Antarctica wata ƙasa ce da ke da yanayin yanayin zafi. Yanayin zafin jiki da yake kan yawancin yankuna basu taba tashi sama da daskarewa ba, kuma duk nahiyar ta rufe kankara. Bayan haka, Yankin Kudancin da ke kewaye da Antarctica shine ɗayan halittu masu ban al'ajabi a duniya kuma shine gida ga halittu da yawa masu ban al'ajabi.

Yawancin dabbobi ƙaura ne, saboda yanayin Afirka yana da wahala sosai ga mazaunin dindindin da lokacin hunturu.

A lokaci guda, yawancin jinsuna ana samun su ne kawai a cikin Antarctica (dabbobin da ke rayuwa a yanki ɗaya kawai ana kiransu endemic) kuma sun sami damar daidaitawa ga mazaunin mummunan yanayin. Tun da aka gano Antarctica ne kawai shekaru 200 da suka gabata, ba a amfani da nau'in gida a cikin rayuwar ɗan adam, wanda ke haifar da ɗayan abubuwan ban mamaki na dabbobin daji na Antarctica: mutane suna da sha'awar su kamar yadda suke da mutane. Ga baƙi, wannan yana nufin cewa mafi yawan dabbobi za a iya kusantar, kuma ba za su gudu ba, kuma ga masu bincike - damar da za a yi nazarin fayel na Antarctica mafi kyau. Koyaya, ya zama dole la'akari da gaskiyar cewa yarjejeniyoyin Antarctic sun hana taɓa dabbobi na daji!

A cikin wannan labarin, mun tattara jerin abubuwa tare da taƙaitaccen bayanin da hotunan wasu sanannun wakilai na fauna na mafi sanyi a duniya - Antarctica.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa

Whales daya ne daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki da halittu masu ban mamaki a duniya. Whale mai bakin ruwa shine dabba mafi girma da ta taɓa rayuwa a doron duniya, mai nauyin tan 100 fiye da ɗari, suna da sauƙi fiye da dinosaur mafi nauyi. Hatta "talakawa" babban dabbar Whale yana da girma kuma ana ɗaukarsa ƙirar halitta mai ban sha'awa da gaske. Whales suna da girma, amma dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, kuma suna da wahalar karatu. Suna da hankali sosai, tare da hadaddun rayuwar zamantakewa da cikakkiyar 'yanci na motsi.

Whales suna cikin rukunin dabbobi masu shayarwa da ake kira cetaceans, tare da dabbobin ruwa da kuma kifayen kwari. Su ne dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar mutane, karnuka, kuliyoyi, giwaye da sauransu. Wato, ba za a iya kira su kifi ba. Whales yana jan numfashi sabili da haka dole ya tashi zuwa saman lokaci zuwa lokaci don daukar iska. Sun haifi 'yayansu masu rai waɗanda suke zama tare da mahaifiyarsu har shekara ɗaya kuma suna shayar da madara. Whales suna da jini-dumi kuma suna da kwarangwal irin na mutane (duk da haka an inganta su sosai).

Whales na Antarctica ana kiransu duk kifi Whales da ke cin lokaci akalla na lokaci a cikin shekara kusa da bakin tekun na Afirka. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Blue Whale (Matsakaicin tsararren namiji shine 25 m, mace - 26.2 m. Matsakaicin girman jikin mutum shine 100 - 120 tan),
• Kudancin Kifi Whale (Matsakaicin tsawon 20 m da nauyi 96 t),
• Sifik (tsawon jikin 18 m, nauyi - 80 t),
• Finval (Length daga 18 zuwa 27 m, nauyi 40-70 t),
• Nama maniyyi (matsakaita tsawon 17 m, matsakaita nauyi 35 t),
• Humpback kifi (Matsakaicin tsawon 14 m, nauyi 30 t),
• Kudan kishi na Minke (Length - 9 m, nauyi - 7 t),
• Kisa whale (Tsawon Jini daga 8,7 zuwa 10 m, nauyi har zuwa 8 t).

Kerguelen fur hatimi

Kerguelen fur hatimi ne na dangi da aka sani da seals like. (Otariidae)wanda ya haɗa da barkonon tsohuwa da zakunan teku.

