Kyaftin, ko uek (lat. Mallotus villosus) - kifi mai launin ruwan teku na dangin da aka narke (Osmeridae).
Sikeli ya yi kadan. Layi na ƙarshen ya isa zuwa ƙarshen cinya daga ƙarshen bayan ya lankwashewa ko da baya. A cikin maza, a cikin lokacin mating, a gefunan akwai dogo biyu na elongated, mai gashi, sikeli mafi girma. Hakora ƙanana ne, babu kamanni. Zama stamens 32-43. Pyloric appendages 4-9. Vertebra (62) 63-73 (42-47 + 21-27). D P-IV 10-14 (duka 14-17), A (I) III-VI17-22 (duka 22-26), P 15-20 (North Atlantic capelin), B 12-16, A 19-24, P 15-18 (Far gabashin capelin).
-Aramin-smelt, Hypomesus, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan sikeli da ƙananan bakin. Murmushi, Osnierus, biye da sikelin mafi girma (kasa da sikandali 80 a cikin layi na gefen nesa), babban baki da kasancewar wasu hakora masu siffofi (Asiya smelt) suna biye. Dukkanin abin da ke cikin sauƙi sauƙin ya bambanta da capelin tare da gajera tafin fin (babu sama da haskoki 15).
Yankin arewacin tekun Atlantika daga Gabar Tekun Manx (mutum ɗaya daga Cape Cod) da kuma daga Trondiefjord zuwa Greenland, Svalbard da Novaya Zemlya. Kara Tekun Kara. Tekun Laptev. Arewacin Pacific daga shuka. Korea, Hokkaido da Vancouver zuwa Bering Strait. A cikin Rasha, capelin yana zaune a cikin tekun Barents, White da Kara-a yamma. Jafananci, Okhotsk, Bering, Chukchi da Laptev - a gabas. A gabas, yana haifar da matsayin M. M. villosus socialis.
SIFFOFIN MULKI
Kifayen kifayen ruwan da ke zaune a cikin pelagic zone (babba yadudduka da kuma a cikin ruwa) na bude teku da kuma a cikin talakawa gabatowa gaɓar teku a lokacin spawning. Kifi mai ruwan sanyi (arctic).
A gefen yammacin tsibirin Tekun Atlantika, har ilahirin bazara zai kasance a cikin bazara da lokacin bazara. An rubuta Spawning a watan Afrilu - May kusa da Fundy Bay, a cikin Maris - Afrilu - a gefen iyakar kudu da Iceland, a (Mayu) Yuni - Yuli (Agusta) - a kan St. Lawrence Bay, a kusa da Newfoundland, Labrador, Greenland da arewacin bakin Iceland. A gefen gefen gabashin, yankuna suna faruwa a lokacin bazara, rani da damina. A watan Maris - Afrilu (Mayu) capelin ya tsallaka bakin tekun Norway, Finmarken da yammacin Murman (lokacin bazara), a watan Yuni - Yuli - tare da tsakiya da gabashin Murman, a Tekun White da kuma Bohemian Bay (lokacin bazara), a watan Agusta - Satumba - a cikin gundumar Cheshko-Kolguyevsky da kuma kusa da Novaya Zemlya (capelin kaka).
A cikin Tekun Pasifik, spawning yana faruwa a yamma a cikin bazara (Afrilu - Mayu - a Tekun Japan, kusa da Kudha Sakhalin) kuma a lokacin rani (Mayu - Yuli - a Tekun Okhotsk, Yuni - Yuli - a gabashin tekun Kamchatka, a gabashin Sakhalin, a yankin Anadyr), kuma a gabas (Alaska, Tsibirin Vancouver) - a watan Agusta - Oktoba. A cikin Tekun Laptev, an rubuta capwning capelin a watan Satumba.
A lokacin yawon shakatawa, maza biyu (“kwanduna”) suna bin kowace mace (“roe”). An saka Caviar a zurfin daga mita zuwa mita da dama; a cikin Barents Sea, shi ne mafi yawanci a zurfin 25-75 (100) a zazzabi na kasan yadudduka na ruwa na 2-3 ° da salinity na (33.8) 34-35%. Ana yin shinge a kan ƙasa mai yashi, a yankuna masu kyau.
A cikin Tekun Pasifik, an lura da wasu yanayin zurfi da zafin jiki na tsalle-tsalle: Pacific capelin spawns in Peter the Great Bay da ke kusa da Fr. Vancouver kusa da layin ruwan, a zazzabi na ruwa na 2-4 ° da 10-12 °, bi da bi. Harshen tsalle-tsalle yana bayyana a saman Tekun Fari a zazzabi na ruwa na 0.6 -1.5 °, a cikin girma a 2 °, kuma yana tashi daga bakin tekun lokacin da ruwan ya kai 4 °. An yi rubuce-rubuce a cikin Primorye a maraice ko da dare, a yayin tashin iska mai zurfi, a zurfin 1-2 m. An saka Caviar a kan yashi mai laushi ko tsakuwa.
Yawan haihuwar Barents Sea capelin shine qwai dubu 6.2-11.9 (13.4) dubu, matsakaicin 9,2 dubu, haihuwa Jafaru yakai ƙwai dubu 15.3-39.9, matsakaita na 26.2 dubu.
