A Argentina, sunan "ɗan fashin teku" na maharbi wanda ya saci shanu kuma ya ci shanu, da "lamban rago," an ƙarfafa shi don zorro. A zahiri, dabbobi dabbobi ne mai saurin cinyewa ga zorro. Babban abincin su: ƙwayoyin dabba, bera-kamar, wasu ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsuntsaye, kwari da berries.
A cikin ƙasashen da Zorro suke da yawa, an yarda da farauta. Ainihin, kamun kifin an yi shi ne don samar da fatalwa mai tauri da taushi.
Phylogeny da abun da ke ciki na kungiyar
Duk da mahimmancin suna game da kwayoyin halittaka da mafi yawan wakilai, bisa ga ra'ayoyin zamani game da dabi'ar iyalin canine, alakar Zorro da dabi'ar Lisits (Vulpes) cikin kabilu daban-daban na dangi.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, babu wata yarjejeniya game da matsayin asalin: wasu masu bincike sun haɗu da shi da fokland fok († Dusicyon australis) ake kira Dusicyon, wasu sun kasu gida biyu Pseudalopex da Lycalopex.
Jerin nau'ikan dabbobi
- Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus)
- Darwin FoxLycalopex fulvipes)
- Ta Kudu Amurka Grey Fox (Lycalopex griseus)
- Karin Pampassa (Gidan wasan motsa jiki na Lycalopex)
- Sechuran Fox (Lycalopex sechurae)
- Foda launin toka (Lycalopex vetulus)
Duba menene "Zorro (canis)" yake a cikin wasu ƙamus.
Short-Eared Zorro -? Short-Eared Zorro Gidan Sarautar Kimiyya: Dabbobi ... Wikipedia
Short-Eared Zorro -? Short-Eared Zorro Gidan Sarautar Kimiyya: Nau'in Dabbobi: Yankuna ... Wikipedia
Wolves -? Canids Red Wolf (Cuon alpinus) Masarautar rarrabuwa na kimiya: Nau'in dabbobi ... Wikipedia
Fox launin toka -? Argentine launin toka fox Kingdom rarrabuwa Masarautar… Wikipedia
Fochuran Sechuran -? Mulkin masarautar kimiyya ta Sechuran Fox: Dabbobin… Wikipedia
Dawakai -? Mulkin Grey Fox Gasar ilimin kimiyya: Nau'in Dabbobi: Chordata Class: Dabbobi masu shayarwa ... Wikipedia
Culpeo -? Culpeo Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) Tsarin Mulki ... Wikipedia
Fon Andean -? Culpeo Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) Masarautar rarrabuwa ta kimiya: Nau'in dabbobi ... Wikipedia
Fokland fox -? Kingdom Falkland Fox Fox Kingdom Kingdom: Nau'in dabbobi: Nau'in: Cibiyoyi ... Wikipedia
Fakkunan Falkland -? Kingdom Falkland Fox Fox Kingdom Kingdom: Nau'in dabbobi: Nau'in: Cibiyoyi ... Wikipedia
Bayyanar
Iyalin sun haɗu da masu farauta na yau da kullun, a matsayin mai mulkin, babba da ƙarami. Tsayin tsayin jiki daga 18-22 cm (Fenech) da 50 cm (ƙananan dawakai) zuwa 160 cm (kyarkeci). Jikin yana da elongated. Shugaban yana da tsawo, kunnuwa sun yi daidai. Yatsun yatsu 5 a kan kafafun gaban, 4 a kan kafafu na baya, kawai karen da yake da sifiri yana da 4 a ƙafafunsa na gaba, wani lokacin kuma yatsunsu 5 a kan kafafun baya na karnukan gida. Claws ne m, ba retractable. Jawo mai kauri ne, yawanci ana ruwa. Wutsiya tana da tsayi, fiye da fluasa da ƙima. Launin rigar tana da bambanci: bayyananniya, mottled, hange, wani lokacin mai haske sosai.
Bayanin Zorro Azar
Wannan fox din matsakaici ne da kuma irin nau'in dawakai. Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayin mutum shine santimita 62, nauyin kuma yana daga kilo 4.2 zuwa 6.5. Maza sun fi 10% girma fiye da mace.
Furancin Paraguay (Pseudalopex gymnocercus).
Wutsiya ya yi kauri, a gindi kuma goshi baƙi ne. Zorro, wanda ke zaune a arewa mai iyaka, yana da launi mai haske fiye da takwarorinsu na kudanci.
