Sunan Latin: | Haliaeetus |
Sunan Turanci: | Ana yin karin bayani |
Mulkin: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Class: | Tsuntsaye |
Kamewa: | Hawk-kamar |
Iyali: | Hawk |
Kyau: | Mikiya |
Tsayin jiki: | 70-110 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 38.6-43.4 cm |
Wingspan: | Ana yin karin bayani |
Mass: | 3000-7000 g |
Bayanin Bird
Orlan babban tsuntsu ne mai girman kai. Tsawon jikinta ya kasance daga 70 zuwa 110 cm, fuka-fuki shine 2-2.5 m, nauyi yana cikin kewayon daga 3 zuwa 7 kg. Gefen ya kasance babba, ya daure, wutsiya da fuka-fukan suna da fadi, kafafu suna da ƙarfi, ba tare da zage-zage ba, tare da dogayen fika. Hannun a kan paws suna da wuya, wanda ya isa ga tsuntsu ya riƙe ganima mai santsi (musamman kifi). Jikin fari shine launin ruwan kasa, tare da sassan jikin mutum fari. A cikin wasu nau'in, akwai fararen hular kai, kafadu, wutsiya, akwati. Gashin baki rawaya ne.
Siffofin gaggawar ciyarwa
Tushen abincin gaggafa sune kifi da ruwa mai shayarwa. Ganimar gaggafa yakan zama babban kifi da ke da nauyi daga kilogram 2 zuwa 3 (kifi, mashin, kifin), daga tsuntsayen kusa-kusa da mikiya da ke cin abinci a gulls, herons, geese, storks, ducks, Flaingos. Mikiya tana neman wadanda suka bata daga bishiyoyi masu tsayi ko gudu a cikin tafki.
Tunda ya lura da ganima, sai maharbar ta kusanto ta da sauri: tana tsinkaye dogayen yatsun ta a cikin tsuntsayen sararin samaniya, kuma tana wajan kwace kifin daga saman ruwa, amma ba ta taba nutsuwa a karkashin ta. Idan akwai kifaye masu yawa a cikin tafkin, to har sama da gaggafa goma zasu iya yin farauta a wuri guda. Tare da irin wannan farautar hadin gwiwa, tsuntsaye sukan sata ko kuma su ci abin da ke hannun juna.
Hakanan, gaggafa suna ciyar da kaya, suna cin kifayen da aka samo a bakin, gawawwakin barewa, bera, beavers, muskrats, zomaye, kifi Whales.
Bird yadawo
Eagles suna yadu sosai kuma ba'a same su ba kawai a Antarctica da Kudancin Amurka. Tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in a koyaushe suna kusa da jikin ruwa: basa tashi a kusa da gabar koguna, tafkuna, tekuna, da kuma cikin tudu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa gaggafa suna fitar da babban abincin su a cikin ruwa ko kusa da shi. Mikiya tsuntsaye ne marasa kan gado, amma a cikin lokacin sanyi, lokacin da tafkunan zazzagewa, yin ƙaura zuwa kudu.
Farar fata mai farin ciki (Haliaeetus leucogaster)
Tsawon jikin mace na wannan nau'in ya kasance daga 80 zuwa 85 cm, maza daga 75 zuwa 77 cm, fikafin nassin shine 180-218 cm.Dagawar manya daga kilo 4 zuwa 5. Abubuwan dabam dabam daga cikin mikiya mai fararen fata-bugu sune kai, ƙirjin, rufe gashin fuka-fukai a ƙarƙashin fikafikan da farin wutsiya. A baya da fikafikan suna da launin toka daga sama. Wutsiyar takaice ce, mai siffar siffa. A cikin tsuntsayen matasa, launin toka mai launin ruwan kasa, ya fara zama fari a hankali, har zuwa shekaru 5-6.
Jinsi na zaune a gabar kogin na wurare masu zafi na Asiya, New Guinea, Ostiraliya da Tasmania, ba shi da haɗari.
