifar, basu da babban tasiri akan girman wannan wakilin dangin cyprinid.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Siyarwa ta kowa
Jimlar sigar shayarwa na iya canzawa sosai gwargwadon nasarar nasarar spaining. Babban yanayin tsallakewar ruwa shine ambaliyar ruwa. Kwanan nan, an sami raguwar adadin wuraren yanar gizon don kewaya, wanda ba zai iya shafar haɓakar yawan mutanen wannan nau'in ba.
Amma saboda da matukar girman kai da saurin bunkasuwar kananan dabbobin, yawan abokan gaba a mazaunin halitta, yawan jama'a na wani wakilin musamman na al'adun dangin, ba abin da ke zama barazana yanzu kuma matsayinsa tsayayye. Kawai Black Amur bream, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha, yana cikin haɗari.
Kama kifi na yanzu ya zama ƙarami. Ana yin sa ne kawai a lokacin bazara, lokacin kaka. Dokokin data kasance game da kamun kifi sun samar da ingantacciyar hanyar amfani da yawan shayarwa. Don kiyaye kifayen kifin kasuwanci, an kirkiro kamun kifi na musamman, ana ɗaukar matakan tseratar da matasa daga tafukan ɓoye bayan an daina hulɗa da manyan koguna. Don ƙarin tasiri mai amfani, ana amfani da filaye masu iyo.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Siyar ta kasance kifi mai lumana ne kuma lokaci-lokaci kawai na iya nuna halayen tsinkaye, amsawa ga masu siyi da juji, saboda haka kamun kifin tare da sanda ba ya haifar da sakamako koyaushe.
Kariyar karewa
Hoto: Menene kamannin satarwa?
Idan ƙaddarawar yawan sigar al'ada ba ta haifar da damuwa a tsakanin kwararru ba, to amran baƙar fata na Amur yana gab da ƙarewa kuma an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na Rasha. A ƙasarmu, yana zaune a cikin adadi kaɗan a cikin kwari Amur. A halin yanzu, ba a san ainihin adadin yalwa ba, amma yana da matukar wuya yayin kamun kifi ga wasu nau'in kifin. An sani cewa satar fata ta girma ne kawai da shekaru 7-8 kuma yana rayuwa kimanin shekaru 10.
Babban dalilan raguwa na yawan yawan giyar baƙi:
- m kama a cikin manyan filayen shakatawa wanda ke cikin yankin Sin na Amur,
- yanayi mara kyau na tsadar rayuwa saboda karancin ruwa na kogin Amur.
Tun daga karni na karshe na karni na karshe, an haramta kamun kifin wannan nau'in fata a yankin Rasha, ana kiyaye shi a wurare da yawa na yanayi. Don dawo da yawan jama'a, ya zama dole don samar da haihuwa a yanayin wucin gadi, karewar halittar halittar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan a cikin ƙasarmu, kifin ciyawa shine nau'in haɗari da ke da haɗari tare da ƙarancin mazauna, to a cikin Sin abu ne da kamun kifi Saboda yawan haɓakar sa, an daɗe ana amfani dashi azaman "kifin gida": haɓakar matasa daga jikin ruwan ruwa yana motsa zuwa tafkunan ko wuraren waha, inda ake girma lafiya zuwa girman da ake buƙata.
Barkiya Ya shahara ba wai kawai tsakanin masunta ba, har ma a tsakanin gourmets - masoya kifi, saboda naman sa mai daɗi ne, mai daɗin ci da ƙoshin lafiya mai ƙoshin mai. Idan ana so, za'a iya yin kiwo a cikin tafki a ɗakin nasu, samar da danginsu a koyaushe tushen samfuran amfani.
Halin da abinci mai gina jiki
The bream yana son ya zauna a cikin tafkunan da ke da ruwa mai kyau, ƙananan rafi na koguna, ruwa na baya, kuma suna iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mai ɗan gishiri. Kifi ya fi son yin iyo kusa da bakin tekun da rana, amma ya yi ƙaura a lokacin neman abinci. A cikin dare, sutama fata yi iyo a cikin zurfin wuraren tafki. Waɗannan kifayen suna zaune a cikin ƙananan rukuni.
Ofan Barin Bambaar smallarama ce da tubular, amma saboda motsin ta, kifi na iya cin abinci kamar goro, tsutsotsi, tsutsa, har ma da tsirrai. Idan babu isasshen abinci, kifin da ya riga ya zama mai kaifi kuma ya zama mai kaifi.
Jikin bream yana da sihiri mara kyau.
Spawning da rayuwa rai
Balaga ta cikin jima'i a cikin maza suna faruwa ne tun yana da shekaru huɗu, a cikin mace shekara guda bayan hakan.
