Mafi mashahurin kifin ja a cikin Rasha, wanda ake amfani da shi don salting da yin burodi, shine kifin masara, ruwan kifi mai ruwan hoda, kifi, kifi, kifin masara da coho. A kan asalinsu, sim ɗin ya ci gaba da zama ɗan - kifi, wanda, kamar sauran, yana nufin abubuwa masu kamun kifi. Tana da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, tana dafa abinci da sauri. Kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da lafiyar bitamin da ma'adanai ba su da tushe ga wasu kifayen ja.
Darajar abinci mai gina jiki da abun da ke cikin kalori
Sima nau'in nau'in kifi ne na ja, kuma ta wurin abubuwan amfani dashi ana iya kwatanta shi da kifi da kifin kifi. Ya ƙunshi kitse mai kitse na Omega-3 da Omega-6, waɗanda ke hana haɓakar atherosclerosis, amino acid wanda ke kare cutar kansa da ciwon sukari, selenium - bitamin wanda ke ba da jinkiri ga tsufa kuma yana ba da tsawon rai.
Ku ɗanɗani ingancin kifin
Sima kifi ne mai taushi, ƙanshinta na musamman ne. Kuna buƙatar dafa shi da sauri, idan kuka ɓace lokacin, zai juya ya bushe kuma ya rasa ruwan maye.
Ana samun dandano mai ban sha'awa tare da sims ɗin gishiri. A kan sandwiches, yana da alaƙa da caviar na salmon sockeye ko wasu kifin ja. Sabili da haka, yawancin lokuta ana salted gishiri, kuma bayan haka ana dafa shi a tsare ko a gasa shi a cikin batter. Kuma daga wannan kifin ana samun kunne mai daɗin ci, tare da ruwan hoda, mai daɗaɗɗen ƙasa a saman.
Sima: yadda ake dafa a cikin tanda da a cikin kwanon rufi
Ana samun simintin kayan lemu ta hanyar yin burodi a cikin tanda (a cikin tsare). Bugu da kari, zaku iya amfani da kowane kayan lambu, amma ya fi dacewa ku ɗauki tumatir da zucchini. Ruwan kayan lambu zai mamaye naman Sima, dandanorsa kuma zai zama da taushi.
Yanke kifi cikin steaks, 2.5 cm lokacin farin ciki, yayyafa ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami kuma aika zuwa firiji don ɗauka don akalla awa daya. A wannan lokacin, a yanka zucchini da tumatir cikin zobba na bakin ciki, kuma a rarraba iri ɗaya akan kowane takardar tsare. Sanya steaks a saman. Gishiri, barkono, kunsa kuma aika zuwa murhun preheated zuwa digiri 200 na minti 30.
Sim ɗin soyayyen ya zama bushe don mutane da yawa. Sabili da haka, kafin aika kifin a cikin kwanon rufi, dole ne a marin shi. Don yin wannan, na 1 kilogiram na sim, yankakken cikin yanki na yanki, zaka buƙaci: 250 ml na madara (ruwan da aka dafa), gishiri, barkono, dill bushe, 2-3 saukad da ruwan apple cider vinegar (giya na iya zama), 2-3 na tafarnuwa (matsi ta latsa). Shirya marinade daga sinadaran, cika su da kifi kuma ku bar a cikin zafin jiki a dakin 'yan awanni biyu.
Bayan lokacin da aka kayyade, an cire sim ɗin daga marinade. Ba tare da cire dill ko tafarnuwa daga yanki ba, mirgine kifin a cikin gari kuma aika zuwa kwanon soya mai zafi da man shanu. Toya har sai launin ruwan kasa na zinari a garesu. Sima (kifi) yana da yaji sosai, amma bayan marinade da madara, ɗanɗinta yafi dacewa. Cook a cikin kwanon rufi ba tare da murfi ba.
Yadda ake gishiri a kifi a cikin sa'o'i 12
Red kifi (ciki har da sim) yana riƙe da dukiyoyinsa masu amfani a cike kawai da nau'in gishiri. Duk sauran hanyoyin sarrafa shi ba su da fifiko.
Don sim - kifin, hoton wanda aka gabatar a sama - don dafa da sauri, ana yanke fillet ɗin ba fiye da 1 cm ba .. Don amfani da gishiri, ana amfani da gishiri da sukari a cikin rabo 1: 1. Ainihin adadin kayan ƙanshi ya dogara da nauyin kifin.