Mayafin Zorro Azar yana da launin toka, ofashin sutturar jiki yana da wuta. Ana jefa kai, baya na kafafu da kunnuwa cikin jan launi.
A gefen bangarorin suna nuna alamar baƙi. Dangane da wadannan alamomin, Zorro Azara ya bambanta da dan uwansa kulpeo.
Akwai aibobi biyu na baƙi a wutsiya: Wuri ɗaya yana wurin, gindin na biyu kuma shine ƙarshen wutsiya.
Juyin Halitta
Carnivores (Carnivora) ya samo asali ne daga Miacoidea (Miacoidea) kimanin shekaru miliyan 50 da suka gabata a cikin Late Paleocene. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 50 da suka shude, masu rarrabuwar sun kasu kashi biyu: Canine (Caniformia) da cat-like (Feliformia). Shekaru miliyan 40, sanannen wakilcin wakilin canines ya wanzu - progesperionProilsperocyon wilsoni) samu a kudu maso yammacin Texas. Burbushin nasa ya kasance yana hade da fasalulluka wadanda ke nuna hakika kasancewar canines: hakora tare da ɓarin motsi na uku wanda ya ɓace (yanayin gabaɗayan yankan kwari) da halayyar kumburin ƙasusuwa game da ƙasan tympanic. Dangane da abin da aka sani game da zuriyarsa, kusancin progesperiation wataƙila yana da wata gabar jiki fiye da magabata, tare da layi ɗaya, yatsun da aka sanya a hankali, da bambanci da beyar.
Iyalin gidan ba da daɗewa ba sun kasafta gida uku na ƙasa da ke watsuwa cikin Eocene: Hesperocyoninae (Hesperocyoninae), wanda ya kasance shekaru miliyan 39.74-15 da suka wuce, da Borofaginae (Borofaginae) - shekaru miliyan 34-2 da suka gabata, da kuma Wolf (Caninae) - shekaru miliyan 34-0 komawa zuwa ga canids na yanzu (karnuka, dawakai, mayu, karnuka da karnukan gida). Duk waɗannan rukunoni sun nuna haɓaka nauyin jikin mutum a kan lokaci kuma, wani lokacin, abinci na musamman na hyperhid, wanda ya sa suka zama kusan ƙarewa. Kayan wolf kadai ya rayu har wa yau.
A cikin Oligocene, dukkanin ƙananan inuwar ruwa uku na ruwa suna bayyana a cikin burbushin tarihin Arewacin Amurka. Yankin farko kuma mafi ingancin reshe shine mai cuta, ciki har da mesocion, dabba ce girman coyote (shekaru 38-24 da suka gabata). Wadannan kayan tallafin farko sun samo asali ne, watakila tare da manufar hanzarta bin ganima a cikin al'ummomin ciyawa, a bayyanar sun yi kama da na zamani. Hesperionic ya lalace a tsakiyar Miocene. Ofaya daga cikin wakilan farkon Hesperionic, HALITARionic (Hesperocyon), ya ba da izini ga archeo-art (Archaeocyon) da kuma kwamfuta ()Leptocyon) Wadannan rassan sun haifar da borofagins da juyin halitta na canids.
Kimanin miliyan 10 - 9 da suka shude, a cikin Late Miocene, sauyin juzu'i na canids a kudu maso yammacin Arewacin Amurka ya haifar da rarraba Wolves (Canis), dawakai dawakaiUrocyonda dawakaiVulpes) Nasarar waɗannan garkuwar tana da alaƙa da haɓaka ƙananan hakora, masu iya yankan da tauna. Kimanin miliyan 8 da suka shude, Beringia ta buɗe hanyar zuwa Eurasia.
A lokacin Pliocene, kimanin shekaru miliyan 4-5 da suka gabata, ya bayyana a Arewacin Amurka Canis lepophagus, karamar dabba koyote-kamar dabba tare da halayen halayen biyu coyote da wolf. Tsammani cewa daga Canis lepophagus akwai wani coyote. Kirkirar Isthmus na Panama kimanin shekaru miliyan 3 da suka gabata sun haɗa Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin, yana ba da damar ganuwar ta mamaye wata ƙasa ta daban.