Shayarwa daga huɗar farawa a farkon farkon bazara kuma lokacin ƙawancen ya wuce kimanin wata ɗaya da rabi. Ruwan zafin jiki da ke wajaba don tsalle-tsalle ya zama digiri 11-17. Masana sun gano cewa hauhawar zafin ruwa a cikin tafkin zuwa digiri 22, kazalika raguwarta zuwa digiri 9, na iya haifar da lalata iri daban-daban a cikin soya.
Maza yayin tsiya suna rufe da ɗimbin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma launi na sikeli ya canza zuwa fari, sannan, amber. The bream ya yi tsalle kusa da bakin tekun, kuma nan da nan bayan ya tsallake ya bar zuwa wurare masu zurfi. Wadannan kifin sun mamaye dukkan makarantu kuma suna yin amo sosai a lokaci guda. Caviar da aka wanke yana manne da mai tushe da tushen tsirrai masu ruwa da tsinkaye a cikin kwanaki 5-9. A cewar masana, daya kifaye mace na wannan nau'in na iya kwantawa dubu 100-300.
Kayan mata suna da matukar tasiri.
Bream kifi ne da ya daɗe yana rayuwa. Wakilan wannan nau'in za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20.
Kifi
Bream kifi ne na kasuwanci masamman masu shahara a masunta. Yawancin jita-jita za a iya shirya su daga sigar fata: an dafa shi, an sha, an bushe shi da gwangwani.
Aman shayarwa yana jin kunya da hankali. Don yin kyakkyawan kamun kifi, ana ciyar da shayarwa a ranar kafin kamun kifi, haka kuma kai tsaye lokacin kamun kifi. Reamara ruwa mai kyau da kyau a kan larvae, fari, gari da tsutsotsin dung, maggots, har ma da kayan tsiro na asalin: taliya, kullu, shinkafa, dankali, ƙwazar, masara da hatsi na steamed.
Kifi a kan bream aiki ne mai ban sha'awa.
Ka yi kururuwa a hankali ka dauki gugar, saboda haka, idan kana kamun kifin ɗin nan to ya kamata ka mai da hankali. Wajibi ne a auna zurfin a kowane wuri na kamun kifi, tunda nasara ta kasance ne saboda ƙididdigar lissafin zurfin.
Lokacin cizawa, iyo ba iyo nutsadden, amma ya shiga cikin kwance. Idan kifin ya ɗauki ƙwarya, sannan kuma kwatsam ya jefa shi, to, kuna buƙatar zuwa wurin da kifin ya tafi da wuri-wuri. Lokacin yin tsere, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da sauri: tsage sigar daga ƙasa kuma cire daga wannan wurin don karɓarwar tasa ta tsoratar da sauran kifin.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Rauni
A scavenger shi ne ƙaramin sashin fata, kadai ne kifi irin wanda yake a cikin babban iyali na cyprinids. Valueimar daraja da shahararsa tana da tsakanin masunta. Nama mai daɗi, girma mai yawa, aiki duk shekara, da kuma rarraba manyan ramuka, menene ƙarin masoya ke son kamun kifi?
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, mai ɗaukar lamari iri ɗaya ne, amma a farkon matakin rayuwa. Ba a lura da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a salon rayuwa, abinci mai gina jiki, da bayyanar, idan ba kuyi la'akari da wasu alamomi ta hanyar da zaku iya bambance matasa ba. Ragowar - tsarin jikin mutum, wurin da baki, hakora da ƙashin kansa, ɗaukarwar daidai yake da iyayenta.
Bayanin mai tsoratar da kifi
A waje, ma'aunin abin mamaki shine kifin. Nan da nan bugawa shine siffar jikinsa.Shi, kodayake babba ne, yana da kwancewa daga bangarorin. Idan an dauki sikeli, to tsayin daga ciki har zuwa fin cin na sama na iya zama kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk tsawon tsayin jiki. Muhimmiyar sifa ta farko ta mai nuna tsoro shine rashin bayyanar sara, wanda wannan nau'in yake samu yayin rayuwa. Insashin jikin wannan nau'in suna da girma, yatsu - babba, mai tsayi - mai tsawo. Hakanan fin farin shima ya kasance mai tsayi, a fili aka rarrabe shi babba da kasa, tare da gashin fuka-fukan an fi kasancewa tsawon rai.
