Matsaloli:

1. Dukkanin halayen sun cika, amma ba a gano ciliates ba.

2. Yana da matukar wahalar girma ciliates.

3. An gudanar da binciken ne sau 3, a cikin watanni uku.

4. An kirkiro duk sabbin halaye.

Karshe daga gwaje-gwajen No. 1:

1. A cikin samfurori da yawa, mold sun bayyana, duk abin da ya ɓace ko wasu protozoa sun bayyana.

2. A gida, zaku iya girma kwayoyin halittu daban-daban: (Suvoyka - halittacciyar halittar ciliates, closterium - algae da rotifers - tsutsotsi).

3. Muna buƙatar sabbin yanayi don bunkasa takalmin ciliates-takalma.

Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen, na gano sauran kwayoyin. Na yanke shawarar gano menene waɗannan kwayoyin. Sakamakon bincike da kwatancen, na gano hakan Rotifers - dabbobin dabbobi da yawa (ba su wuce 2 mm ba) - tsutsotsi masu zagaye suna da kayan cilia don abinci da motsi. Suna zaune a tafkuna da ƙasa mai laushi. Klosterium - asalin halittar algae na kore. Suvojki - halittar kafaffun ciliates har zuwa 0.2 mm a diamita, yana da dogaye, ƙwallon ƙafa don haɗin abin da aka makala.

Bayan haka, Na yanke shawarar canza gwajin kuma in ɗauki ruwan akwatin kifaye daga tushe kawai (ƙyallen) tare da kafofin watsa labarai na abinci daban-daban.

Kwarewar A'a. 2. Kiwon ciliates.

Dalilin gwajin: Nemo ciliates a cikin akwatin kifaye kuma gwada tsarma su.

Yanayin Gwaji:

Samfuran ruwa da aka ɗauka: silt.

Matsakaicin al'adu: banana, dankalin turawa, da chamomile.

Twilight, zazzabi dakin.

fig 3. Banana shinkafa 4. Chamomile siffa 5. Dankali

Tebur cikin lambobi yana nuna adadin ciliates. Na dauki samfuran ruwa daga ganyen kuma na sake yin bincike a karkashin wani microscope. A cikin filin gani, an gano ciliates 3 masu motsi a cikin kowane samfurin.

1. Karshe daga gwaje-gwajen No. 2:Binciken samfuran ya nuna cewa ciliates ya mutu a rana ta 3 tare da dankali, kuma ya tsira a cikin ɗayan kafofin watsa labarai na abinci kuma ya fara ƙaruwa.
2. Janar karshe: Sakamakon binciken dukkanin gwaje-gwajen, na zo ga yanke shawara cewa tara ciliates ba sauki kamar yadda aka yi tsammani ba. Infusoria iya asali kawai amfani da akwatin kifaye silt (tsarkakakken al'ada). Ba a sami ciliates a wasu shimfidar akwatin akwatin ba, saboda haka, wasu samfurori ba su ƙyale ciliates ya girma a gwajin farko ba. Hakanan, yanayi mai kyau don girma ciliates sune zazzabi na cikin gida, kasancewar matsakaici mai gina jiki (guntuwar banana ko chamomile), walƙiya. A cikin sauran samfuran, ƙirar ta bayyana, komai ya ɓace ko wasu protozoa kuma tsutsotsi sun bayyana waɗanda ba abinci bane don soya.
3. Aka ɗan tabbatar da fahimtar gabaɗaya: Infusoria slippers a gida na iya asaliamfani da tsarkakakken al’ada

Nazarin Ayuba

1. Lokacin shirya shirin gwajin, da alama cewa komai yana da sauƙi, duk da haka, an fara gano ciliates kawai tare da jerin gwaje-gwaje na uku.
2. Thearfin saita maƙasudin gwajin, yin abubuwan lura, yin rikodin sakamako da kuma hanyar gwaji, in da zancen ƙarshe zai zama da amfani a gare ni a cikin darussan nazarin halittu yayin yin dakin gwaje-gwaje da aiki, da kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu ban sha'awa a gida. Bugu da kari, ta koyi cimma buri, wanda yake da matukar mahimmanci a rayuwa.
3. Duk da yake girma ciliates, na koya game da sauran abubuwa masu sauki.

2.4. Shawarwari don masu neman ruwaye.

1. DA Dalilin yin gargadi na kurakurai da rashin daidaito da aka gabatar a cikin gwaje-gwajen akan Intanet akan haɓaka ciliates, Na yanke shawarar zanashawarwari don masu neman ruwaye:
2. Nemo duk bayanan game da kowane nau'in kifin da kuke so ya mamaye shi a cikin akwatin kifayen sigogin ruwan don kiyayewa, fasalin halayyarku, haɗuwa da sauran kifayen, nau'in abincin don soya.
3. Yi amfani da tsarkakakken al'adun ciliates don kiwance su.
4. Auki samfurin ruwa daga murfin akwatin kifaye, nemo ciliates a can ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙaramin hatsi.
5. Sanya murfin akwatin kifaye da matsakaici mai gina jiki (mafi kyawun duka, ƙyallen banana) a cikin gilashi.
6. Sanya kwalba a zazzabi a daki, cikin magariba.
7. Kula da kullun yawan ciliates ta amfani da microscope.