Kimanin miliyan 1.8-1.5 da suka shude, da Edward Wolf (Canis edwardii), babu shakka mallakar Wolves. Wani ja wolf ya bayyana (Canis rufus) - yiwu zuriyar kai tsaye Canis edwardii. Kimanin shekaru 800,000 da suka wuce, ƙyar Ambroster (Canis armbrusteri) - wani babban mai farashi da aka samo a duk Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka, daga baya zuriyarsa suka mamaye, mummunan ƙyarkeci (Cutar Canis), wanda hakan ya bazu zuwa Kudancin Amurka a ƙarshen Pleistocene.
300,000 da suka wuce, wolf wolf (Canza lupus), ya bazu zuwa Turai da Asiya ta Arewa da tsallaka Beringia zuwa Arewacin Amurka. Kimanin shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata, ƙyamar kyarke, mafi girma a cikin tarihi, an rarraba shi ko'ina cikin Amurka har zuwa Kudancin Kanada - daga bakin teku zuwa bakin teku. Lokacin da kyarkeci mai launin toka ya mamaye kewayon sa, mummunan da mai yiwuwa ba zai iya tsayar da gasar ba a gwagwarmayan don rage ganima kuma ya lalace kusan shekaru 8000 da suka gabata. Homo sapiens, wanda ya kware yankin Amurka a wannan lokacin, da alama an gama warwatse mummunan ƙyar.
Rayuwar Zorro Azara
Waɗannan dawakai suna iya rayuwa a wurare da yawa: suna zaune daga gandun daji zuwa jeji. An gano Zorro Azara a tsaunuka, filayen kwari, cikin shara, a kan tsauni da hamada. Sun fi son filayen da filayen da ciyayi masu girma.
Waɗannan dawakai suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka a cikin bishiyar rashin itace, wacce ake kira pampas.
Wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa cikin nau'i biyu, amma masana kimiyya basu tantance ko wannan dabarar ta ci gaba ba har zuwa kakar mai zuwa, tunda suna ciyar da hunturu kadai. Mafi yawan lokuta suna jagorantar rayuwa mara kyau, amma kuma ana iya samun lokacin rana a wuraren da babu mutane.
Masana kimiyya sun lura da nau'ikan halaye guda biyu masu ban sha'awa a cikin Zorro Azar. Waɗannan dabbobin suna son tattara datti iri daban-daban daga rayuwar ɗan adam, alal misali, yanki ko fata. Zorro ya sanya wadannan abubuwan a cikin kogon sa. Lokacin da mutum ya kusanci zorro, dabbar ba ta ɓoye, amma tana yi kamar ta mutu, alhali kuwa yana kwance a ƙasa idanunsa a rufe. Zorro ba ya tsoron mutane.
Zorro Azara tana ciyar da abinci ne da nama, yana da kusan kashi 75% na abincin. Zorro farautar zomaye, beraye da tsuntsaye. Baya ga babban abincin, suna cin frogs da lizards. Hakanan zasu iya cin abinci a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa da sukari.
Zorro Azara na iya kai farmaki da raguna da kaji.
Abokan halitta na samari matasa haɓaka ne ko manyan dabbobi. Amma babban abokin gaba shine mutumin da ke farauta wadannan dabbobin. Tsawon rayuwar Zorro Azar a zaman bauta ya kai shekaru 13.6.
Sake bugun Zorro Azar
Lokacin kiwo a Zorro Azar yana gudana daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba. A duk tsawon lokacin kiwo, dabbobi sun sami kafa biyu mai karfi. Dukkanin abokan haɗin gwiwa suna da hannu wajen haɓaka zuriya.
Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 55-60. Bayan wannan lokacin, mace ta haihu da jarirai a cikin kogon, wanda ke tsakanin duwatsun, cikin rami ko a gindin itaciya. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, a matsayin mai mulkin, 3-5an kwikwiyo 3-5.
A cikin zaman talala, tsawon rayuwar Zorro Azar ya fi shekaru 15.
Newan jarirai kusan baki cikin launi, amma tare da shekaru launinsu zai zama da sauƙi a hankali. Matar ta zauna cikin kogon tare da zuriyarta, kuma namiji yakan ciyar da ita. Yana kuma kawo abinci ga thean sandansu, kuma idan ya cancanta, ya yi ƙarfin hali da ƙarfin hali. A lokacin da ya kai wata uku, 'ya' ya 'yan kwali sun tashi daga kogon kuma suka fara farauta da iyayensu.