Shugaban yana karami ne ga irin wannan babban mutum. Amma a lokaci guda, bakinsa da idanunsa suna cikin nasarar kasancewa akan sa. Bakin yana ci gaba, yana baka damar kwace abincin, ba babba ba. Leɓun leɓun da aka faɗaɗa da fiye da santimita suna ba ku damar cire abinci daga maɓallin, kuma idan kun sa ruwa a bakinku, kifayen za su share zuriyar dabbobi tare da ƙorafi don neman abinci. Akwai hakora biyar na haɓaka a kowane ɓangaren, suna kan layi ɗaya.
Amma ga launi, ya dogara da dalilai guda biyu. Na farko shine tsammanin rayuwa. Vewalƙwallen yana da launin toka ko na azurfa, kuma tare da shekaru yana duhu, ya zama launin ruwan kasa, yana samun sautin zinare da tagulla. Batu na biyu shine yanayin zama. Duhun da yake cikin ruwa a cikin abin jujjuyawar da wajan da tsoffin takwarorin sa ke iyo, mafi duhu shine launin sikeli. Misali, idan ka kwatanta mutum daga tabki da kogi, na farkon zai yi duhu. Sikeli baya rufe jiki baki daya. Ba kan scruff ba ne - yankin da ke bayan kai, da tsakanin ƙashin kai da ƙashin ciki. Insaunansu suna da duhu, launin toka.
A matsakaici, daidaikun mutanen wannan nau'in suna rayuwa na tsawon shekaru 10, watakila moreara ƙari. A wannan lokacin, suna girma zuwa santimita 75, kuma adadinsu ya fi kilo 5. Abubuwan lura na masu bincike daban-daban sun lura cewa tsawon lokacin girma da girma a cikin girmansa ya wuce cikin sauri a yankuna masu saurin zafi, mara nauyi.
A dabi'a, akwai wani kifi mai kama da scavenger, sahu ne. Amma masunta masanan da suka san yadda za su bambance tsakanin su:
- Mai gyaran fuska yana da ƙananan ƙananan idanu.
- The scavenger, wanda yake iri ɗaya ne da dillali mai tsayi, tsawon lokaci ya fi ta ƙarfi.
- Fananan ƙananan ƙamarar suna an jefa su a ja.
- An hakora tsoffin mai gyaran fuska a layi daya, biyu na masu gogewa.
- Finarshen furotin na masu haɓaka ya fi guntu.
Sanin waɗannan kebantattun abubuwa, masuniyar ba zata taɓa kuskure cikin kayyade nau'in abin da ya kama ba.
Abokan gaba
Na farko, magabtan halitta a mazaunin mai bayar da tsoro sune kifayen dabbobi da suke son ci kan kifi da caviar sa. Idan muka yi la’akari da cewa satar fata da kanta tana son cin gajiyarta daga irin wadanda suka iya cinye su kamar pike ko perch, to a fili take a fili take cewa wannan kifin an same shi a wuraren da mai binciken yake kuma zaune. M ruwa mai tsabta a kan soya, matasa daban-daban. Ba abu mai sauki ba ga kama kifayen kifayen, amma ci gaban matasa ya zama mai sauƙi, saboda ba tukuna ya nitse ƙasa, ƙarƙashin kariyar sigogi da ƙamshi. Maharbi yakan shiga garken, yana kama ganima kuma a lokaci guda yakan ɓoye mutanen da suke kewaye da shi, bayan haka kuma shine yake cin su. Manyan masu farautar tsuntsaye da tsuntsayen suna son jin daɗin kifayen, wakilan waɗanda suka fara zuwa sama suna zama masu cin zarafinsu. Kwazo na kogin kogi da wasu kifayen suna cin ƙwaryar mai siyarwar, har ma da sigar fata wani lokacin tana amfani dashi don abinci.
Masunta sune haɗari na biyu ga satar fata. Yawancin nau'ikan jinsin, da ikon kamun kifi a duk shekara, nama mai daɗi, sauƙin ganowa, duk wannan ya sa satar ta zama ganima. Bama da kanta tana ba da mazauninta, musamman yayin tsallakewar abubuwa, kamar dai yadda yake nuna bayan sa sama da ruwa. Don haka mutum ya gano wurin da aka samo kamawar da ake so. Kuma sannan gwaninta da fasaha, ilimin al'adu da abubuwan da ake so suyi amfani da su.
Matsayi na iri da ƙimar kasuwanci
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, scavenger da bream sune kifayen da suke son shirya da rayuwa a manyan makarantu. Amma yawan haɓaka ya dogara da mazauninsu da yanayin rayuwa. Misali, ana lura da mafi kyawun kayan maye a cikin shekaru lokacinda ake hasarar kakar ruwa ta babban ruwa. Wannan sanannen abu ne a cikin tabkuna da kuma Wuraren rami. Wasu wuraren rabe ko da suna kafa na musamman, na wucin gadi, na filaye.
