Don jan hankalin mace, maza sun gina gida daga sanduna da sauran kayan shuka. Suna yin kwalliyar halittun su da berries da bawo, kuma wasu ma suna rawa a gaban ƙofar.

Tsuntsayen lambun suna gina bukkoki irin wannan girman da mutum zai iya jan ciki da su.

Pergolas wanda maza suka gina ba sa amfani da mace don kwanciya da ƙwai da kuma kajin, saboda wannan, mace da kansu suna da mazaunin gida.

Bukka Satin tana da ban sha'awa da gidan ku da furanni shuɗi, fuka-fukai har ma maɓallin kwalban.

Gandun daji da ke cikin New Guinea da arewacin da gabashin Ostiraliya suna gida game da kusan nau'ikan 18 na waɗannan wakilan. Don kwatantawa, hankaka, akwai kusan nau'ikan 117.

Tare da haɓaka kusan 36 cm, babban bukka mafi girma shine mafi girman wakilcin wannan iyali kuma yana zaune a arewacin Ostiraliya.

Gidajen suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, berries, tsaba, kwari, da sauran ƙananan halittu.

Mace na kula da kajinanta ita kadai, akwai daga daya zuwa uku daga cikinsu.

Wani tsuntsu arbor ya zana gidansa mai launin rawaya, ta amfani da cakuda yau da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ganye.

Tsuntsayen cat kuma suna cikin gidan tsuntsayen bukkoki. Suna da sunan su godiya ga sautikan da yayi kama da sautin da suka yi.

Bayanin

A waje, tsuntsayen arbor, ko bukkoki, suna kama da sihirin mu, amma bambance-bambancen har yanzu suna da yawa.

Don haka, matan suna kama da su da gaske, saboda suna da ɗan ƙarami, launi mara nauyi na duhu inuwar launin shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa tare da ƙaramin launin shuɗi da shuɗi. Kuma an rufe su da baƙin baki.

Maza sun bambanta sosai da launi na waje daga mata. Suna da kusan gashin tsuntsaye mai haske, waɗanda a cikin haske shimmer tare da launuka masu launin shuɗi da shuɗi. Gabaɗaya, launi na tsuntsayen ba mai haske bane. Koyaya, maza nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu suna da crests a kawunansu. Maƙallan sanannen sanannen kamanninsu ne, amma saboda halayensu. Gabaɗaya, idan aka kwatanta da yawancin nau'in tsuntsaye na wurare masu zafi, bukkoki sun bambanta da launi mai kyau da kamannin gaba ɗaya.

Girman bukka (tsuntsu) ƙananan. Tsawon tsayi, sun kai kusan cm 20-35. Maza sun ɗan girma fiye da na mace. A Ostiraliya da New Guinea, akwai kusan nau'in wannan nau'in tsuntsayen, kuma jimlar adadin nau'in tsuntsayen takwas ne kawai.

Siffofin Bayyanar Su

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mace tana da launin fatar fuka-fukai, inda launin shuɗi yake da rinjaye, kuma maza sun fi duhu, tare da matsayin ƙyalli. Amma ga kajin, su, a matsayin mai mulkin, lokacin haihuwa suna da launi daidai da mahaifiyarsu.

Kamar yadda nestlings ke girma, launinsu na iya canzawa sosai kuma ya zama ba kawai haske fiye da na mahaifiyarsu ba, har ma ya fi kyau fiye da launuka mahaifinsu.

Bukka ta Bird: salon rayuwa

Maza da mata na wannan nau'in suna da yawan aure fiye da ɗaya, suna da mata da yawa. A lokaci guda, maza sun cimma tsarin mace ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ɗayan manyan kuma shine rawar kiɗa. Utsoye a yayin halin yanzu na jawo hankalin mata da maza ba kawai ta hanyar rawa ba.

Hanya mafi girma ta samun inda mata suke ita ce ta zama mazaunin gida, saboda abin da ake kiransu bukkoki na tsuntsu. Maza suna gina gida daga rassa, ganye, da sauran ƙananan abubuwa waɗanda za'a iya samu a cikin gandun daji.