Capelin kamun kifi
Qwai suna ƙasa, mai danko. Girman danshin ƙwai shine 0.8-1.2 mm, na uku na kwasfa na ƙwai yana cikin duhu sosai kuma yana samar da halayyar “ƙanshin launi”. Tsawancin ci gaba shine kwanaki 28 a zazzabi na ruwa na 6-10 °. Lokacin ƙwanƙyashe, larvae suna da tsawon (4.3) 5-7 mm.
Yankin gwaiduwa ya narke lokacin da tsutsa ya kai tsawon 6-9 mm, haskoki a cikin ƙusoshin suna bayyana a cikin larvae 17-20 mm tsayi. Larvae yana da tsayi, mara ƙanƙan jiki kuma suna da kamanni a cikin bayyanar larvae herring. Larvae tare da tsawon 30-60 mm na yin metamorphosis, sannu a hankali yana ɗaukar kamannin kifi na wani mutum. Tuni a farkon matakan adalci, larvae suna gudana daga gabar tekun zuwa bakin teku.
Fry na bazara da bazara na Barents Sea capelin ya kai 25-40 zuwa mm a tsawon kaka. Maza da suka manyanta ("galleys") sun kai girma girma fiye da mace ("ƙwai"): duka tsawonsu ya kai 22 cm (mace - 18 cm). Tsawon da aka saba da shi na yau da kullun yana da nauyin girma kamar maza: 13-19 cm da 18-23.4 (36) g, mace 11-17 cm da 11.3-11.6 (20) g Matsakaicin nauyin Murman shine 12.4- 16.9 g. Ya kai ga balaga tun yana dan shekara daya zuwa uku, da wuya shekaru hudu. Halin bazara na kaka ya fi girma kuma ya girmi bazara.
Yaponomorskaya capelin yana da tsayi (har zuwa daraja C) na 13-21 cm da nauyin 18-65 g, mata masu shekaru biyu suna da matsakaicin tsawon 155-165 mm, maza sunkai 175-179 mm, yan shekaru uku, bi da bi, 165-191 da 190- 194 mm (Peter the Great Bay, 1943-1945).
Capelin: menene babbar ƙarfin karamin kifi
Capelin yana ciyarwa akan zooplankton, a cikin Barents Sea, mafi yawan crustaceans: Calanus (Calanus finmarchicus) da kuma ido-baki (Eupb.ausiidae, Rhoda, da dai sauransu), ƙari, wasu ɓoyayyun (anyen caca (Copepoda, Hyperiidae), lardin shrimp, kiban kibiya (Sagitta ), cod roe, da dai sauransu. Abun abinci daidai yake da na herring, duk da haka, ya bambanta da herring, capelin baya hana ciyarwa a cikin hunturu. A cikin Tekun Japan, ana ciyar da ita ne musamman akan crustaceans: Metridia lucens, Hyperiidae, Calanidae, Amphipoda.
Herring, mai kama da maganin cin abinci a cikin yanayin abincin da aka ƙone da kuma yanayin filaye, amma wanda ya fi kifi mai ƙauna zafi. A cikin shekarun sanyi, yanki na rarraba capelin yana fadada saboda ragewar rarraba yanki na herring; a cikin shekaru masu dumin yanayi, ana lura da akasin haka.
Kifi mai sa hannun riga, musamman kwafin koli, yana cin capelin da yawa kuma galibi yana bin makarantun sa (cod), Balaenoptera whales, gulls.
Yawancin lokaci yana da nisa daga bakin tekun, a cikin teku mai buɗewa da zurfin ciki (yana jagorantar hanyar rayuwa da batutuwa), capelin yana zuwa cikin manyan garken zuwa gaɓar teku kawai lokacin damuna. Ruwa na maza yawanci kan kusanci kadan fiye da garken mata. Yawancin lokaci yakan zuwa gaɓar gaci, kuma raƙuman ruwa suna jefa shi a bakin. Wasu lokuta yakan zo da kangara zuwa gindin kogunan (Kogin Teriberka akan Murman, da dai sauransu).
A cikin Barents Sea, bazarar capelin ta fito ne daga arewa a cikin Maris - Afrilu (Mayu) zuwa ƙetaren Finmarken da yammacin Murman, hutun bazara daga arewa-gabas zuwa tsakiyar da kuma gabashin Murman, kaka tana yin rangadi tare da ƙarshen gabashin Tekun Barents, yana gabatowa a watan Agusta - Satumba zuwa Novaya Zemlya da Cheshko-Kolguyevsky gundumar. Lokaci na kusanci da girman dabbobin capelin masu dacewa suna da alaƙa da dogaro sosai ga hawa da sauka a yanayin zafin jiki da igiyoyi.
Harshen tsallake-tsallake ya zama duhu kuma ya yi duhu na ɗan gajeren lokaci a bakin tekun, ba da daɗewa ba zai bar bakin teku. A cikin wasu fjords na Yaren mutanen Norway, duk da haka, akwai wasu ƙananan garkuna na mazaunin, ba tare da ƙaura ba.
