Fama - Kifi na teku, wanda ke cikin dangin kifin. Jiki mai ƙarfi da yadudduka, da kuma idanu waɗanda suke a gefe ɗaya na kifin, sune manyan bambance-bambancen biyu. Idanu galibi suna gefen dama. Jikin walwal yana da ma'ana tare da launi iri biyu: gefen da idanu duhu ne mai launin shuɗi tare da tabo mai launin shuɗi, kuma “makaho” farare ne, mai duhu mai duhu. Flounder yana ciyar da crustaceans da ƙananan kifi. A cikin bukukuwan kasuwanci, matsakaicinta ya kai cm 35 zuwa 40. Yawan haihuwa na balagaggen balaguro ya tashi daga ɗaruruwan dubban zuwa ƙwai miliyan goma.
Bayanin
Dukkanin flounders suna da jiki mai lebur. Partashin ƙasa shine ɗayan ɓangarorin kifayen, wanda ya motsa sakamakon halayen metamorphosis, wanda shine halayyar duk abincin kifin. Za'a iya kwatanta ƙananan sashin tare da sandpaper: yana da matukar wuya daga tuntuɓar kullun tare da kasan tafkin, babu idanu a nan. Ido daga wannan gefe yana motsawa zuwa ɗayan, tunda ba shi da kyau a lura da abin da ke faruwa da ido ɗaya.
Kashi na sama na kifayen ya ƙunshi ƙamshi mai ƙarfi. Akwai kuma ido wanda ya motsa daga tushe. Flounder yana da zane mai kyau wanda zai ba shi damar kwaikwayar duk wani farfajiya. Wannan ya wajaba ga kifin don ya ɓoye a ƙasa daga maɓoyan da ke son cin abincin. Idan ka sanya flold akan chessboard, to haske da duhu ai tabbas zasu bayyana a saman sashin, kamar a kan allo.
Iri daban-daban
Akwai manyan abubuwa biyu na rarrafewa: kogin gudar ruwa da kuma tsaftar teku. A waje, kifayen suna kama da juna, amma suna iya bambanta da girma da nauyin jikinsu. A cikin tsaran halittar akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan kwari iri-iri, amma mafi girma an kama shi a cikin teku. Tana da nauyi fiye da centita, tsawon jikinta yakai mita 2. Ruwan kogin ya girma har zuwa santimita 50, yayin da ya kai nisan kilogram 2, da kuma teku - har zuwa santimita 60, da nauyi - kilo 7. Amma a cikin hoto suna kama da guda ɗaya.
Tabbas, duk wanda ya ga irin wannan nau'in kifin a karo na farko yana da sha'awar tambaya: me yasa lebur mai laushi? Wannan ya zama dole don jagoranci rayuwa ta kusa-kasa da tono a cikin ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu, yi koyi da tsarinta, in ba haka ba kifin zai zama abinci ga masu farauta. Malek ya yi iyo a tsaye, kuma kamanninsa na al'ada ne, wanda ya saba da mu. Koyaya, yayin da yake girma, kifin yana fuskantar metamorphosis, kuma tuni yana iyo a gefe, kuma dukkan sassan jikin an raba su saboda rayuwa mafi dacewa.
Rarraba da wuraren zama
Tsarin teku da kogi na birbishin suna da mazauna iri-iri. Kifi na teku galibi yana cikin ruwan Tekun Atlantika. Amma kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin Tekun Fari, Arewa da Okhotsk. Kogin kogin zai iya rayuwa biyu a cikin teku ko kuma a cikin koguna, inda za su iya iyo sosai. Irin wannan kifin yana zaune a cikin Bahar Maliya da Bahar Rum, a cikin kogunan da ke gudana a cikinsu, da kuma a cikin Yenisei. Har ma sun bambanta da nau'i na musamman na tsawa: Tekun Bahar Maliya.
Tekun Bahar Maliya itace kifin kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, wanda masunta ke son farauta. Tekun Bahar Maliya, kamar kowane, ya fi son jagorancin rayuwar duniya. Ya fi dacewa a gare ta cewa ƙasa ta sako-sako har ta kasance mai sauƙin tono a ciki. Amma godiya ga ikon yin kwaikwayon ba shi da mahimmanci: yaya duwatsun launuka da yawa za su kasance a ƙasan, launuka masu yawa kuma za su isar da saman kifayen saman.
Halaye
Ko da wane irin kwararowar ruwa - ruwa mai tsabta ko ruwa, duk membobin wannan dangi ba masu iyo ba ne. Jin tsoron hatsarin, kifayen sun juya zuwa hakarkarin sa suna yin iyo da sauri cikin wannan matsayi. Da zarar hatsarin ya wuce, sai su sake faɗowa ƙasa suka yi ƙasa.
Ya danganta da inda ƙaƙƙarfan ƙawar yake zaune, yana da ikon canza launi da saurin walƙiya, samun inuwa da ake so. Launin kifin ya dogara ne da launi na bakin ruwa da tsarinta. Canzawa, ƙwanƙwasa tana samun irin wannan launi don zama kusan ganuwa. Irin wannan daidaitawar ana kiranta mimicry. Amma ba duk wakilan wannan dabi'ar ba ne suka mallaki wannan mallakar, sai dai waɗanda suke gani. Da yake ba ya san gani, kifin ba zai sake canza launin jikinsa ba kuma.
Flounder - kifayen teku, masu girma dabam wanda adadinsu ya kai kilogram uku zuwa kilo ɗari uku. Girman nauyi da girma ya dogara da nau'in halitta. Wasu mutane sun kai mita huɗu a tsayi. Da yawa daga cikin mu munji halibut, amma kowa yasan cewa wannan barna ce. Wanne kifi - kogi ko teku, tabbas ba a san mutane da yawa ba. A halin yanzu, yanayinbuts shine mafi girman ƙawancen da ke zaune a tekun Pacific da Atlantika. An yi rikodin kifin mai nauyin kilo 363, kuma wannan shine ƙimar mafi girma da aka sani da ilimin kimiyya. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine wannan nau'in dutsen yana da ikon yin rayuwa har zuwa shekaru hamsin. Bugu da kari, flounder kifi ne na kasuwanci mai mahimmanci.
Abincin
Flounder yana cin abinci dabam dabam. Ana iya danganta shi ga kifayen da ba ya iya yankewa. Tushen abincin yana kunshe da tsutsotsi, mollusks da ƙananan crustaceans. Amma abinci sau da yawa yana tafiya da ƙananan kifaye waɗanda ke iyo kusa da wurin mafaka. Kifin ba ya son barin shi, don kada ya zama ganima.
Duk da cewa magudanar ruwa wakili ne na masu farauta, masu baƙi sun gwammace suyi amfani da abubuwan bautar ƙasa. Don yin wannan, suna ɗaukar tsutsotsi ko naman clam. Don kifin ya kula da yuwuwar abin da yake ci, ya zama dole ya kasance a ƙarƙashin hancinsa kai tsaye. In ba haka ba, ba wuya ta fita daga mafaka, har ma ta ci gaba.
