Jumhuriyar Tatarstan karami ce: yankinsa mai murabba'in kilomita 68,000 ne. km Duk da ƙaramin yanki, ana bambanta jumhuriya ta dandano na musamman da kuma bambance-bambancen al'adu da al'adu. Amma a yau ba batun hakan bane. Dole ne a kula da musamman akan yanayin Tatarstan. Akwai abubuwan tarihi na 138 a cikin jumhuriyar.
Mene ne abin tunawa na halitta
Dama abin tunawa na asali wani abu ne na musamman na rayayyiya ko yanayi mara kyau, wanda jihar ke bashi kariya da kuma sha'awar kimiyya.
Babban dalilin kare asusu na rayuwa shine kiyaye matsayinsu. Don kariya ga abubuwan tunawa na halitta sune ƙungiyoyi masu alhakin a cikin yankin da suke.
Halin Tatarstan da tarihin ci gaban jamhuriya an hade su ta hanyar abubuwan tunawa na halitta. Hukumomi da yawan jama'a sun fahimci cewa rayuwa a waje da dabi'ar ba za ta yiwu ba, kuma suna ƙoƙarin yin komai don adana shi.
Fasali na yanayin Tatarstan
Jamhuriyar tana kan iyakar gandun daji da yankuna na gaba, don haka yanayin Tatarstan ya haɗu da daidaito da fara'a a lokaci guda. Manyan hanyoyin ruwa na Turai - Kama da Volga - suna haduwa da juna daidai kan yankin jamhuriya. Kuma a gabashinsa, Yankin Rasha yana kwance a gaban “ƙafafu” na Dutsen Ural.
Yaya yawancin kyawawan abubuwan halitta suke da hankali a cikin yankin Tatarstan yana da wuya a bayyana a cikin littafin gabaɗaya. Zamuyi kokarin kawai dan zamu dan dunkuleku cikin wannan duniyar mai sihiri.
Biranen daji
Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, yankuna da ke arewacin arewacin Volga da Kama wani yanki ne mai dazuka mai tarin yawa. A wajen kudu, suka wuce cikin dazuzzukan kwalliyar kwalliya, kuma a gefen kudu babban kogin akwai wani daji mai faffadar.
A cikin ƙarni na 13-14, manyan masu siyar da kayan sun fara ragargajewa, an farfaɗa wuraren yankuna, suna haifar da lalacewar gandun daji.
Kuma kwanan nan, fiye da kadada 100 na guguwar ta ambaliyar ruwan Kogin Nizhnekamsk da Kuibyshev.
Smallananan ƙananan yankuna na gandun daji na asali kawai, waɗanda yau sune abubuwan tarihi na Tatarstan.
Ana kare gandun daji na duhu masu duhu, ƙonewa da fir, kuma a cikin "Tushen Kazanka", "Meshbash Forest" da "Bersutsky Fir".
Za a iya ganin Pine, shimfidar bishiyun 'Pine' a cikin "Babban Dajin", "Kzyltau", "Peter's Pines", da sauransu.
An kare dazuzzukan daji a cikin wasu kabutu biyu na halitta na yankin Pre-Volga - a cikin gandunan Kaybitskaya da Tarkhanovskaya. Daga cikin ire-iren waɗannan bishiyoyin ne Bitrus 1 ya gina sanannen jirgin ruwa.
Matakan gumaka
A cikin rabin Kudancin Tatarstan - a cikin Zakamye da kuma Kudancin Pre-Volga - akwai yankin dajin. An shirya shinge da yawa na gonar chernozem, saboda haka ƙananan dabarun na halitta kawai ake kiyaye su. Yawan tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki da ke girma a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe, waɗanda yawancinsu suna kan gab da ƙarewa kuma an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- mottled browner,
- babban dinari-dinari,
- keleria mai wuya-leaved.
Daga cikin tsire-tsire na waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon akwai kuma waɗanda ba a samo su a wani wuri ba.
The steppe naturalum of the Republic of Tatarstan sun hada da:
- rafin kogin a cikin gundumar Novosheshminsky, mai suna bayan S.I.Korzhinsky, masanin ilimin kimiyyar lissafin kasa na Jami’ar Kazan.
- Dutsen Salikhovskaya.
- Dutsen Karabash.
- Yanga-Salinsky gangara.
- Katin Klikovsky.
Tarihin Zoological
Masarautar dabbobi ta jamhuriya ma sun bambanta sosai. Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan 420 na vertebrates suna rayuwa a cikin Tatarstan, kuma daga cikinsu akwai nau'in taiga (chipmunk, hazel grouse, capercaillie) da kuma nau'in jinsin (jerboa, jerboa, steppe viper, da marmot-baibak).
A cikin ƙasa na jamhuriyar akwai abokan ciniki masu farauta 20 da ke tsaron wasu nau'ikan dabbobi.
Akwai kawai abubuwan tarihi na zoological 8 a cikin Tatarstan:
- Sarakunan launin toka.
- Ciwancin baƙin gemu.
- Abubuwan mulkin mallaka na marmot, mafi girma daga cikinsu sune Chershilinskaya da Chetyr-Tau.
Girma masana'antu da bautar da ba da doka ba suna barazana ga kasancewar dabbobi da yawa. Koyaya, hukumomin Tatarstan suna yin duk mai yiwuwa don kiyayewa da haɓaka adadin mutanen da ba kasafai ba.