KARFIN MULKI
A cikin Rasha, ana hakar ma'adinan a bakin tekun Murman, daga ƙarfe 4 zuwa 10,000 (kafin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu), da kuma bakin tekun Far Far, inda suka fara mai da hankali kan kamun kifin nan ba da jimawa ba. Abubuwan da aka kama a Primorye sun kai tan 90,000 na capelin a shekara.
A gefen tekun Norway, kamawa ya kai mil dubu 70 - 137, a Kanada - kwatankwacin ɗabi'a dubu 16-18, a Greenland (a ɓangaren kudu) - sama da ɗimbin 7.5 dubu, kuma ana kuma neman capelin a Iceland da Newfoundland.
Kasuwancin Capelin a cikin tekunan namu sunada girma sosai. A cikin Barents Sea, kuna yin hukunci ta hanyar amfani da maganin ƙwaƙwalwa ta capelin, yawanta yana ƙididdige miliyoyin ɗarurruwa. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, akwai wasu wuraren ajiyar abubuwa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda tsararren bakin tekun, wani lokacin ma tsawon kilomita da yawa, ana iya rufe shi da wani yanki mai kauri na gugar jefi ta watsar da shi.
Cigaba da kamun kifayen ke kawo cikas sakamakon rashin daidaituwa na dabarun alkinta.
World capelin ta kama a shekarar 1950-2010 (ton)
Fasaha da hanya ta kamun kifi
Ana farautar Capelin a lokutan da ya kusanci gaɓar teku, akasarinsu kusa da bakin teku masu santsi a hankali. Yawancin lokaci ana kama su da ƙananan raga-raga na babban zakidnye raga da manyan raga. A Norway suma suna kama maɓallin zobe (200x40 m, raga - 13 mm), kuma suna amfani da raga na kulle (a cikin Vadsø).
A cikin Rasha, suna tarkon Murman zakidnye nalshvochny seines kuma, a cikin kwarewa, ƙyallen jaka. A Yankin Gabas, Suna Kama Zangon zakidnye da net.
Ana amfani da Capelin azaman katako don kamun kifi na dogon layi, ana cinye shi azaman abinci, har ma da abincin karnuka (Greenland), ana sarrafa shi a cikin abincin kifi. Fat abun da ke cikin nama shine kashi 2-4% (mai yawan kifin 11-12%).
Kamar yadda ƙyamar ci da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. An cinye sabo, da kuma kyafaffen pickled, da gwangwani sprats. Cika yana ba da ingancin kayan inganci. Hakanan an shirya shi a cikin bushe da bushe. Fresh da kyafaffen (tare da pre-salted) nau'in capelin yana da dadi sosai.
A Rasha, a kan Murman har yanzu ana amfani dashi da farko azaman yin gurasa. Don ƙulli ɗaya daga cikin bale na kwalin kwasfa (ƙugiyoyi 150) matsakaici ne. 2.2 kilogiram na capelin. A cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya, an cinye cin abinci a cikin bushe ko bushe-bushe. Wasu daga cikin karnukan ana sarrafa su cikin abincin abincin kifi.
Capelin ko ueck kifi (lat.Mallotus villosus)
Gwargwadon kifin pelagic, yana ciyar da ƙyalli na planktonic, yana yin babban gasa ga herring da kifi na kifi.
Capelin wani nau'in marine ne mai tsabta, yana zaune a cikin kogi na bude, a cikin manyan ruwayoyi (har zuwa 300 m, da wuya 700 m). Yana kusantowa ga gaci kawai a lokacin tsunduma, wani lokacin har ma yana shiga cikin jerin koguna.
Kafin kiwo, capelin ya tara a cikin manyan makarantu, waɗanda suka fara kusancin gaɓar teku. A cikin sassa daban-daban na kewayon, yakan birgeshi a lokuta daban-daban, daga bazara zuwa kaka. Makarantun capelin da za su je hutu sun bi sawun dabbobin kwalliya, kwalliya, hatimi har ma da kifi Whales. A cikin iska mai ƙarfi, raƙuman ruwa suna jefa filayen jifa kusa da bakin tekun: a Gabas ta Tsakiya, a wasu lokutan ana rufe tudun bakin teku tare da sutturar ƙarancin capelin wanda mahaɗar ta kewayo ta tsawon mil da yawa.
Ana yin shinge a kan ƙasa mai yashi, a kan kwari da kantuna kusan daga gefen ruwa. Haihuwa shine qwai 6-12 dubu, gindin caviar, mai danko. Qwai suna haske rawaya, tare da diamita na 0.5-1.0 mm. Kyankewar larvae na faruwa ne bayan kwanaki 28; a halin yanzu yana dauke su zuwa ga bude kogi. Sukan sake yin tsalle daga bakin teku zuwa bakin teku. Spawning yawanci shine 1, ba wuya sau 2 a rayuwa, yawancin capelin yakan lalace bayan yawu. Capelin ya girma a cikin shekaru 2-3, maza a shekara bayan shekara fiye da mace.
Bayanan kula
- ↑ 12Reshetnikov Yu.S., Kotlyar A.N., Russ T.S., Shatunovsky M.I. Theamus biyu na sunayen dabbobi. Kifi. Latin, Rashanci, Ingilishi, Jamusanci, Faransanci. / Acad ya gyara shi. V. E. Sokolova. - M.: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 71 .-- kwafi 12,500. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0
Iri capelin.