Kiwo
Yankunan Flounder daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Wannan bambance-bambancen lokaci saboda gaskiyar cewa mazaunin mazaunin yana da faɗi sosai, kuma a kowane yanayi, kifin yana da lokacin lokacinsa lokacin da yake gudana. Duk da cewa kwararar ruwa ta fi son zama ita kaɗai, za ta yi fakitoci don ƙwallafa ranta. Wasu lokuta wasu nau'ikan ƙawa na cudewa suna haɗe da garken tumaki, sannan jinsuna daban daban na iya hayewa.
Flounder ya isa balaga cikin shekaru 3-4. A lokacin cinikin yakan fitar da ƙwayaye daga kwaya ɗari da yawa zuwa miliyan da yawa. Yawan caviar ya dogara da nau'in kifin. Qwai yana tsayayya da lokacin shiryawa, wanda yake shi ne kwanaki 11, bayan haka kwan soya. Idon hagu na soya yana gefen hagu, kuma idon dama yana hannun dama: komai yana kama da a cikin kifayen talakawa.
Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, abincin da aka soya akan zooplankton, kuma yayin da suke girma, ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. A hankali, gefen hagu ya juya zuwa ɓangaren ƙananan, daga gare shi ido yana motsa zuwa gefen dama. Da wuya, ƙananan gefe ya zama gefen dama. Mene ne dalilin, har yanzu ba a san ilimin kimiyya ba.
Flounder kifi ne mai baƙon gaske, wanda dole sai an bi tafarki na zamani. Saboda fasalullukarsa, kusan ba a gan shi ba ne a ƙasan, amma gogaggen anglers na iya sa shi kama ƙugiya, yana jujjuyar da “ƙasa” tare da ƙarar abinci mai dadi.
Hanyar kamun kifi
Flounder shine asalin ƙasa, sabili da haka, dabarar farauta don ta dace. An ƙosar da shi a zurfin daga 10 zuwa 100 mita, tare da kifin carp da sanduna masu kiwo ta amfani da kayan aiki mai ƙarfi (daga bakin tekun), ko kuma daga ɗakunan jirgin ruwa, ban da hanyoyin kamun kifi. Amma yana da kyau a zaɓi sanduna na musamman na teku waɗanda ke da rufin musamman daga gishirin teku.
Kamar yadda ƙyallen katako, ƙananan kifaye, ɓawon burodi, mollusks daban-daban, squids, da tsutsotsi (grit teku da nereis) ake amfani dasu. Yawancin masunta sun fi son gwanayen wucin gadi. Kuna iya jawo hankalin ta tare da beads launuka masu haske. Isutun tana da rauni sosai, saboda haka ba za a iya lura da lokacin cizo ba.
C Harta da amfana ga mutane
Masu cin abinci masu cin abinci suna ɗaukar kifi mai laushi ya zama samfurin warkarwa.
Abun da ke tattare da abubuwa masu mahimmanci yana sanya rarrabuwar amfani a cikin cututtuka kamar:
- hawan jini
- cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini,
- na kullum,
- marowaci,
- cututtukan autoimmune
- na kullum mai rauni mai rauni
- anemia.
Yin amfani da tsawa
Bugu da ƙari ga abinci mai gina jiki don cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, ƙwararru yana da kyau a cikin tsarin al'ada.
Abubuwan da ke da amfani a cikin kayan sun samar
- saitin nauyi mai amfani yayin daukar ciki,
- murmurewa cikin sauri bayan mummunan cututtuka,
- rigakafin cutar kansa a cikin tsofaffi,
- performanceara yawan tunani, ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin ɗalibai da ɗalibai,
- Karuwan sha'awar jima'i,
- inganta tsarin gashi da kusoshi,
- fata tsarkakewa, kara turgor.
Cutarwa ya kwarara
Kifi, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba cutarwa ga lafiya. Healingimar warkar da kifi ya dogara da hanyar shiri. Flounder ta rasa mafi yawan kayan amfanirta a salting, shan taba, da canning.
Fitar da waɗannan hanyoyin za su iya cutar da gabobin jikin mutum:
- gishirin dutsen yana riƙe da ruwa a jiki, yana haifar da edema da hauhawar nauyin jiki mara kyau,
- gyada kai tayi tana sauke ajiyar zuciya
- gishiri mai bushe-ruwa mai narkewa yana sanya gishiri a cikin gidajen abinci, wanda ke haifar da arthritis,
- kyafaffen kifi da gwangwani shine ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar carcinogens.
Mahimmanci! Ciyawar da ba ta bushe ba tare da gishirin riƙe da abubuwa masu mahimmanci ba. Amma mutanen da ke da cututtukan gastrointestinal ba za su ci shi ba.
Lam
Lam - sanannen kifi ne wanda ke zaune a cikin ruwan sanyi na Tekun Atlantika da Arctic. Yana da mahimmanci kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, galibi saboda sanannen hanta, mai arziki a cikin mai kuma ana amfani dashi don shirye-shiryen abincin gwangwani. Hakanan ana samun code a cikin Tekun Pasifik, amma wannan nau'in ya fi ƙanƙanta.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Wannan mazaunin ruwan teku yana zaɓar mafi yawan salon rayuwa. Yana son yin hutu lokacin hutu a bakin tekun. Yana iya kawai kwance a saman, ko binne kanta a cikin yashi zuwa ga idanun don lura da yanayin. Da wuya a ga cewa kwararar ruwa ta tashi sama da mita ɗaya daga tekun.
Don kifi ne - tushen rayuwa, gida da kuma hanyar samun ceto daga maharbanta. Godiya ga yin kwaikwayo (ikon hanzarta rikicewa kamar yadda yanayi, galibi kamar duwatsu da ƙasa), tana iya yin shuru a hankali ta kaiwa abokanta hari ko ɓoye cikin sauri daga abokan gaba.
Wani muhimmin fasalin shine rashin jinkiri. Da alama saboda rashin daidaituwa ne da baƙon abu don kifi na al'ada, dutsen yana iyo a hankali. Masunta da ba su da ilimi sun ce kama wannan halittar ruwa mai sauƙi ne, kuma hanyarsa guda ɗaya ce ta ceto ce kawai. Koyaya, a'a.
Lokacin da magudanar ruwa ta ji babu lafiya - tana iyo a hankali, sai ta ji kamar wadda yanzu take ɗauke da ita. Motsawarsa yayi kama da motsi kamar-motsi, kuma saurin sa baya wuce mita 10 a kowace awa.
Amma idan maharbi ya kama kifi daga baya, zai iya haɓaka mai kyau sosai. Godiya ga gajeren wutsiyarsa, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasawa da ƙanƙan da baya da ƙoshin sa, yana iya ɓoyewa daga cikin masu bin sa.
A cikin yanayin gaggawa, mai ɗaukar kankara yana iya yin takamaiman saurin mita sau ɗaya lokaci ɗaya, yayin barin barin babban rafi na ruwa wanda za'a tura shi ƙasa. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon murfin gill a cikin tsarin kifin.
Yana kan tabo na jikin mutum. Jirgin ruwa mai ƙarfi zai tayar da tushe, wanda zai rikitar da maƙiyin ko kuma ya ɓoye ganima. Don haka, ana amfani da wannan dabarar don kai hari ga mutanen da suka afka cikin jirgin ruwa ko kuma tserewa daga kifayen teku mafi girma da haɗari.