Galaddin Marayi (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Tsawon jikin tsuntsu ya kasance daga 70 zuwa 120 cm, fuka-fukan shine 180-230 cm, nauyin yana cikin kewayon daga 3 zuwa 6.3 kg. Mata sun fi maza girma a girma, iri ɗaya ne a cikin matattara. Fuka-fukan suna da fadi, zagaye, wutsiya tsayin matsakaici, mai kamanni. Gefen yana da girma, ya daɗe, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Akwai ci gaban girma a saman baka na kwanyar. Ba a daɗaɗa paws ba, launin rawaya. Iris mai rawaya ne.
Shugaban da jela fararen fata ne, ragowar ragowar tsuntsu duhu ne, kusan baki ne. Ana haihuwar kyankyasai cikin fararen launin fari. Launi na farko na matasa shine launin ruwan kasa cakulan tare da fararen launuka a ciki na fuka-fuki da kafadu. Graduallywaya yana zama sananne a hankali, kuma ya kasance yana da shekaru 4 yana samun halayyar manya.
Ana samun mikiya a cikin Kanada da Amurka, da wuya a Mexico. Har ila yau, tsuntsu yana da mazaunin tsibirin na Saint-Pierre da Miquelon. A rayuwa, ya fi son bakin tekun, bahar, manyan lakuna ko koguna. Migaura ta lokatai ta dogara da ko Wuraren a cikin yankin mazaunin kowane yanki na yawan daskarewa.
Stag's teku gaggafa (Haliaeetus pelagicus)
Tsawon jikin nau'in shine 105-112 cm, tsawon reshe yana daga 57 zuwa 68 cm, nauyi yana daga kilo 7.5 zuwa 9. Tsarin tsuntsayen manya sun haɗu da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da fari. Goshi, da kafafu, manya da kanana, haka kuma fuka-fukan wutsiya fararen fata ne, sauran jikin kuma launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. A cikin kananan tsuntsaye, ana bayyana filayen ocherous, wanda ya ɓace kafin shekaru 3. Iris haske ne mai launin shuɗi, baki mai launin shuɗi-fari, babba, ƙafafu masu launin shuɗi ne da fararen fata.
Dabbobin sun zama ruwan dare a Kamchatka, a bakin Tekun Okhotsk, a Koryak Plateau, a gefen Amur, a Sakhalin, Shantar da Kuril Islands, a Koriya.
Farin fari-Eagle Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)
Farar fata mai-fari fari ita ce ta huɗu mafi girma a tsakanin tsuntsaye a Turai. Tsawon jikinta daga 70 zuwa 90 cm, fuka-fuki ya kusan 2 m, nauyi shine 4-7 kg. Mace yawanci ya fi maza girma. Wutsiyar takaice ce, mai siffar siffa. Manya ne launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi da wuya, da farar wutsiya. Gefen yana da ƙarfi, launin rawaya mai haske. Bakan gizo rawaya ce. Ba a ba da hoton ba. Tsuntsayen matasa suna launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da baki mai launin toka mai duhu.
Longtail Asa (Haliaeetus leucoryphus)
Tsawon jikin tsuntsu ya kasance daga 72 zuwa 84 cm, fuka-fukin nisansa shine 180-205 cm a nauyi nauyin mace ya kai kilogiram 2.1 zuwa 3.7, a cikin maza yana da nauyin kilogram 2-3.3. Tsuntsu yana da hular launin ruwan kasa mai haske, fararen fuska, fuka-fuki suna da launin ruwan kasa, kuma baya yana ja. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce tare da fararen fararen fata a tsakiyar. Matsakaicin saurayi shine monophonic, duhu, ba tare da tsiri akan wutsiya ba.
Gidajen jinsin sun hada da yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya, daga Kaspianiyanci da Bahar Maliya, Kazakhstan da Mongolia zuwa dutsen Himalayan, Pakistan, Indiya, Bangladesh. Jinsin yana nufin ƙaura kaɗan.