1. A yayin binciken, an yi nazarin hanyoyin samar da bayanai daban-daban, wanda ya sanya aka samu damar koyon cewa ciyar da kifayen daban-daban na bukatar abinci daban-daban. Bugu da kari, an gano cewa abincin da yafi inganci don soya shine "ƙura a raye", amma abin takaici, ba za a same shi a cikin hunturu ba. Sabili da haka, masu neman aquarists kansu suna haifar da wasu nau'ikan abinci na rayuwa. Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan suna ciliates-takalma.
2. A mataki na gaba, na yi nazarin peculiarities na tsari da rayuwar ciliates.
3. Don gwada hasashen cewa yana yiwuwa a samar da infusoria don soya a gida, Na gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa. A farkon, ta amfani da Intanet, Na gano abin da yanayi za a iya ƙirƙirar don ciliates girma.
4. A lokacin kwarewa ta farko, Na yi tsere cikin matsaloli: Da alama an daidaita dukkan yanayi, amma ba a sami sakamakon ciliates ba. Ya juya cewa ciliates suna da wahalar girma.

Binciken m yana bayyana a cikin samfurori da yawa, komai yana ɓacewa ko wasu abubuwan protozoa sun bayyana: suvoy, closterium da rotifers.

1. Bayan haka, Na yanke shawarar canza yanayin gwajin kuma ɗaukar ruwa na akwatin kifaye kawai daga gindi (ƙwanƙwasa) tare da kafofin watsa labarai na abinci daban-daban (dankali, banana, chamomile), don nemo ciliates a cikin akwatin kifaye kuma in gwada su.
2. Karshe daga gwaje-gwajen No. 2: Ciliates ya rayu kuma ya fara ƙaruwa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu abinci tare da banana da chamomile.
3. Janar karshe: Sakamakon binciken dukkanin gwaje-gwajen, na zo ga cewa, tare da ciliator asali amfani kawai da akwatin kifaye silt (al'ada mai tsabta). Ba a sami ciliates a wasu shimfidar akwatin akwatin ba, saboda haka, wasu samfurori ba su ƙyale ciliates ya girma a gwajin farko ba. Hakanan, yanayi mai kyau don girma ciliates sune zazzabi na cikin gida, kasancewar matsakaici mai gina jiki (guntuwar banana ko chamomile), walƙiya. Aka ɗan tabbatar da fahimtar gabaɗaya: Infusoria slippers a gida na iya asaliamfani da tsarkakakken al’ada.

Analysis na aiki:

1. Lokacin shirya shirin gwajin, da alama cewa komai yana da sauƙi, duk da haka, an fara gano ciliates kawai tare da jerin gwaje-gwaje na uku.
2. Thearfin saita maƙasudin gwajin, yin abubuwan lura, yin rikodin sakamako da kuma hanyar gwaji, in da zancen ƙarshe zai zama da amfani a gare ni a cikin darussan nazarin halittu yayin yin dakin gwaje-gwaje da aiki, da kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu ban sha'awa a gida. Bugu da kari, ta koyi cimma buri, wanda yake da matukar mahimmanci a rayuwa.
3. Duk da yake girma ciliates, na koya game da sauran abubuwa masu sauki.

Bayanin

Girman takalmin ƙanana ne, amma a lokaci guda, dangane da sauran waɗanda ba na wando ba, suna da yawa babba. Takalma ta takalmi na iya isa girma zuwa 0.3 mm, duk da haka, wasu sun sami damar haɓaka mutane a cikin 0.6 mm. Jikin yana da elongated, semicircular a siffar. Babban membrane na jiki shine membrane na waje. A bayyane yake, saboda haka ta wurinta zaka iya ganin dukkan tsarin na ciki na ciliates. Mafi shahararren tsakanin sauran gabobin shine macro nucleus. Ya bayyana a matsayin harsashi akan jiki. A saman takalmin akwai cilia, tare da taimakon wanda ciliator yake motsawa da farauta. Yawan su na iya bambanta daga dubu 10 zuwa 15.