Flounder na zaune ne a cikin ruwan Tekun Pacific. Yawan nau'in kogi suna mamaye ƙarshen kogunan sanyi, bays. Za a iya haɗuwa a cikin Dnieper, Bug, Dniester. Yawan mazaunan tekun galibi suna cikin Baƙi, Jafananci, Baltic, Bering, da Tekun Bahar Rum.
A cikin Tekun Azov irin wannan kifin ba shi da yawa. Tsakanin Kogin Baƙi da Azov akwai bakin Kogin Don, wanda ruwa mai tsami da nau'ikan ruwa masu ɗaukar ruwa suna jin daɗi.
Duk da kyakkyawan yanayin gishirin, har yanzu yana da ɗan wahalar haɗuwa dasu a wurin. Malaman zamani suna kama wannan kifin don dalilai na masana'antu ko na siyarwa. Yana da kyau a san cewa irin waɗannan ayyukan suna ba su damar samun kuɗi mai kyau.
Yankakken furanni da fararen hular da ke arewa, sun fi son ruwan sanyi, yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin Kara, Okhotsk, Bering da White Sea. Yana da matukar wahalar haɗuwa dashi a cikin kogunan Ob, Kare, Tugur da Yenisei. Kifi yana ƙaunar siliki da ƙasa mai laushi, a ciki zaka iya ɓoyewa, wanda shine abin da waɗannan kogunan ke da shi.
Yellowfin taxon ya fi na kowa lebur kifi na iyalai yana zaune a cikin ruwa tare da matsakaici na matsakaici ko babban gishiri. Mafi sau da yawa, tana iyo a cikin zurfin ba kasa da mita ɗari uku.
Wadannan kifayen sun shahara sosai a masana'antar. Sun zauna White, Baltic, Rum da sauran ruwan Tekun Atlantika. Kudancin farin-bellched flounder ana samunsa sau da yawa a yankin gabar teku na Jafananci da Red Tekuna.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kowace talala na tsawa tana cin abinci a lokuta daban daban na rana. Daya a rana, ɗayan da dare. Ya dogara da ƙasa da ƙaƙƙarfan mazauninsu. Ainihin, waɗannan wakilan fauna suna cin abincin asalin dabbobi, amma idan ba su iya kama komai ba, su ma za su more ciyawar.
Hakanan, abincin abinci mai narkewa ya dogara da shekarunta. Misali, yara maza suna ciyar da qwai na wasu kifaye, ƙananan crustaceans, amphipods, benthos, tsutsotsi, larvae, da kwari na ruwa.
Tsofaffin mutane sun fi so su sami riba daga soya da ƙananan kifi, tsutsotsi da sauran wakilan dangin echinoderm, ƙananan dabbobi daga dangin invertebrate, ophiuras, da crustaceans. Shrimps da capelin sune mafi yawan abincin da aka fi so don ƙawanya.
Saboda sabon tsarin da shugaban yayi, watau jingina a kai, jikin kifin zai iya kwantar da ƙananan mollusks da sauran mazaunan ruwa zurfin daga tushe.
Hakora mai kaifi suma suna taimaka mata wajen fitar da su. Har ila yau, yana da jaws mai ƙarfi. Tana iya sauƙin kawar da abubuwan ƙwanƙwasa ko kuma gwanayen oysters, shellfish da sauran su. Don aiki na yau da kullun na wannan nau'in kifaye, tsarin abinci na abinci mai gina jiki ya zama dole.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Abu na farko da ya kama maka ido shine bayyanar: shimfiɗaɗɗa ce, ina tsammanin mutane da yawa sun gani yawo cikin hoto, wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa ita asalin mazaunin ƙasa ne. Wannan nau'in kifin da ba shi da asali ba shi ne daga haihuwa ba, abin da yake dafa shi yana kama da sauran kifayen talakawa, kuma yayin da suka girma sun fara kama da manya.
Idanunsu sun fara kasancewa a bangarorin jiki, sannan ido ɗaya - dama ko hagu, sannu a hankali ya koma ɗayan sabanin, gefen kuma idanun biyu suka kasance "saman" na kifin, da kuma ɗayan ciki, wanda ya zama haske da m, flounder kifi kullun nunin faifai tare da ƙasan.
Zai iya rayuwa a cikin zurfin har zuwa 200 m, amma mafi zurfin zurfin shi shine 10-15m. Gwargwadon yanayin wannan kifin yana da faɗi, saboda akwai nau'ikan kifin kifayen - waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin teku:
- fama
- turbo
- Tekun Bahar Maliya
- dab,
- da mazaunan koguna - ruwa mai gudana yana gudana.
Teku da kogi a cikin bayyanar ba su da bambanci sosai, suna iya bambanta kawai da girman, takwarorinsu na ruwa sun kai manyan girma.An san shari'ar lokacin da masu jirgin ruwa suka kama wata katuwar jirgin ruwa mai nauyin kilogram 100 da girmansa a cikin mita biyu.
Hatta mawuyacin hali ma daban ne, ana samun ruwa a mafi yawan lokuta a yanayin dumin teku, tekun Atlantika, haka kuma ana samunsu a Arewa, Farar fata, Baƙar fata da Farin Teku. Kogin kuma yana zaune a cikin teku, amma yana iya iyo ruwa mai nisa, wanda aka samo a Tekun Bahar Rum, cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya da kuma cikin koguna da aka raba su.
Hakanan ana samun shi ta hanyar hanyar Daɗin Yenisei. Akwai wani nau'in daban - Rashin Tekun Bahar Maliya, wanda masuntan kasuwanci ke yaba shi sosai, yana da irin wannan ikon kwaikwayon, yana haifar da yanayin yashi da farauta.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama tsawa zaune a kasan da ke samar da rayuwarta. Duk da cewa bisa ga dabi'a mai birgewa, kifin teku shine maɓarnaci, amma wannan bai sa ya zama mai aiki ba, ya gwammaci farauta.
A cikin hoto, flounder masquerades akan bakin ruwa.
Suna kwance har yanzu, idan ya zama dole burrow a cikin yashi da ƙasa, suna birgima a cikin motsi-kamar ƙungiyoyi, suna yin ɓacin rai kuma sun juya ƙasa a kusa da su, to sai suyi kwanciya a cikin rami kuma ƙasa ta zauna ta rufe jikinta.
Amma wannan ba duk abin da kifi zai iya yi ba don rikicewa - jikinsa yana da hoto a gefen gani, wanda zai iya canzawa don daidaitawa da yanayin, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar wuce gona da iri. Wannan karfin ana kiran shi mimicry ga dukkan halittu, amma dukkan nau'ukan bautar na iya amfani dashi, makafi kifaye basu iya canza launi.