A zahiri da yanayi, waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna kama da babban kare. Suna da ikon jan tsoffin faifai na baya ƙarƙashin jikinsu kuma su ɗaga nauyinsu tare da fuskokin gaba, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke da sassauƙawa akan ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da sauran pinnipeds.

Maza sun kai yawan kilogram 200 da sau 4 fiye da mace. Ba su iyakance galibi zuwa tsibiran submarctic, tare da kashi 95% na yawan tsibirin South Georgia.

Damisawar Tekun

Ana kiran damisa teku saboda tsintsaye a jikinsa, yana daya daga cikin manyan mafarauta a Antarctica. Yawan nauyin maza ya kai kilogiram 300, kuma mace - 260-500 kg. Tsawon jikin mace ya bambanta da 2.8-3.3 m, da mace 2.9-3.8 m.

Abincin abinci na damisa na teku ya bambanta sosai. Zasu iya cin kowace dabba da za su iya yanka. Abincin ya ƙunshi kifi, squid, penguins, tsuntsaye da kuma hatimin matasa.

Leopards na teku ba ƙwararrun masani bane idan aka kwatanta da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. Dogon ruwa mafi dadewa bai wuce minti 15 ba, don haka dabbobin su kasance kusa da buɗaɗɗun ruwa, kuma kada su nisanci nisanci ƙarƙashin kankara mai ci gaba. Sun iya yin iyo da sauri har zuwa 40 km / h.

Hatimi na Crabeater

An yi imanin cewa hatimin kwanyar Crabeater sune manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa na nahiyar. Mutanen da suka manyanta sunkai kilogiram 200-300 kuma suna da tsawon jiki kimanin kimanin 2.6 m. Waɗannan dabbobi ne kawai, duk da haka, zasu iya yin kwance a cikin ƙananan rukuni, waɗanda ke haifar da sha'awar dangi na zamantakewa. Haƙiƙa haƙiƙa mai yiwuwa ne tsakanin uwaye da jariransu.

Ba sa cin ƙiraje, duk da suna. Abincinsu ya ƙunshi kashi 95% na Antarctic krill, sauran sune squid da kifi. Sun dace sosai da kama krill godiya ga haƙoransu, wanda sune sieve don kama ganima daga ruwa.

Tun da hatimin kayan adon kayan marmari ke ciyar da akan krill, basa buƙatar nutsewa cikin zurfi da dadewa. Misalin nutsewa zuwa zurfin 20-30 m, yana ɗaukar mintuna 11, amma an rubuta su a zurfin 430 m.

Seal Aure

Auren aure na weddell dabbobi ne masu shayarwa da suke rayuwa a kan kankara. Yawan nauyin manya ya bambanta tsakanin kilogiram 400-450, tsayin jikin mutum shine 2.9 m (a cikin maza) da kuma 3.3 m (a cikin mata).

Suna ciyar da akasari akan kifi, haka ma squids da invertebrates a cikin adadi kaɗan. Wakar aure ta weddell tana da kyau kwarai, sun iya nutse har zuwa zurfin mita 600 kuma suna cin ruwa a cikin ruwa har na tsawon mintina 82.

Girman yawan waɗannan dabbobin yana da wuyar kimantawa, tunda suna zaune kusa da Yankin Arctic da kankara mai narkewa.

Kudin giwa

Elean farin giwa Kudancin shine mafi girma daga dukkan hatimin kuma suna nuna alamar ƙarancin jima'i. Yawan nauyin maza ya bambanta tsakanin 1500-3700 kg, kuma mace - 350-800 kg. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 4.5-5.8 m, da mace - 2.8 m.

Yawancin abincin ya ƙunshi squid, amma shima kifi yana nan (kusan 75% squid kuma har zuwa kifi 25%). Maza, a matsayinka na mai mulki, je gaba kudu, suna neman ganima.

Giwayen Kudancin - nau'ikan ban sha'awa, sun nutse zuwa zurfin 300-500 m na minti 20-30. Ana samun su a ko'ina cikin Antarctica, har zuwa kudu kudu.

Antarctic tern

Antarctic tern wani misali ne na dangin tern. Wannan karamin tsuntsu ne 31-38 cm tsayi, mai nauyin 95-120 g, kuma tare da fikafitiyik mai nauyin 66-77. Gefen sa yawanci duhu ne ko baƙi. Umwaya itace mafi yawanci launin toka ko fari, akwai "hula" a baki. Nasihun fikafikan wannan tern suna da launin toka-baki.