Ab Adbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin turɓayar ƙasa

Duk da bambancin kasuwar abinci don kifin kifin kifaye, yawancin shayarwa sun fi son yin tsohuwar hanyar yin, suna samar da ciliates a gida. Kuma saboda kyawawan dalilai, saboda wannan hanyar samun abincin farawa tana da fa'idodi da yawa:

• “Turɓayar rayuwa” ba ta ƙazantar da ruwa. A uneaten ciliates zai zauna a cikin akwatin kifaye ba tare da damun ma'auni.
• Girman microscopic na abinci yana ba ku damar amfani da shi azaman abinci don ƙananan ƙananan kifayen da ke kama kifin.
• A kan abinci mai gina jiki, furotin mai rai na abinci mai gina jiki, toya da sauri.
• Karancin kudi. Za a iya haɓaka ƙura ta rayuwa ta amfani da shara.
• Sauƙi na samarwa. Ko da yaro na iya yin girma na ciliates.
• Tsaro. Hadarin gabatar da cutar a cikin akwatin kifayen haɓaka ne kaɗan.

Rashin dacewar amfani da irin wannan nau'in abinci kaɗan ne, sun haɗa da:

• Ellanshi. Don narkar da ciliates, ana amfani da sharar ɗabi'a wacce take jin ƙanshin mugunta yayin lalata.
• Hadadden abinci. Guji samun ruwa mara lalacewa, wanda ake ciliates ana haɓaka shi, a cikin akwatin kifayen girma. Don girbi, kuna buƙatar fasaha.
• A cikin wasu jerin ruwayoyin ana iya samun ilian ciliates, don haka mai binciken ruwa yana haɗarin haɗarin samun tarkace mara lahani ba tare da “ƙura mai rai” ba.
• Lokaci. Zai ɗauki kwanaki 7-10 don shirya irin wannan abincin.

Me yasa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ba bushe abinci ba? Hakanan akwai dalilai don wannan. Abu mafi mahimmanci - ba kowa ba ne ya iya ƙididdige yawan adadin abincin da aka yi hidimar a cikin akwatin akwatin kifaye. Abu ne mai sauqi a cika abubuwan da suka wuce haddi, ta yadda ake gurbata ruwan da kwayoyin halitta. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a ciyar da soya sau da yawa - sau 6 a rana. Tare da “ƙura mai rai”, yana da uzuri ga “wuce shi”, ba zai mutu ba kuma ba da jimawa ba ko kuma daga baya kifayen za su ci shi.

Yadda za a samo ciliates?

Akwai hanya mai sauƙi da nishaɗi don samowa, kuma mafi mahimmanci, ware takalmin daga wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin:

1. Aauki ƙaramar gilashin kuma sanya ruwan digo 2 na ruwa a kai, ɗayan abin da ya kamata a ɗauka daga akwatin kifin, ɗayan kuma daga matatar ruwan, ya bar ta tsaye na ɗan lokaci.
2. Aara graan hatsi na gishiri zuwa digo daga akwatin kifaye.
3. Gina wani “bakin ciki” na ruwa tsakanin saukad da ruwan. Don wannan, kowane allura ko ɗan yatsa na iya zuwa, kawai riƙe shi tsakanin saukad. Dukkanin abubuwanda ake sanyawa kananan halittu suna kokarin tsabtace, ruwa mara tsafta.
4. Takalma, saboda ciliarta, ya fi tsufa yawa fiye da takwarorinta. Abin da ya sa ba wanda zai zama matattara mai kyau da za ta zama ta farko a gadar ruwa.
5. Yin amfani da pipette, aika shi zuwa tanki na tsaftataccen ruwa don ƙarin daskararru.

Kiwo ciliates a gida

Bari mu fara da kiwo na ciliates, waɗanda ba na halitta ba ne kawai abinci, amma kuma akwai don girma ga kowa. Kiwo ciliates ba mai wahala bane kwata-kwata, kawai kuna buƙatar koyon yadda za'a raba al'adu tsarkakakke daga rashin tsarkaka.

Don samun tsarkakakkiyar al'adar ciliates Kuna iya amfani da ilimin da aka samu a cikin darussan makaranta na ilimin dabbobi. Mun sanya digo na ruwa daga akwatin kifaye a kan shimfidar gilashin kuma ƙara gishiri mai kuka. Nan kusa, amma daga gefen mai hasken, muna sanya digo mai tsabta, mai kariya na ruwan famfo.

Tare da taimakon allura na yau da kullun, wasan da aka nuna ko yatsan haƙoran haƙora, za mu haɗa duka saukad tare da gadar ruwa. Ciliates rush zuwa ga haske da kuma sabo ruwa. Ya juya cewa suna da sauri fiye da sauran kwayoyin halittun da ba a sansu ba, saboda haka zasu matsa zuwa tsabtataccen ruwa a baya fiye da wasu. Muna karɓar wannan ɗigon ruwan tsarkakakken tare da ciliates tare da pipette na gilashi na yau da kullun kuma muna amfani dashi don ƙarin dilution.