Sima kunne
Na farko tasa, wanda aka shirya daga kamun Sims daga masunta, shine kunne. An yi imanin cewa daga wannan wakilin dangin salmon ne yake samun mafi daɗin ci.
Abubuwan kayan abinci don miya sun haɗa da irin waɗannan samfuran (na 2 lita na ruwa): dankali - 700 g, albasa da karas, tafarnuwa, lemun tsami, dill, gishiri, barkono, sim. Hanyoyin girke-girke na dafa miya daga wasu nau'in kifaye a wannan yanayin basu dace ba, wanda ke da alaƙa da ɗanɗano na musamman nama. Idan kuka kara a cikin kwanon a kalla 'yan mintoci kaɗan a baya, kifin zai faɗi biyu.
Ina ne aka sami kifayen kifi?
Sima mazaunin ruwa ne na ruwan tekun Asiya na tekun Pasifik - daga Kogin Amur zuwa Tumen-ula. An samo shi sosai a cikin kwarin Tekun Japan. A cikin yanayin, akwai nau'i biyu na wannan kifin - ƙaura da mazaunin zama.
Ana iya samun wurin binciken:
- akan Sakhalin
- a Japan
- a tsibirin Kuril
- a cikin koguna na Primorye,
- a kudu da Kamchatka (a cikin adadi kaɗan kuma a lokacin lokacin balaga),
- a Busan
- a cikin kogin m.
Mahalli na Sim bai fi son ruwan teku ba, yana fifita zama a cikin koguna. Tana da ƙanƙanta fiye da takwarorinta na teku kuma suna rayuwa:
- a Japan
- a Taiwan
- akan Sakhalin
- in Primorye,
- a cikin yankin Khabarovsk.
Sima kifi
Yaƙin neman zaɓe Sims yana farawa a watan Afrilu kuma zai kasance har zuwa farkon farkon Yuli. A cikin Kamchatka, ana iya ja ta har zuwa ƙarshen Yuli. Sim ɗin yana zaɓar wani wuri don ƙasa tasa mai zurfi a cikin kogunan rafi da manyan rafuffukan da ke gudana a cikinsu. Abubuwan buƙatun asali don na'urar soket sune:
- mai rauni a halin yanzu
- kasancewar wani dutse ko dutse mai narkewa a kasa.
Da zarar sim ɗin ya isa wurin da ya dace, sai ya ci gaba da tafiya kai tsaye zuwa farauta, wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa farkon kaka. Bayan sim ya haifi 'ya, sai ya mutu.
Caviar wannan kifin ana ɗaukarsa haƙiƙanin ɗanye ne. Mafi yawa ana gishiri. Farashin kowane kilogram na sima caviar ya tashi daga 5,000 rubles a kowace kilogram.
Abubuwan amfani masu amfani da kifin sim
Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori na sim din low ne - kilo 20 na kilo 208 kacal a cikin 100 na samfurin, amma ya ƙunshi mai yawa da furotin, wanda kifin ya sami dandano na musamman. Kowane sima tasa zai zama mahimmanci a kan tebur don 'yan wasa da masu cin abinci.
Daga cikin kayan amfani na wannan kifin, Ina so in lura da farko:
- kasancewar Omega-3 da Omega-6 acid, wadanda basa bada izinin ci gaban atherosclerosis,
- kasancewar amino acid din da ke kare jiki daga cutar kanjamau da ciwon suga,
- Nama Sima tana dauke da sinadarin Vitamin Selenium mai saukin kamuwa, wanda ake amfani dashi na yau da kullun wanda zai jinkirta tsufa kuma zai ba da extraan shekaru na rayuwa.
Yadda zaka dafa sim
Ainihin, duk nau'in sim (kusan rubu'in uku) an salted kuma an sha. Ragowar rubu'in yana zuwa kantin sayar da kantin sayar da gawa wanda aka daskarewa ko kuma azaman samfuran da aka gama. Hakanan, ana yin balyk da abincin gwangwani daga sim. Dubi kuma: Yadda ake amfani da caviar salmon
Fro daskararre da samfuran da aka gama ƙarewa daga gare ta ana soyayyen a cikin kwanon rufi ko a bude wuta (barbecue, barbecue), dafaffen, gasa a cikin tanda, da dai sauransu. Don kada sim ɗin ya zama bushe, dole ne a tafasa shi kafin a soya, sannan a dafa da sauri, ba tare da ƙosar da shi a kan wuta ba. In ba haka ba, sim ɗin na iya rasa ruwan maye, kuma tare da shi shine dandano na musamman.