Yawancin gonakin ruwa suna tsunduma cikin kiwo da kiyaye adadin ƙungiyar. Idan aka kwatanta da alamu na baya, lokacin da mafi girman rikodin rikodin ya zama tan dubu 120, yanzu alamu sun ragu. A yau, waɗannan almara ba su wuce tan dubu 30 ba. Mutane suna kallon koguna da sauran jikin ruwa inda aka samo mai ɗaukar hoto. Idan saboda wasu dalilai to akwai barazanar girman adadin, an shigar da injuna na musamman da matsakaitan hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin yankuna marassa tushe. Mutane daban-daban na wannan nau'in suna da matukar ƙarfi a cikin matattarar kifaye a duniya. Ana sayar da shi a cikin ice cream, sabo, kyafaffen har ma da gwangwani.
Ku ɗanɗani da jita-jita kifi
Naman naman mai shayarwa da mai sigar fata ba kawai dadi bane, yana da kyau sosai kuma yana cike da kayan amfani. 100 grams na asusun asusun fiye da 100 kcal. Haɗin ya haɗa da bitamin na ƙungiyoyi A, B, D, P, E, C. Hakanan, naman ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani ga jikin ɗan adam - chromium, fluorine, baƙin ƙarfe, aidin, nickel, alli, potassium, sodium, magnesium da sauransu. Yin amfani da su na yau da kullun yana da tasiri ga aikin jikin mutum, kiwon lafiya, yanayin tunanin mutum.
Tun da aka yi amfani da wannan kifin a dafa abinci na dogon lokaci, an ƙirƙiri hanyoyi da yawa don dafa shi. Wannan nau'in yana ba da kansa da kyau ga kowane magani na zafi. Za a iya dafa miyar miya tare da wannan naman, ana iya gasa shi da kayan abinci daban-daban, soyayyen ko stewed kuma ana aiki dashi a hade tare da kayan lambu daban-daban, kayan dafa abinci na gefe da sauran ƙari. Girman kifin yana ba ka damar cushe shi da kayan da aka zaɓa. Dole ne a tuna cewa akwai kasusuwa da yawa a cikin tsoratarwar, wasu saboda wannan sun fi son shan taba ko kifin gishiri, sannan a yi amfani da shi tare da giya.
Dafa mai yin burodi a cikin tsare a cikin tanda na gida mai sauki ne. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar siyan babban mutum, saboda akwai wuri don cikawa. Yakamata a wanke gawa da tsafta sosai. A datse ƙyallen da kai, yi ɓarna a ciki kuma ka cire magudin. Kurkura kifin a ciki ma. Don cikar, yi amfani da karas, dankali da lemun tsami. Dankali ba za a iya saka shi nan da nan ba, amma a dafa shi daban tare da kayan yaji, kuma a matsayin kwano a gefe. Yanke karas da lemun tsami coarsely saboda ya dace a sa su a cikin gawa. A ciki da waje, yana da kyau a shafa da gishiri da allspice ƙasa. Hakanan za'a iya bi dashi da man zaitun don juiciness. Kunsa tsare sosai a kusa da aikin aikin domin ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba ya kwarara kuma cika bai cika fita ba. Sanya a cikin tanda preheated zuwa 200 ° kuma gasa na kimanin minti 45. Danshi da kamshin kwanon suna da ban mamaki!
Sanarwar Bree
Bikin yana da matukar girman jiki a tsaye, tsawo wanda zai iya zama daya bisa uku na tsawon sa. Duk da waɗannan ɗimbin yawa, shugaban Bream ƙarami ne. A launi da Sikeli na matasa sigar fata ne na azurfa, amma a tsawon shekaru ya zama duhu da kuma girma bream yana da mafi duhu launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka da baya da duhu tare da gwal na gefen. Ofarancin sigar fata, duk da girman sa mai girma, ƙarami ne kuma mara kyau.
Insarancin suna da duhu kuma gajera kuma kawai fin fin ɗin ba zai yiwu a kira shi mai tsayi ba. Finfin dorsal yana da girma, wanda yake a alamance alama ce ta sigar fata kuma tana daga cikin manyan abubuwanta. Kowane masunta ya san sigar fata, har ma wanda ya yi nisa daga kamun kifi.
Amfani da sirinji ya girma a hankali har ya kai nauyin 500 grams kawai lokacin yana da shekaru 5-7, lokacin da ya fara ƙyalli. Lokacin da shekara 2, nauyin bream yana da wahala - gram 20-30.
Habitat
Babbar tana zaune a cikin koguna, Wuraren ruwa da tabkuna. Abubuwan da aka fi so sune ramuka da wuraren waha. Ana shiga ruwa mara ruwa ne kawai cikin dare don neman abinci.