Zuba ruwa mai tsarkakakken mai a cikin kwalba mai 3 na ruwa wanda bai wuce 75% na ƙara kuma fara infusoria daga pipette a can. Ya rage kawai don ciyar da su a cikin dace lokaci da kuma lura da yanayin ruwan. Ciyar da madara (kamar guda saukad da kowace tulu), yankakken karas (cokali 2-3), pean dankali, leas, ofanyen hay har ma busasshiyar banana (fifthaya daga cikin biyar). Duk wani riguna na saman da aka gabatar zasu ba da sakamako mai kyau, don haka zaɓi zaɓi mafi dacewa a gare ku da kanku.

Bayan ciyarwa, ya rage kawai don saka idanu ko ruwan yana da duhu sosai. Hankali! Idan ruwa yana da laushi sosai kuma ana jin warin da ba shi da sinadarin hydrogen, wannan yana nuna cewa an ƙara ƙarin abinci mai da yawa a cikin kwalbar. Ciliates sun daina yin yawa kuma su mutu, idan ba a ciyar da su ba.

An sanya tukunyar al'adu a wuri mai dumi, amma ba a ƙarƙashin hasken rana mai haske ba. Matsakaicin zafin jiki don kiwo na ciliates ana ɗauka shine 18-22 ° C.

Wataƙila kun yanke shawarar ciyar da soya tare da cakuda nau'ikan nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta. Wannan abu ne da aka yarda da shi, saboda yaran da kansu zasu zabi daga duk abinda aka basu abinda suke buƙata, watau edible ciliates. Kawai sai don shayarwa dole ne ya dauki ruwa daga cikin akwatin kifin mai lafiya. A cikin irin wannan ruwa, yawanci kowane nau'in ciliates edible ne.

Idan an yi komai daidai, to bayan makonni 2 ruwa a banki zai zama na fili, kuma bayan an dube shi, zaku iya ganin ɗayan ciliates. An gama! Ya rage don zuba ruwa tare da ciliates cikin akwatin kifaye. Kawai gwada yin lokaci da kiwo na ciliates zuwa farkon ɓarna.

Rotifers

Yadda za a noma?

Don haifar da al'adun takalmin, ba a buƙatar yanayi na musamman, don haka nadinsu abu ne mai sauƙi kuma masu shayar kifaye za su iya yi.

Don ƙirƙirar babban mallaka na takalma isa don samun ɗaya. Bayan kimanin wata daya na tabbatarwa, wannan takalmin za a haife shi, kuma banki ya rigaya ya sami mallakin ciliates - sama da dubu 40 na santimita santimita. Wannan lambar ita ce mafi girman maida hankali a cikin takalma a cikin ruwa.

Wani mutum na ciliates ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin gilashin gilashi (zai fi dacewa 3 lita) na tsaftataccen ruwa. Gilashin yana ba da haske, wanda ke inganta haɓakar mallaka. Zazzabi daki yana da kyau don fara kiwo da kananan halittu, amma mafi kyawun ciliates shine digiri 22-26. A wannan zafin jiki, zai yuwu a samar da lardin da ke da adadin manyan takalma. Yana da kyau a sanya tukunyar a wuri mai iska ko don samar da goge. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a gaban iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa, ciliates sun nutse a ƙasan, kuma tare da karancin ruwa kan ruwa, wanda ke taimaka wa bin sawu da tara tarin abubuwa.

Kiwon dabbobi masu cutarwa: haifar da karamin duniya a gida

Tsakanin kowane nau'in dabbobi masu tsinkaye waɗanda galibi ana danganta su, mafi sabon abu dabbobi marasa amfani. Waɗannan sun haɗa da dabbobi na dabbobi guda ɗaya da sarakunan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Wato, kwayoyin halittu wadanda suke ko da yaushe da kuma kewaye da mu a cikin yanayi, amma a lokaci guda idanun mutum basu lura dashi.

Ga wanda ba a san shi ba a ilmin halitta yana da matukar sha'awar shiga a cikin kiwo mai sauƙi ciliates da amoeba. Waɗannan dabbobin gida marasa ma'ana ne ga abinci da kulawa, a zahiri basu ɗaukar sarari da yawa a cikin gidan.

Ciliates da amoebas suna son wuraren ajiye ruwa, sabili da haka, puddles da ƙananan matattara zasu kasance mafi kyawun wurin don kama su. Don ɗaukar dozin waɗannan kwayoyin, zai isa ya ɗauka kimanin lita ɗaya na ruwa daga tafkin. Ya kamata a zuba ruwa mai da aka sanya a cikin kwandon-tanki uku (ɗan talaka na iya dacewa da kiyayewa), kuma a zuba ruwan sanyi daga famfon kusan zuwa saman.

• Hankali! Ko da ba ku ga wani aiki na dabbobi marasa ƙira a cikin ruwan da aka kawo daga kandunan ba, wannan ba ya nufin cewa ba su a wurin. Zasu iya kasancewa cikin yanayin dakatar da raye-raye, ba su dama don ci gaba da ci gaba.