Suna ciyar da kifi da krill, musamman lokacin da suke cikin Antarctica. Krachki sun lura da abin da za su cinye daga iska, sannan kuma su nutse cikin ruwa bayan shi.

Antarctic blue-sa ido cormorant

Antarctic blue-eyed cormorant shine kawai memba na cormorant iyali da aka samu a Antarctica. Suna zaune tare da dutsen Kudancin Antilles da Antarctic Peninsula, suna zurfafa zuwa kudu. Wannan halin ana nuna shi da launi mai haske mai haske da launin shuɗi-rawaya a gindi, wanda ya zama babba kuma mai haske yayin lokacin kiwo. Girman jikin mutum shine 1.8-3.5 kilogiram, yayin da maza suke da ɗan nauyi fiye da mace. Tsawon jikin mutum ya banbanta daga 68 zuwa 76 cm, kuma fikafin nisan ya kai mita 1.1.

Suna ciyar da kifayen kan kifi, sau da yawa suna haifar da “tarko” na dubun ko ɗaruruwan tsuntsayen da suke nutsewa cikin ruwa sau da yawa kuma suna taimakon junan su. Wadannan masu ba da agaji sun sami damar nutse zuwa zurfin 116 a lokacin yin iyo, suna ɗaure fikafikan su a jiki kuma suna amfani da ƙafafunsu na yanar gizo.

Farar fata

White Plover yana ɗayan nau'ikan halittar yara biyu Chionidae. Ta fi son yanayin rayuwar ƙasa. Lokacin yin tafiya, nods kansa kamar kurciya. Tsarin jikin mutum ya bambanta daga 460 zuwa 780 g, tsayin jikin mutum shine 34-41 cm, da fikafikai - 75-80 cm.

Pan fararen fata ba su da ƙafafun ƙafa, saboda haka yakan samo abincinsa a ƙasa. Tana da iko sosai kuma ana santa da kleptoparasitism (sata krill da kifi daga penguins, wani lokacin kuma suna cin ƙwai da kajin). Hakanan yana ciyarwa akan safarar dabbobi da kuma keɓewar dabbobi, kuma, in ya yiwu, ƙazamar ɗan adam.

Pintado

Cape Dove ya kasance ne a cikin dangin gas. Girmansa ya kai 430 g, tsayin jikin mutum - 39 cm, kuma fuka-fukan ya kai cm cm 8. Launin gashin fuka-fukan wannan tsuntsu baki ne da fari.

Cape Dove tana ciyar da krill, kifi, squid, kaya da sharar jirgin ruwa, in akwai. Yawancin lokaci sukan kama ganima a saman ruwa, amma a wasu lokutan ma sai su nutse a hankali.

Dankin kankara

Abubuwan dusar kankara sune fararen tsuntsaye waɗanda suke da baki baki da idanu. Su ne girman tattabara, kuma babu makawa mafi kyau ga dukkan tsuntsayen Antarctic. Tsawon jiki shine 30-40 cm, fikafikai - 75-95 cm, da nauyi - 240-460 g.

Suna ciyar da abinci akan krill kuma yakamata su kasance kusa da teku don samun abinci. An samo su a bakin iyakar Antarctica, kuma, kamar yadda ka sani, mafi nisa a cikin zurfin nahiyar (har zuwa kilomita 325 daga gabar tekun), a cikin tsaunukan da ke kankara a kan kankara.

Gudun albatross

Albatross mai yawo shine tsuntsu mafi tsayi da fikafikai (daga 3.1 zuwa 3.5 m). Wannan tsuntsu na iya yin dogon zirga-zirga na tsawon kwanaki 10-20, a nesa zuwa 10,000, tare da yin amfani da karfi kadan fiye da lokacin da suke zaune a kan gida.

Matsakaicin matsakaici ya kai kilogiram 5.9 zuwa 12.7; maza sunkai kusan 20% fiye da na mace. Tsayin jikin mutum ya bambanta daga 107 zuwa 135 cm.

Tushen abincin shine kifi, squid da crustaceans. Tsuntsu yana farauta da daddare a saman ruwa ko ruwa a hankali. Gudun bakin ruwa na albatross yana bin kwale-kwale da jiragen ruwa kowane iri inda aka zubar da abinci. Gaskiya ne don jiragen ruwa na kamun kifi waɗanda ke jefa kifayen kifaye.