Abubuwan jan hankali na dabi'a na Tatarstan
Tatarstan yana kan tudu na Gabas ta Tsakanin Yankin Volga da Kama. Jamhuriyyar suna cikin gandun daji da yankuna-steppe. Speciesa'idodin jinsunan bishiyoyi, waɗanda ana samun su da yawa, ana wakilta ta itacen oak, linden, Birch. Na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu coniferous, Pine da spruce sun mamaye wannan wuri. A fili na Tatarstan wani lokacin yana canza wasu tsaunuka.
A cikin jamhuriyar akwai adadin abubuwan jan hankali na asalin halitta. A nan, an kirkiro yanayi masu kyau ga mazaunin dabbobi da tsuntsaye iri iri. Wasu ma har an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi. Kasancewa anan, ana bada shawara don ziyartar wuraren da suka shahara tare da masu yawon bude ido.
Masana ilmin kimiyya
Abubuwan tarihi na kayan tarihi sune abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da matakai a cikin ɓoyayyen ƙasa: fashewar dutse, hanyoyin nada sabon abu, duwatsun, kogo, da sauransu.
Kuma kodayake yawancin Tatarstan shine Itace ta Gabashin Turai, akwai lambobin tarihi da yawa a nan. Ta hanyoyi da yawa, manyan kogunan karkashin kasa da karkashin ruwa suna ba da gudummawa ga samuwar su. A wasu al'amuran, lokaci ya yi da za ku yi magana game da wannan dalla-dalla sosai.
Rashin ruwa
Rashin tabkin Lake yana da asali. Tana cikin gundumar Alekseevsky kusa da ƙauyen Zoteevka. Tun daga 1978, an ba da izinin tafki a matsayin babban abin tunawa da yanayin yanki. Kogin yana da siffar m. Girman tafki shine 75 m tare da tsawon 60 m .. zurfin a nan bai wuce mita uku ba. A baya can, gaɓar da tabkin ya yi zurfi sau da yawa.
National Park "Lower Kama"
An kirkiro dajin "Kasa Kama" a 1991 don adana da kuma ci gaba da nazarin gandun daji da makiyaya. Tana cikin yankin arewa maso gabas na Tatarstan a cikin kwarin Kogin Kama da kayan aikinta. Rashin daidaiton wurin shakatawa shine cewa akwai wata hanyar yanki mai hawa uku na hawa. Saboda wannan, "Kama Kama" ya bambanta ta wurare daban-daban wurare masu faɗi da kuma arzikin duniyar dabbobi.
Yawancin tsire-tsire da dabbobi da aka wakilta anan an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi. Wannan filin shakatawa na mahimmancin ƙasa shine gidan kayan gargajiya na musamman. Kyakkyawan shimfidar wuri da abubuwan asali na asali waɗanda za a iya gani a wannan wuri ba za su bar kowa ba.
Pechishchinsky mai fashewa
An bayyana sashen ilimin halittar Pechishchinsky daya daga cikin na farko a dabi'a a cikin Tatarstan. Musamman da darajar sa ya ta'allaka ne akan cewa kowannensu yana wakiltar adana wani zamanin. Dolmites na fari, launin toka, launuka masu duhu ana maye gurbinsu da yumbu mai launin ruwan kasa kuma an lulluɓe su da farin gypsum. Adibas na shekaru miliyan da yawa ya zama sananne ga "ƙoƙarin" Volga, tare da ƙarfin mutumtaka na ƙaƙƙarfan dutsen.
Kogin Sheshma
Sunan kogin yana nufin "bazara." Sheshma yana ratsa yankin Tatarstan kuma yana shafar wani ɓangare na yankin Samara. Wannan kogin shine hagu na harafin Kama. Tushen Sheshma yana kan Bugulma-Belebey Upland. Kogin yana gudu zuwa tafkin Kuibyshev. Kuma mafi daidaito - a cikin Kama Bay. Tsawon tafki shine kilomita 259.
Kogin yana da dusar ƙanƙara da abinci mai ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Sheshma yana aiki a matsayin babbar hanyar gari. Bugu da kari, tafki tana taka babbar rawa ga manoma dake wurin. Kogin babban tushe ne na samar da ruwa, ba tare da hakan noma ba zai zama da matsala.
Kama estuary
Wannan wani yanki ne na Tatarstan, mai ban al'ajabi ga kyawun sa da yanayin ƙasa mai ban sha'awa, yanki mai tsabta na lafiyayyen yanki. Akwai ban sha'awa na musamman da ke tsakanin mashigar kogunan Tatarstan guda biyu cike da-ruwa - Volga da Kama. Hada hadar kogunan a nan shine mafi girma na uku a duniya kuma babbar rijiyar Kuibyshev akan Volga. Ziyarar da aka yi wa gidan kamfani na Kama Estuary ta kasance ne a fannin yawon shakatawa na "daji". Kuna iya zuwa kan tudu da ƙafa, kuna tafiya 'yan kilomita kaɗan daga ƙauyen suna iri ɗaya, ko kuma ta mota a kan hanyar ƙasa.
Sources: Nail fotokto.ru, Elena Gordeeva photocentra.ru
Tabkuna masu launin shuɗi
Ana kiran ruwan tabkuna masu launin shuɗi na ainihin lu'u-lu'u, wanda ya haɓaka yanayin Tatarstan. A tsakiyar kurmi mai yawa akwai jerin layuka. Ruwan da ke cikinsu a bayyane yake, a wurare da yawa ana iya ganin ƙasa. Tabkuna masu launin shuɗi sun sami sunan saboda yumbu mai launin shuɗi waɗanda ke rufe ƙasa. Ana ciyar da tafkuna daga maɓuɓɓugar ƙasa. Wurin ya shahara a duk shekara. Akwai filin ajiye motoci, tebur, gadoji, ɗakunan kabad da sauran ƙananan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa don nishaɗin waje. Babban tafkin shuɗi shine wurin da aka fi so don iri-iri da kuma masu sha'awar iyo lokacin hunturu.