Amfanin da illolin Zorro Azar ga mutane
A wuraren da waɗannan dawakai ke zaune, su ne abubuwan da ake so don mafarautan yankin. Jawabin Zorro Azara ya yi godiya sosai. Bugu da kari, wadannan makiyayan sun lalata wadannan dabbobi saboda suna daukar su kwari, yayin da suke kaiwa 'yan raguna da kaji.
Amma bayan adadin zorro Azar a wasu sassa na kewayon ya ragu, wannan ya shafi aikin gona ba daidai ba, kamar yadda adadin ƙwayoyin dabbobi da sauran kwari suka karu sau da yawa. Daga wannan ne zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa dawakai na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dokar kwari na noma kuma suna da amfani ga dabbobi.
Dole ne mutane su kiyaye su kuma kiyaye waɗannan dabbobin masu amfani.
Yawan Zorro Azar
Babban barazanar da ke tattare da yawan nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da lalacewar yanayin rayuwa ta zorro, yayin da mutane ke haɓaka aikin gona. Yawancin mazaunan dabbobi sun canza sosai. Misali, Pampi, inda ake lura da yawancin yawan zorro Azar, dabbobi ke shafar. Daga nisan murabba'in 500,000 na kewayon Zorro, kawai sakaci ne 0.1% ya zama ba za a taɓa shi ba.
Amma saboda babban aikinsa, jinsin ya tsira daga asarar kewayon sa. Zorro ya kuma tsayar da matsa lamba na mafarauta.
A Paraguay da Uruguay, waɗannan dabbobin suna ƙarƙashin kariyar ƙasa, amma ana ci gaba da farauta ba tare da izini ba a waɗannan ƙasashe. A Brazil, Zorro Azara yana ƙarƙashin kariya mai ƙarfi.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Gaba ɗaya haruffa - 13
Bayan haka, Alejandro de la Vega.
Wanda zai maye gurbin Diego de la Vega, Zorro Na 2. Yayinda yake karami, Zorro yayi gargadi game da wani kwanton bauna. A cikin godiya saboda wannan, mai roko ya ba shi medallion, wanda daga baya ya fahimci saurayin
Originwararriyar asali mai mahimmanci kuma tana tsunduma cikin samar da ruwan inabin California. Helen ta yi masa dogaro don ya nemo dabarun ɓoye
Bawa kuma amintaccen abokin Don Diego de la Vega. Ya bayyana a cikin jerin TV Disney 1957 Zorro.
Don diego de la vega
"Zorro No. 1", mai martaba. Ya koyar da Alejandro dabarun wasan zube da sauran dabaru, ya zama malami da mai ba da shawara
Wakili, abokin Harrigan. Ya ƙarfafa Elena don yin aiki tare da su
Gwamnan Kalifoniya, ya sace Elena kuma ya tashe ta a matsayin 'yarsa
Ma'anar kalmar fox a cikin kamus
Sabbin ƙamus na ma'ana da ƙamus na harshen Rashanci, T. F. Efremova. Ma'anar kalmar a cikin kamus Sabuwar atoryamarar bayani da ƙamus na harshen Rashanci, T. F. Efremova.
g. Malan dabbobi masu shayarwa na dangin canine tare da busasshen ciyawa da wutsiya mai ƙoshin lafiya. Matar irin wannan dabba. Jawo irin wannan dabba. sake fitarwa Fur kayayyakin, fatalwar irin wannan dabba. m da f Mai wayo, mai fa'ida.
Damus na ƙamus na harshen Rashanci. D.N. Ushakov Ma'anar kalmar a cikin kamus ɗin Expamus na Expamus na ƙamus na harshen Rasha. D.N. Ushakov
dawakai Dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin canine, iri ɗaya ne da fox. Ja-kasa-kasa ko foda Siberian. Fox baƙar fata. Jawo (buɗe). Sayi fos a kan abin wuya.
Wikipedia Ma'anar kalmar a cikin kamus na Wikipedia
Dawakai sunan uba. Fox, Valentina Evgenievna (an haife shi a 1973) - ianan fashin Amurkawa asalin asalin Yukren. Fox, Elisei Grigorievich - yariman Rasha, Posadsky. Fox, Ivan Pavlovich - jihar, soja da diflomasiya.
Misalan yin amfani da kalmar fox a cikin wallafe-wallafen.
Idan da Duke na Anjou ne, har yanzu yana iya nunawa da kyau fox, yanzu zai iya akalla dan zama zaki!