Daga haɓakawa na ma'ana suna gina gaba ɗaya waɗanda ba a taɓa ganin su ba, waɗanda wani lokacin suna da sabon salo. Suna zaune kai tsaye a ƙasa kuma galibi suna da nau'in bukka ko wani abu mai kama da baka.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, an kawata bukka tare da abubuwa masu haske iri-iri don jawo hankalin mutane sosai. Zai iya zama berries, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, namomin kaza da furanni. Duk wani abu mai haske zai iya wucewa don ƙawata gida. Mafi tsananin haske, mafi girman damar samun nasara.

Kodayake waɗannan waƙoƙan galibi suna yin kuskure ga mazaunan tsuntsaye, wannan ba haka bane. Wannan wurin an yi niyya ne na musamman don dabbar ta hanyar canjin kwari, kuma an shirya ciyayi kai tsaye don ciyar da zuriya a jikin bishiyoyi.

Siffofi da mazauninsu

Bukka Gidan dangin gazebos ne, kuma makusantan dangi shine, kash, baƙi ne, dukda cewa girman bukkoki sun fi girma girma (daga 25 zuwa 35 santimita a tsayi), kuma nauyin manyan wakilai ya kai kilogram kwata.

Tsuntsu yana da katako mai karfi sosai, wanda aka sa ido a kai tsaye a cikin sashin layi na sama, paws suna da bakin ciki da tsawo, yayin da suke gajere. Launin launin shuɗi a cikin bukkoki na mata daban daban sun bambanta sosai: launin maza yana da haske da ban mamaki fiye da na mace, yawanci tare da fifikon shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.

A cikin hoton maza da mata

Idan ka duba a cikin hoton bukka, zaku iya ganin cewa zubewar mace yawanci yana da yawancin launin kore a cikin ɓangaren sama, fuka-fuki da ƙananan jikinsu masu launin shuɗi-ko launin shuɗi-kore a launi.

Nuna a cikin tsuntsaye suna da ƙarfi sosai, galibi suna ja. Ana haihuwar kyankyasai tare da launi wanda ke maimaita canza launi na macen da ta ɗauke su, amma akan lokaci zai iya canzawa sosai. Kusa da ginin beak a cikin manya akwai wani girke-girke, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan gashin fuka-fukai waɗanda suke yin aikin kare abubuwan buɗe hanci.

Hoton satin mai hoto

Zuwa yanzu, an san nau'ikan bukka goma sha bakwai, kuma yankin da aka rarraba su ya faɗi ne a kan yankin Australiya, New Guinea da wasu tsibiran da ke kusa.

Bukka Satin yana daya daga cikin abubuwanda suka zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi kai tsaye a gabashin yankin gabashin Australiya daga Victoria zuwa Kudancin Queensland.

Daga cikin sauran wakilan bukkoki, Satin - su fito fili suyi fice mai daɗin haske. Sun fi so su zauna a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, tsakanin bishiyoyi eucalyptus da acacias.

Don samun cikakken hoto na bayyanar waɗannan tsuntsayen, ya fi kyau a ziyarci mazauninsu na asali, amma idan ba zato ba tsammani ba ku da irin wannan dama, to ya isa ku iyakance kanku ga albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta hanyar duba, alal misali, hoton shahararren ɗan wasa John Gould. "Bukka ta Fiery».

Gidan Bird. Bayanan Ban sha'awa

Gaskiya ne mai ban sha'awa cewa Turawan mulkin mallaka na Turai, waɗanda suka fara zuwa Australia, sun yi matukar mamakin ganin ɓoyayyun asalin da ba su da tushe a cikin gandun daji. Na dogon lokaci ba wanda zai iya fahimtar menene wannan kuma me yasa.

An gabatar da ra'ayoyi da yawa game da asalinsu, saboda, hakika, bai taɓa faruwa ga kowa ba cewa tsuntsayen suna iya yin irin wannan tsarin. Abinda akafi ɗauka shine ra’ayin Kyaftin Stokes, wanda yayi tunanin cewa bukkoki ayyukan yan karkara ne waɗanda suka basu damar nishadantar da yaransu.

Har ila yau, akwai wani ra'ayi wanda Gwamna, Sir George Gray ya gabatar, wanda ya yi imanin cewa bukkokin suna gina kangaroo. Ba'a san takamaiman abin da Grey ya jagoranta ba, yana ɗaukar irin wannan zato. Wataƙila, kangaroo yayi kamar bashi da wata halitta da har ya yarda cewa zasu iya komai.