Tunda capelin yana wakiltar jinsin iri guda ne, wasu masu binciken sun gano rabe biyu a ciki, wanda ya bambanta kawai cikin mazauninsu:
- Halin Atinan na teku (lat.Mallotus villosos villosus),
- Pasifin kan teku (lat.Mallotus villosus catervarius).
Ina capelin (uek) yake zaune?
Capelin yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai zurfin zurfin har zuwa 300 m, a cikin lokuta masu wuya waɗanda ke gangara zuwa 700 m, kuma ba su taɓa shiga cikin ruwan koguna da ruwan rai ba. Mafi yawan lokaci, kifin kifin yana ciyarwa a cikin teku, yana matsowa kusa da bakin tekun don cinyewa.
Atlantika wanda ke zaune a cikin Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Arctic, ana rarraba shi a Davis Strait, Labrador, cikin ruwan sanyi na fjords na Norway da kuma bakin tekun Greenland, a cikin Kara, Fari, Chukchi Teas, da kuma zurfin Laptev da Barents Teas.
Pacific capelin yana zaune a cikin yanki mai girman yankin arewacin tekun Pacific, iyakance ga gabar Korea da kusan. Vancouver mallakar Kanada ne. Yawancin garkunan capelin suna jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali a cikin ruwan Bering, Tekun Japan da Okhotsk.
Menene cin abinci (eck) ke ci?
Kamar kowane kifi mallakar dangin da aka rushe, capelin maƙiyi ne. Tushen abincin ta shine abinci guda wanda herring ke ci: zooplankton, larvae shrimp da caviar na wasu kifi. Uek baya damuwa da cin ƙananan ɓarna ko tsutsotsi na teku. Capelin yana aiki koyaushe kuma baya hana cin abinci har ma da farkon lokacin hunturu.
Capelin spawning.
Lokacin tsalle-tsalle na capelin ya dogara da mazauninsu. Misali, ga makarantun kifayen da suke cinye kwari a yammacin tekun Atlantika da tekun Pacific, zai iya kasancewa duk lokacin bazara da bazara, kuma ga makarantu na gabashin Atlantika, wannan tsari ya ci gaba cikin bazara. Amma mazaunan gabashin zurfin Pacific dole ne suyi komai cikin watanni uku na kaka.
Kafin tafiya zuwa wurin shakatawa, ƙananan garken capelin suna taruwa a cikin manyan makarantun mutane miliyan da yawa. Masu biye da su sune madawwamiyar maƙiyin capelin: ɗabi'u, ƙugiya, garken kwarkwata da kifi Whales. Gabaɗaya, duk waɗanda wannan kifin ya kasance ɗayan kayan abinci ne. Wani lokaci manyan raƙuman ruwa, waɗanda iska mai ƙarfi ke jujjuya shi, ya jefa dubun dubata har ma dubunnan dubunnan kifayen na bakin teku, waɗanda ke rufe da farin inuwa.
Don spawning, kifin capelin yana zaɓan manyan wuraren da babu zurfi tare da yashi mai zurfi da zurfin ƙasa, duk da cewa wasu makarantu na ƙwallon ƙafa sun yi zurfin zurfin dubun mita. Ya kamata ruwa ya ƙunshi isasshen iskar oxygen, kuma zazzabi ya kasance tsakanin 2-3 ° C. Yin takin nafin caviar din ya kasance mai nasara, ana bukatar maza biyu da zasu kasance tare da mace daga bangarorin biyu. Maza tare da wutsiya su tono rami a bakin rairayin bakin teku ko kasan, wanda mace capelin ke sanya ƙwai. Eggsa'idodin da aka haɗaka suna da diamita na 0.5 zuwa 1.2 mm kuma suna da matukar ƙarfi, saboda haka suna iya mannewa da ƙananan kogunan ƙasan. Yawan qwai ya dogara da mazaunin capelin kuma yana daga 6 zuwa 39.5 dubu guda. Bayan sun nuna alamar ƙwai, manya sun koma mazauninsu. Akai-akai, ana aika da mutane guda ɗaya daga cikin kifin da ke chaplain, ƙari, da yawa daga cikinsu suna mutuwa akan hanyar gida.
Bayyanancin lardin larelin tare da tsawon misalin mm mm 5 yana faruwa ne a matsakaicin kwanaki 28 bayan hadi. Ana kwashe su nan da nan zuwa tekun bude, inda suke fuskantar metamorphoses, a hankali suna juyawa zuwa babban kifi na manya. Da kaka, ƙwayar bazara ta soya zuwa tsawon 4 cm. Matar Capelin ta zama mai yin jima'i a shekara mai zuwa, kuma maza za su iya shiga cikin tsarin kiwo bayan watanni 14-15.
Menene ma'anar capelin?
Kalmar "capelin" tana da asali sosai. An karɓa daga yaren ƙungiyar Karelian-Finnish. Kalmomi masu kama da yaren Finnish da na Karelian suna nufin ƙaramin kifi, wanda ake amfani dashi azaman kifin kamun kifi. Koyaya, kifin capelin kuma yana da suna na uku - kifin da aka kwaba.
Bayanin Kifi
Kifin ruwan gishiri yana da sunaye uku, kamar yadda muka fahimta. Capelin kifi ne mai tsinkaye. Ya kasance tare da dangi mai narkewa.