Flora na Tatarstan
Arewa Cis - taiga. Sauran yankin Pre-Kama, yankin Pre-Volga, da arewacin Zakamye larch ne. Kudancin Pre-Volga yankin da kusan dukkanin yankin Trans-Kama yanki-daji ne.
Babu gandun daji da yawa a Tatarstan - kawai 18% na yanki ke rufe da gandun daji. Oaks, Linden, Birch, Aspen, Pine, Spruce - wakiltar wakilan gandun daji.
Taiga shine taiga ta kudu, subtaiga. Nau'in na farko ana wakilta galibi ta allura, na biyu cakuda larch da allura ne. Spruce da fir a arewacin yankin Volga an maye gurbinsu da itacen oak da linden, acutifolia da elm. Tiasan ƙananan shine bera, itace, .waya. Wani lokaci ana samun ciyayi na ciyawar itacen oak, mosses tare da ferns.
A gaba kudu, yawan fadada tsiro na fadada kuma adadin gandun daji na halitta yana raguwa. Kudancin suna maraba da baƙi tare da gandun daji-steppe, dumi, ciyawar fuka-fukin, ciyawar-bakin ciki, fesche.
Duniyar dabbobi ta Tatarstan
A tushen duk lamura da fasali akwai tabbacin cewa akan yankin Tatarstan akwai canjin ta hanyar layin zoogeographic wanda zai raba gandun dajin. Saboda haka, da yawa daga wakilan fauna waɗanda ke halayyar bangarorin yankin biyu suna jin daɗi a cikin jamhuriya. Fiye da nau'ikan dabbobi kusan ɗari huɗu da kusan nau'in tsuntsaye 27 na wakiltar duniyar dabbobi na Tatarstan.
Wolves, foxes, hedgehogs, moose, bears, lynxes, martens, ermines, col column, chipmunks, white hares, squirrels, sleepyheads, otters, minks, muskrats, jerboas, barbashi, tawadar Allah bera, tawadar Allah bera, launin ruwan kasa, matsakaicin matakan - mazauna talakawa Tatarstan
Tsuntsaye masu hijirar, baƙi na ɗan adam na ɗan adam, suna zaune a cikin jin dadi a gare su wanda ke cikin ƙasar. Kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayi tare da dabbobi - kuma, wakilan duka gandun daji da steppes tare suna wakiltar tsuntsaye na Tatarstan. Peafa uku na itace, baƙar fata, baƙi, capercaillie, mikiya, mujiyoyi, mujiyoyi, ƙyalli, baƙi, baƙi, launin toka, fari (gandun daji da filaye), gulls, "Volga", tabarman kogi, aladu, geese, ducks , peregrine falcons, hawks, buzzard buzzards, tuviks, vultures black, gaggafa, gaggafa, gullu, gandun daji - waɗannan wakilai ne masu haske na ƙungiyar tsuntsayen Tatarstan.
Unguwar Daji
Kogin daji yana kusa da ƙauyen Bolshoye Kabany, wanda ke gundumar Laishevsky. An cire tafki daga wannan mazaunin a nisan kilomita 6. Wannan hanya ana iya isa da kafa ko ta mota.
Gandun daji suna da nau'i mai zagaye. Tsawon tafki shine mitar 470. Faɗin zai zama daidai da mita 100. Ana kiyaye matsakaicin zurfin tafkin a mita biyar. Matsakaicin adadi shine mita 12. Yawancin kifaye iri daban-daban na rayuwa a ciki.
Wurin tafki yana da asali mai isasshen abinci. Yana ciyarwa galibi akan hanyoyin karkashin kasa kuma baya da magudanar ruwa. Ruwa a cikin tafkin bashi da launi na launi da kamshi. Haka kuma, matakin bayyananne yana da matukar girma. Ana iya ganinta ƙasa da zurfin mita ɗaya da rabi.
Gandun daji shine babban tushen ruwa ga dabbobin da ke zama kusa. Tun daga 1978, tafkin ya kasance abin tunawa na yanki don haka doka ta kiyaye shi.
Sauyin yanayi a cikin Tatarstan
Yanayin Tatarstan mai tsaurin kai, wanda ke nesa da teku / teku a kan lafiram, ya dace da gudanarwa, ga rayuwar ɗan adam, flora / fauna. Hunturu mai sanyi isa, amma ba mai mahimmanci ba. Ya zo a ƙarshen Nuwamba. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine -16 digiri a cikin hunturu. Spring ne farkon da dumi. Rana na da zafi sosai (ko da bazara). Matsakaicin lokacin zafi shine +20 digiri Celsius. Autar ma da wuri.
Yanayin abu ne mai faɗi yadda ake tsammani kuma kusan ba ya kawo babban zato. Kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana da kyakkyawan tasiri ga aikin gona.
Dutsen Elm
Ba da nisa daga Zelenodolsk a gefen dama na Volga akwai tsaunukan Vyazovskie. Sun shahara ba wai don girman tsayin su ba, amma saboda tsintsinan flora da fauna na musamman. Bugu da kari, wannan wurin asalin ne domin a iyakokin iyakokin jamhuriyun nan suna haɗuwa anan. Baya ga Tatarstan, muna magana ne game da Chuvashia da Mari-El.