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

Bukka ta Australiya yana ciyar da rayuwarsa gaba daya a cikin gandun daji mai yawa tsakanin gandun daji. An bambanta jirgin tsuntsaye ta hanyar ƙarfin hali, motsawa da saurin gudu. Gidaje galibi suna zaune su kadai, wasu lokuta suna ɓacewa cikin ƙananan garken. Muhimmin bangare na lokacin da tsuntsu yake ciyarwa kai tsaye a cikin iska, yana saukowa kasa kawai lokacin lokacin kiwo.

Bukkawan zinare ta Australiya

Maza suna zaune shi kaɗai suna da yankinsu, wanda suke kiyayewa koyaushe. Lokacin girbi bukkoki a cikin garken yana faruwa a cikin hunturu, lokacin da tsuntsaye suke neman abinci, suna barin yankin gandun daji kuma suna zuwa sarari.

Hoto wani mazaunin bukka ne

A wannan lokacin, hare-haren tsuntsaye akan wasu lambuna, filaye da gonakin gona ba sabon abu bane. Kamawa ya zama gama gari bukkawan tsuntsaye don fitarwa da shi waje da gabashin Ostiraliya don ƙarin ma'amala, duk da haka, a yau irin wannan nau'in ayyukan haramun ne kuma hukumomin ƙasar ke sarrafa su. Koyaya, a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata mazaunin yana raguwa da sauri.

Daga tsakiya har zuwa ƙarshen bazara, maza suna cikin aiki sosai. Haka kuma gida bukka ba ya, fifita aikin bukka a cikin wannan tsari, wanda a zahiri, ƙaddamar da wasannin kiwo za su faru - canjin canjin.

Kafin a ci gaba da aikin bukka, namiji da farko ya zaɓi wurin da yafi dacewa, yana share shi kuma bayan wannan ya ci gaba ne daga bangon. Sau da yawa a tsakiyar shafin akwai karamin itace, wanda ke aiki azaman goyan baya don tsarin nan gaba.

Maza suna yin ado da nasu gine-gine tare da taimakon abubuwa daban-daban, waɗanda suke nema a zahiri a ko'ina cikin gandun daji har ma da ƙari. Ana amfani da komai: gashin fuka-fukai, bawo, sikirin dazuƙa, da kuma kowane irin abubuwa masu launuka, waɗanda bukkoki suke da m.

Idan taron ya kasance cewa mazaunin ɗan adam suna kusa, tsuntsaye sukan tafi can don bincika abubuwa don ƙira, wanda zai iya haɗawa da: kayan ado, kayan adon gashi, maballin gashi, maballin, maɓallin alewa, alkalami daga allon alkalami, da ƙari mai yawa. Babban abu shine cewa waɗannan abubuwan suna da launi na halitta kuma an samu nasarar haɗasu tare da ginin ginin gaba ɗaya.

Gidaje galibi suna yin kwalliyar gidajensu da sharan mutane

Matsalolin

Gasar wurin tsuntsaye shine gandun daji na arewa maso gabashin Australia da New Guinea. Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa ciyawar itace babbar matsalar muhalli ga bukka.

Wannan matsalar tana da saurin damuwa a yau ga gwamnatin Ostareliya, tunda ba makabarta kadai ba, har ma da sauran dabbobi masu alamuran nahiyar suna fama da hakan.

Tabbas, ban da rage yanayin dabi'ar tsuntsaye, akwai wasu matsaloli. Misali, gurbataccen iska, wanda kuma yayi mummunan tasiri ga tsuntsaye. Wannan ya shafi asalin dabbobi, waɗanda suka zama ƙasa da yara fiye da da.

Kiwo

Balaga ta jima'i a mazaunin maza tana faruwa ne da kimanin shekaru 6-7. Matan sun girma da sauri sosai kuma suna shirye don dabbar ta hanyar canjin ciki da kiwo tuni cikin shekaru 2-3.

Lokacin kiwo a cikin tsuntsaye ya kai kimanin shekara daya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu a tsakani daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba, lokacin da damuna ta kasance a cikin ƙasan kudu.

Lokaci guda, bukar mace na iya kwanciya har zuwa qwai uku (galibi 1-2), kuma aikin sikelin yakan dauki kimanin makwanni uku. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo lokacin ciyarwa. Mace tana girma kajin shi kaɗai, namiji baya cikin ɗaukar tarbiyyar su.