Yana da jiki mai tsoka, wanda aka shimfiɗa ta tarnaƙi. A tsayin daka, zai iya kaiwa daga 15 zuwa 25 cm, kuma cikin nauyi - har zuwa 54 g. Sikeli a cikin jiki kusan girmansa ɗaya ne: waɗanda ke kan bangarorin ciki da gefen layin kuma sun ɗan girma kaɗan waɗanda ke rufe baya. Shugaban kifin yana da ƙarami kaɗan, amma yana da faɗin bakin faɗaɗa. Kasusuwa na kashin sama sama ya kai tsakiyar idanun. Amma ga hakora, suna da yawa, suna ƙanana da haɓaka.
Ana ɗaukar fasalin kifi yana ƙonewa tare da iyaka na baki. Fashin hancin yana da mafi girman tsari, yayin da ƙ dosassun dorsal suna da ƙarfi daɗaɗawa da baya. Gashi da ciki na kifin capelin sune azurfa tare da farin tint, kuma baya yana launin kore.
Bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji
Kifin Uyek yana da sifofi na halayya, wanda ya ƙunshi bambance-bambance tsakanin mace da namiji, waɗanda ke bayyane ga ido tsirara. Namiji yana da ƙarancin ƙyallen fuska, jikinsa yana da yawa sau da yawa fiye da jikin mace, kuma kai yana da sifa mai kyau. A lokacin kiwo, ma'aunin gashi kamar gashi yana girma a gefen ciki na cikin maza, wanda zai zama farar fata. A lokaci guda, tsawon rayuwar kifin bai wuce shekaru 10 ba.
A ina zan samu?
Wannan karamin kifin ya zaɓi ruwan teku. Tana zaune a zurfin 300 m.A wasu halayen, yana iya sauka zuwa 700 m. Uwa mai narkewa ba zai taɓa yin iyo a cikin ruwa mai kyau ko koguna ba. Mafi kyawun mazaunin kifi shine rafukan ruwa. Sai kawai a lokacin tsalle-tsalle kifayen suna kusan zuwa gaɓar teku kaɗan.
Ana iya samun masarar ta “Atlanta” ta Atlanta da tekun Arctic da Atlantika. Hakanan ana samun shi a Labrador da Strait na Davis, a bakin tekun Greenland, a cikin ruwan Chukchi, Fari, Kara, Barents da Laptev Seas.
Pacific capelin yana zaune ne a arewacin teku, wanda tsibirin Vancouver da gabar Korea ta iyakance. Yawancin makarantun wannan karamin kifaye za a iya samu a cikin tekun Japan, Bering da Okhotsk.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, fishuk kifi maƙiyi ne. Abincinta ya ƙunshi tsatsauran jatan lande, zooplankton da roe. Har ila yau, Capelin yana cin ƙananan crustaceans da tsutsotsi na teku. Tun da уuk kifi ne mai aiki sosai, yana buƙatar makamashi mai yawa. Abin da ya sa har ma a cikin watanni masu sanyi capelin baya hana cin abinci.
Dukiya mai amfani
Kama Capelin yana aiki sosai, kuma duk saboda gaskiyar cewa abincin maraba ne akan kowane tebur. A kai a kai, ana kama kifin uek cikin manyan ɗimbin yawa, wanda zai iya kaiwa miliyan 0.5 a shekara. Lamarin ba wai kawai a cikin jin daɗin wannan kifin ba ne, kodayake suna da mahimmanci. Lowarancin kuzarinsa mai ƙima yana da daraja sosai, yana mai da shi babban kayan abinci a yawancin abincin abinci. Jikin Capelin ya ƙunshi sunadarai masu sauƙin narkewa. Abun cikinsu yana cikin kifi kusan 23%. Bugu da kari, tunda akwai 'yan kalilafan haɗin haɗin kifi a cikin kifi, an shirya shi da sauri.
Koyaya, ma'anar ba wai kawai cewa capelin kayan abinci ne mai daɗin abinci ba. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, har yanzu yana da amfani sosai. Kifi ya ƙunshi mayukan acid na polyunsaturated. Zasu iya rage matakin cholesterol, wanda aka tara akan bangon jijiyoyin jini. Yawan cin abinci na yau da kullun cikin abinci na iya zama ingantacciyar matakan kariya game da shanyewar jiki, cututtukan zuciya da bugun zuciya.
Jikin wannan kifi ya ƙunshi bitamin A, D, rukunin B, waɗanda suke wajibi ga jikin ɗan adam yayi aiki yadda yakamata. Kifi Uyek shima mai wadata ne a ma'adanai: sodium, potassium, phosphorus, wanda ya wajaba don rigakafin cutar dementia da haɓaka ayyukan tunanin mutum, da iodine, wanda ke taka rawa sosai a cikin aiki na glandon thyroid.
Capelin shine samfurin da ba a sani ba wanda ke daidaita samar da sukari a cikin jini har ma yana taimakawa rage shi zuwa matakin al'ada. Kamar yadda kake gani, kifi na Uyek wani sinadari ne da ba makawa ga abincin masu ciwon sukari, rasa nauyi da kuma mutanen da ke sa ido kan lafiyarsu.