Na bar kakana, amma kai kanka kun san wannan, kuma daga dawakai ya bar, kuma ya bar dambar, da giwa, da daga rakoon, da daga takwas o makamai, da kuma Hydra na Lerne, da maciji Apophus, kuma daga Hippopotamus tare da Leviathan!
Polovtsiawan suna zuwa Rasha sau da yawa, kuma yayin da Svyatopolk da Monomakh suka kewaye Starodub, Khan Bonyak ya kama hanya fox a cikin gidan, kusa da Kiev kanta, kuma ta ƙone gidan sarauniyar lokacin rani a Berestovoy.
Niccolo, yayi dariya, ya tabbatar da cewa bashi yiwuwa a hango mafi kyawun kyautar ga majibincin kwatankwacin abin da ya faru da kwatankwacin sa - fox Borgia daga fox na Gonzag fiye da wannan masks ɗin ɗari.
Don girbi kifi, yanayi ya kula da yadda ya aiko da tsari irin na bears, boars daji, dawakai, badgers, karnukan karnuka, raven rodents, jays, da sauransu.
Tsarin hakori
Dangane da yanayin abinci mai ƙoshin abinci, tsarin haƙar haƙar mahaifa a cikin nau'in yankan da aka ambata: hakoran haƙora da ƙyanƙyashe suna haɓaka da haɓaka. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da hakora 42, kyarkewar jan kyar ta rasa ƙananan motsi na ƙarshe, kuma adadin adadin hakora 40 ne, kuma kare na daji baya da manyan motsi na gaba, saboda haka yana da hakora 38 kawai. Kuma mafi girma fox a duka faifan yana da motsi 4, kuma adadin su ya kai 48. Gabaɗaya, maganin haƙori yana da tsari mai zuwa:
i 3 3, c 1 1, p 4 4, m 2 (1 - 2 - 4) 3 (2 - 4) = 42 (38, 40, 48) < nunistyle i <3 kan 3>, c <1 kan 1>, p <4 bisa 4>, m <2 (1-2-4) sama da 3 (2-4)> = 42 (38,40,48)>.
Rarraba da salon rayuwa
An rarraba wakilan Canine a duk nahiyoyi in banda Antarctica, Ostiraliya (an dauki dingo tsari ne da aka gabatar) da kuma wasu tsibiran teku. Suna zaune a wurare dabam-dabam, suna rayuwa kuma suna haifan zuriya a cikin ɓoye ko ɗakuna. Suna jagorantar zaman aure, rayuwar iyali ko rukuni, yanayin halayyar magabatan suna matukar bin manyan unguwanni. Yawancin nau'ikan dabbobi masu kama ne, amma galibi suna ciyar da abinci, kwari, da abinci iri. Suna da ƙarfi duk shekara, amma ban da karekin raccoon. A mafi yawancin halayen, suna da yawa, masu haifuwa sau ɗaya a shekara, suna kawo blinda blindan makafi uku zuwa huɗu, wani lokacin 13-16 kowane.
Zorro wane ne magidanci sly
Wataƙila babu irin wannan mutumin da bai ji ba game da almara da m Zorro , Ba zan taɓa gani aƙalla fim guda ɗaya ba game da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoye a cikin abin rufe fuska, baƙar fata, majiɓincin ƙaƙƙarfan masifa da wanda aka yi masa laifi, ƙaƙƙarfan gwarzo ne mai nasara.
Abubuwan mafi kyawun jarumai na kowane lokaci suna kasancewa cikin Zorro. Yana da hikima a lokaci guda, jarumi, wayo, kyakkyawa da soyayya. Generationsabi'u huɗu sun girma da ƙauna a gare shi.
Kyakkyawan hat, takobi mai kaifi, doki mai sauri, sa'a mai ban mamaki, asiri da kyau sun sanya Zorro gunkin miliyoyi.
A karo na farko, wani gwarzo mai farin jini ya bayyana a gaban jama'a a cikin littafin 'Littafin la'ana na Capistrano,' wanda aka buga a shekarar 1919. Marubuci Chronicle da Marubuci Almara Johnston McCullie Ya ba da labarin gwarzo, inda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da makomar mai faɗa ɗan Spain don yin adalci.
Masu buga mujallar mako-mako duk a cikin batutuwan guda biyar sun yaba da hoton mai daukar fansa. Masu karatu nan da nan suna son halayen, kuma suna ɗokin ganin kowace sabuwar magana da haƙuri mai girma.