Sakamakon ƙarfin ruwa tare da ruwa a nan gaba zai zama wani nau'i na akwatin kifaye don yawan ciliates da amoebas. Dole a sanya akwati na ruwa a cikin haske amma ba wurin sanyi ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa hasken rana kai tsaye ba ya shiga cikin ta.

A matsayin abinci ya kamata a yi amfani da kwasfa na dankalin turawa, banana, ƙanƙara ko jan apple. Tare da ciyarwa, mutum bai kamata ya wuce gona da iri ba; don farawa, ƙananan yanka biyu ko uku na kwasfa na samfuran da aka bayyana a sama zasu isa.

• M! Zai kasance mai girma idan farkon aiwatar da kwanciyar abinci yana haɗuwa da ringan ƙara ruwa. Kwasfa ya kamata ya kasance a cikin ruwa har sai bayyanar farko ta lalacewa ko kamshi, yawanci ana ciyar da shi a duk kwanakin 5-7.

Bayan ciyarwa na farko, dabbobin daji zasu fara nuna kansu sosai. Bayan kamar kwanaki 4 zai yuwu a sake yin kwaskwarima ta farko tare da ido tsirara, kuma bayan kwana 10 sai ga alama dukkan bankin suna cike da sassan jikin juna.

Kuna iya lura da cikakkun bayanai game da ayyukan gidan ku yana godiya ga madaidaiciyar ruwan tabarau ko amfani da kyamaran gidan yanar gizo tare da maida hankali mai daidaitawa. Don kallo, ya kamata ka ɗora kwalin tablespoon na ruwa daga akwatin kifaye tare da ciliates da zub da dropsan saukad da kan “teburin binciken” (teburin binciken binciken tsabtace launi ne mai tsabta).

• M! Daga dropsan saukad cikin abin da ciliates suke, zaku iya cire dabbobin da suka fi aiki, kuma ku ƙirƙira musu wani akwatin wurin keɓaɓɓen. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a samo nau'in kiwo daga manyan mutane masu kwazo da kwazo.

Ya kamata a maye gurbin ruwan da ke cikin akwatin kifin a kowace rana na 15 (alas, yana miƙa 90-95% na dabbobinsu).

Kowane dabba na cikin ƙananan dabbobi za'a iya kiyaye shi na dogon lokaci. ta hanyar sanyaya su cikin sanyin a hankali, sannan a cikin injin daskarewa. A cikin ruwan sanyi, amoeba da infusoria sun daina wanzuwa, sun kewaye kansu da babban kabarin anabiotic kuma suna shirye su jira shekaru da yawa a cikin wannan jihar.

Idan zaku iya samun amoeba a cikin akwatin kifaye, to zaku iya saka idanu akan yadda take farauta don ciliates da shan su.

Gabaɗaya, duniyar mallakar dabbobi masu lalata microscopic kamar ciliates da amoeba shine sana'a mai ban sha'awa, saboda ba ku taɓa sani a san wanda kuka yi nasarar kamawa ba daga kamfen na yin caca ko jakar kuɗi. Bayan haka, ciliates mara lahani da ƙaddara da mugunta amoeba zasu iya rayuwa a ciki.

Skubitsky Igor Yuryevich,

Abin da za a ciyar

Takalma basu da ma'ana a cikin abinci. Kuna iya ciyar da su a gida. Don abinci mai gina jiki, suna buƙatar abubuwa don ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta. Ku ci kowane irin shuka, abincin kifi, madara da hanta. Don saukakawa, samfuran sun bushe, sannan a tsoma shi a cikin gauze a cikin tanki tare da ciliates. Domin kada ya rinjayi, wani yanki game da 2-3 cm zai isa.

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da jiko na hay don ciyar. Dafa shi mai sauqi qwarai. A cikin ruwan zãfi, runtse hay, a kowace g 10 a kowace lita 1 kuma ku bar zuwa simmer na minti 20. Zazzabi mai zafi zai kashe dukkan kwayoyin, amma kwayoyin zasu rayu, kuma su ne zasu ci gaba da ciyar da sinadaran. Zuba maganin da aka gama a cikin kowane akwati wanda ya dace kuma ya barshi a zazzabi a cikin kwanaki na kwanaki 2-3, a wannan lokacin ne kwayoyin zasu yawaita kuma za'a iya ciyar dasu zuwa ciliates. Ana kiran wannan nau'in abinci mai gina jiki - yisti hydrolysis, kuna buƙatar ƙara su zuwa ruwa a cikin nauyin 1 g a 10 l sau ɗaya a mako da rabi.