Kudancin Kudu Skuas

Kudancin pola na kudu suna manyan tsuntsaye. Matsakaicin nauyin maza shine 900-1600 g, kuma galibi suna kanana kadan da kuma wuta fiye da mace. Tsawon matsakaita: 50-55 cm, da fikafikan 130-140 cm. Suna da mazauni a Antarctica na entalasashen Turai kuma suna girma daga kudu. An yi rikodin waɗannan tsuntsayen a Kudancin Kudu.

Suna ciyar da akasari akan kifi da krill, kodayake ƙwai na penguin, kajin da bugun fata za'a iya haɗa su a cikin abincin, gwargwadon mazauninsu. An hango skuas na pola na kudu daga sace kifayen daga wasu nau'in tsuntsayen.

Juyoloji na antarctica

Antarctica ita ce babbar kudanci a doron duniya. Geographically, Kudancin kudu yana cikin Antarctica. Nahiyar ta kewaya da Tekun Kudancin. Antarctica yana da yankin murabba'in kilomita 14,200,000wanda ya ninka girman Australiya.

Kashi 98% na ƙasar Antarctica an rufe shi da kankara, kauri wanda a wasu wuraren ya kai kilomita 4.7 - don haka ɓawon burodi ya rufe kusan dukkanin yankuna banda na arewaci. Harshen ruwan sanyi na Antarctica yana halin matsanancin yanayin zafi, zafin rana mai ƙarfi da bushewa mai ban mamaki.

Kusan dukkanin hazo ya faɗi a cikin yanayin dusar ƙanƙara kuma an iyakance shi ga ƙaramin yanki kawai, kimanin kilomita 300 daga bakin tekun. A wasu yankuna, mil 50 kawai na hazo zai iya faɗuwa kowace shekara.

Zazzage mafi ƙarancin yanayin da aka taɓa yin rikodin Duniya ba kawai an yi shi ba a Antarctica a tashar Vostok Antarctic, da ke kan Polar Plateau, a -89.4 ° C. Ko da a cikin irin wannan yanayin mawuyacin hali akwai rayuwa, amma yana yiwuwa kawai ga exremophiles.

Antarctica - labarin ƙasa

Zazzabi a Yankin Kudancin baya canzawa sosai cikin shekara - koyaushe yana cikin kewayon 1-2 ° C. A lokacin rani, kankara kan rufe murabba'in kilomita 4,000,000 na teku. Tsarin na Antarctica na nahiyar ya shimfida tsawon kilomita 60 a tsayi kuma tsawon kilomita 240. Zurfin a cikin wadannan yankuna ya kai mita 500. Isasan shine cakuda yashi, laka da tsakuwa.

Yanayin babban ɓangare na Antarctica yana bushe sosai, amma ɓangaren yammacin na ƙasa da tsibirin subantarctic sun fi dacewa da rayuwa, saboda haka akwai can cewa faren na fure yana haɓaka. Wadannan yankuna zasu iya karɓar ruwan sama kusan mm 900 a kowace shekara - wani lokacin ma sai tayi ruwa a can. Yankin arewacin shi kadai ne wurin Antarctica inda yanayin zafi yake iya tashi sama da 0 ° C. Saboda zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki yasa tsibirin na can ƙarƙashin ƙasa keɓantattun dabbobi daban-daban.

Fauna na antarctica

Babban wakilan wakilan gidan Antarctic su ne extromophiles, waɗanda dole su daidaita da matsanancin bushewa da matsanancin yanayin zafi. Verarfin yanayin zafi na babban ɓangaren nahiyar ya bambanta da ƙarfi tare da taushi wanda ke bambanta yankin Antarctic Peninsula da tsibirin subantarctic - suna da yanayin zafi da zafi sosai. Ruwan Tekun Kudancin, wanda ke wanke Antarctica, galibi an rufe da kankara. Filin bude wurare wani yanayi ne mai dorewa na rayuwa, duka a cikin ruwa da kuma kasan.

Antarctic fauna ba ta bambanta musamman dangane da sauran nahiyoyi. Rayuwa akan ƙasa an fi mai da hankali akasarin yankunan bakin teku. Tsuntsayen gidaje a mafi yawan sassan sanyin yanayi na Antarctic Peninsula da tsibirin subantarctic. Ruwan teku ya kasance gida 10 nau'in cetaceans. Hanyoyin ƙasa suna tafiya, kodayake ba rarrabewa da bambancin su, ɗauki adadin su. Babban adadin wakilan nau'in vertebrate suna zaune a cikin teku.