Idan kuma aka sami wata fargaba ko haɗari, tsawa ta tashi da sauri daga tushe, ta juye zuwa ga gefenta kuma cikin bazata ta tashi ta amintar da yankin, sannan kuma ta sake kwanto a gefen makanta kuma ta ɓoye
A cikin hoto, kogin kogi
Habitat
Tana zaune a bakin tekun Scandinavia, Yankin Tsakiyar Turai da Bahar Rum daga kan iyaka zuwa zurfin 55 m, har ma a cikin tsibiri da wasu tabkuna a bakin tekun. Kogin kogi yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan kwari da yawa, yana da kyau fiye da wasu nau'in don daidaitawa da sabbin yanayin muhalli. Yana faruwa daga bakin tekun Arctic a arewacin Norway zuwa yankuna masu ruwa mara amfani da rana kusa da gabar arewacin Afirka. Zai iya rayuwa biyu a cikin ruwa da ruwa mai kyau. Ana samun kogin kogunan ruwa a cikin manyan hanyoyin ruwan teku. Ruwa mai ƙarfi yana ɗaga kifaye a bakin kogin, inda suke samun isasshen abinci.
Menene kamannin tashi?
Muhimmin fasalin rarrabewar ƙawance shine idanuwanta. Suna convex kuma an sanya su a gefen dama na jiki. A saboda wannan, ana kiran kifin na hannun dama. Da wuya, amma har yanzu akwai irin waɗannan wakilai waɗanda ɓangaren hangen nesa suna cikin hagu ko a ko'ina suke a ɓangarorin.
Gefen hagu, wanda babu idanu, ana kiransa "gefen makafi." Fata a nan mai yawa ne, mai kauri ne kuma mara nauyi. Wannan fasalin yana kare kifin daga farmakin abokan gaba a gefen hagu kuma yana inganta motsi akan duwatsu da yashi.
Bayanin tsarin jikin mutum:
- Torso. Jiki mai laushi ya ƙyale halittar teku don ɓoye a ƙarƙashin dutse, binne kanta a cikin yashi ko kuma a hankali ta nutse har ƙasa. Layi na tsaye yana gudana tsakanin idanu. Fatar kan 'gefen dama' tana da santsi kuma tana da ikon canza launi zuwa launi zuwa ƙasa, wanda ke inganta maski. Yankin da ya taɓa zuwa kasan (hagu) yawanci haske ne a launi.
- Shugaban. Idanu suna a hade kuma a hankali suke. Layin ƙarshen, wanda ya raba su a sarari, yana bawa idanu damar haɗa kai don aiwatar da ayyukansu daban, wanda ke faɗaɗa fadada sosai. Akwai haƙoran haƙora a cikin rami na bakin, bakin ya gurbata. Wannan yanayin an gabatar dashi ta dabi'a, kifin kuma yana amfani dashi, yana kama ganima, wanda yake iyo daga gefe. Murfin gill yana gefen hagu.
- Fins. Fin ta yanke wutsiya, amma tana daidaita da aikinta, yana taimakawa kifin ya motsa da sauri. Dorsal, akasin haka, elongated, located kusa da kai. Ushin ventral daidai yake. Suna da kunkuntar tushe da haskoki da yawa. Suna taimakon maharbi ya zama mai ƙazantarwa kuma mara amfani.
Mafi sau da yawa, babban jikin yana launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, amma launi ya dogara da wasu dalilai: nau'in da mazauninsu.
Yankunan rarraba da salon rayuwa
Flounder ruwa ne mai ruwa da kuma mazaunin kogi. Inda ta zauna, tilas a sami cikakkiyar yanayi don rayuwa ta kasance. Kifi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a arewacin tekun Pacific. Ana ganin lambobi masu mahimmanci a cikin Chukchi, Rum, Japanese, Okhotsk da Bering Seas. Wakilan jikkunan ruwa na ruwa suna zaune a rafin ƙananan kwari da kuma rafukan koguna (Dnieper, Kudancin Bug, Dniester).
Zamanannen ruwan a cikin Tekun Azov da kogunan da ke gudana a ciki, wanda ke rage matakin ruwan, an ba da izinin wakilcin ruwan tebur kamar bahar Black a bakin Kogin Don. Wadancan nau'in wadanda ke jure yanayin zafi kadan suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa na White, kazalika da tekun Kara da Okhotsk. Hakanan ana iya samun su a cikin koguna kamar Yenisei, Ob, Tugur Bay.
Flounder yana ƙaunar ƙasa mai laushi mai laushi. Yana ciyar da rayuwar kai kaɗai a ƙasa, an binne shi a cikin yashi. Zai iya yin kwana a ƙarƙashin yashi kuma ya gani tare da idanunsa don duk abin da ke faruwa. Zai iya tashi sama da ƙasa a matakin mita, amma wannan ba zai yiwu ba.
Mimicry muhimmin fasali ne don yawo. Wannan kalmar tana nufin "ɓarke." Kifayen da ke amfani da wannan yanayin jikinsu zasu iya kai hari ga ganima kuma su ɓoye wa sauran mazaunan tekun.
Flounder yana iyo a hankali, ba fiye da mita 9-11 a awa daya. Idan ka kalli yadda yake tafiya yadda ya kamata, da alama dai yana ɗaukar na yanzu ne. Amma wannan kawai lokacin da kifin ya ji cikakken tsaro. Lokacin da haɗari ya kusanto, saurin motsi yana ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan an sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar biyu na ƙananan haɓaka a gaban juna, wutsiya da ƙarancin hannun kafa ta gajeriyar fin.
A cikin yanayi mafi hatsari da baƙon abu, dutsen yana yin tsalle mai tsayi nan da nan zuwa mita 4-5. Yana barin jet mai ƙarfi wanda aka nufi zuwa ƙasa. Kogin ruwa zai ta da murfin daga ƙasa kuma ya ɓoye maƙarƙashin harin. Wani abu mai kama da wannan yana faruwa ne saboda murfin murfin, wanda a cikin tsarin kifin yana gefen hagu na jiki.
Akwai adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan ƙaura. Daga cikinsu akwai mazaunan teku da kuma mazaunan kogi. Sun bambanta a tsakanin su ba kawai bayyanar ba, har ma da yadda ake ciyar da su.
Yi la'akari da wasu nau'in dangi Flounder:
- Saka. Ana wakiltar wannan wakilin ruwan teku ta tsarin hagu ne na hagu, wanda ba kasafai yake faruwa ba ga wakilan Kambalovs. Launin jiki launin ruwan kasa ne, zaitun ko launin ruwan kasa-kore. Wannan wakilin ya sami sunan sa ne saboda kyakkyawan tsarin a baya da kuma kafafun ventral. Sun yi kama da taurari. Tsawan matsakaicin matsakaicinsa shine 55 cm, kuma nauyinta shine 4-4.5 kg.
- Mai aikin rawaya. Yana jin dadi a cikin ruwan sanyi. Yana jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki. Farauta kuma yana haifar da jini mai sanyi. Jiran karamin kifi da mafi yawan wakilan ranar teku. Kyakkyawan fasalin wannan nau'in shine nau'in zagaye na jiki da kuma shimfida ko'ina cikin gefen gefen dama na fata. Launi mai rawaya ne, kusa da zinare. Tsawon maƙiyin teku shine kusan 50 cm, amma a lokaci guda, mai ban sha'awa, yana nauyin kilogram 1-1.3 kawai.