Kasancewa cikin tsaunuka, zaku iya ziyartar wani abin tunawa na halitta. Su ne abin da ake kira Ramin Sobakinsky, waɗanda ƙananan ƙananan tafkuna ne na asalin karst. Yankunan bakin teku na waɗannan tabkuna suna jan hankalin su tare da kyawun su. Plantswararrun tsire-tsire da ƙananan garuruwan Birch ana iya ɗaukarsu har abada cikin ƙwaƙwalwa. Bugu da kari, kyakkyawan panorama na gabar tekun Volga yana buɗewa daga tsaunuka.
Kuibyshev tafki
A Tatarstan is is amincin manyan koguna biyu - Volga da Kama. Bayan gina madatsar ruwa ta Zhigulevskaya tashar samar da ruwa ta ruwa, ruwayoyin Kuibyshev sun ɓoye shi.
Tsawonsa ya fi nisan mil 500, yankin arewa yana kan iyakar Tatarstan. Sakamakon cike tafki, an kirkiro teku ta gaske da mutum ya yi - girman ruwa a bakin Kama ya kai kilomita 44.
Dutsen Chatyr-Tau
Wannan shine mafi girman ma'anar Jamhuriyar Tatarstan tana da alamar 321.7 mita sama da matakin teku. A kan taswira da yawa, ana yi masa alama kamar tarko, amma a zahiri dutsen shine ragowar da ya ɗauki sifar a sakamakon lalacewar yankin da ke kewaye, kuma ba saboda motsi na tectonic ba.
An fassara sunan Chatyr-Tau a matsayin “mazaunin tsauni”, kuma wannan ma'ana - mai kaya yana kama da katon alfarwar tantin. Daga saman dutsen za ka iya ganin rigarrama da ke kewayenta, da kuma ƙauyukan maƙwabtaka da Bashkortostan. A shekarar 1972, yankin tsaunin da makwabtan kasashe suka zama abin tunawa na halitta, kuma a cikin 1999 - wurin ajiyar yanayi.
A gindin Chatyr-Tau, wani yanki na mazaunin baffaaks yana zaune kuma ya zama fure na littafin Red Tatarstan. Dutsen ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu rataye guliders da paragliders.
Hanyar Volga-Kama
Tarin ajiyar ya ƙunshi ɗayan tsoffin gandun daji a duk gabashin Turai (shekarun kowane bishiya na mutum ya kai shekaru 300), nau'in tsirrai 2038, 12 daga cikinsu an jera su a cikin Littafin Red of Russia, nau'in nau'in 260 na fauna.
Arboretum da gidan kayan gargajiya suna samuwa don ziyartar. A cikin arboretum, wanda ya koma 1921, zaku iya ganin tarin nau'ikan flora 500 (an shirya su ne a fallasa a sassan duniya).
Gidan kayan gargajiya na gayyatar baƙi don koyo game da flora da fauna na yankin, an tattara sama da dabbobi dabbobi 50 a nan a wurare da yawa tare da al'amuran halayen dabbobi.
Wurin ajiyar yana kuma da gidan sufi na Raif da cibiyar ziyarar musamman inda masu yawon bude ido zasu iya kallon fim game da ajiyar ko ɗaukar yawon shakatawa na yankin.
Dolgaya Polyana
Dandalin Yanayin Dolgaya Polyana ya hada da ƙauyen suna iri ɗaya a kan bankunan Volga a cikin tsaunukan Tetyushsky.
Hakanan akwai iyalai na dangin Molostov na gida. A farkon karni na XX, Kidaya Molostov ya kawo wa Dolgaya Polyana bishiyoyi da tsirrai na musamman ga waɗannan sassawadanda ke girma a cikin County yanzu. Misalan irin waɗannan nau'in sune furen masara na Phrygian, plum plum, Andrzheevsky clove.
Yawancin nau'ikan wuraren shakatawa na fure an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi.Hadaddiyar kanta ta tanada a 2000.
Bugu da kari, ana daukar "Long Glade" daya daga cikin karfin karfi yankuna a cikin jumhuriyar. Masana ilimin ilimin mahaifa da masu tabin hankali sau da yawa suna zuwa nan.
M maki a cikin shakatawa ne biyu farin ciki a kan hanyar zuwa Volga. Akwai tsangwama a cikin kayan injin da na dijital. A lokaci guda, mutanen da ke cikin bayanan suna jin kwantar da hankula na yau da kullun, an sami lokuta na warkarwa mai rauni da kwantar da hankula.
Karaf na Kara-Kul
Za a iya kiran tafkin Kara-Kul a cikin yankin Baltasinsky Tatar Loch Ness. Almara tana da alaƙa da tafki, gwargwadon wanda babban maciji ya zauna anan. Yan gari suna kiran wannan wurin "sugeze", wanda ke nufin "saƙar ruwa". Abubuwan tatsuniyoyi sun kuma adana bayanai game da bacewar mafarautan saboda rashi mutane na yin hadayu ga ma'abuciyar tafkin - maciji.
Gabaɗaya, ana iya fassara sunan tafkin "Black Lake". Lallai, ruwan tafkin yana da duhu cikin launi (cikin yanayi mai gajimare daga wasu wurare a karkashin gandun daji mai yawa, tafkin yana da shuɗi-baki). Wataƙila wannan yanayin ya sa mazaunan karkara yin tunani game da dabbar a cikin tafkin. A zahiri, launin toka na ruwa ana bayar da shi ne daga manyan duwatsun da ke narkar da shi, wanda daga ciki aka hada bankunan.