Sims Salting girke-girke
Akwai hanya mai sauri zuwa salts sims, wanda ba ya ɗaukar sama da awanni 12.
- Kifi a yanka a cikin yanka ba kauri 1 cm,
- An saka shi a cikin kwalin gilashi,
- Yayyafa tare da cakuda sukari da gishiri (1: 1),
- An rufe shi da kyau tare da murfi kuma an aika zuwa firiji.
- Bayan awa 12, kifin ya gama shirin ci.
SARKIN MULKIN SARKI
Kifin Sima mai ƙaura: yana zaune a cikin teku, mai kiwo cikin koguna. A Japan na samar da mazaunin zama a cikin koguna da tafkuna. Spawns sau ɗaya a rayuwar, bayan wannan ya mutu.
Yana faruwa a Amur daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta, a gundumar Posyetsky - a watan Satumba, a Japan - a watan Satumba - Oktoba. Spawning yana faruwa a zazzabi na 7-12 °, a kan ƙaramin ƙanƙara wanda aka binne ƙwai.
Haihuwa shine qwai dubu 1.4-5,2, matsakaici na qwai dubu 3.2.
Caviar, kamar dukkan kifi, yana ƙasa. Veniaƙƙarfan yarinyar sun yi kama da rafi a cikin kogin har zuwa shekara guda, suna kai tsawon ƙira sama da 10 cm, wani lokacin ma sau 18-20 cm.Jaragidan wannan girman suna da manyan rabeffen baƙin fata 7-11 a gefunan jikin.
Sima ya kai tsawon 71 cm da nauyin 9 kg.
Girman kifayen kifin Sim ɗin sun sha bamban a yankuna daban-daban. A cikin gundumar Posyetsky, tsawonsa shine 52-68 cm, a matsakaici 61 cm, nauyin 4 kilogiram, a cikin kogin. Cumin mai gudana a cikin Tatar Strait, tsayinsa ya kai cm cm da nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 9 (matsakaici: tsayin 60-63 cm, kilogiram 4-5.5), a cikin ƙananan ƙananan kogin Amur 46-67 cm, matsakaita 54-57 cm, nauyi -1.6-3.2 kilogiram, kimanin kilogram 2.3.
Tsarin ruwa na mazaunan cikin ruwan kifin na Sim ya kai tsawon cm 28 kawai. Yawancin lokaci Sim yana farfadowa a cikin na uku, ƙasa da yawa a cikin shekara ta huɗu na rayuwa. Namiji na Sims a cikin kogi ya isa lokacin samartaka tun tsawon kamu 18 cm.
Sima kaddara ce, kamar sauran kifin tsibirin Pacific.
Sauran nau'ikan halittar Oncorhynchus sune salmon ruwan hoda da sauransu.
Sima ita ce farkon salmon mai ƙaura zuwa Amur bayan buɗe ta, a wasu shekaru daga farkon May, yawanci daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa farkon Yuni. Kamar kifin kifi mai ruwan hoda, kuma ba kamar salin kifi ba, yana zuwa Amur daga kudu, daga Tekun Japan. Tsawon hanya a cikin ƙananan ƙananan kogin Amur a tsakiyar watan Yuli, ƙarshen - a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta.
A cikin Amur, samfuran guda ɗaya sun tashi kilomita 300-400 sama da Nikolaevsk. Yara na jujjuyawa cikin teku a lokacin da ya kai shekara daya ko fiye.
FISHING SIMA
Ana hakar Sima ne kawai tsakanin Rasha, Korea da Japan. Yankin na Jafananci ya kai masu santin dubu 292 a cikin 1915 (a cikin 1923-1925 ba su wuce mil dubu 126 ba, kuma a cikin 1936-1938 sun faɗi ƙwalla dubu ɗari), tare da mafi yawan girbi daga Hokkaido. A Koriya, kamun da aka kama ya kai tan 8 zuwa dubu 8 zuwa 26 (1936-1939).
A cikin ruwa na Rasha, sim ɗin yana da kaɗan, kuma kamunsa ya kai tan 6,9 dubu (1936-1939), mafi yawan waɗanda suka kama sun kasance a cikin kogin. Tumnin, gaba a pp. Naku, Botchi, Samarga. Sima magana ce ta kiwo ta wucin gadi.
Fasaha da hanya ta kamun kifi
Ana kama sim ɗin a yayin da ake gyarawa da raga (a Japan kuma ta hanyar raga).