A lokaci guda, kifin fishuk yana da wasu abubuwan hana haihuwa. Bai kamata waɗanda ke da haƙurin ɗan adam su ci shi ba. Ba'a ba da shawarar ci kifi a cikin mai yawa ba, tunda babban abun ciki na abubuwan carcinogenic da ke ciki na iya ba da gudummawa ga abin da ya haifar da ciwace-ciwacen hauka. Ko da tare da ingantaccen aiki, adadin parasites na iya kasancewa a cikin kifin, wanda, bi da bi, na iya haifar da ci gaba da cututtuka da dama.
Darajar tattalin arziki
Kifi Uyek da ke Sakhalin yana da matukar muhimmanci ga tattalin arziki. Da farko dai ya dace a ce wannan kifin kasuwanci ne. Hannun jari ya kasance mai girma a cikin yanayi, don haka kamawa a wasu shekaru ya wuce tan miliyan 4. Daga 2005 zuwa 2009, wannan kifin ya kama daga tan dubu 270-750. A 2012, yawan mashigar Uyk na duniya ya wuce tan miliyan 1. Babban kifi yana kamawa a cikin kamun kifi na kasuwanci. Jikinta ya kai cm 20 a tsayi.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Birnin Murmansk na Rasha a kowace shekara yana bikin hutu don girmama wannan kifin. Ana yin wannan bikin a farkon Maris. A wannan lokacin, a bikin gari, zaka iya gwada wadataccen kayan abinci na abinci da kuma siyan su a adadi mai yawa.
Mazauna Kanada a farkon kowace bazara ba dole ba ne su je kasuwa ko babban kanti don bi da danginsu da abinci mai daɗin abinci na cin abinci na abinci. Ka je bakin teku ka sami kifayen da kake buƙata.
Kola Peninsula ya shahara saboda gaskiyar cewa adadi mai yawa na tsuntsaye a wurin. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin adadin capelin suna zaune kusa da bakin tekun, wanda ke aiki a matsayin tushen abincin da ake ci gaba ga mazaunan lardin.
Ta tattara labarin akan capelin, Ina so in faɗi cewa wannan kifi wani muhimmin sashi ne na abincin ga duk masu son kifin. Ba shi yiwuwa a hana shi da amfani kaddarorin da shi mai arzikin gaske. Likitocin sun bada shawarar cin kifin kwalliya a kai a kai don hana hauhawar jini. A lokaci guda, yin amfani da kullun na capelin na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Kamar yadda tare da komai, ana buƙatar ma'auni a nan. Idan da gaske kuna son wannan kifin kuma baku so ku barshi, to saida shi kawai daga masu siyar da amintattu da kuma sabo. Kyakkyawan capelin daga babban kanti mafi kusa ba samfuri bane wanda zai iya kawo kowane fa'idodi ga jiki.
Bayyanar
Capelin yana da ƙananan sikelin. Maganin bakin mutum yana da ƙanana. Akwai ƙananan hakora a bakin. A baya launin ruwan hoda mai launin kore ne (hoto a ƙasa).
Capelin yana da siffofin jima'i mai ban sha'awa. Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace (hoto a ƙasa). Kuma suna da fareti na fulawa tare da faffadar tushe, girman dukkan ƙegunan ya fi girma, kuma yayin yawon shakatawa, maza za su fara bayyana a ɓangarorin juji, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan sikeli. Matsakaicin girman capelin shine santimita 15, kuma tsammanin rayuwa ya kasance har zuwa shekaru 3.
Namiji - 1, mace - 2
Rarraba da wuraren zama
Capelin ya zama ruwan dare a kusan dukkanin ruwan teku na arewa. Ana samun ɗayan kuɗin shiga cikin yankunan arewacin tekun Atlantika, da kan iyaka tare da Tekun Arctic. Capelin ya samar da garken dabbobi na gida. Za a iya samun yawancin garken a cikin ruwa na Barents Sea, kusa da Babban bankin Newfoundland da Kudancin Labrador. Har ila yau, capelin shine tsibirin Tekun Atlantika na Arewacin Amurka.
Tekun Barents yana da wadataccen abinci a koina. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, kifi ya fadi kusa da gabar gabashin tsibirin Svalbard. Zuwa arewa maso gabas tana iyo ta har zuwa Franz Josef Land. Hakanan za'a iya kama Capelin a cikin Tekun Kara.
Abincin abinci
Menu na capelin sun hada da yafi zooplankton. A cikin ruwa na Barents, yana ciyar da crustaceans (calanus da black-eyed). Ba ya ƙi jatan jatan lande, kibiya tsutsotsi. A musamman bi da shine kwalin roe.
Abincin abinci na Capelin daidai yake da menu na herring. Koyaya, ba kamar herring ba, capelin ya ci gaba da ciyarwa a cikin hunturu. A cikin Ruwan Tekun Japan yana ciyar da girke-girke musamman a kan crustaceans. Ba ya ƙi plankton.