Orlan Screamer (Haliaeetus murnan)
Tsuntsu mai matsakaici tare da tsawon tsayi na jiki ya kai cm 63 zuwa 57, fikafikai har zuwa cm 210. Mace sun fi maza girma kuma sun yi nauyi daga kilogram 3.2 zuwa 3.6, yayin da ƙarshen ya kasance daga kilo 2 zuwa 2.5. Plwaya cikin kai, wuya, wutsiya, kirji na sama da baya fararen fata ne, duk sauran bangarorin jiki sune kirji ko launin toka. Gashin fuka-fukai baƙaƙen fata ne a bakin fikafikan. Gashin yana da rawaya, baƙar fata a goshin, kafafu haske ne rawaya.
Ana samun nau'in a yankin Saharar Afrika a tsawan sama da tsawan 1000 zuwa saman matakin teku, kusa da gawarwakin ruwa.
Kiwon Eagle
Mikiya tsuntsaye ne masu biri, suna rayuwa biyu-biyu, suna rayuwa iri ɗaya iri ɗaya na tsawan shekaru, inda tsuntsaye suke gina sheƙarsu akan itaciya mafi girma.
Ana samun filayen kursiyin Eagles akan bishiyoyi da suka mutu ko firamansu bushe, kamar yadda rassan bakin ciki basa tsayayya da tsananin babban babban gida. Girman danshi daga 1.5 zuwa 3 m, tsayinsa ya kai 1 m, kuma nauyinsa zai iya kaiwa zuwa t 1. Mafi girma sananniyar gaggafa wacce take da nauyi 2.7 t .. Mace tana gina gida, kuma namiji yana kawo kayan ginin. Kowace shekara, gaggafa tana sabuntawa kuma suna kammala sheƙarta.
Lokacin damuna don gaggafa yakan faru a cikin Maris ko Afrilu. A wannan lokacin, masu farauta suna jujjuyawa cikin jirgin sama wanda ya cancanci, lokacin da abokan haɗin iska suke jinginar da yatsunsu kuma suna rugawa ƙasa, suna juyawa da gindinta.
A cikin ɗayan juzu'a, mikiya mace tana da ƙwai 1 zuwa 3, wanda tayi kyan gani daga kwanaki 34 zuwa 38. Ana haihuwar kaji, an lullube su da farin farin ruwa, mara taimako. Mace na kiyaye su, yayin da namiji ya sami abinci - kifi da nama. Daga brood, a matsayin mai mulkin, kaji guda yana tsira, mafi girma da ƙarfi. Yayin shekaru 3, matasa gaggafa suka zama fikafikai, amma tsawon watanni suna kasancewa kusa da iyayensu.
Mikiya ta kai ga balaga tun tana shekara 4. Tsawon rayuwar su kusan shekaru 20 ne a cikin daji, kuma a cikin bauta - har zuwa shekaru 50.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da tsuntsu
- Eagan Ashin farin-isan wasa alama ce ta hukuma a ƙasar Malesiya ta Selangor da kuma National National Park (Jervis Bay). Hoton tsuntsu an sanya shi a bangon Singapore (dala 10,000 na Singapore).
- Tun daga 1782, mikiya ta zama hukuma ta kasa ta Amurka ta yau, ana sanya hotunan ta a sumar makamai, ma'aunin shugaban kasa, banki, tambura na hukumomin kasa.
- Orlan-krikun - alamar kasar Zambiya, an sanya hotonta a tutar, mayafin makamai da alamomin kasar. Bugu da kari, ana nuna hoton tsuntsu a suturar makaman Namibia da Sudan ta kudu.
- Sakamakon girman girmanta, an shimfiɗa firar gaggafa a cikin Littafin Littafin Guinness na Guinness.
- A cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, an sami raguwar yawan gaggafa saboda yawan wargajewar su da kuma ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam. Amfani da DDT don murkushe ƙwayoyin kwari ya haifar da lahani ga tsuntsaye. A Amurka, an aiwatar da dokoki wadanda suka haramta kashe da mallakar gaggafa. Haramcin amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da matakan kariya na haifar da dawo da adadin tsuntsayen da ke a hankali.