- Na kowa. Wakilin Kambalovs, wanda aka samu sosai a cikin tekuna, yana da launin toka-toka, wanda a ke tarwatsa launin da'irori. Wannan wakilin yana da ingantaccen ikon haɓakawa don rikita shi. Mutum a cikin girma ya girma zuwa mita 1 a cikin dyne, kuma yana ɗaukar nauyin kilo 6.7-7.
- Tekun Baƙi. Wani suna Kalkan. Wannan nau'in ana ɗaukarsa mai saurin kisa ne, saboda haka an jera shi cikin Red Book. Tekun Bahar Maliya tana da ƙarancin tsari na hagu. Jikin ya zagaye, yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu mai duhu da dige. Babban fasalin Kalkan shine ƙaya. Suna ko'ina cikin jiki, amma yawancinsu suna gefen dama (tabo makafi). Maƙaddara tana girma zuwa mita 1 a tsayi, tare da nauyin da ya wuce kilo 20.
- Sarauniya. Wannan sunan kifayen sun sami cancanta. Tana da kyawawan launuka baki da launuka masu haske a jiki. Wutsiya, kamar yadda yake a yawancin jinsunan, ba a lankwashe ba. Sikeli kuwa ƙanana da kyau. Kasusuwan ba shi da ƙananan kasusuwa. Namancinta yana da taushi, mai daɗi da ƙoshin lafiya, wanda ake jin daɗinsa da dafa abinci. Rarraba cikin ruwa daga Norway zuwa Siberiya. Tsawon 35 cm, nauyi game da 4 kg.
- Kamchatka. Ana kuma kiranta "sukari." Bawan da aka karɓi irin wannan suna na biyu don dandano na kaho. Tana zaune a bakin tekun Kamchatka Peninsula. Launi launin rawaya ne, har ma ya kusanto da ruwan lemun tsami. A "rabin makafi" fata yana launin toka. Tsawon kimanin 40-45 cm, nauyi zuwa 5 kg.
- Polar. Wannan wakilin ruwan teku yana jin daɗi a cikin yanayin sanyi. Idan zazzabi ta tashi sama da sifili, a gareshi waɗannan waɗansun sun riga sun zama yanayin da ba zai dace da su ba. Jikin yana da elongated, m. Launin fata ita ce zaitun, kusa da kore mara nauyi. Fins.
Yankin Gabas na Tsakiya hoto ne na gama kai, ba wai jinsi ɗaya ba. Ya haɗa da kifayen dozin da suke kama da juna. Sun haɗa da tauraruwar dutsen, launin ruwan hutu, fararen fata, halibut. Yankin rarrabawa - Yankin Gabas. Rage nauyi ya dogara da wakilin, wanda ya kama daga 250 g zuwa 4.5 kilogram.
Abinda aka haɗo cikin abincin
Abincin kowane ƙananan talla yana faruwa a lokuta daban-daban - wasu yayin rana, wasu a dare. Ainihin, kwarara ta fi son abincin dabba, amma idan ba zai yiwu a kama komai ba, yana iya samun cizo da ciyayi ko kuma wasu wakilan fauna. Zai iya zama kwari masu ruwa na ruwa, ƙananan arthropods, tsutsotsi, algae.
Abinda aka fi so don ƙwararru shine capelin da jatan lande. Godiya ga haƙoran haƙora da bakin murguda baki, kifayen za su iya ɗanɗana kifayen cikin iska da kuma cinye su.
Abokan gaba
Flounder yana da mahimmancin masana'antu, saboda haka, babban maƙiyinsa shine mutum. Kowace rana, ana kama babban kifin a duk faɗin duniya. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa mutum yana ɗaukar babban hatsari ga rayuwarta, mazaunan ruwa su ma ba sa iya yin liyafa a wurin ɗakin kekensa. Abokan gaba a cikin yanayin halitta shine iska da halayenmu.
Kuma idan komai ya bayyana sarai tare da eel, saboda shine maƙarƙashiya da ke cin nasara akan kifaye daban-daban, to halibut yayi kama da naƙasasshe, kuma wasu ma suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin mahalli na dangin Flounder. Amma a zahiri, halibut bashi da wata alaƙa da magudanar ruwa, don haka zasu iya gasa da juna.
Kifi na tashi daga jirgi
Don kamun kifi don kawo kama, masuniyar da ba ta da masaniya, tana buƙatar ɗaukar wata shawara.
Don haka abin da kuke buƙatar yi don kama ɓarna:
- Za'a iya amfani da tsintsiya ba tsayi, a wannan yanayin har ma hunturu ya dace.
- Ya kamata a zaɓi madaukin layin kamun kifin kifi don 0.6 mm, don leash 0.35 mm.
- A cikin nau'in koto, zaka iya amfani da ƙananan kifaye, kuma, gabaɗaya, kuma guda, tsutsotsi, ƙaramin kilms.
- Karancin kamun kifi ya ƙunshi jefa ƙungiyar a gefe. Yin gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare dole ne a yi a daya shugabanci. A cikin zurfin, ana ƙaddamar da koto cikin layin bututu.
- Bayan ciji, zaku iya tabbata cewa ƙwanƙwaran ya kasance akan ƙugiya, saboda bakinta ba mai ƙarfi kawai bane, har ma ya juya.
- Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ƙugiya tare da ku zuwa jirgin ruwan, saboda idan zaku iya kama dutsen a ƙugiya, zai fi wahalar cire shi.
Masunta da yawa suna mafarkin kama daskararre. Don kamun kifi don cin nasara, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin kamawa kuma ɗauka duk kayan aikin da ake buƙata.
Flounder kifi ne mai lafiya. Naman sa yana da dandano mai ban mamaki, kuma ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani ga jiki. A cikin 100 g, 90 kcal kawai. Baya ga kamawa akan sikelin masana'antu, yan koyo na yau da kullun suna farauta. Kuma wannan yana barazanar rage yawan jama'a.
Tun yaushe kuke da ainihin LARGE CATCH?
Yaushe ne lokacin da kuka taɓa samun mutane da yawa na KYAU pikes / carps / fata?
Koyaushe muna son samun sakamakon daga kamun kifi - don kamawa ba sau uku ba, amma dozin kilogram na kilo - wannan shine kama! Kowannenmu yayi mafarkin wannan, amma ba kowa bane yasan yadda.
Ana iya samun kyakkyawan kama (kuma mun san wannan) godiya ga ƙararrawa mai kyau.
Ana iya shirya shi a gida, zaka iya siyarwa a shagunan kamun kifi. Amma a cikin kantuna yana da tsada, kuma don dafa abinci a gida, kuna buƙatar ciyar da lokaci mai yawa, kuma, daidai yadda ya kamata, nesa da kullun gida yana aiki sosai.
Shin kun san rashin jin daɗin lokacin da kuka sayi koto ko dafa shi a gida kuma kun sami ɓarna uku ko huɗu?
Don haka watakila lokaci ya yi da za a yi amfani da samfurin aiki na gaske, wanda ya tabbatar da ingancin kimiyya da aikace-aikace akan koguna da tafkunan Rasha?
Tabbas, ya fi kyau a gwada sau ɗaya fiye da jin sau dubu. Musamman yanzu - kakar kanta! Rage 50% lokacin odar shine babban kyauta!