Tare da amo mai saurin motsa jiki, yana ƙoƙari ya ƙaura daga wurin saurin da sauri kuma maiyuwa bazai koma wurin sahun da zai dade ba. Mai jin kunya, sabili da haka, yana zaɓar wurare masu natsuwa inda mutane mafi ƙarancin zama.
Bawar Bait
Ana amfani da nau'ikan koto da yawa don kama sigar fata. Zai iya kama daidai a kan irin wannan:
Za'a iya amfani da daskararre ko kullu cikin nasara lokacin kamun kifi, amma idan kamun kifi akan gadan, ana yin amfani da tsutsa ko mashin jini. Ta hanyoyi da yawa, zabi irin na mashi don kama fata yana shafar sha'awar abincinsa a cikin tafkuna daban-daban, yanayi da lokaci na shekara.
Bream anatomy
Matsakaicin tsawon suturar jiki na iya kaiwa ɗan ƙaramin 80 cm, kuma nauyinsa ya wuce kilogiram 6. Babbar tana da karamin kai da bakin. Bakin ya ƙare da bututun da zai iya tsawa. Yaro yana da launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa baya da kuma hasken wuta, kuma ciki mai launin rawaya. Matasa mutane suna da zaren siliki. Gashin kifin suna da launin toka. Nau'in: BreamGens: BreamFamily: CyprinidsClass: Ray-finted fishSquad: CypriniformesTope: ChordantKingship: AnimalsDomain: Eukaryotes
Shekaru da girma
Bream girma da sauri. Tsawon kwandunan da suka rayu shekaru 10 zuwa 13 sun kai 75 cm, nauyi 8 kg ko fiye. Mafi sau da yawa, kifi mai nauyin 1.5 - 2.5 kilogiram an kama shi a cikin sandar kamun kifi. Calledaramar sharar gida ana kiranta scammers. A cikin yankuna na kudanci yana girma cikin sauri, ya kai ga balaga cikin shekaru 3-4, tare da tsawonsa game da cm 25. A cikin manyan tafkuna da wuraren ajiyar ruwa ya zama ya zama mai yin jima'i a cikin shekaru 5-8, tare da tsawon 30 cm ko sama da haka, danda ke saurin girma a cikin shekaru 3, yana da tsawon 12-15 cm.
Kama ruwa
Kushin bazara na satar yana farawa kwanaki 10-15 bayan tsallakewa kuma yana da kyau idan spain ɗin ya kasance abokantaka, ba tare da tsangwama ba. Wannan tabarwar ba ta dadewa, tana karewa cikin makonni biyu. A bayyane yake, sigar fata tana juyawa ga irin wannan abincin wanda anglers ba ta samo tafarkin da ya dace ba. Da alama yana ciyar da algae, yana nisantar sauran abinci na tsawon lokacin har zuwa farkon hatsin rai, lokacin da ɓacin rai ya sake farawa kuma ya sami daidaito har zuwa farkon lokacin canza launin ganye. Sanannen cizo ne irin na sigar fata yakan zama ana lura da shi a ƙarshen bazara da farkon bazara, amma masunta masanan da suka kware sun lura cewa kifin na bream kuma yana cizo a farkon bazara.
Kodayake yana cikin gidan thermophilic mazaunan Wuraren, kamun kifi wani lokacin yana farawa kai tsaye bayan dusar kankara a tsakiyar ko a ƙarshen Afrilu, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 8-12. A wannan lokacin, bai ci amanar komai ba game da halayyar sa, babu wasu surutai ko wasu motsi akan ruwa. Kayan kamun kifi don kamun kifi. Don kamun kifi a cikin bazara, sandar kamun kifi ta fi dacewa. Mun zabi sandar kamun kifi tare da tsawon mita 4-5, za a iya ɗaukar layin kamun kifin ba mafi ƙanƙanta ba ne, tunda ruwan har yanzu laka ne, diamita na kamun kifi shine 0.16-0.20 mm. Yana da kyau a ɗauki tarkace don kamun kifi a hanya, a karkashin nauyin 3-5 grams. Don cin nasarar kamun kifi, masanin ya buƙaci sanin al'adunsa, halayen ciyar da su a lokutan rayuwa daban-daban na shekara, mazaunin maza. Suna birgima a wurare masu mahimmanci, zaɓa tun farkon bazara. Suna zaune a hankali suna kamun kifi, suna ɓatar da kansu. Saka tarko a kan mashin kifi ya bambanta da ciji wasu kifayen, kuma sama da komai, domin, kamar yadda masunta suka ce, da farko ya ɗora kan ruwa sai ya sanya shi a ruwa. Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin da, bayan ɗaukar bututun ƙarfe daga ƙasa, sashin fata ya ɗaga shi kuma ya fara tsotse shi, sannan ya koma gefe. Lokacin kwanciya shimfiɗa kan ruwa ko barin shi zuwa zurfin, ya kamata ka yi sharewa. Wajibi ne a ƙulla suturar, duk da cewa ba a sarari ba, amma da tabbaci: leɓunansu suna da wuya, bushe. A lokacin farko, lokacin kama babban sisi, da alama ƙugiya ta kama kan snag, amma ba da daɗewa ba satar, bayan ɗan taurin kai, ta tafi bakin tekun ba tare da juriya ba, ta tashi daga ruwa, tana shan iska, kusan ba ta tsayayya ba. Zai fi kyau a cire sigar tare da mai wanki ko ƙugiya, da sauri, har sai ya dawo da rai.