Hanya mafi sauki don ciyar da ciliates ita ce tare da madara da samfuran kiwo. Madara mara nauyi ko madara mai kwalliya mafi kyau. A cikin mafita, ƙara saukad da 2 a mako guda. Ciliates baya ciyar da madara da kanta, amma akan ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.

Lokacin ciyar da al'ada, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa lokacin da aka magance matsalar tare da ƙwayoyin cuta, ciliates zai fara mutuwa daga isasshen iska. Don kauce wa wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar saka idanu a hankali cikin sassan ƙwayoyin cuta da suka fada cikin tanki zuwa takalmin.

Yi amfani azaman ciyarwa

Bayan nasarar kiwo, zaku iya ci gaba zuwa tarin ciliates. Don saukakawa, ana ɗaukar mazaunin gaba ɗaya zuwa saman ruwa. Yi la'akari da hanyoyi 2 mafi dacewa da sauƙi don yin wannan:

Furr cakuda madara a cikin ruwa da kashe kashe. Bayan wannan, ya kasance jira 2 hours da ciliates kansu za surface.

An gabatar da maganin gishiri a cikin kwalbar, yana haifar da ciliates su taso kan ruwa.

Yanzu zaku iya ci gaba zuwa tarin kanta. Kuna iya tattara su ta amfani da tiyo. Hakanan zaka iya gina tsari wanda zai ciyar da soya koyaushe tare da sabbin ciliates. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar bututu na yau da kullun don masu farashi, wanda za'a iya sayansu a kantin magani. Sanya kwalba na ciliates sama da akwatin kifin, saka tiyo a ciki, ƙasa da daidaita ruwa daga tukunyar ta amfani da matsewa. Zai fi dacewa, ya kamata a samar da ruwa a saukad da na tsaka-tsakiya na sakan na 2-3.

Kowane mutum na iya yin irin wannan ƙaramin-gona don kiwo a cikin gida. Cin infusoria, soya zai girma lafiya da ƙarfi, wanda ke nufin za su iya rayuwa mai tsawo.

"Ƙura mai rai" tare da rotifers

Rotifers da aka fi sani a cikin tafkunan ba su wuce girman ciliates ba, kuma hanyar da suke namo iri ɗaya ce, ban da 'yan abubuwa kaɗan.

Ana iya samo al'adun rotifers daga cysts da aka girbe a wani kantin sayar da kaya ko ta hanyar samfurin daga wurin ruwan da yake kusa.

Tabbatar cewa crustaceans da larvae kwari ba su cika tare da rotifers ba - su ne maƙiyansu na halitta.

A lokacin namo, ana buƙatar hasken wutar lantarki - akalla awanni 10 a rana. Rotifers suna da tsawon rayuwa na kimanin makonni 4. Bayan wannan lokacin, ana bada shawara don maye gurbin yawancin ruwa a banki da gabatar da sabon cysts.

Habitat, tsari da motsi

Mafi saukin kwayoyin halitta wanda ke zaune a kusan dukkan wuraren wanki, babban amfanin shi shine ruwa mai tsafta. Tsawon ciliates na takalmin shine kawai mm 0,5, don haka yana da matukar wahala a lura da shi tare da tsirara ido har ma da ruwa mai tsabta. Siffar jikin ta tayi kama da igiya ko tafin takalmi, wanda shine dalilin wannan sunan.

Siffar kwayoyin halitta sune kasancewar kankanin cilia a saman jikin mutum. A karo na biyu, kowane ɗayansu yana yin raunin 25, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga motsi na takalmin. Infusoria yana motsawa da sauri - saurin ta biyu ba ya wuce mil 3 mm.

Asexual

Infusoria yawanci suna haifuwa ne da biyun - ya kasu kashi biyu. Kwayar halitta ta kasu kashi biyu, kuma a cikin kowane sabon ciliator akwai babba da karami daya. Kowane ɗayan ƙungiyoyi biyu suna karɓar sashin ƙwayoyin halitta, sauran kuma ana sake su sabuwa.

Sake bugun ciliates

Jima'i

Tare da rashin abinci ko canji a zazzabi, ciliates suna motsawa zuwa haihuwar jima'i, sannan kuma zasu iya juyawa zuwa cyst.

Yayin aiwatar da jima'i, karuwar yawan mutane baya faruwa. Ciliates biyu suna haɗuwa da juna na ɗan lokaci. A yayin saduwa, da ɓarnar ta narke da wasu hanyoyin hade tsakanin dabbobi. Babban mahimmancin kowane ciliator ya ɓace. An rarraba ƙananan ƙananan sau biyu. A kowane ciliator, nuclei na 'ya mace guda hudu ana yin su. Uku daga cikinsu sun lalace, na huɗu kuma ya sake rarraba. A sakamakon haka, murjiyoyi biyu suka kasance cikin kowannensu. Canjin nuclei na faruwa tare da gadar cytoplasmic, kuma a can ta haɗu da sauran nucleus. Sabuwar kwayar halitta da aka kirkira ta haifar da babba da kananan nuclei, kuma ciliates na rarrabuwa. Wannan aikin jima'i ana kiransa conjugation. Yana wuce kimanin awanni 12. Tsarin jima'i yana haifar da sabuntawa, musayar tsakanin mutane da kuma sake rarraba kayan gado (gado), wanda ke kara mahimmancin kwayoyin.