Abokan halitta
Abin mamaki, amma babban abokin gaba da tsawa shi ne mutum. A kowace rana a duniya, masunta suna kamawa da yawa na wannan kifin. Amma banda mutum, a kasan tekun, tsawa zata iya jin tsoron sauran wakilan fauna, musamman maikal da halibut.
Komai a bayyane yake da na farkon, amma na biyun yana ɓatarwa. Masana kimiyya sun kasu kashi biyu. Wasu mutane sunyi imani da cewa dabi'aut wani nau'in asalin ƙasa ne na ɓarna kuma ba zai iya zama maƙiyinta a kowace hanya ba. Wasu kuma suna la'akari da shi flounder kifi. A zahiri, ba asalinsa bane, saboda haka suna iya dacewa da juna sosai.
Kowace shekara, wakilan dangi masu rarrafe suna zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Duk da yawan haihuwar mace, sama da rabin qwai ba sa rayuwa. Ana kama wannan kifin a cikin adadin yau da kullun, ƙari ga duk waɗannan, wakilan duniyar dabbobi sun farauto shi.
Wannan matsalar har yanzu ta kasance ba tare da mafita ba. Haka kuma, saboda tasirin dan Adam akan yanayi, tekuna da koguna da yawa suna gurbata saboda ƙananan kifayen da ke mutuwa - abinci don yawo. Wannan yana rage tsawon lokacin haifuwarsa. Idan wannan ya ci gaba, da yawaitar kwararar mutane za su ragu sosai.
Bayyanar
Wakilan kifin lebur suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 25-30 kuma suna da matsanancin yanayi, marasa kan gado, wanda ke saukaka rarrabe su tsakanin sauran kifayen:
- A lebur mai farantin jiki-ya kewaye da wani elongated dorsal dorsal ƙashi da yawa haskoki (game da 55 guda),
- asymmetric kai ya juya zuwa dama (kasa sau da yawa zuwa hagu),
- idanu a bayyane (aiki daban-daban da juna), tsakanin abin da layi na layi ya wuce,
- bakin oblique tare da kaifi hakora,
- gefen gani mai duhu tare da ingantaccen murfin gill da ƙananan sikeli mai yawa,
- karamin gajeren wando mai kauri tare da karamin fin ba tare da daraja ba,
- haske makafi gefen da karfi m fata.
'Ya'yan ƙwanƙwasa daga waje ba ya bambanta da irin abincin kifayen. Amma kamar yadda suke girma, metamorphoses na kayan aikin kwanyar da ba za'a iya canzawa ba. Idon hagu da bakinsu a hankali suna matsa zuwa dama na kai.
Kifin ya gangaro zuwa gafin makafi, wanda atrophies, ke haskakawa kuma ya fara wasa da babban ɗakin kwana na kwance akan ƙasa, yayin da yake riƙe aikin na biyu na suttura da murfin giya. A cikin juyawa, marasa tsari da yawa (kogin kogi), aiwatar da canji yakan faru a ɗayan sabanin - daga dama zuwa hagu.
Don tsira, tsawa ta haɓaka ingantaccen tsari don kwaikwayon muhalli. Godiya ga kwaikwayo, ta kware wajan kawar da kanta kowane irin yanayi mai wahala, ba kaskantacce a wannan fasaha ga mai hawa-hawa.
A yayin daya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen, likitocin dabbobi sun sanya jaka a cikin keji da baki da fari a cikin akwatin kifaye. Sannu a hankali, tabo duhu da haske sun bayyana a jikin kifin.
Kogin kwari
Yawancin jama'a, amma matalauta ne da ke da alaƙa taxa, jinsin Platichthys flesus ya sami nasarar zama na dindindin a cikin sabo da ruwan gishiri. Ya bambanta a cikin zagaye jiki da kuma kashin baya akan layi na kan layi. Bangaren da aka gani yana da launin toka mai haske ko launin ruwan zaitun mai launin shuɗi da ɗigon duhu. Zai yi girma har zuwa 3 kg tare da tsawon jikin mutum 50 cm.
Don cikakken haɓakawa, masararry na kankara dole ne a sami sabon iskar oxygen sabili da faɗuwa a cikin ɓangaren ruwa (pelagic roe). Amma wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin ruwan gishiri mai yawa (daga 10 ppm). A cikin kogunan ruwa, larvae ba ya riƙe buoyancy, nutse a ƙasa har ya mutu, sabili da haka, kifin ya tafi teku don ƙwanƙwasa.
Baltic mai sanyi tare da shimfidawa mai yawa, ƙarancin ɗanɗano (11-12%), tsaunin teku mai zurfi, zurfin zurfin 30-50 m da tushe mai zurfi yana da kyau don waɗannan dalilai. Ana kiranta rafin kogi bisa hukuma bisa ƙa'idar Baltic saboda yaɗinta sosai a yankin gaɓar teku, koguna da ke gudana a teku.
Tauraron tauraro
Jinsunan Platichthys stellatus suna zaune a cikin arewacin ruwa na Tekun Pacific (Bering, Okhotsk, Chukchi, Tekun Japan). Tsarin ruwan tsarkakakken yana zaune a cikin lagos, ƙananan rago da ƙananan rafi na koguna (150-200 kilomita daga bakin). Tana da tsari na hagu-hagu na idanu, launi mai duhu (launin kore, launin ruwan kasa), rabe-raben baki mai yaduwa a kan ƙusoshin faranti da kuma shimfidar faranti a siffar taurari a gefen ido. Saboda kewayon sa, ana kiran harajin kuma ana kiransa da Kogin Kogin Pacific. Girman kifi na yau da kullun shine 50-60 cm kuma yana nauyin kilogram 3-4. Karatun na kama manyan mutane masu nauyin kilogram 7-9 (75-90 cm) ba abune da ba a sani ba.
Kalkan Bahar Maliya
Kifin ya yi kama da na daɗaɗɗun ruwa, amma yana cikin keɓaɓɓe na iyali na scophthalmos (Scophthalmidae). Tana zaune a arewacin tekun Atlantika da Baƙi, Baltic, da Tekun Bahar Rum. Yana girma sama da mita a tsawon kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 20. An rarrabe shi ta tsarin hagu na hagu, siffar zagaye da kuma adadi mai yawa da aka watsar a duk faɗin ɓangaren launin ruwan ƙashi-zaitun. Baya ga yanayin ruwan teku, yana jin kyakkyawan kyau a cikin ƙananan matakan Dnieper, Kudancin Bug, Dniester. Sakamakon karuwar salinity na Tekun Azov saboda taɓarɓarewar kogunan da ke kwarara, Tekun Bahar Mallama-kalkan ya bazu a bakin Don. Hakanan akwai ƙananan rarar kuɗi - Azov rhombus, wanda zai yi girma zuwa tsawon 40-45 cm.
Tsarin rayuwa
- Balagagge: daga shekaru 3-4.
- Spawning: daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu (ya dogara da ruwan zafin jiki).
- Caviar: har zuwa miliyan biyu qwai.
- Lokacin shiryawa: kwana 11.