. A cikin hasken rana, ana kiransa Don Diego, amma da zaran dare ya faɗi, Zorro ya juya ya zama mai faɗa da mugunta kuma, bisa ga ƙauyensa, yana biyan duk mazaunan da ke kusa da su, ba tare da la'akari da matsayi da lakabi ba.
Don Diego de la Vega - kyakkyawa, kyakkyawa, amma ɗan ƙarami ne kuma mara ƙima, an haife shi ne a cikin gidan wani attajirin nan dan ƙasar Spain Alejandro de la Vega, ya dawo daga Spain zuwa asalin ƙasarsu ta California, inda mahaifinsa ɗan asalin Los Angeles ne. Koyaya, ranakun sun shuɗe: yanzu a wannan yanki sabon alkald Luis Quintero yana kan aiki, da sojojin Kyaftin Esteban Pasquale suke goyan baya. Suna ta karɓar haraji cikin rashin kunya, suna jefa talakawa marasa galihu cikin talauci na ainihi, kuma ƙoƙarin tsayayya yana fuskantar hukunci mai tsauri. Tare da isowar Diego, wani dan fashi mai suna Zorro ya bayyana a cikin yankin. Babu wani sai amintaccen bawan da ya sani cewa Diego de la Vega da dare ya juya ya zama mai ƙarfin haɗari. Kayan sata ya ƙunshi suttura mai rikitarwa. Hancin jarumi yana rufe fuska da wata babbar hula da abin rufe fuska, kafadunsa a nade cikin alkyabbar. Babban makamin da Zorro ya fi dacewa shi ne rapier, wanda gwarzo ya bar alama a wuraren amfani. Harafin "Z", wanda aka sassaka akan bango, itace ko fuskar abokan gaba, yana haifar da fushi da fushi a cikin policean sanda na gida. Takobin Zorro ba shine babban makamin gwarzo ba. Jarumi mutum ne yake sarrafa bulala. A cikin nau'ikan haɗari, namiji yana tare da doki mai aminci tare da sunan mai ban dariya na Tornado. Jarumi kullun yana tsaye don wanda aka yiwa laifi da wanda aka zalunta. Kamar kowane jarumi caballero, Zorro ya bi ka'idojin girmamawa: daredevil yana da ladabi da ladabi, baya yin gwagwarmaya da abokan gaba da rauni, yana girmama wakilan addini. Jarumi yakan girmama dattawan sa kuma basa amfani da kalmomin rantsuwa. Kadai mai halatta shine lullube bakin mutum, wanda yake damun sa amma baya fusata abokan gaba. A lokacin rayuwa ta mutum biyu, Diego de la Vega zai sami ƙauna, ya kawar da maƙiyan ƙasa da yawa kuma ya cika kyawawan lokutan cancanta.
Bayan nasarar farko, Maccalli, mai ba da rahoto game da laifuka, ya bar aikinsa kuma ya sadaukar da kansa wajen ƙirƙirar cikakken littafin game da gwarzo cikin baƙar fata. Murfin littafin nan mai taken “La'anan na Capistrano” an ƙawata shi da lakabin: "Lokacin da Kalaman soyayya da Takobin mallakar Tsohon Kalifoniya".
Littafin ya nuna farkon jerin masu ban dariya daban-daban, gajerun labarai, gajerun labarai, talabijin da rubutun fim. Shin akwai wani mutum a cikin ainihin tarihin da ya yi aiki a matsayin gwarzo na gwarzon masaki - Zorro?
Ka'idoji sun sami ci gaba sosai cewa halin ya sake dawo da hoton Robin Hood, wanda, kamar Zorro, yana yakar zalunci kuma yana kare mutuncin talakawa.
Shekaru da yawa, rikice-rikice ba su daina ba, wanda ya zama babban gwarzo gwarzo. Ka'idoji sun sami ci gaba sosai cewa halin ya sake dawo da hoton Robin Hood, wanda, kamar Zorro, yana yakar zalunci kuma yana kare mutuncin talakawa. Mai yiyuwa ne mai neman afuwa shine William Lampport, mawakiyar Irish.
William Lamport An haife shi a 1615 a Ireland, a cikin kyakkyawan iyali mai daraja. Ya samu ilimi mai inganci: ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Dublin ta Jesuits da Jami'ar London.