Yanzu Kara-Kul yana da haske. An gina sansanin yawon shakatawa da wurin saukar jirgin ruwa a nan, gadoji suna gefen bankunan. A lokacin rani, ana shirya tarurrukan yawon shakatawa da sauran abubuwan da ke faruwa a kusa da tafkin. Masunta suna son Kara-Kul don albarkatun ƙasa - ƙananan ƙananan, kifin azurfa da katako ana samun su anan.
Kogon Yuryev
Wannan shi ne kogo mafi girma a cikin yankin Volga - wanda ke cikin tsaunin Bogorodsk. Dama abin tunawa ne na yanki. An gudanar da bincike na farko a cikin kogon ne a cikin 1953. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ɓoyayyiya suka rusa maƙarkar a cikin kogon.
Kogon ya ƙunshi babban juye-juye (ƙofar), manyan gidaje biyu da manholes uku. Na farko - Rains Grotto - ya shahara saboda jan stalagmite-nisan rabin nisansa. Na biyu - Red Grotto - yana da zane-zane mai ban sha'awa a bangon, rijiyoyi da kuma hanyar tsaye. Ramin na uku ba shi da amfani kuma an rufe shi ga baƙi. Kuma hakika dukkan kogon ba a sanye shi ba don balaguron balaguro, damar buɗewa anan kawai a cikin yawon shakatawa tare da kayan aikin da ya dace.
Flora na Tatarstan
Kimanin kashi 20% na ƙasar Tatarstan ke cike da gandun daji. Tsarin daji na samar da gandun daji sune Pine, fir, Spruce, da deciduous - oaks, aspen, Birch, maples, linden.
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Itace Birch
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Fir
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Aspen
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Yawan hazel, birklest, daji fure, bishiyoyi daban-daban suna girma a nan, ferns da mosses ke samu.
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Dologse
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Moss
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Bereklest
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Dajin-steppe yana da wadatar abinci, da ciyawa, da ciyawa. Dandelion da nettle, Clover da doki zobo, thistle da yarrow, chamomile da Clover suna girma a nan.
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Ceto
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Clover
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Dandelion
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Misalai na tsirrai daga Littafin Ruwa
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Ledum marsh
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Babban plantain
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Maganin marshmallow
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Fauna na Tatarstan
A kan yankin Tatarstan rayayyiyar wake da dormouse, squirrels da moose, bears da otters, martens da steppe far, marmots da chipmunks, ginshikai da lynxes, ermines da minks, jerboas da muskrats, foxes da shingehogs.
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Hare
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Dankali
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Kites, gaggafa na zinari, shaho, mai katako, gulls, larks, mujiya, mikiya, mujiyoyi, baƙar fata, ƙwaryar baƙi, baƙar fata, baƙar fata, gandun daji, da sauran nau'ikan da ke tashi akan gandun daji da gandun daji na jamhuriya. A cikin wuraren ajiya ana samun babban kifin. Waɗannan su ne perch da pike, pike perch da sardo, kifi kifi da irin kifi, na kowa irin kifi da kuma crucian irin kifi.
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Kite
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Seagull
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Lark
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Jinsi da haɗarin nau'in fauna na jamhuri kamar haka:
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Barbel Koehler
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Don kiyaye flora da fauna na Tatarstan, an kafa wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiyar abubuwa. Wannan shine Kamaungiyar ta ƙananan Kama da ginin Volga-Kama Nature Reserve. Baya ga su, akwai sauran abubuwa inda ake aiwatar da matakan kariya na muhalli don haɓaka ƙimar dabbobi da kare tsirrai daga halaka.
Ma'adinan Tatarstan
Yanayin Tatarstan yana ɓoye daga idanun yawon bude ido manyan adon mai da mai da albarkatun ƙasa mai zurfi a ƙasa da ƙasa.
Babban mahimmanci kuma mafi mahimmanci ga yau shine man fetur da gas. Dangane da lissafin masana ilmin halitta, yanzu a cikin Tatarstan an san shi kusan filayen mai 130 da wurare fiye da 3,000 na ajiya.
Akwai manyan filayen mai uku kawai: Romashkinskoye, Bavlinskoye da Novoelkhovskoye. Sauran adibas yawancin ana rarrabe su ƙanana.
An riga an kiyasta yawan mai a cikin tan miliyan 800, kuma ya kamata yawan kayyade aikin samar da mai ya wuce tan biliyan 1.
Tatarstan yana da ajiyar kayan albarkatu marasa iyaka waɗanda ake amfani da su don kera kayan gini kamar gypsum, dolomites, farar ƙasa, tsakuwa da yumɓu.
Hakanan, kimanin adibas mai guda 110 aka samu a cikin jamhuriya. Zurfin waɗannan adibas na iya zuwa mita 1500. Hakanan akwai wuraren ajiyar mai, sharar bitam, dutsen phosphate, peat da jan karfe.
Don haka, dukkanin filayen da aka ambata a sama da kyawawan wurare na Tatarstan suna sa jamhuriyar ta yi nasara kan bunkasar tattalin arzikinta. Kasancewa don girmamawa da kariya, dabi'ar Tatarstan za ta sami karbuwa da yawa daga al'ummomin Russia da baƙi na waje.
Rashin nasara
Ruwan karkashin kasa ma yana iya fashewa da kuma narkar da adana tsoffin ƙarni. Rarrabe gypsum da farar ƙasa tsari voids of many ውፍረት da siffofi.
Idan suna kusa da farfajiya, ana yin tsintsiya.
Kuna iya fahimtar yadda yanayin yanayin Tatarstan yake da kyau ta hanyar duba ɗayan waɗannan gazawar waɗanda aka kunshe cikin jerin sunayen lambobin halitta. Rashin nasarar Aktash, ana kiranta tafkin Aktash, tunda ya cika da ruwa, an kirkireshi ne a shekarar 1939. Yana da siffar mazurari, zurfin abinsa ya fi mita 20.