Uku uku na jimlar kama ana bi da su tare da matsakaici ko salting mai ƙarfi, wani lokacin bire shan taba. Angare na abin da aka kama yana ƙanƙan-ice zuwa kasuwa.
Zuwa karamin amfani da shi don shirye-shiryen samfuran balyk. Caviar yana da gishiri.
Bayanin
Sima tana kama da salmon, amma tana da mafi girman maganganun furotin da kuma ratsi mai duhu a gefuna na jikin mutum, har ma a cikin kifin manya. A cikin mutane daban-daban, sun kasance rasberi. A cikin ƙwanƙolin fin III-IV (V) 10-13 haskoki, a cikin dubura III-IV 11-14 (15) (mafi yawa 12), gill stamens 18-22, gill has 11-15, pyloric appendages 35-76, vertebrae 63 -64 (yawanci 63), 66. Sikeli shine babba, a cikin layin 130-140.
Namiji da ya manyanta suna da saƙa-mai-saƙa. Jikin sim gaba daya yana da yawa sosai, tsayinsa ya kasance daga 28 zuwa 31% na tsawon jikin. Humaunar mutum mai girma tana girma cikin maza yayin tsallakewa, kuma ga alama sun fi hakan girma daga wannan. Babban muƙamuƙi yayi tsayi da lanƙwasa da ƙugiya. Babban hakora suna girma a kan jaws.
Launi
A cikin teku, launi launi ne na azurfa. Ko da a cikin kifi na manya, an kiyaye manyan igiyoyi a jiki, adadi 8-11, a cikin mutane da ke shiga kogin suna da haske, a cikin duhu, a cikin maza yakan fi haske fiye da mace. A bayansa akwai ƙananan baƙin da ke zagaye. A gindin dorsal fin 3 duhu aibobi. Wasu lokuta ƙananan baƙaƙe na fata akan ƙyallen ƙyallen, ƙyallen caodal da adipose ƙone. A saman cin hanci da rashawa na baya da na wucin gadi na samari ne. Bayan mace ta isa filaye, mace ta canza canje-canje iri biyu a launi da sifa. Haske har da launi ya koma fari.
Sims girma da nauyi
Tsawon muƙamuƙin babba a cikin maza shine 14.9-17.1, a cikin mata 12.6-13,2% na tsayin jikin mutum (har zuwa ƙarshen haskoki na tsakiyar C). Girman dutsen yana raguwa sosai tare da tsufa: a cikin samari (har zuwa 200 mm) 20-30% ne na tsawon kai, kuma a cikin manya yana raguwa zuwa kusan 10%. A cikin yara, akwai 6-1 duhu mai gangara aibobi a tarnaƙi na jiki, babu tabo a kan ƙarancin yatsa da caudal ƙeƙasasshen, da kuma 1-2 baƙar fata a kusa da ɗalibin.
Tsawon (har zuwa ƙarshen haskoki na tsakiyar C) na manya maza daga kogin. Tumnin (yana gudana zuwa Tataccen Tatar) a matsakaita 63 cm (matsakaicin 71 cm), nauyi akan matsakaicin 5.5 kg (mafi girman kilo 9.0), mace akan matsakaita 60.5 cm (matsakaicin 67 cm), nauyi akan matsakaici 4, 0 kg (mafi girman kilo 6.0). A cikin gundumar Posyetsky (kusa da kan iyaka: tare da Koriya) an kuma kama babban sim: mata sunkai 52-68 cm. A cikin ƙananan ƙwararrun Amur, masu girma dabam sun fi girma: maza 46-67 cm, a matsakaita na 56.8 cm, nauyi 1.8-3.2 kg, a kan matsakaici Kilogiram 2.3, mace 47-62 cm, matsakaici na 54.4 cm, nauyi 1.6-3.1 kg, matsakaici na 2.3 kg.
Yaɗa
Hayewa da kuma ruwa mai kyau na gabar tekun Bahar Rum, suna zaune ne kawai a gabar Tekun Asiya tun daga gabar Koriya da Japan (Hokkaido da Honshu) zuwa Amur, Sakhalin da yammacin gabar Kamchatka. An gabatar da fom na mazaunin a cikin tabkuna da koguna, gami da Taiwan da tsibirin Ryukyu, a kan Tsibirin Koriya da kuma Japan.