Amma domin kama sata, dole ne a ciyar da ita. Mafi kyawun ƙungiyar burodi ita ce ƙananan maggots, sabo da ƙwaiƙar ƙwayaye da kek da hemp, da abinci mai abinci. Ya kamata a dage cajin wannan kwana biyu zuwa uku kafin kamun kifi. A lokacin kamun kifi na ɗan lokaci daga jirgin ruwa, daga kan gungumen azaba, ana sanya babban abincin a cikin ruwa a cikin kolob ko a cikin ciyarwa a nesa da 3-4 m daga jirgin ruwan, kuma a cikin ƙaramin wuri har ma da gaba, ƙari, suna ciyar da kifin yayin kamun kifi. Ciyar da naman sa yakamata ta wuce gona da iri, bayan cin abinci mai cike da garin kankana, lemun tsami ko kayan masara, sai ya daina sha'awar samun ingantattun leda kuma ya shiga ramin sa. Amfani da satar “ana neman cizo da yamma kuma yana kusantar da koto sau da yawa a rana. A ranakun mai haske mai cike da haske, ana iya kama suttura a cikin dutsen idan an iya ganin iyo a ruwa. A dare, yakan suturta fata akan abin da ya shafi. Lokaci don kama sigar fata yayin rana ya dogara da yanayi da yawa. Kwarewa da kuma lura da masun kifi ne kawai zai gaya masa lokacin da sigar ta bayyana a wurin ciyar da lokacin da za a kama kamun kifi. Yanayin da yafi dacewa don kamun kifi shine kwanaki masu dumin yawa tare da ɗan kudu ko yamma kaɗan. Ana, ruwan sama mai wucewa baya cutar kamun kifi. Kafin mummunan yanayi kuma a cikin yanayin sanyi. A arewa da arewa-gabas iska, da sigar ba da ƙarancin ciyarwa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na kamun kifi don sata a lokacin bazara: don mashin kifi na rani, don mormyshka, wayoyi, don donka. Don kama sashin fata, sanda ya zama mai tsawo, m kuma mai dorewa: anglers yakan zana shi duhu kore. Sun dauki dogon sanda domin su jefa bututun kamar sauran, tunda siriniya kifi ne mai taka tsantsan kuma bai dace a wani zurfin zurfin kusa da bakin ruwa ko jirgin ruwa ba. Ana yin layin kamun kifi tare da diamita na 0.2 - 0.3 mm don dacewa da launi na ƙasa. Hawan floats suna ɗaukar siffar elongated, zai fi dacewa daga gashin gashin gose. Ana sanya nauyin akan layin kamun kifi don 3-4 cm daga ƙugiya, tunda lokacin da nauyin ya yi nisa da ƙugiya, ba za ku iya lura da ciwan satar ba. Lambar saƙa 7 - 8.5, mai kaifi.
Dubi kuma
- Kama ruwa
- Bayanin Kalmar Kifi - Bream
- Bayanan Kifi na Kifi - Sanarwa 022 - Hawan ruwa, Kaya
- Bayanin Kalmar Kifi - Sanarwa 044 - Tashar Moscow. Poleschik, Guster
-Aya daga cikin-farin White Amur (Ctenopharyngodon idella) shine ɗayan manyan wakilai na dangin Carp. Girman kifin na iya zama kilogiram 30-35 tare da tsawon kimanin cm 120. Daga waje, yayi kama da irin kifin da aka sani. Irin kifin ciyawa yana da siffar jiki mai ɗanɗano, ɗanɗano mai laushi kaɗan a cikin tarnaƙi ba tare da keel ba. A cikin layi na ƙarshe 40-45 Sikeli. Shugaban yana da ƙasa, goshi yana da faɗi sosai, bakin yana ƙasa kaɗan. Cornerarshen kushin bakin wannan kifin yana kan layi daga gaban idon. Grass kifin fure yana da kyau sosai. A baya yana da launin kore ko launin rawaya-launin toka, bangarorin suna da duhu a launi, tare da gefen kowane sikeli, ban da waɗanda ke kan ciki, akwai duhu baki. Sikeli yana da girma babba. A murfin gill suna diverging ruwan radial na zinare.