Fuskar fari-fari
Kallon tsuntsayen masu farauta, daya bisa son yarda da karfin su, saurin walƙiya da kuma tsananin lura. Soaring a cikin midair farin fari-fari ya burge shi da kyawawan halayensa. Baya ga sifofin waje na irin wadannan tsuntsayen, akwai da yawa abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da mahimman ayyukan su. Bari muyi kokarin yin cikakken bayani game da yadda rayuwar farawar gaggafa-fari, wacce za a iya kiranta lafiya a sama.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Farar farin fari, dabbar farashi ce wacce take da dangin shaho, tsari irin na hazo da kuma halittar gaggafa. Gabaɗaya, duk gaggafa manyan birai ne. Babban bambancinsu daga gaggafa shine kasantuwar bare (ba tare da murfin gashin tsuntsu ba). Abun yatsun tsuntsun yana sanye da kananan spikes don taimakawa ci gaba da zamewa (abincin kifi).
Masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun rarrabe nau'ikan gaggafa 8, daga cikinsu akwai muguwar fari-da muka yi la’akari da su. Abu ne mai sauki mutum ya sanya sunan wannan tsuntsu saboda yana da fararen gashin tsuntsaye. Gasar wurin wannan nau'in gaggafa a koyaushe tana da alaƙa da wuraren bude kogunan ruwa, don haka ana iya samun wannan ƙaddarar da ke kusa da gaɓar tekun, manyan mashigan kogin, manyan tafkuna. Ba don komai ba cewa a cikin fassarar daga tsohuwar etymology ta Greek ta kalmar "mikiya" tana tsaye "gaggafa ce".
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: -an Tsuntsu-iledan Dawaki
Farin dabbar da ke da farin fari, yana da girma, yana da ƙarfi a jiki, babban baki, dogaye da fika-fikai da kuma wutsiya mai gajere. Launin maza da na mace daidai yake, amma na farkon sun ɗan bambanta da na mace. Yawan maza yana daga kilo 3 zuwa 5.5, mace daga kilo 4 zuwa 7. Tsawon jikin mikiya ya bambanta daga 60 zuwa 98 cm, kuma fikafin ta zai iya kasancewa tsawon salo (daga 190 zuwa 250 cm). Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da cikakkiyar shelar gashin tsuntsu gashin gashin kai wanda ke rufe tibiae; babu wani abu mai tsayi a jikin rabin talus. Paan uwansu kansu suna da iko sosai, a cikin ƙusoshinsu akwai kaifi masu girma, manyan kuli-kuli, waɗanda ba za su rasa ganima ba.
Canjin launin fitsari a cikin tsuntsaye masu balaguro suna da asali mai asali wanda zai iya canzawa daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa marafa, wannan bambanci ana ganin shi saboda gaskiyar cewa gashin fuka-fukan a gindi suna da duhu kuma kololuransu suna da haske (ƙone su). Matsayi kusa da yankin kai, launi mikiya ya zama haske, kusan yayi fari da kansa. Launin gashin fuka-fuka, ciki da na fure sun yi duhu idan aka kwatanta da asalin asalin tsuntsu. Kyakkyawan farin wutsiya ya bambanta dangane da naduhvil, mararta da fuka-fuki.
Idanun gaggafa basu da girma sosai, kuma idansu na iya zama:
- launin ruwan kasa
- launin ruwan kasa
- amber
- launin shuɗi.
A saboda wannan dalili, sau da yawa ana kiran gaggafa da ido. Launin launukan yatsun tsuntsun da babban katako shima hasken launin rawaya ne.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Launin kananan dabbobi yafi duhu fiye da na dangi manya. Fuskokinsu, fika, da baki bera ne mai launin toka. Za'a iya ganin ramuka da yawa a ciki, kuma ana iya ganin tsarin marmara a saman wutsiya. Bayan kowace molt, ƙananan gaggafa sunada kama da tsuntsaye manya. Lokacin da tsuntsayen suka balaga sai suka fara kama da na gaggafa. Wannan baya faruwa kafin ya cika shekaru biyar har ma daga baya.