Bayyanannu, tsarkakakken ruwa mai zurfi ya kara salinity. Majiyoyin karkashin kasa basa barin tafkin ya bushe.
Kogo
Rufin, rufe daga sama tare da lokacin farin ciki mai hana ruwa, ramuka na tsari.
Shahararrun kogunan Syukeyev kusa da bakin Kogin Kama, da ke gefen dama na Volga, ba a iya samun su a yau, kamar yadda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye su. Tsarin Syukeyevsih ya haɗa da irin wannan kogon:
- Babu suna.
- Macijin.
- Otvay-Kamen (Vali-Kamen).
- Ruwayar ruwa (Bolshaya Syukeyevskaya).
- Sukhaya (Malaya Syukeevskaya).
- Icy.
- Udachinskaya.
Abin takaici, tasirin ruwa ya haifar da rushewar yawancinsu.
Ba da nisa da Syukeyevskys, an buɗe wasu kogon kwanan nan: Yuryevskaya, Zinovievskaya, Bogorodskaya, Konnodolskaya. Wadannan kogon Karst, kadai a gefen dama na Volga, ana samun damar yawon bude ido.
Wuraren ruwa
Babban tsarin kogin Tatarstan yana da ƙananan ƙananan koguna ɗari biyar waɗanda ke gudana zuwa cikin manyan - Volga da Kama.
An dauki gawawwakin ruwa da yawa a ƙarƙashin kariyar jiha, saboda tsabtace manyan hanyoyin tatarstan kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin su. A cikin su akwai ƙananan koguna 29, tabkuna 33 da maɓuɓɓuka 2.
Blue Lake - lu'u-lu'u Kazan
Baƙi kawai na babban birnin jamhuriyya kawai an wajabta su ziyarci mafi kyawun abubuwan halitta na Tatarstan - ruwan tafkin shuɗi. Tana da nisan kilomita kaɗan daga Kazan, don haka kusan babu komai a nan. Wani ya zo don tattara ruwan kwalba daga maɓuɓɓuka, wani yana jin daɗin yin tafiya a gefen tafkin tsakanin tsoffin bishiyoyi, kuma wani yana son yin iyo a cikin ruwayen.
Tafkin ya samu sunan ta saboda ruwa mai kaifi, wanda a ciki zaku iya ganin bluish a kasan, an rufe shi da karen Layer mai warkarwa mai yumbu. Saboda wannan, ga alama zurfinsa bai wuce mita ba. A zahiri, zurfin akwai kusan babban.
Yanayin ruwan a cikin tafkin bai tashi sama da digiri +6 ba ko da a lokacin rani. Tushen samar da ruwan shine a zargi. "Walruses" kuma mutanen da suka dace kawai suna son yin iyo a cikin tafkin, amma ba a basu shawara ga wadanda basu shirya yin iyo ba.
Masu sha'awar ruwa masu ruwa da tsaki ba su ƙetare kan tafkin ba. Ta hanyar tsabtataccen ruwan, har ma da ƙaramin mazaunan tafkin ana iya ganin su sarai.
Makullin mai tsarki
Tushen "Maɓalli Mai Tsarki" yana kusa da ƙauyen Bilyar, a cikin dajin kusa da ƙafar Dutsen Khuzhalar Tava. Wannan dutsen abin tunawa da Tatarstan yana da tarihin ƙarni da yawa. Makullin yana girmama da Chuvash, da Mari, da Rashanci, da kuma Tatars. A cikin ƙarni na 9-10, wani wurin zama na arna ya kasance kusa da shi. Mahajjata na zamani, kamar magabata masu nisa, sun yi imani da ikon warkarwa kuma tushen ayyukan addini suna kewaye da shi.
"Makullin mai tsarki" ya samo asali ne daga saman dutsen "Khuzhalar Tava." Akwai bukukuwan tunawa da dutse, wanda ke nuna haɗin kan dukkan mabiya addinai.
Hadaddun abubuwan tarihi
Ganawar ta ƙunshi abubuwan tunawa, waɗanda suka haɗa abubuwa da yawa.
Ofayansu complexanyen ɓoyayye ne. Akwai su biyu a cikin jumhuriya.
Bean itacen Ilyinsky, wanda ke cikin yankin Pre-Kama, ya shahara saboda gaskiyar cewa matuƙar walƙiya ta Lapland tana da wuya sosai a cikin Tatarstan.
A bayan Kama akwai raunin Tatahmetyevsky, inda birch squat ke tsiro - gaisuwa daga lokacin kankara.
Recognizedasar da cibiyar nazarin halittu na Jami'ar Jihar Kazan an amince da ita a matsayin dutsen mahimmin kayan tarihi mai mahimmanci. Wannan shine mafi tsohuwar halittar halittar halittu (an kafa shi sama da shekaru 100 da suka gabata, a cikin 1916). A gefen wannan abin tunawa na halitta suna da yawa nau'ikan tsire-tsire da dabbobi da aka jera a cikin littafin Red.
Raifa Arboretum
Tarihi na tarihi na Tatarstan ana ɗaukarsa shine babbar arboretum a cikin jumhuriya. Tana cikin yankin Volga-Kama Reserve kuma an kirkireshi ne da nufin adana tsarin halittun gandun daji na tsakiyar yankin Volga.
Yanzu yankin arboretum ya kusan kadada 220. An kasu kashi uku:
Shuke-shuke da aka kawo daga yankuna daban daban suna girma a kowane yanki.