Cutar kifaye tana da nauyin zinari. Theayoyin suna da haske, ban da dorsal da caudal. Idanu masu kyau.
Tare da bakin da bashi da sakaci, kifin ciyawa yana da matukar ƙarfi hakoran hakoransu waɗanda ke akan baka na biyar. A cikin manyan mutane, sun fi girma hakoran ɗan adam, mai kaifi, jagged, wanda ya dace da ɗanyen ciyayi. Abun ciki a cikin manya yawanci sau 2-3 ne tsawon jikin.
Grass kifin ciyawa ana yinsa ne da carp, domin ba mai yin gasa da shi dangane da wadatar abinci. Don ƙara girman da nauyi yayin girma, dangane da lissafin 1 kg, wannan kifin yana buƙatar cin kilogiram 30-70 na tsirrai a kowace kakar.
Hoto 72. Farar fata AmurWorks suna amfani da nama mai laushi masu yawa, mai kima da abinci mai kyau na farin amur, har ma hanta. An zaɓi manyan manya, saboda ana iya cire ƙasusuwa cikin sauƙin su.
Amur farin nama ya ƙunshi adadin bitamin (A, hadaddun B, C, E, da dai sauransu), abubuwan da aka gano (alli, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, da sauransu), har zuwa 6.7% na mai, wanda ya haɗa da omega-6 mai acid.
Hakanan magungunan antioxidant na halitta ne, yana daidaita tsarin aiki na zuciya da kwakwalwa, kuma yana cikin haɓakar ƙwayoyin mai. Yana inganta iskar oxygen zuwa sel, yana tasiri yanayin fatar, narkewar abinci da jijiyoyi, kuma yana daidaita matakin glucose a cikin jini.
Kofin abinci na Cupid an sanya shi ga kowane nau'in sarrafa kayan abinci: gasa, stewed, soyayyen, kyafaffen. A cewar masana da yawa, yana da kyau da kyau fiye da naman irin kifi na azurfa. Grass kifin kifi ne na kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, amma ba kawai.
Gabatarwar ciyawar ciyawa a cikin wuraren ajiya yana ba da babban sakamako. Cin ciyayi na ruwa, kifin da ke hana ruwa, kogunan, canjin ban ruwa, tafkunan kwantar da tsire-tsire.
Amur yana cin abinci sosai, yana cin abinci iri ɗaya a kowace rana a lokacin zafi kamar yadda yake awo da kansa.An tabbatar da cewa, ta hanyar cin tsire-tsire masu ruwa wanda ba shi da ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki ga sauran nau'in kifin, kifin ciyawa yana nuna ƙaruwa sosai a cikin taro, yana haifar da ingantacciyar yanayin muhalli don ci gaban ginin abinci na sauran nau'in kifayen masunta.
Wani muhimmin amfani game da irin kifin ciyawa shine tasirin sa kai tsaye ga iyakance haifuwar sauro. Cin ciyawar ruwa, ciyawar ciyawa tana hana sauro damar samun damar haifuwa da kwazo. Babi na gaba.
Babbar sigar fata ita ce kawai wakilin jinsin bream a cikin irin kifin. Bikin yana da babban jiki wanda aka matsa a bangarorin tare da ƙananan sikeli da kuma dogon fin fin, wanda za'a iya samun haskoki daga 24 zuwa 30. A kai da idanun sigar fata ƙanana ne, bakin da ya sake juyawa.
Jiki da ƙonewa na sashin fata galibi ana fentin launin toka (duhu tare da shekaru), ventral gefen haske ne. Kashin hancin na ciki, na huhun ciki, da na wucin gadi wani lokacin suna da launin toka mai launin ja. Launin fata yana dogara ne da halayen wuraren Wuraren: a wasu daga bangarorin sa akwai launin shuɗi-mai duhu, a cikin wasu akwai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi.
Finfin dorsal gajere ne kuma babba; Farar fata-ido da sigar biyu sun yi kama da na fata, amma sun fi ƙanana.
Hanyar kamun kifi
Ana lura da saurin fata a duk tsawon shekarar - watakila, banda lokacin shakatawa. Kuna iya kama shi duka daga kankara a cikin hunturu, da kuma a kan ruwa a cikin wani lokacin dumi. A lokacin zhora, ana kama suturar fata a kowane lokaci na rana, amma ya fi kyau da yamma, da safe da kuma a kan moonlit.