Kogin Nilu ya yi ta rayuwa yana rayuwa a ruwa, amma yana kiwon garkensa. Ciyarwa tana faruwa a zurfin 25-40 m, kuma ƙwai da aka saki a cikin ruwa farko yin iyo a cikin ruwa shafi, kuma kafin metamorphosis nutse zuwa gindin, soya ƙyanƙyashe daga qwai zauna a farfajiya inda suke ciyar da kan ƙananan kwayoyin planktonic. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, har yanzu idanun idanun dutsen suna kasancewa a garesu biyu na kai. Underwararrun tsirrai guda ɗaya suna da tsarin sikari iri ɗaya kamar na sauran kifayen. Kifin da ya girma ya shimfiɗa shi a bakin teku. A kusa da wannan lokacin, idanun hagu na motsawa suna motsawa zuwa saman kai na kai. Yankin da yake a saman jikin kifin ya yi duhu, sai ƙarami ya saki iska daga mafitsin iyo ya nitse ƙasa. A ƙarshen bazara, sun sami mafaka a cikin ruwan kogi.
Yankakken furanni
Tsarin rigakafi na Arctic (Liopsetta glacialis) tare da tsohuwar jikin m mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da launin tubali na ƙonewa. Ya fi son laushi siliki ƙasa. Mazauna Kara, Barents, Farar fata, Bering da Okhotsk tekuna. Yaduwa a cikin hunturu a karkashin kankara, a zazzabi ruwa mara kyau (har zuwa - 1.5 ° C). Yawancin lokaci, lokacin zafi yana ciyarwa a cikin ɗan guntun ruwan gishiri mai sauƙi na kogunan Siberiya. Ana samunsa ko'ina a cikin Kara, Yenisei, Ob, Tugur.
Fama
Yawancin nau'ikan kifin mai laushi suna zaune koyaushe a cikin yankin m, wanda ke jin babban duka a kan iyakar tsibirin da zurfin kilomita da dama. Ana nuna su da babban bambanci a cikin girman, siffar jiki, launi na ƙashin ƙyallen, gefen gani da makafi.
Underudun gama gari
Haraji mai tushe (Pleuronectes platessa), yana zaune a cikin rauni mai ƙarfi da ruwa mai ƙarfi (10-40%) a zurfin 30-200 m, manufa ce ta kamun kifi. Tana zaune a Gabashin Atlantika, Bahar Rum, Fari, Barents, Baltic da sauran tekuna. Babban launi shine launin ruwan kasa-mai launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi ko lemun tsami. Ya girma zuwa 6-7 kilogiram, matsakaicin girman ya kai 1 m. Yana da kwalliya mai inganci.
Underwararren ƙwalƙwalwar ƙwalla
Kifi na ƙasan teku, girma zuwa rabin mita. Mafi ƙarancin kamun kifi shine cm 21. Siffofin fasali - layin dogo, layin geza, launi madara na gefen makafi, launin ruwan kasa ko launin alkama mai launin ruwan ido. Akwai biyan kuɗi guda biyu:
- Kudancin fararen fata-fari mai amo (Lepidopsetta bilineata mochigarei) - suna zaune a yankin gabar teku na Primorye da Tekun Japan.
- Arewacin (Lepidopsetta bilineata bilineata) - a cikin ruwa na Kamchatka, Okhotsk da Bering Seas. Dukansu suna da ɗumbin jama'a a cikin Gabar Peter Mai Girma (kudu da Primorsky Krai) da Tatar Strait, waɗanda ke raba Sakhalin da sauran ƙasa.
Yellowfin yawo
Tsarin nau'in ƙauna mai sanyi (Limanda aspera) ya fito ne daga asalin halittar limanda, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a Tekun Okhotsk, Japan da Tekun Bering. Yawancin kifayen a bakin gabar yamma da Kamchatka da Sakhalin. Yana son zurfin zurfin mita 15-80, inda ya dace da ƙasa mai yashi. Wasu sunaye gama gari don taksi - an sanya su cikin katako da chervonets mai walƙiya - ana bayar da su ne saboda sikeli da ƙayayuwa da jikin launin ruwan gwal wanda aka zana ta ta launin shuɗi. Matsakaicin girman shine 45-50 cm tare da nauyin 0.9-1.0 kg.
Halibut
A cikin janareto uku, ana samun nau'ikan 5 waɗanda ke zaune a tekun Atlantika da matsanancin ruwan tekun Pacific da Arctic Ocean (Barents, Okhotsk, Bering, Tekun Japan). Girman mafi girma shine na farin halibut (Pacific - Hippoglossus stenolepis, Atlantika - Hippoglossus stenolepis), wanda ya girma zuwa 450 cm tsayi kuma yana nauyin kilogram 350.
Representativearamin wakilin halittar ɗan adam shine kibiya-toothed halibut (Ba'amurke - Atheresthes stomias, Asiya - Atheresthes evermanni), da wuya a sami nauyi sama da 7-8 kg tare da tsawon 70-80 cm. Babban fasalin ilimin halittar ɗan takarda shine sikeli, kamar yadda ake gani (ctenoid tare da haƙoran gefen gefen ) da kuma a kan makafi (cycloid tare da santsi mai kyau) tarnaƙi. Matsakaicin halibut shine baki halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), wanda 35-40 shine rakodi tare da karuwa na 125-130 cm.
Babban rhombus
Wani kifin, mai kama da wanda ke jujjuyawa, wakilin dangin Kalkan ne - mai daɗin teku, ko turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), tare da babban jiki ba tare da rufin sikeli ba. Madadin haka, yanayi ya samar da wani tsarin kariya a kamannin yawan sassanyar kasusuwa. Sakamakon kusurwar ƙashin ƙyallen da girman girmansu (tsayinsa ya kai mita 1), kifin kuma an san shi da babban rhombus. Yankin tekun ƙasa nau'in kasuwanci ne mai mahimmanci kuma an haɓaka shi sosai a kan gonaki a Spain, Portugal, Faransa, Iceland da China. Yankin yanayi na flounder-turbot ya hada da Baltic, Arewa, Tekun Bahar Rum.
Tafin kafa
Sunan kimiyya na jinsin shine gishiri na Turai (Solea solea). Kifin thermophilic mallakar nasa ne na Soleidae kuma yana zaune a gabashin tekun Atlantika, Red, Rum, Kudancin China, Baltic da Black Teas. Ya girma zuwa 65-70 cm tare da nauyin kilogiram 2.5-3.0. Yana da matsayin ƙoshin abinci a duk duniya godiya ga mai laushi, mai daɗin ci da mai daushin ƙasusuwa. Gwargwadon gishirin Turai ana saninsa da gawar mai launin ganye mai kama da fata, wanda ke cike da gashin kansa mai ma'ana tare da murɗa bakin da ido na dama. Gefen da ake gani ana zana launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗigon duhu masu yawa kuma an rufe shi da ƙananan sikeli.
A karkashin sunan kasuwanci "harshen teku" masu siyarwa marasa gaskiya galibi suna sayarwa ba wai kawai fillet na ƙarancin kifin ƙwari ba, har ma da kifin pangasium, waɗanda galibi wakilan ruwa ne na ichthyofauna.