A cikin Antarctica, ba ƙasa ba Nau'in dabbobi iri 235Girman su wanda ya bambanta daga kifayen tsuntsaye da tsuntsaye zuwa kananan katantanran teku, kankaran teku da tsutsotsi da suke rayuwa cikin laka Dabbobin Antarctic sun daidaita don rage asara, sau da yawa tare da ɗabi'a ta zahiri, sutturar iska da katako mai yawa.

'Yan Cetaceans

Blue Whale

p, blockquote 20,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 21,0,0,0,0 ->

Kudan kifi mara lafiya

p, blockquote 22,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 23,0,0,0,0 ->

Jirgin ruwa

p, blockquote 24,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 25,0,0,0,0 ->

Finwal

p, blockquote 26,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 27,0,0,0,0 ->

Maniyyi saha

p, blockquote 28,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 29,0,0,0,0 ->

Humpback kifi Whale

p, blockquote 30,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 31,0,0,0,0 ->

Minke kifi Whale

p, blockquote 32,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 33,0,0,0,0 ->

Kisan kifi

p, blockquote 34,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 35,1,0,0,0 ->

Flat-kai da aka kula da fararen karar

p, blockquote 36,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 37,0,0,0,0 ->

Yawo

Antarctic tern

p, blockquote 38,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 39,0,0,0,0 ->

Antarctic blue-sa ido cormorant

p, blockquote 40,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 41,0,0,0,0 ->

Farar fata

p, blockquote 42,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 43,0,0,0,0 ->

Pintado

p, blockquote 44,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 45,0,0,0,0 ->

Dankin kankara

p, blockquote 46,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 47,0,0,0,0 ->

Gudun albatross

p, blockquote 48,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 49,0,0,0,0 ->

Kudancin Kudu Skuas

p, blockquote 50,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 51,0,0,0,0 ->

Kudancin ruwa na Kudancin

p, blockquote 52,0,0,1,0 ->

p, blockquote 53,0,0,0,0 ->

Gashinan Wilson

p, blockquote 54,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 55,0,0,0,0 ->

Guillemot

p, blockquote 56,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 57,0,0,0,0 ->

M

Emperor penguin

p, blockquote 58,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 59,0,0,0,0 ->

Sarki penguin

p, blockquote 60,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 61,0,0,0,0 ->

Penguin Submarctic

p, blockquote 62,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 63,0,0,0,0 ->

Adelie Penguin

p, blockquote 64,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 65,0,0,0,0 ->

Penguin da aka Kama

p, blockquote 66,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 67,0,0,0,0 ->

Papuan penguin

p, blockquote 68,0,0,0,0 ->

p, blockquote 69,0,0,0,0 ->

Kammalawa

Fauna na Antarctica yana da takamaiman tsari kuma yawancin wakilai masu ruwa na ruwa suna wakilta. Dabbobin da suka fi kowa cin gajiyar wannan nahiya hatimi ne. Akwai giram ɗin giwaye da damisa a bakin teku. Adadin wadatattun arthropods na wannan nahiyar shine kawai 67 jinsunan ticks da nau'ikan lice 4.Duk dabbobin da suke wannan nahiya suna da damar canza rayuwa don rayuwa a cikin wannan mummunan yanayin. Yawancin asirin wannan yankin na dindindin har yanzu masana kimiyya suna nazarin shi.

Siffofin dabbobi na Antarctica

Sakamakon yanayin rayuwa mai wahala a ɓangaren duniya, ba wakilai masu yawan dabbobin daji da yawa. Yawancinsu ƙaura ne, wato, lokacin da yanayin sanyi ya shiga, sai su ƙaura zuwa wurin mai daɗi. Duniya mai rai tana da alaƙa tare da tekun teku kuma kaɗan kaɗan tare da tekun. Ba shi yiwuwa a sadu da mazaunan ƙasar gaba ɗaya a nan. Ruwan suna da wadataccen abinci a cikin garin plankton - tushen abinci ga cetaceans (shhale shuɗi, finwal, maniyyi whales, kisa whale), pinnipeds (seals, giwayen teku), kifi, tsuntsaye.