Rayuwa
Bayan buɗewar Amur Sim, farkon sashin salmon yana shiga cikin kogin - a wasu shekaru a farkon May, yawanci daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa farkon watan Yuni. Kamar kifin kifi mai ruwan hoda, kuma ba kamar kifin kifi ba, yana shiga Amur daga kuduway, wato, daga Tekun Japan. Yaya girmansa ya hau, ba a sani ba. Yana da siffofin dwarf ruwa mai tsafta. Yunkurin ya fara ne a farkon watan Mayu, kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa farkon Satumba. Ba ta hau girma cikin koguna, amma tana wuce kima mai ruwan hoda.
Balaga
Sima wani nau'in kayan ado ne na yau da kullun: ya kai ga lokacin balaga sau uku yawanci a cikin na 3, ƙasa da yawa a cikin shekara ta 4. Mazajen Dwarf suna girma a tsayin 10-22 cm, suna yin kimanin 88 g a lokacin yana da shekaru 1-2. A Japan, da kuma mata masu sims na mata sun isa ga balaga, wadanda suke cikin ingantaccen ruwa.
Yaduwa da Masu
Tana shiga cikin kogunan tun farkon salmon (a watan Mayu-Yuli). Ciyarwa a ƙarshen Yuli-Satumba (a kudu har zuwa Oktoba). Tsawon hanya a cikin ƙananan isa: Amur ya fadi a tsakiyar watan Yuli, ƙarshen - a cikin rabin na biyu na Yuli, farkon watan Agusta. Ciyarwa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan Amur tun ƙarshen Yuli. Yawan qwai akan matsakaita guda 3200. A cikin gundumar Posyetsky, hanyar ta wuce daga Amur, daidai a tsakiyar tsakiyar watan Agusta kuma a ƙarshen wannan watan, yana ɓarkewa a tsakiyar ƙarshen Satumba. Ana yin shinge a saman kogunan kogi. An sanya Caviar a cikin bukkoki a kan kasa mai sauƙaƙe-silty. Matsakaicin fecundity na 3.2 dubu qwai. Bayan tsallakewa, kifaye suka mutu, dwarf dansu zasu iya rayuwa kaɗan kuma su zame cikin teku.
Ci gaba
Caviar yana tasowa a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 50-70. Bayan kwanaki 25-30, aibobi masu duhu masu duhu suna bayyana akan ɓangarorin soya, hakora suna bayyana. Matasa sun fito daga ƙasa a cikin Maris-Afrilu. A ƙarshen Yuli, ƙananan yara sun kai girman 40 mm. Matasan Sims suna kasancewa na dogon lokaci a cikin kogin, kusan shekara guda, wanda ya kai tsawon mil 100, wani lokacin 180-200 mm. A cikin ƙananan yara na wannan girman, a gaɓoɓin jikin mutum akwai 7-11 manyan raɗaɗɗa raɗaɗɗan raɗaɗi, manyan rafuka 3 a saman ƙarshen ɓarna mai ɓarna, ƙananan wuraren zagaye a kan baya sama da ratsa jiki, wani lokacin akwai wurare masu zagaye kuma a ƙasa da ratsi na transverse, a gindin dorsal fin akwai 3 duhu aibobi insashin ƙyallen ba su da launi, wani lokacin ma saƙar fata a gindin ƙashin ƙyallen take. Jiki yana da girma, fin fin tare da tenderloin, yana raguwa da shekaru. Matasa kifi 50-60 mm mai tsayi an canza shi don kaiwa da kuma sassan sassan ɓangaren kogin. A cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, wani ɓangare na ƙananan yara suna zamewa cikin teku. Stingray a cikin teku fara daga bazara.
Darajar tattalin arziki
A Rasha, sim ɗin yayi ƙanana. A cikin Amur, ba a kama shi da yawa, kuma a nan an yi rikodin shi a cikin kama a matsayin ruwan kifi mai ruwan hoda. Kama yayin aikin gyarawa da saitin raga. Kashi uku na kamun yana sarrafa jakadan ne, an kawo wani sashi na kamun kifi zuwa kasuwa a kirim. Caviar yana da gishiri.
Tunani:
1. Lebedev V.D., Spanovskaya V.D., Savvaitova K.A., Sokolov L.I., Tsepkin E.A. Kifi na USSR. Moscow, Tunani, 1969
2. L. S. Berg. Kifi mai ban ruwa na USSR da kasashe makwabta. Kashi na 1. Edition 4. Moscow, 1948
3. Atlas na kifi mai ruwa a Rasha: A cikin kundin 2. T.1. / Ed. Yu.S. Reshetnikova. -M.: Nauka, 2003 .-- 379 p.: Rashin lafiya.