A farkon watan Yuni, sigar ta fara zhor. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, yakan raunana kuma ya sake ƙaruwa a farkon farkon kaka. Hannun kafa yana tsaya kawai tare da yanayin lalacewa.
Abinda aka fi dacewa don magance kamun kifin shine kamun kifi. Don kamun kifi a cikin ruwa bude - duka a tsaye da kuma cikin rafi - dangane da yanayi, za'a iya amfani da mai zuwa:
- tashi kamun kifi
- Sandunan kamun kifin Bologna
- wasa igiyoyi
- toshe sanduna.
Babu Don kama sata a cikin hunturu daga kankara, masunta suna amfani da sandunan kamun kifin ruwa da kuma mormyshki daban-daban.
Mummunan satar kifi bai cika gamawa ba tare da koto ba. Bikin kuma yana amsa da kyau ga pre-haɗe zuwa wurin kamun kifi, wanda aka za'ayi kwanaki 3-4 kafin kamun kifi. Kuna iya siyan zana a cikin shagon ku dafa shi da kanka. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da abincin tsirrai: hatsi, mai alkama, bran, hatsi mai hatsi. Hakanan sinadaran dabbobi ma zasu yiwu: kamar su irin su magots, tsutsotsi, mollusks. Babbar sigin kuma ta amsa da kyau ga kayan ƙanshi (anise, hemp, da sauransu) .. Babban abu lokacin zabar abun da keɓaɓɓen shine la'akari da yanayin gida da nau'in abincin da kifin yake amfani dashi.
An jefa koto a wurin kamun kifi nan da nan kafin kamun kifi. Idealaƙƙarfan tanti ne madaidaici wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu yawa da yawa masu kamshi sosai. Yakamata a haɗa abubuwan da keɓaɓɓen koto (waina, kera, baƙin) ya kamata ya zama ya raba, zahiri ƙura zuwa ƙura. Suna "shan taba" a cikin ruwa, amma idan kifin ya hau, ba zai sami damar ci ba.
Bait sigar mahimmancin kifi ne don kamun kifi. A ajiye, leskhnik yakamata ya kasance yana da nau'ikan nozzles, tunda mai saran kifi ne. Waɗannan bambance-bambance na yau da kullun ana bambanta su:
- tsafi
- bugun jini,
- tsutsotsi
- kayayyakin gari (burodi, taliya, kullu),
- hatsi da hatsi (hercules, sha'ir, semolina, Peas).
Hakanan zaka iya kama sutturar fata a kan babban cokyan (tsutsa tsintsiya), akan garken caddis, a kan ƙaramin herbivorous klepsin leech da mollusk dreissen. Preariyar sigar fata ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, saboda haka ya fi kyau a yi gwaji da ƙuruciya.
Yawan dandano na Biya yana shafar shekarunta, girmanta da mazauninta. Naman babban kifi da ke zaune tare da wuraren ɗebo tare da ciyayi masu arziki da tsabtace ruwa mai tsabta shine mai ƙima, mai laushi kuma yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan mai ɗanɗano. Amaramar bream (scavengers) ba su da daɗi sosai, saboda suna da babban abun cikin kashi dangane da nama. Kuma a kowane hali, ƙarancin kifi mai daɗin abinci mai gina jiki da aka kama yayin ko kuma nan da nan bayan jefa caviar.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
A watan Mayun shekarar 2014, wani mazaunin kasar Burtaniya, Ted Brian, ya kama wata babbar tarkace mai nauyin kilo 15 da wiwi 12 (kilogiram 7.15). Don haka ya inganta bayanan nasa, wanda ya kafa shekaru hudu kafin.
Bambaye yana da ji na musamman wanda ke taimaka masa ɓoyewa daga haɗari. Yana iya jin hargitsin tufafin kamun kifi.
A lokacin tsallakewa, shayarwa tayi tsalle daga ruwan kuma ta faɗi a kwance cikin ruwa. Hayaniya a lokacin tsiya shi ake kira "kamun kifi" ko "fondling" ya sanya kifin sunan "sigar fata" (kuma a Slovakia - "fesawa").
Amfani da shi, wanda ke da alaƙa da kifin zaman lafiya, wani lokacin yakan nuna halaye na maƙiyin kuma a wasu halayen yakan amsa ƙaddamar da kiftawar ƙwalƙwalwa: gwanayen zub da gwal daban-daban. Mafi sau da yawa, a cikin kaka, masunta masu farautar zander, perch ko pike suna da damar kama sigari don sikari.