Capelin kamun kifi a cikin hunturu
Kiwo
A gabar yamma da Tekun Atlantika, kifayen suna zuwa wurin bazara da bazara. Tare da farawa a watan Afrilu, capelin, wanda ke zaune kusa da Fandy Bay da kuma ƙarshen iyakar Iceland na Iceland, zai tafi don motsa jiki. Daga Mayu zuwa Agusta, capelin ya tashi daga Greenland, a cikin Gulf of St. Lawrence, Labrador, arewacin bakin tekun Iceland da Newfoundland. Daga Maris zuwa Mayu, taken kabilun Norway, Fin-marker da yammacin Murman capelin sun yi kaurin suna. A lokacin rani, daga watan Yuni zuwa Yuli, kasancewar yankin Murman na gabas da tsakiyar, har ma a cikin ruwan Tekun Fasha da kuma yankin Tekun Bohemian.
Kusa da kaka, tsakanin Agusta da Satumba, capelin spawns kusa da New Land. Pacific capelin ma ya yi tsalle, dangane da mazauninsa. A cikin yankuna na yamma, spain na faruwa tsakanin Afrilu da Mayu (Tekun Japan, yankin Kudancin Sakhalin), daga Yuni zuwa Yuli - kusa da gabashin tekun Kamchatka, gabashin Sakhalin da yankin Anadyr Gulf. Kusa da bakin tekun na Alaska capelin spain yana farawa a cikin watan Agusta kuma ya ƙare a watan Oktoba, a watan Satumba ne capelin na Tekun Laptev.
A lokacin tsallakewa, akwai maza biyu ga kowace mace, wacce ke rakiyar ta. Ana iya ajiye Caviar duka a zahiri a cikin ruwa kuma a zurfin da yawa mita ɗari; a cikin Tekun Barents, caviar yana zubar da zurfin a cikin mita 75, zafin ruwa zuwa digiri 3 Celsius da salinity har zuwa 35%. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, filayen shakatawa suna cikin yankin yashi, inda akwai ingantacciyar hanya. Jirgin ruwan Pasifik a cikin wata hanya ta daban: ya mamaye yankin Peter Great Bay, da kuma kusa da tsibirin Woncouver lokacin da ruwan ya yi sama da digiri 12 Celsius. Ciyarwa tana faruwa ne musamman da dare, ba sau da yawa a cikin safiya da yamma.
An saka Caviar a kan yashi, ba sau da yawa akan tsakuwa. Rtarfin mutane da ke zaune a Tekun Barents ya kai ƙwai sama da dubu 13 (hoton caviar), kuma daidaikun mutane da ke zaune a Tekun Japan sun kai ƙwai dubu 40. Caviar kasa, mai danko. Matsakaicin matsakaita na ƙwai shine 1 millimita. Larvae a cikin qwai girma a kan matsakaita 28 days a yanayin zafi har zuwa 10 digiri Celsius.
Bayan kyankyasar, larvae ya kai tsawon mil 7. Jakar kwai ya warware lokacin da tsutsa ya yi girma zuwa milimita 9, kuma haskoki suka fara bayyana a cikin soya, waɗanda suka ninka zuwa mil 20. Lardin Capelin suna da kama da larvae na herring: suna da tsawo kuma suna da karancin jiki. A farko, larvae yana haɓaka lokaci kusa da gabar tekun, amma bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci sai yanzu ya sake jefa su zuwa cikin kogi.
Arna da daidaikun mutane da ke zaune a Tekun Barents, tuni cikin watanni 6 sun girma har zuwa 40 milimita. Maza manya sun fi girma daga mace: tsayin maza maza masu jima'i sun kai mil 22, tare da matsakaicin tsawon mata har zuwa santimita 18. Maza matsakaicai suna girma zuwa ma'aunin santimita 19 kuma suna ƙaruwa zuwa nauyi 36, kuma mace tayi girma har zuwa santimita 17 kuma tayi nauyi zuwa gram 20. Ya kai ga lokacin balaga tun yana ɗan shekara 3. Koyaya, a wasu halayen, balaga na iya wuce zuwa shekaru 4.
Don haka, capelin, ko, kamar yadda kuma ana kiranta swarm ko capelin, yana cikin dangin da aka narke. Kifin yana da matsakaicin tsayin jiki na 25 santimita 25 kuma yana samun nauyi har zuwa gram 52. Capelin yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru 10. Kifi yana da ƙananan sikeli da ƙananan hakora. An yi zane na baya a cikin tintin mai launin kore-kore, kuma bangarorin da ciki an fentin su a azurfa.
Rayuwar Capelin
Capelin garken kifin ruwan marine wanda ke zama a cikin ruwa na sama a cikin tsaffin wurare masu sanyi. Yawancin lokaci, tana ƙoƙari ta bi zurfin zurfin mita 300 zuwa 700. Koyaya, a lokacin hudowar yana iya zuwa bakin teku kuma wani lokacin har ma iyo a cikin rafin kogin.
Wakilan wannan nau'in suna yin mafi yawan lokaci a cikin teku, a lokacin rani da damina suna yin tafiye-tafiye na lokaci mai nisa dan neman wadataccen abinci. Misali, capelin, wanda yake zaune a Tekun Barents da kuma bakin tekun Iceland, yana yin ƙaura na lokaci sau biyu: a cikin hunturu da kuma bazara yana zuwa bakin tekun Arewacin Norway da Kola Peninsula don sa ƙwai. A lokacin rani da damina, wannan kifin yana ƙaura zuwa mafi yankuna na arewa da arewa maso gabas don neman abinci. Icelandic capelin yawan mutane yana motsawa a lokacin bazara kusa da bakin tekun, inda yake tsallakewa, kuma a lokacin rani ya bar yankin mai wadata a cikin tsiren tsibiran da ke tsakanin Iceland, Greenland da Jan Mayen Island, wanda mallakar Norway ne, amma yana kusan kilomita 1000 yamma da ita.