Watanni biyu bayan haka, kajin suna koyon tashi da barin gida, fara yin rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Sun riga sun shirya sosai don rayuwa a waje da gidan iyayen. Koyaya, ba za su iya haihuwa ba da daɗewa ba, don haka yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen suna girma sosai a hankali, kuma saboda matsalolin muhalli, yawan tsuntsayen yana raguwa koyaushe.

A karkashin yanayin halitta, tsawon rayuwar tsuntsayen bukkoki, a matsayin mai mulkin, kusan shekaru 8 ke nan. A wuraren kiwon dabbobi da sauran wuraren da tsuntsaye suke ƙarƙashin saɓanin ɗan adam, suna iya rayuwa da yawa.

Kammalawa

Gidaje sune shimfidar tsuntsaye na musamman waɗanda aka samo kawai a kan yankin ɗaya. Halinsu ma abu ne mai ban mamaki, tunda kusan babu kowa a duniyar dabba da ke yin irin waɗannan tsarukan.

Yanayin wannan tsuntsu mai ban sha'awa yana sa shi da ban sha'awa sosai ga nazarin masana game da masana kimiyyar kere-kere daga ko'ina cikin duniya, saboda haka masana kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna zuwa Australia da New Guinea a kai a kai don gudanar da abubuwan lura da bukkoki.

Saboda ba yanayin yanayin yanayin rayuwa mafi kyau, yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen suna raguwa da sauri. Mahukuntan kasar na matukar fafutuka da wannan matsala, amma yanayin tsuntsayen ya ke da matukar wahala. A yau, yawancin wuraren kiwon dabbobi da wuraren adon dabbobi suna farin cikin siyan waɗannan tsuntsayen akan jerin su.

Wataƙila matakan da aka ɗauka ta fannoni daban-daban na jihohi da masu zaman kansu don ceton waɗannan nau'ikan zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa tsuntsayen sun daina zuwa ƙarshen ƙarewa, kuma adadin jama'arsu suna zaune lafiya.

Yana da wuya a yi tunanin yadda rayuwa take da mahimmanci, kuma, a gwargwadon haka, kiyaye wannan nau'in tsuntsayen shine, bayan duk, dabba ce mai ƙima.

Cutar halittar tsuntsu

Launin maza da na mata ya sha bamban. Maza yawanci suna haske, launin yana mamaye shuɗi mai duhu. Mace sun fi sauƙi, galibi inuwa masu launin shuɗi. Idanun waɗannan tsuntsayen kuma daban ne. Iris daga shuɗi zuwa shunayya. Dogo mai ƙarfi da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi tare da yatsun gajere.

Hut Bird Face Mask

Tsuntsayen bukkoki suna zaune shi kaɗai, kuma a cikin hunturu ne kawai suke yin ɓarna cikin garken kuma suna iya barin gandun daji neman abinci. Mafi yawancin lokacinsu, tsuntsaye suna guduwa. Su ne sosai Hardy a cikin jirgin. Landasa don ɗan gajeren lokaci, gami da don mating. Maza na iya samun yankunansu kuma suna kiyaye su.

Daga tsakiyar bazara, maza suka fara gina bukkoki. Da farko, sun share wuri a ginin, daga nan suka fara gina ganuwar kuma suna yin ado a bukka. Ana amfani da mafi yawan kayan ado iri-iri. Duk abin da za'a iya samu a cikin gandun daji mai haske shine gashin fuka-fuka, berries, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, bawo, fuka-fukin gwoza da abubuwa masu kyawu. Idan akwai mazaunin mutane kusa da nan, to tsuntsaye na iya satar kayan adon mata, kayan kyandir, aski da duk wani abu da zai ja hankalin su. Haka kuma, launi mai launi shuɗi a cikin kayan ado wanda ya jawo hankalin su yafi. Kuma yawancin kayan ado shine mafi yawanci kawai shuɗi.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Gida yana ciyar da tumatir da andan fruitsan itace, wasu lokuta kuma yana ƙara invertebrates a cikin abincinsa. Suna samun abinci a duniya da a kan bishiyoyi. A cikin hunturu, sau da yawa tsuntsaye dole suyi cikin kananan garkuna (kusan mutane 60), kuma su bar mazauninsu na al'ada, suna shiga cikin fili don ganima.