Don haka, an bambanta mikiya daga wasu masu cin gashin tsuntsaye masu kama da wannan tare da kasancewar wani farin wutsiya da kai, mara wuya, baki. Idon dake zaune a sama yana kama da gajarta, babba kuma mara nauyi kamar idan aka kwatanta shi da gaggafa Idan aka kwatanta da ciyawa, farin da ke da farin fari ya fi girma. An bambanta farin mikiya da mikiya daga mikiya ta fari ta gajeriyar wutsiyar siket da kuma mafi katsewa da babban bera.
Ina ne farin gaggafa-fari yake zaune?
Hoto: Red Book Farar Taukaki
A Eurasia, shimfidar yankin fari-fari fari, tana da faɗi sosai, tana kan Scandinavia, Denmark, kwarin Elbe, har zuwa Czech Republic, Hungary, da Slovakia. Tsuntsayen suna zaune a yankin Balkans, kwari na Anadyr, Kamchatka, suna zaune a gabar tekun Pasifik na gabashin Asiya. A arewa, mazaunan gaggafa suna kama da ƙasar Norway, Kola Peninsula (ɓangaren arewa), Timan Tundra, Yamal (yankin kudu), yana kara faɗaɗa zuwa Gydan Peninsula, yana gab da bakin Pesina da Yenisei, gaggafa na Lena da Khatanga Valley suna zaune. Kammala iyakar arewarsu ita ce Chukchi Ridge, ko kuma, gangararta ta kudu.
A mafi yankuna yankuna na kudu, farin fari-fari fari sun zaɓi:
- Greeceara Girma da Asiya,
- arewacin Iran da Iraki
- reachesarfin Amu Darya,
- arewa maso gabashin China,
- arewacin yankin Mongolian,
- Koreanasar Koriya ta Kudu.
Kurajen Greenland sun fi son Greenland (ɓangaren yamma), waɗannan tsuntsayen ganima suma suna zaune a yankuna na wasu tsibiran:
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A arewa, gaggafa ana ɗaukar ƙaura, a kudu da tsakiyar layin - zauna ko yawo. Yaran dabbobi daga layin tsakiyar a cikin hunturu suna zuwa kudu, yayin da ƙwararrun ugo masu girma kuma suka ci gaba da yin hunturu, ba tare da tsoron cewa jikin ruwan zai daskare ba.
Amma game da kasarmu, za a iya sake yin amfani da koma bayan fararen gaggafa-dabbar fari tare da yankinta. Yawancin tsuntsayen da ke da alaƙa da yawa ana lura da su a sararin samaniya na Baikal, Azov da kuma Tekun Caspian. Ma'aikatan gari sukan girke girke-girke a kusa da manyan jikkunan ruwa na cikin teku ko kuma bakin teku, inda suke da wadataccen abinci na abinci.
Me farin fari yake yi?
HOTO: Bird na Ganyen Fata-fari
Jigaban farin gaggafa-dabbar fari, kamar yadda ya cancanci wannan babban tsuntsu, yazamo. Shi, saboda mafi yawan ɓangaren, ya ƙunshi jita-jita na kifi, ba don komai ba cewa wannan tsuntsu ana kiranta gaggafar teku. Dangane da tsarin abinci, kifi yana cikin farkon daraja, yawanci, gaggafa suna kama mutane waɗanda ba su fi kilo uku ba. Abubuwan da ake son tsuntsaye ba su iyakance kawai ga tsarin kifaye, wasan daji (na ƙasa da tsuntsayen) kuma yana da ɗanɗano gaggafa, kuma a cikin lokutan hunturu ba ma ƙyamar su da ɗaukar kaya.