Dabbobi da yawa suna zuwa arboretum: hares, squirrels, roer deer, foxes har ma da biri.
Zai yi wuya a iya tunanin yadda ma'abuta mazaunan Tatarstan suke da mutuncin ƙasarsu ta asali. Idan kowane mazaunin duniyar yana da mutuntawa da kare duniya da ke kewaye da mu, wataƙila ba zamu taɓa san menene bala'in muhalli ko tsirrai masu haɗarin haɗari ba.
Duk kyawawan yanayin Tatarstan ba za a iya bayyana su a cikin kalmomi ko hotuna ba. Don fahimtar yadda jumhuriya take da ban mamaki, dole ne ku tafi can!
Iblis ya dutsen
Wannan shi ne ɗayan manyan abubuwan jan hankali na Yelabuga. Ragowar sansanin tsaro a bankunan Kogin Kama, kusa da garin Elabuga. Asalin shine mafaka ta kabilanci daya daga cikin kabilun yankin. Hasumiya ta kusurwar ginin da aka rasa itace dutsen silin dutse mai dauke da katako mai ƙarfe a cikin ƙaramin dome. Wani abu na al'adun al'adun Rasha na mahimmancin tarayya.
Taron kasa da na Jamhuriyar
Yankin yanki na Jamhuriyar Tatarstan shine yankin Gabashin Turai. Yankin shine yanki mai murabba'in kilomita dubu 68,000. Na jimlar yanki na Tarayyar Rasha, wannan kusan kashi 0.4.
Daga bangarori daban-daban na iyakokin Tataria:
- a arewacin - tare da yankin Kirov,
- arewa maso gabas - tare da Jamhuriyar Udmurtia,
- gabas - rep. Bashkortostan,
- Kudu maso gabas - Orenburg yankin,
- kudu - yankin samara.,
- kudu maso yamma - Yankin Ulyanovsk.,
- Yammaci - Chuvash Republic,
- arewa maso yamma - jumhuriyar Mari El.
Tasar Tatarstan tana da kashi 7% na gundumar tarayya ta Volga. Babban birnin, Kazan, yana da nisan mil 797 kawai daga Moscow zuwa gabas.
Bayanin fasali na halitta
Tatarstan yana da manyan bangarori na halitta na 2. It is steppe and daji. Ita kanta jamhuriyar tana can a matakin yanki 2. Babban birnin Tatarstan, ana tunanin Kazan yanki yanki ne na gandun daji, wanda ke a arewa maso yamma.
A hankali, an rarraba yankin zuwa sassa uku:
- Pre-Volga - yanki mai tuddai mai nisa a yankin kudu.
- Zakamye yanki ne na Kudu maso Gabas.
- Trans-Volga ko Ciscaucasia - yankin dajin arewa na jamhuriyar.
Tatarstan yana da kyau a la'akari da bakin ruwa: kusan dubu 3 da koguna da tafkuna suna gudana a kan yankin. Dukkansu suna da tsawo daban-daban. Wani sunan Tatarstan shine "ofasar Rafiyoyi 4", ana danganta shi da shiga tsakanin manyan da manyansu: Kama, Volga, Belaya da Vyatka.
Kodayake Tatarstan yana tsakanin bangarori biyu na halitta, kyakkyawar kyakkyawa za a iya sha'awar ta cikin ɗakunan yanayi kawai. Sauran yankin sun sami canje-canje a cikin shekaru dangane da ayyukan ɗan adam.
Taimako da kasar gona
Jin daɗin yankin ba shi da faɗi, a ɓangaren kudanci kawai mutum na iya haɗuwa da kololuwar dutse. Siffar ɓawon burodi na ƙasa yana kama da bakin kogunan kogin. Mafi ƙarancin rukunin yanar gizo sune waɗanda ke cikin kwarin Kama da Volga. Tsawon sama da matakin teku ya kai kimanin 50-70 m. Mafi girman wurin da aka rubuta shi ne dutsen Chatyr-Tau. Mafi ƙanƙantawa shine matakin rafin Kuibyshev. Kusan 90% na ɗaukacin ƙasa yana sama da 200 m.
A cikin Tataria, chernozem da sod-podzolic kasa sun mamaye. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawan aiki mai amfani. Ayyukan aikin gona a duk yankin yana ci gaba cikin sauri, saboda fasalin kayan taimako. Kodayake wannan mutumin yana haifar da mummunar lalacewar gandun daji, saboda kullun dazuka sabbin wuraren gandun daji.
Halin yanayin damina
Yanayin Tatarstan yana da ɗumbin yanayi. An kwatanta shi da lokacin bazara da lokacin sanyi mai sanyi. Zazzabi na watan Janairu ya kai -15 digiri Celsius. A matsakaici, ya hau zuwa +25. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara bashi da mahimmanci - kusan 450-550 mm. Babban adadin ya faɗi akan lokacin bazara. Halin halayyar Tatarstan shine yanayin yanayi a cikin yankuna daban daban na iya bambanta sosai, saboda haka flora da fauna na yankin suna da arziki.
Yankunan da suka fi dacewa sune Gabas ta Zakamye da Prekamye. A cikin wadannan yankuna, mutum na iya tsammanin dusar ƙanƙara daga Nuwamba, amma tuni a watan Afrilu ya narke gaba ɗaya. Yankin Zakamye yanki ne mai kauri da dumi. Yanayin yanayin yanayin ƙasa yana kan bangon dama na Volga a yankin Pre-Volga. Dumi da danshi
Kayan gargajiya na Tatarstan
Kamar yadda tarihin yankin ya fada, a zamanin da daukacin yankin Tatarstan sun mamaye dazuzzukan daji marasa iyaka. Sannu a hankali an sare su, kuma a yau wuraren yankuna na zama kashi 17% ne kawai na yankin. Dalilin yankan shine ci gaban harkar noma da kiwo. Yawancin abubuwan tarihi da na ajiyar halitta suna ƙarƙashin kariyar hukuma, kamar yadda aka san su da ƙimar tarihi.