Migaura na lokutan ƙawanya na tafiya suna da alaƙa da raƙuman ruwan teku: kifaye suna bin inda suke motsawa da kuma inda suke jigilar ƙarar jirgin ruwan da ke cin abinci a kan jirgin.
Habitat, mazauni
Atlanta a cikin Atlantika yana zaune a cikin ruwan Arctic da Atlantika. Ana iya samunsa a cikin Davis Strait, kazalika da bakin tekun Labrador Peninsula. Yana zaune a cikin fjords na Yaren mutanen Norway, kusa da iyakar Greenland, a cikin tekun Chukchi, Fari, da Karts. Ana samo shi duka a cikin ruwa na Barents Sea kuma a cikin Tekun Laptev.
Yawan Pacific na wannan kifayen suna zaune a cikin ruwan arewacin yankin tekun Pacific; rarraba shi zuwa kudu yana iyakance ga tsibirin Vancouver da kuma gabar Korea. Ana samun manyan makarantun wannan kifin a cikin Tekun Okhotsk, Japan da Tekun Bering. Pacific capelin ya fi son spawning kusa da iyakar Alaska da British Columbia.
Capelin yana zaune a cikin ƙananan makarantu, amma a tsawon lokaci lokacin kiwo ya fara, yakan tattara a cikin manyan makarantu don kowa ya shawo kan wahalar aiki mai haɗari a wuraren da waɗannan kifayen ke yawan wucewa.
Abincin Capelin
Duk da ƙaramin girman sa, capelin ƙaƙƙarfan mai farashi ne, wanda bayyane yake nuni da ƙaramin amma haƙoransa. Tushen abincin abincin wakilan wannan nau'in sune roe roe, zooplankton, har da larvae jatan lande. Hakanan yana ciyar da ƙananan crustaceans da tsutsotsi na marine. Tun da wannan kifin yana motsawa mai yawa, yana buƙatar makamashi mai yawa don yin komai don sojojin da aka kashe don ƙaura ko neman abinci. Abin da ya sa capelin, ba kamar sauran kifayen da yawa ba, baya hana cin abinci har ma da lokacin sanyi.
Tunda wannan kifin yana ciyar da ƙaramin ɓacin rai wanda ke haɗar da plankton, nau'in halitta ne wanda yake gasa tare da herring da karamin kifin salmon, tushen shine ma plankton.
Abokan halitta
Waɗannan kifayen suna da abokan gaba da yawa a cikin teku. Capelin muhimmin bangare ne na abinci ga magabatan ruwa da yawa, kamar kwaf, maskerel, squid. Karka damu da cin capelin da seals, kifi Whales, kisa whales, da kuma tsuntsayen masu cin abincin.
Yawan yalwar capelin a cikin ruwan teku shine sharadin zama na farko game da wanzuwar yawancin tsuntsayen mazauna a Kogin Pengla.
Kifi na kamun kifi
Capelin ya dade da zama abin kamun kifi kuma koyaushe ana kama shi da yawa a cikin mazauninsa. Koyaya, tun kusan tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, ƙimar abincin wannan kifin ta kai sikelin abin mamaki. Shugabannin kama hannun jarin Capelin a halin yanzu sune Norway, Russia, Iceland da Canada.
A 2012, duniya ta ɗauki nauyin tan miliyan 1. A wannan yanayin, galibi matasa kifi masu shekaru 1-3 ana kama su, wanda tsayinsa ya kasance daga 11 zuwa 19 cm.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Duk da cewa capelin ba wani nau'in kariya bane, kasashe da yawa sunyi ƙoƙari sosai don haɓaka lambarta. Musamman, tun cikin 1980s, ƙasashe da yawa sun kafa wuraren sarrafa kifin. A halin yanzu, capelin ba shi da matsayin adana, tunda yawanta yana da girma sosai kuma yana da wuya a iya kimanta girman girman garken nasa.
Capelin ba kawai yana da mahimmancin kasuwanci ba, har ma ya zama muhimmin sashi don kyautata rayuwar wasu nau'in dabbobi, tushen abin da yake samar da rabon abinci. A halin yanzu, yawan wannan kifayen yana da yawa a koyaushe, amma babban adadin abin da ya kama, da kuma mutuwar kullun lokacin capelin, suna yin tasiri sosai ga yawan mutanen wannan nau'in. Bugu da ƙari, kamar sauran mazaunan ruwa, capelin ya dogara sosai da yanayin mazauninsa, wanda ke shafar ba kawai rayuwar rayuwar waɗannan kifayen ba, har ma da yawan zuriya. Yawan mutane na waɗannan kifin sun bambanta sau ɗaya a cikin shekara zuwa shekara, sabili da haka, don haɓaka adadin ƙwaƙƙwaran magana, ƙoƙarin mutane ya kamata a tsara shi don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don kasancewar ita da haifuwa.