Habitat da salon tafiyar hawainiya
Sakamakon bambancin jinsuna da sassauyar halitta, kifin mai nasara ya sami cikakkiyar nasara a duk gabar tekun Eurasia da tekun da ke cikin teku. Flounder yana da girma a cikin yanayin Black, Azov, Caspian da Rum tekun, a cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau na tekun Baltic, Arewa da Yaren mutanen Norway. Yawancin jinsuna sun saba da ruwan gishiri na dan kadan har ma da sabbin kogunan ruwa tare da damar zuwa bakin tekun. Amma sassan ruwan sanyi na Tekun Pacific da Arctic Ocean - Kara, Chukchi, Japan, Bering, Okhotsk, da kuma Barents Teas - suna da wadataccen abinci a cikin kifayen da ke yawo.
Flounders suna jagorantar yanayin rayuwar ƙasa, suna wucin gadi kamar kansu a matsayin launi na keɓaɓɓen wuri mai faɗi (mimicry). Mafi yawan lokaci kifin yana kwance a saman kasa ko idanunsa a cikin kasa. Irin wannan kame-kame na dabi'un dabi'a ne kwarai da gaske kuma a lokaci guda yana magance ayyuka biyu na rayuwa - don kama ganima daga wani bazara da kuma masu fada a ji su cinye shi.
Duk da jinkirin da ake nunawa da kuma dabi'ar yin motsi a hankali a ƙasa saboda motsi-kamar motsi, ƙwanƙwasa itace kyakkyawar iyo. Yana farawa nan take kuma yana da ikon haɓaka babban sauri a cikin ɗan gajeren nesa. Idan ya cancanta, zahiri "harbe" jikin don mita da yawa a kan madaidaiciyar hanya, sakin wata babbar rafi na ruwa zuwa cikin ƙasa ta murfin gill a gefen makanta. Yayinda katsewar yashi da yashi ake zaune, kifin din ya sami damar kama abincin ko kuma ya ɓoye daga mawuyacin halin da ya kama.
Me ake ci?
Ya danganta da nau'in harajin, ayyukan ciyarwa na iya faruwa a faɗuwa, da daddare ko cikin hasken rana. Abincin ya ƙunshi abincin asalin dabba. Matasa masu fashin ruwa suna ciyar da benthos, tsutsotsi, amphipods, larvae, crustaceans, da caviar. Manya suna ciyar da ophiuras da sauran echinoderms, ƙananan kifi, dabbobi masu sihiri, tsintsaye, da tsutsotsi. Flounder zuwa jatan lande da capelin suna musamman rashin kulawa.
Matsayi na gefen kai yana da kyau sosai don matsewar daga cikin mollusks na ƙasa wanda ke rayuwa cikin kauri daga ƙasa, yana barin siphons na numfashi a farfajiya. Ofarfin jaws yana da girma sosai har kifayen za su iya jure ƙyallen harsashi na katako mai kauri. A cikin hanyoyi da yawa, daidaitaccen abinci na abinci mai gina jiki yana ƙayyade babban darajar dukkanin wakilan Pleuronectidae.
Yawon shakatawa
Kowane taxon yana da nasa lokacin narkarda kuma ya dogara da yankin, lokacin fara bazara, da kuma yawan dumama ruwa (+ zuwa + 2-5 ° C). Yawancin kiwo na yawancin nau'ikan ya dace da lokacin daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Amma akwai wasu abubuwan da ake keɓancewa - turbo (babban rhombus) yana zuwa yawo a tekun Baltic da Arewacin Tekun a watan Afrilu-Agusta, sannan kuma masu huro da kankara a cikin kankara da Barents Teas a watan Disamba-Janairu.
Balagagge yakan faru ne a shekara ta 3-7th na rayuwa. Mace tana nuna halin ɗimbin girman mace; caya daga cikin ɗayan itace na iya ƙunsar kwalayen pelagic miliyan 0.5-2 tare da lokacin shiryawa cikin kwanaki 11-14. Kamar yadda filayen filayen rami, aka zaɓi yanki mai zurfi (7-15 m) gaɓar tekun tare da yashi mai ƙasa, kodayake an sami nasarar yaduwa cikin zurfin 50 m saboda yawan ɗumbin masarar da rashin buƙata don haɗa shi a cikin ƙaramin daskararru. A soyayyen fure yana da nau'i na tsaye a tsaye tare da bangarorin da aka ci gaba da hoto. Zooplankton da ƙananan benthos suna aiki azaman tushen abinci mai gina jiki.
Ganyen Flounder da caviar - fa'ida da cutarwa
Kifin yana da matattakala, mai laushi da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Sakamakon peculiarities na tsari, lokacin yankan, ba a samo nau'i biyu ba, amma sassan loin 4. Darajar abinci mai gina jiki ta ruwa kamar 90 kcal a cikin 100 na g 5. Saboda ƙarancin kalori da keɓaɓɓen acid da glutamic acid, ƙifin kifi mai laushi shine kayan kiwon lafiya da kuma abubuwan rage ci abinci. Wata fa'ida daga cikin ruwa shine amfani mai amfani da jiki yake bukata:
- sauƙin narkewa mai narkewa (15 g),
- liamine (0.14 mg), riboflavin (0.15 mg), pyridoxine (0.12 mg),
- bitamin B12 (1.2 μg), B9 (6 μg), D (2.8 μg), C (1 μg),
- potassium (320 mg), alli (45 mg), phosphorus (180 mg), aidin (50 mcg),
- jan ƙarfe (110 μg), fluorine (430 μg), sulfur (190 mg).
Saboda halayensa da kayansa, ana ɗaukar naman ƙazamai a matsayin mai ɗanɗano da hanya don daidaita metabolism da nauyi, rage matakin "mummunan" cholesterol a cikin jini, haɓaka ƙarfin aiki da rigakafi, haɓaka hanyoyin farfadowa a cikin tsokoki, fata, da gashi.
Kifin yana ba da kansa cikakke don maganin tururi, tafasa, bushewa, soya, shan taba, yin burodi, yin burodi a cikin tanda da kan gasa. Amma yana da kyau a yi amfani da hanyoyi masu ladabi don ɗaukar hotuna na tsawon lokaci ba ya lalata bitamin da wadatar dandano. Miyar abinci mai narkewa suna da amfani ga yara, mata masu juna biyu, mutanen da suke da matsalolin jijiyoyin ciki da na rayuwa. Kyakkyawan halayen gastronomic suna da ƙwanƙwasa caviar. Ya ƙunshi babban adadin furotin (> 20%) kuma ingantaccen tushen furotin ne, yayin riƙe da ƙarancin adadin kuzari na samfurin (80 kcal a kowace 100 g). Hanyoyin sanannun don yin caviar sune salting da soya.
Contraindications
Amma kar a ɗauki fa'idar duniya na kifayen kifi don jiki a zahiri. Akwai contraindications da suke buƙatar la'akari kafin cin abincin teku:
- mutum rashin haƙuri,
- shekarun yaro har zuwa shekara 1,
- cututtukan hanta da ƙwayar cuta saboda karuwar kaya akan ƙodan da hujin ciki.
Musamman waɗannan buƙatun sun shafi kifi mai gishiri, wanda ke riƙe da ruwa a cikin jiki kuma yana tsokani kumburi. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da jita-jita a hankali wanda zai iya musanya tsarin madarar uwa kuma ya ba da rikice-rikice ga tsarin zuciya.