Yankin daji na Tatarstan ya ƙunshi manyan nau'ikan 2: gandun itacen oak da duhu rami. Fir, pine da spruce ne kawai zasu iya girma a nan.
Thearin kudu a yankin yana cikin shirye-shiryen ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura. Kayan lambu babbar ganyayyaki ce. A baya can, jumhuriya ta shahara saboda kyawawan wuraren kiwo. Ciyayi da ciyayi da yawa sun lalace gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kiwo dabbobin. Yanzu makiyaya sama da kashi 10 cikin dari ne.
Mafi yawan yanki shi ne taiga ta kudu. Anan zaka iya samun ciyayi mai ɗorewa. A kudu, gandun daji na itacen oak suna da yawa, waɗanda ba a taɓa samun su ba sune linden, elm, maple na Norway, spruce warty, da hazel bushes. A wuraren da ciyayi ke tsiro ba tare da lalacewa ba, Ferns da nau'ikan ciyawa da gansakuka sun mamaye.
Bishiyar daji-steppe tana da wadata ba kawai a cikin ciyawar makiyaya ba, har ma a cikin berries da tsire-tsire masu magani:
- bearberry
- Mayu na kwarin,
- kulob mai kamanni,
- Hypericum perforatum
- Saxifrage cinya,
- daji strawberry,
- wanda ya mutu yashi,
- gama gari,
- marsh cranberries,
- furannin furanni.
Wasu yankuna suna da yanayin yanayi mai kyau.Bishiyoyi da ciyayi masu jure fari da ciyawa sun mamaye wadannan wurare. A duk yankin za ka iya samun adadin tsire-tsire masu ɗorewa daga Littafin Littattafai. A cikin duka, bel na dabi'a na Tatar yana da nau'ikan tsire-tsire 800.
Fauna na yankin
Tataria yana tsakanin tsakanin kwari da gandun daji, saboda haka ya zama asalin 'yan asalin dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tsuntsaye.
Ukuzuka da dawakai sunada arziki a cikin nau'in dabbobi:
- marmots, jerboas da chipmunks,
- hares, dawakai da Wolves,
- martens, shinge da ermines,
- ruwa otters da minks.
A cikin duka akwai nau'ikan dabbobi kusan 400 na dabbobi daban daban da dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma nau'ikan tsuntsaye 300.
A cikin yankin yankin koyaushe zaka iya lura da:
- hauwa mujiyoyi,
- jaka,
- larks da swifts,
- ango da amarya baki,
- katako
Baya ga farar hula, jinsin ciyad da ciyawar ruwa a cikin yankin.
Masu Gano:
- baƙar fata, kwari, da gaggafa,
- steppe gaggafa da gashin kankara,
- Yuviks da Falcons Peregrine Falcons,
- hawks da buzzards.
Tsarin gandun daji da tuddai na wannan yanki suna iya ɗaukar yawancin nau'ikan tsuntsaye. A lokaci guda, kowane nau'in yana da isasshen abinci.
Wakilan Waterfowl:
- guz, duck, swan,
- kogin tern
- nutse, merganser,
- mai sauki baki-gull.
Duk waɗannan wakilan ƙawance ne na gaskiya game da yanayin yankin. Ya kamata a lura da dukiyar duniyar da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa. Kogin zurfin ruwa kawai yana cike da ruwa tare da mazaunan ruwa:
- kifin kifi, kifi mai kifi,
- sores, chubs da chubs,
- kifi da kuma zander.
Kusa da yankin gaɓar teku, sau da yawa zaka iya samun bream, ruff, perch da roach.
Haske da abubuwan tunawa
Babban abubuwan jan hankali na Tatarstan sune raye-raye masu yawa, waɗanda mazaunan Tatarstan ke alfahari da su. Sau da yawa, yawon bude ido daga sassa daban-daban na duniya, sau daya a wannan kasa mai sihiri, ba su san wanda zai fara zuwa ba.
Yanayin jamhuri na bukatar kariya koyaushe. Zuwa wannan, an samar da wuraren shakatawa na halitta da yawa. Anan flora da fauna da ke kusa da agogo an kiyaye shi daga nau'i. Tare da taimakon irin waɗannan yankuna, ƙwararrun masana suna ba da gudummawa ga karuwar yawan dabbobi.
Akwai dodanni 138 na ƙasa a ƙasar Tatarstan. Abubuwa na musamman da mara ƙanƙanci da yanayin rayuwa suna da sha'awar kimiyya. Kungiyoyin da suke yankinsu suna da alhakin kariyar. Yana da mahimmanci musamman don kare su, saboda ɗayan abu ɗaya ne tare da tarihin ci gaban jamhuriyar. Tuni daga aji na 3, makarantun jumhuriya suna koyar da yadda ake alaƙa da juna zuwa yanayin asalin ƙasarsu.
An bambanta Jamhuriyar Tatarstan ta kasashe daban-daban, al'adu da dandano na musamman. Haɗuwa da fara'a da mutuntaka yanayi ba za a iya bayanin su a takaice. Dole ne a nuna dabi'ar Tataria, yayin kare ta.