Tsarin rayuwar ciliates

Yadda za a yi girma ciliates a gida?

Kowane halitta mai rai, ko da sel ɗaya, yana buƙatar abinci. Babu banda shi ne ciliates-takalma. Matsakaicin abinci mai gina jiki a gare shi shine kwayoyin. Don haka, kuna buƙatar shirya yanayi inda zasu kasance a cikin wadatattun lambobi. Anyauki kowane akwati ku zuba ruwa mai akwatin a wurin. Yi ƙoƙarin tattara shi kusa da saman inda tsire-tsire suka fito. Kusan kowane akwatin kifaye da keɓaɓɓiyar tsarin halittu tuni yana da nasa ciliates, koda kuwa yawancinsu ba su yi ba tukuna.

Gaba, ƙara ganye na letas ko guda na kwasfa banana a cikin akwati. Wasu lokuta suna hade da abincin kifin algal (granular). A kusan kowace mashigar ƙwarewa koyaushe zaka iya siyan sa. Wasu masana sun ba da shawarar rarraba irin waɗannan nau'ikan abinci a cikin kwantena daban-daban.

Ya kamata a kiyaye dukkanin al'adun a cikin rana na akalla sati guda (idan tsawon lokaci ya yi, to ko da hakan ya fi kyau). Mafi kyau duka lokaci domin namo of ciliates, ta haka ne - bazara. Lokacin da ruwa ya yi duhu, wannan alama ce da ke nuna cewa masarautar ƙwayoyin cuta ta haɓaka. Na gaba, ciliates sun shiga cikin wasa. Kuna iya gano kamannin su ko da ba tare da microscopes da gilashin ƙara girman girman ba: ruwan ya zama ruwan hoda.

Duk abin aiki? Kuna iya ninka lardin ta hanyar ɗaukar wani tanki tare da al'adun ƙwayar cuta mai kama da ƙara ruwa kaɗan daga farkon. Ya kamata a ciyar da soya a zahiri tare da saukad da ruwa daga tanki inda ciliates ke zaune. Idan kun ƙara abinci fiye da abin da ke cikin tanda zai iya ci, takalmin zai mutu kawai, samfuran kayansu masu lalata zai lalata ruwan. Tabbas, yana da kyau a fara ko'ina da ruwa daga tafki mai buɗewa, inda ciliates yafi girma. Kuma a kowane hali, yana da kyawawa a sami wani microscope don kimanta abun cikin microorganism daidai.

Babban abinci don soya sune ciliates

da
rotifers
. Duk wani kifin cikin ruwa zai iya samun asali a gida, idan kawai ya kula da lafiyar kananan mazaunan akwatin kifaye.

Inda ciliates takalmin ke zaune

A ciliates takalma zaune a cikin sabo ne ruwa jikin. Darajar takalmin ciliates a yanayi abu ne mai inganci kawai, saboda inda ciliates suke zaune, ruwan yana tsafta koyaushe, kuma ba wani daidaituwa bane cewa kwayoyin cuta da microalgae, a matsayin gurɓatattun jikin ruwa, suna zama abinci ne na ciliates kuma ana cin su mai yawa ta wurin su.

Yawancin ciliates a jikin ruwa koyaushe yana haɗuwa da yawan abinci da mataimakin. A cikin wuraren ajiyar yanayi, ciliates na iya zama farkon abincin da za a fara soya.

Kwayar cutar infusoria

Tare da ciliates marasa lahani, akwai cututtukan ciliates kuma zasu iya cutar da lafiyar yawancin invertebrates da vertebrates. A cikin jerin ruwayoyin, infusoria parasitizing a jikin kifin yana kawo babban lahani. Wadannan ciliates na pathogenic na iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa, yawanci tare da mutuwar kifi.

Kwayar cutar infusoria ta haɗa da: Ciliary infusoria (cuta - Ichthyophthyriasis), infusoria Cryptocarion (cuta - Cryptocaryonosis), Ciliary daidai Chilodonellaspp. (cuta - Chylodonellosis ko cutar madara), tana maganin Brooklynella sp. (cuta - Brooklinellosis), Ciliary ciliary Trichodina sp. (cuta - Trichodiniasis), infusoria Tetrahymena sp. (cuta - Tetrachimena), Carchesium ciliates. Sp Epistylis sp. Vorticella sp. (cuta - mold na fata).