Amma akwai wani saurayi mai kyau wanda ya kwashe mafi yawan lokacinsa ba akan karatun Latin da falsafa ba, sai dai a kan cin nasarar zuciyar samari. Akan wannan, yana da duels da yawa. Ofayansu ya ƙare da kisan abokin hamayya. Abin baƙin ciki ga William, wanda aka azabtar yana da tasiri dangi. Don kauce wa mummunar matsala, Lamport ya kasance yana barin gabar Misty Albion na ɗan lokaci.
William a cikin jirgin "Black Prince" ya tafi gabar Sabuwar Duniya. Koyaya, wannan jirgi ya zama ɗan fashin teku, kuma saboda haka matashin ɗan Irish dandy ya zama "mutum mai ƙarfin hali." Dole ne in faɗi cewa saurayin ya ƙaunaci rayuwar fashin teku. Ya shahara wajen shiga jiragen ruwan 'yan kasuwa, musamman wadanda ke Spain, tare da kwace biranen bakin teku. Da yake ya tara adadi mai kyau, William ya yanke shawarar kawo ƙarshen cin riba, amma kuma ƙwararrakin aiki mai haɗari. Ya je Canaries, inda ya sayi sabbin takardu da sunan ɓoyayyen ɓoye Julio Lombardo daga attajirin ɗan kasuwa - abokin mahaifinsa.
A Spain, Lombardo ya tsunduma cikin abin da ya fi so a cikin rayuwar - kasada mai ban sha'awa. Wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba Juan ya lashe zukatan kyawawan matan mata. Bugu da kari, Lombardo ya sadu da babban ƙaunar sarki Philip IV Earl-Duke Olivares. Ya fahimci iyawar ɗan saurayi da dabara ya ba da takobi. Kari akan haka, tsohon dan fashin teku ba satanci bane kuma ya himmatu wajen aiwatar da dokokin da basu dace ba na majibincin sa. Misali, ya kashe wani ubangidan mai suna Almagro Thor-taimako, wanda yake da tangarda don ya fusata abin da sarki yake so.
Ofaya daga cikin irin waɗannan ayyukan, wanda aka azabtar wanda ya kasance mai martaba daga dangin Sipaniya mai nagarta kuma mai tasiri, kusan tsadar rayuwar Lombardo. Hatta Olivares mai iko duka bai iya rufe wannan batun ba. Hanya guda daya da ya taimaka shine aiko da “kisa” zuwa kasar Mexico, wanda a wadancan shekarun mulkin mallaka ne na kasar Spain. Aljihun Julio Lombardo ya ƙunshi wasiƙar shawarwari daga Earl na Duke, wanda ya taimaki Irish don samun sabon matsayi mai kyau.
A Meziko, Lombardo ya ci gaba da yin abin da ya yi a Spain. Ta hanyar umarnin mataimakin gwamna, ya kashe wadanda ke da tarko ga mai mulkin Meziko. Da kyau, hakika, ya rinjayi zukatan kyawawan kyawawan Mexico.
Bugu da kari, Lombardo ya sadu da Indiyawan da ke gida, ya koyan yarensu kuma ya sami damar shiga amincewa cikin firistocin Aztec. Sun koyar da Irish tsohuwar fasahar warkarwa, asirin astrology da duk abin da ake kira baƙar fata a cikin abin da ke Turai.
Lombardo ya kasance a wurin asirin hadayun mutane na firistocin Americanyan asalin Amurkawa. Sun yi matukar firgita - an jefa wani mutum a kan bagaden dutsen wani bangon temple, firistocin da wuka masu kaifi daga obsidian suka buɗe kirjinsa suka fitar da wata zuciyar mai rawar jiki, wanda a lokacin suka ƙone kan wuta.
Kasancewar Lombardo ya sami damar koya daga firistocin Aztec daga baya sun kusan lalata shi. Binciken Mai Tsarki ya gano game da bakon (daga ra'ayinta) abubuwan sha'awa na Irish kuma sun zarge shi da maita da sihiri.
Sun jawo hankalin William da hukumomin duniyar Mexico: suna zargin sa da shirya makarkashiyar kai wa Sarautar Spanish din. An kama Lombardo kuma an jefa shi cikin kurkuku, inda ya zauna na tsawon shekaru takwas.