Baya ga kifi, gaggafa suna farin cikin samun cizo:
Farauta dabarun tsuntsu na iya zama daban, duk ya dogara da irin nau'in abincin da girmanta. Ugo na iya kai hari kai tsaye yayin jirgin, yana iya nutse wa wanda aka cutar da shi daga sama, idan yana kallonsa da tsayi. Ya zama ruwan dare ga tsuntsaye su lura da yiwuwar samun abin da za su iya ganuwa; su kuma suna iya kwashe ganima daga wani, mai rauni ainun. Farar fata, mai rayuwa a cikin talakan, mai kula da masu gadi, marmots da berayen bera kusa da barorinsu. Mikiya suna kama zomaye a guje cikin sauri. Waterfowl yana tsoratar da mikiyar teku kuma yana sa shi nutsar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Eagles yawanci suna ciyar da marasa lafiya, raunana da tsofaffin dabbobi. Cin abinci a ƙasashen waje da kifayen da aka samu, tsuntsaye suna tsabtace hanyoyin tafkuna. Kar ka manta suna cin abinci, saboda za a iya dogara da su ne saboda tsarin adonsu. Masana kimiyyar ilimin halittar jiki sun tabbatar da cewa fararen wutsiyoyi suna aiki mafi mahimmanci na kiyaye daidaituwar halitta a cikin wadancan halittun da suke rayuwa.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: -an farin fari a cikin Flight
Farar fata mai-fari fari ita ce dabbar tsuntsaye na huɗu da ke da fiɗa girma dangane da girma a yankin Turai. A gabansa akwai: farin bera, mai gemu da baƙar fata.Farin-wutsiya masu ɗaure kai, a cikin nau'ikan da suke rayuwa tsawon shekaru a cikin yanki ɗaya, wanda zai iya tsawaita daga nisan mil 25 zuwa 80. Iyalin gaggafa a hankali suna kare kayansu daga sauran masu fafatawa. Gabaɗaya, yakamata a sani cewa yanayin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da matukar ƙarfi, har ma tare da yaransu ba sa damuwa da dogon lokaci kuma nan da nan za a raka su zuwa rayuwa mai cin gashin kanta, da zaran sun fara ɗauka ga reshe.
Lokacin da gaggafa ke farautar kifaye, sai a hankali suke neman ganima kuma daga sama nan da nan su sauka ƙasa don su kama shi da kaifi a kafafu. Maharbin na iya ɓoyewa har ma don tsallakewa na biyu a farfajiyar ruwa don kama kifi daga zurfin, Ina sarrafa wannan yanayin gaba ɗaya. A cikin jirgin, gaggafa ba ta da ban mamaki da sauri kamar ta falmo da gaggafa. Idan aka kwatanta su, suna kama da nauyi, soar ba sau da yawa. Fuka fukafukansu suma ne kuma basu da alamun canza yanayin gaggafa.
Mikiya zaune akan reshe tayi kama da tsuntsu, ita ma tana rage kanta kuma tana da kaurin tururi. Ana rarrabe muryar gaggafa da hayaniya mai saukad da ɗan hankali. A lokacin da wani abu ya firgita tsuntsaye, kukansu zai kara zama kwatsam tare da kasancewar wani abin fashewar karfe. Wani lokacin wasu juhurun suna yin girgiza mage. Tsuntsaye lokaci guda suna yin karin magana, suna kauda kawunansu baya.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: -an farin fari a Rasha
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, mikiya sune masu goyon bayan aure mai karfi, suna kulla ma'aurata tsawon rai. Birdan uwan tsuntsu koyaushe suna tashi don hunturu a cikin lokutan zafi kuma suna komawa zuwa ƙasarsu ta asali tare, wannan yana faruwa a watan Maris ko Afrilu. Maƙƙarfan gaggafa ƙasa ce ta asali ga tsuntsaye, inda suke rayuwa a tsawon rayuwarsu, suna gini da gyara mazaunin su, idan ya cancanta. Mikiya na zabi wuraren girke-girke akan bishiyoyi da ke girma a tafkuna da koguna, ko kan tsaunika da kan kan dutse, wanda kuma ke kusa da ruwa.
Don gina gida, fuka-fukin cin gashin tsuntsaye suna amfani da rassan kauri, kuma kasan an yi layi tare da haushi, sandunan da ke kan ciki, ciyawar ciyawa, fuka-fukan. Irin wannan babban tsari yana kasancewa koyaushe akan babban birgima mai ƙarfi ko a cikin yanki na reshe. Ofaya daga cikin manyan yanayin shine tsayin wuri, wanda zai iya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 25 m, wannan yana kiyaye kajin daga masu ɓoye ƙasa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da shafin yanar gizon ya gina kawai, ba ya wuce mita ɗaya a diamita, amma a cikin shekaru ya zama mafi wahala, a hankali yana ƙaruwa sau biyu. Irin wannan tsari na iya saurin sauka daga nauyin sa, saboda haka fararen wutsiyoyi galibi dole ne su fara sabon gida.