Babban adadin ciliates parasitic daban-daban na iya kasancewa a cikin akwatin gidan gida, amma suna da tasiri a kan kifi tare da raunana tsarin garkuwar jiki.

Infusoria don soya

A cikin abubuwan binciken ruwa, idan ya danganta tashin soya, marassa tushe na iya zama mai mahimmanci. Takalmin ciliates shine mafi karancin abinci a rayuwa, girmansa shine 0.1-0.3 mm kuma ya dace daidai da fara abinci don soya na ƙananan nau'in kifaye, har ma da soya, wanda ban da ciliates, ba sa son ganin wani abu. Don samar da soya tare da farawa da farawa, yawancin masu ruwa da tsaran ruwa suna ba da ciliates a gida.

Yadda za a yi kiwo ciliates a gida

Ciliates takalma na nufin unelellular protozoa. Tsarin haifuwa na iya zama duka biyu masu bada jima'i ne kuma sun hada da rarraba sel, da kuma jima'i. Kuna iya tsar da ciliates a cikin kwalba na lita uku na yau da kullun, amma da farko kuna buƙatar tsarma abinci don takalmin a cikin yanayinmu - waɗannan sune ƙwayoyin cuta.

Don ƙirƙirar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, zaka iya amfani da: busassun banana banana, ƙafafun karas, madara mara ƙanshi, ƙawarar hay. Ya kamata a dauki ruwa kawai daga cikin akwatin kifin mai lafiya kuma wanda ba a yi amfani da magunguna a baya ba.

Lura: wasu masu neman ruwa a cikin bidiyoyin su suna nuna yadda za'a cire duk ciliates daga cikin akwatin kifaye don yiwuwar kiwo mai zuwa, cire soso daga matatar sannan sai a matse duk wannan datti a cikin tulu. Ba na ba da shawarar yin irin wannan wawancin domin infusoria ba zai iya rayuwa cikin soso kuma babu wani abu ban da datti da tarkace.

Furtherarin gaba, don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, mun sanya shi a cikin gilashi kuma kaɗan kaɗan waɗanda ba su cikin samfuran da aka lissafa. Misali, koyaushe ina amfani da ƙafafun karas 2-3 ko ƙaramin cm cm 4. Wani yanki na busasshen banana.

Wadanda suke son shayarwa a kan madara suna buƙatar sanin cewa ba a ƙara digo biyu na 2-3 a cikin gilashi ba, kuma game da hay broth, maida hankali wanda zai iya zama daban ga kowa a nan, kamar yadda suke faɗi ta ido ko kusan babu 2-3 tablespoons cokali.

Rufe tulu tare da murfi kuma jira kwanaki 1-2 har sai ruwan da ke banki ya zama girgije. Lokacin da ruwan da yake cikin tulu ya zama mai gajimare, dole ne mu kama da jefa ƙafafun karas ko peel peels daga cikin tukunyar, kuma idan kun cika shi da madara ko ƙamshin mai ƙamshi kuma akwai wari mara dadi, kuna buƙatar tsarma ruwan a cikin kwalbar da ruwa daga akwatin kifaye kuma idan ba a yi hakan ba, ruwan da yake cikin tukunyar zai juye zuwa irin wannan cewa infusoria ba ya ciki, to ba zai iya yin saki a ciki ba, kwayoyin masu yaduwa daga nan kuma kamshin da ba a iya jurewa na naman da ya lalace ya bayyana.

Bayanan kula: wasu aquarists waɗanda a baya a fili ba bred ciliates nuna kwarewarsu a cikin bidiyo. Yakamata mutum ya yi mamakin yadda yawancin mayun banana suka fada tulu. Me yasa irin naman da aka lalace? Infusoria ba zai zauna a ciki ba!

Bayan ruwan da ke cikin tukunyar ya zama girgije daga ƙwayoyin cuta mai yaduwa, kuma kun cire duk samfuran don ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta daga cikin tukunyar, muna barin kwalba kaɗai tsawon kwanaki 7-10. Duk wannan lokacin, a zazzabi a daki 25 zuwa 27 °, a ciliates din bankin zai ninka sosai, kuma yayin da aka cinye dukkan kwayoyin daga gare su, ruwan zai zama bayyananne. Ciliates zai zama a bayyane ga ido tsirara, babu wani wari mara dadi, kuma ana iya ciyar da ciliates don soya ta hanyar zuba ruwa daga gwangwani tare da ruwa.

Lura: nau'ikan nau'ikan ciliates suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa na akwatin kifaye, daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda fis ɗin ba su ci, kuma don ɗaga soya yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsararren al'adun ciliates. Kuna iya samun kyakkyawan al'ada na ciliates na takalmin a tsakanin ƙwararrun masu ruwa da tsaki na masu shayar da kifi ko ƙoƙarin raba takalmin da sauran nau'ikan ciliates kanka.