Iyaye tsarkaka da ba da taimako na ƙarshe sun yanke shawarar cewa mai matsalar da uwargidan Julio Lombardo, cikin wahala a ɗayan ɗayan gidajen kurkuku na Mexico, ba shi da haɗari a gare su. Amma akwai! Sun yi kuskure sosai. Yin amfani da gaskiyar cewa tsare shi a kurkuku ya zama mafi sassauci, Lombardo, tare da taimakon abokansa na Indiya, ya tsere daga tsarewa.
Ta haka ne farawar tasa, wacce yan gari zasuyi magana akai na dogon lokaci. Sun fada, alal misali, yadda a cikin dare wani mahayi a cikin wani abin rufe baki ya hau kan titunan Mexico City da kuma wuce gona da iri da sanarwa a jikin bangon gidaje, suna yi wa mahukuntan yankin da kuma Injiniya Mafi Tsada tsinke. Don haka aka ƙirƙiri almara mai cikakken iko da Zorro!
Amma Lamport zai ci amanar kansa idan, baya ga gwagwarmayar daraja, bai kula da kyawawan matan ba. Wadannan abubuwan nishadi a cikin ƙarshe kuma sun lalata Julio Lombardo.
A wata wasika daga bishop na Mexico City, an sanar da sarkin Spain game da wasu cikakkun bayanai game da kama wani mai tayar da fitina. Daga wannan wasika ya biyo baya cewa an tsare Lombardo. a kan gado na matar Mataimakin Mexico. Julio ta yaudare matar matar mataimakin shugaban Spain a Sabuwar Duniya!
Bayan da aka kama shi na wasu shekaru bakwai, Lombardo ya gaji a cikin gidajen yari a kurkuku. A ƙarshe, a cikin 1659, wata kotu ta Binciken Tsararren Masana, wacce Mataimakin ya ba da batun Irish, ta yanke masa hukunci a zaman bidi'a da warlock don ƙona shi a kan gungume. An zartar da hukuncin ne a babban filin da ke garin Mexico City.
A Mexico, William Lamport (Julio Lombardo) ya kafa dutse don tunawa da 'yanci
Ko da ya tsaya a gefen kabarin, Lombardo ya yi nasarar guje wa mutuwa mai raɗaɗi a kan gungume. A wannan lokacin, lokacin da mai zartarwar ke shirin kawo fitilarsa zuwa itace, da aka yayyafa shi da mai na zaitun, Julio ya lullube jikinsa gaba ɗayanta kuma ya ɗaure kansa da igiya, wacce aka ɗaure da wata sanda a tsakiyar wutar.
William Lamport, wanda ake wa lakabi da Julio Lombardo, ya mutu, amma abokansa na Indiya sun riƙe imaninsu game da mahaukacin bakar fata, wanda ba shi da ma'ana, mai kare talakawa kuma mai faɗa da zalunci. Labarun game da shi an barsu daga baki zuwa baka, sun mamaye tare da cikakkun bayanai masu ban mamaki.
Karnuka da mutum
Ofaya daga cikin jinsunan canines - kare - mutum ya mallaki shi na dogon lokaci. Shaida ta farko ta shafi tsawon shekaru 26,000 da suka gabata. A cikin kogon Chauvet a kudancin Faransa, an samo sawun ɗan yaro mai shekaru 8-10, kuma kusa da su akwai alamomin mallakar babban kare ko kyarkeci. An samo asalin burbushin kare a cikin kogon Goyet a Belgium; binciken yana da kusan shekaru 36,000. Gano burbushin karnukan wutsiyoyi a wuraren da mutane ke rayuwa tun farkon shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata ya nuna cewa tuni a wancan lokacin ana yin mu'amala tsakanin karnukan kyarma da mutane. Yaɗuwar karnukan kyarketai da bijiro da ayyukanta ayyukan haɗin gwiwa sun taimaka ga haɓaka alaƙar mutane. Don haka, nau'ikan biyu za su iya amfani da damar junan su su ci gaba tare. Hadin gwiwar karnukan gida da masu mallakarsu za a iya samo su ne daga lokacin shekaru 11,000 da suka gabata a Amurka da shekaru 8,500 da suka gabata a Turai.
Ba sau da yawa mutane kan fara neman mayuka, kamar kyarkeci, coyotes ko dawakai, don kare kai ko wasa, amma su da kansu sukan zama abun farauta daga dabbobi. Sanannen yanayi na kai hari ga mutane ta hanyar kyarkeci, coyotes da kyarke.