Mace na iya sa daga qwai 1 zuwa 3, galibi akwai guda 2. Launin harsashi yana da fari, ana iya samun ocher spots a kai. Qwai sunada girma da zasu dace da tsuntsayen. Suna da tsawon 7 - 8 cm. Tsawon lokacin ƙyallen shine kimanin makonni biyar. Ana haihuwar kyankyasai a cikin watan Mayu. Kimanin watanni uku, iyaye suna kulawa da zuriya, wanda ke cikin tsananin buƙatar kulawar su. Tuni a farkon watan jiya na ƙarshe, matasa gaggafa sun fara ɗauka zuwa reshe, kuma a ƙarshen Satumba sun bar cibiyar iyayen, suna tashi zuwa balagagge, rayuwa mai zaman kanta, wanda a cikin yanayin yanayi na iya zama daga 25 zuwa shekaru 27.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abin mamaki, farin gaggafa-gaggafa a cikin bauta suna iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 40.
Abokan gaba na Eagungiyoyin Fushin Farkon Kaya
Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa farin mikiya babban fari-sized da andaƙan gashin tsuntsaye mai ɗamara tare da katako mai ban sha'awa da yatsun wuta, yana da kusan babu marasa lafiya a cikin daji. Amma za a iya faɗi wannan game da tsuntsayen da suka manyanta, amma kajin haihuwar, ƙwararrun dabbobin da ba su da ilimi da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayoyi sune suka fi cutarwa kuma suna iya shan wahala daga wasu dabbobi masu tsinkaye waɗanda ba sa iya cin abincinsu.
Masana ilimin dabbobi na Sakhalin sun gano cewa adadi da yawa na tsuntsu suna fama da ƙusoshin bears mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda aka nuna ta kasancewar wasu ƙararraki a jikin kuran bishiyoyin da gaggafa suka sauka. Akwai shaidu cewa a cikin 2005 dabbar beyar ta lalata kusan rabin wuraren tsuntsayen, ta haka suka lalata zuriyarsu. Wakilai na dangin marten, waɗanda su ma suka bijiro da rago a kan itacen kambi, suna iya yin ta ɓarayin ɓarayi a kannuna. Tsuntsayen crane kuma suna cutar da masonry.
Abin baƙin cikin shine, ɗayan mafi munin maƙiya har sai kwanan nan wani mutum wanda, a tsakiyar karni na karshe, ya fara kawar da waɗannan tsuntsayen masu ban sha'awa, la'akari da cewa sune manyan masu fafatukar mallaka na mallakar kifi da muskrats. A cikin wannan yakin marar daidaituwa, adadi da yawa ba kawai gaggafa suka mutu ba, amma an lalata masussuka da kawunansu. Yanzu lamarin ya canza, mutane sun zabi White Tails a matsayin abokansu.
Duk daya ne, tsuntsayen suna ci gaba da wahala daga ayyukan mutane, suna fada tarko da mafarautan suka kafa wa wasu dabbobin (kusan tsuntsaye 35 suna mutuwa kowace shekara sakamakon wannan). Galibi, yawan kwararar kungiyoyin yawon bude ido na tilasta tsuntsaye yin ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna, wanda hakan ke cutar da rayuwar su. Hakanan yana faruwa da cewa son sani na ɗan adam yana haifar da bala'i, saboda tsuntsu nan da nan ya jefa masushinsa idan mutum ya taɓa shi, amma ita kanta ba zata taɓa kai harin ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: -an Tsuntsu-iledan Dawaki
Tare da matsayin yawan farin gaggafa-fari, abubuwa suna da tabbas, inda aka ɗauke shi wani nau'in gama gari, a wasu yankuna - masu saurin cutarwa. A Turai, yaduwar gaggafa ana ɗaukarsa lalacewa ne, i.e. m Akwai wata shaidar cewa kusan nau'i-nau'i na tsuntsu 7,000 a yankuna na Rasha da Norway, wanda shine kashi 55 na jimlar yawan tsuntsayen Turai.
Bayanai na Turai sun nuna cewa adadin nau'i-nau'i waɗanda ke haɓaka aiki da yawa sun bambanta daga 9 zuwa 12,3 dubu, wanda yake daidai da 18 - 24.5 dubu waɗanda suka manyanta. Masana kimiyyar ilimin halittar dabbobi sun lura da cewa yawan farin giwaye masu fararen fata-a hankali, amma, duk da haka, yana ƙaruwa. Duk da wannan, akwai dalilai marasa kyau da yawa na tsarin anthropogenic waɗanda ke lalata yanayin kasancewar waɗannan manyan tsuntsayen.
Wadannan sun hada da:
- lalata da kuma magudanar ciyayi,
- kasancewar dukkan ire-iren matsalolin muhalli,
- sare manyan tsoffin bishiyoyi inda gaggafa suka fi son zama a gida,
- sa hannun mutum a cikin halittun halittu,
- karancin abincin da ya danganta da gaskiyar cewa mutum ya sami kamun kifi.
Ya kamata a maimaita kuma a lura cewa a wasu yankuna da ƙasashe, gaggafa sune tsuntsaye masu rauni, sabili da haka, suna buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman waɗanda mutum yayi ƙoƙarin samarwa.
Fuskancin lean farin Tsire
Hoto: -aukacin fromaukacin fromaura daga Littattafai
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, yawan farin giwayen da aka samu a yankuna daban-daban ba iri daya bane, a wasu yankuna yakasance yanada kadan, a wasu, akasin haka, ana lura da yawan tarawo da fuka-fuki. Idan muka juya ga abin da ya gabata, to a cikin 80s na karni na karshe adadin waɗannan tsuntsayen a cikin ƙasashen Turai sun ragu sosai, amma a cikin lokaci matakan ci gaba na kariya sun daidaita yanayin, kuma yanzu ba a la'akari da gaggafa.
An jera farin dabbar farin fari a cikin Littafin IUCN Red Book, inda yake da matsayin “damuwa kadan” saboda yawan fadi. A kan iyakar ƙasarmu, farin fari mai-fari-haruffa kuma an jera su a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha, inda take da matsayin wasu nau'in halitta. Babban abubuwanda ke iyakance sun hada da ayyukan dan adam daban-daban, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwa a wuraren da suka dace da rayuwar farauta, kawar da wasu hanyoyin ruwa, sanya tsuntsaye daga yankuna masu rayuwa. Saboda farauta, tsuntsayen ba su da isasshen abinci, suna faɗowa cikin tarko, suna mutuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa masu karɓar haraji suna sanya dabbobinsu na kayan abinci. Mikiya na mutu sakamakon cin macen masu guba da guba.
Babban matakan kiyaye lafiyar da suka shafi canzawar tsuntsu yakamata su hada da:
- rashin tsoma bakin mutane a cikin halittun halittu,
- gano wuraren wuraren gaggafa da haɗuwarsu a cikin jerin wuraren kariya,
- kare tsuntsaye da namun daji a sarari,
- da yawa a taragur don yin farauta,
- lissafin shekara-shekara na tsuntsayen hunturu,
- Tsarin tattaunawar tattaunawa a tsakanin yawan jama'a cewa mutumin ba ya kusantar da gidan tsuntsaye, har ma don neman sani.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in ƙara hakan aƙalla farin fari-fari kuma mai ƙarfi, mai girma da ƙarfi, har yanzu yana buƙatar dangantakar ɗan adam, kulawa da kariya. Girman waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen nan na dako suna da daɗaɗawa, kuma iko da su, ɓarna da lura sosai suna ba da himma da ba da ƙarfi. Eagles suna kawo fa'idodi da yawa ga yanayi, suna aiki kamar tsari mai fuka-fukai. Ana fatan cewa 'yan Adam za su kasance da amfani ga waɗannan mafarautan ko, aƙalla, ba zai cutar da su ba.