Tsuntsayen antarctica

Babban tsuntsu na Antarctica, wanda ke da alaƙa da wannan nahiya, shine penguin. Yawancin jinsunan wannan tsuntsu mai ban sha'awa suna zaune a Antarctica. Mafi girman wakilcin tsuntsaye akan doron duniya shine penguin Emperor. ci gabanta na iya kaiwa ga cm 122. Gidajen su shi ne tsaunika da duwatsu, inda suke zama a cikin manyan yankuna.

Penguin mai martaba sarki yana da matukar kyau ga Antarctica, shine, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ne gaba ɗaya kan yankin Kudancin Kudu kuma ba'a same su ko'ina ba.

Hoto 2. Penguin Emperor.

Wani sarki dan sarki shima yana zaune a Antarctica. Wannan kuma babban nau'in adalci ne, amma bai kai girman girman sarki ba. Matsakaicin matsakaicinsa shine 100 cm kuma nauyinsa shine kilogiram 18. Baya ga girman wadannan penguins, ana rarrabe sarki mai farin jini ta hanyar amfani da launuka masu kyau. Babban abinci shine kifi da squid.

Peninsuin Submarctic wani mazaunin duniyar duniyar "yankin sanyi" ne. Sunansa na biyu shi ne papuan penguin. Ana iya bambanta waɗannan tsuntsayen daga wasu nau'in penguin ta ɗan baka mai launin ja-ja. Bugu da kari, papuan penguin din yana da mafi wutsiya mai tsawo idan aka kwatanta da sauran penguins.

Dankin dusar ƙanƙara wani tsuntsu ne mai kyawu wanda ke rayuwa a nahiyar. Wannan tsuntsu yana da farin rudewa tare da baki baki da idanun baƙi. Tana ciyar da crustaceans, Antarctic krill, squid. Fi son ƙirƙirar gidaje akan tsaunukan dutse.

Babban gilashin tsuntsayen tsuntsu ne wanda kwatankwacinsa bai yi kama da dusar ƙanƙara ba. Zabinsa mai launin toka, yana ciyar da kifi, wani lokacin ma yana iya farautar penguins.

Daga cikin tsuntsayen, mutum na iya rarrabe Antarctic blue-eyed cormorant, farin falo, yawo albatross.

Sauran dabbobi

Antarctic krill yana tartsatsi a Yankin Kudancin. Karamin crustacean shine babban abinci ga yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi da tsuntsaye na Antarctica. Tsawonta shine 6 cm, nauyi - 2 g, da kuma tsammanin rayuwa - har zuwa shekaru 6.

Hoto 3. Antarctic krill.

A cikin Antarctica, akwai jinsi ɗaya kawai na kwari. Wannan shi ne Belgica Antarctica, wanda kwari ne mai baƙar fata. Launin baƙi yana taimakawa tara ƙarfin wuta, don haka tsira daga yanayin zafi-ƙasa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki da kwaro zai iya tsayayyawa shine -15 digiri.

Bayanin Yaki

Invertebrates suna wakilta ta hanyar arthropods (kwari da arachnids), rotifers, tardigrades (Acutuncus antarcticus) da kuma nematodes din da suke rayuwa cikin kasa. Antarctic zooplankton, da farko krill, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, shine tushen sarkar abincin nau'ikan kifaye, cetaceans, squid, like, penguins da sauran dabbobi. A cikin ruwan tafkuna na ruwan kogin na bakin teku - “kwaruruka-bushe” - akwai tsabtattun halayen oligotrophic wanda aka mamaye da launin shuɗi-kore, huɗar iska, gyaɗaɗɗen ruwa (guguwa) da daphnia.

Saurin Antarctic fauna na arthropods, yin la'akari da tsibirin Antarctic tsibirin (kudu na 60 ° S), aƙalla akwai nau'ikan 130: ticks (67 jinsuna), Collembola (19), ƙamshi lice (37), lice (4), fleas (1), diplomasiyya (2) . Na waɗannan, 54 siffofin parasitic ne.

Maxillofacial

Nau'in Collembole Antarcticus na Cryptopygus, yana zaune tsakanin mosses da lichens, inda yake ciyarwa akan detritus. Dubawa Gressittacantha terranova samu akan Victoria Land. Gabaɗaya, a cikin Antarctic, la'akari da yankin Antarctic Peninsula (a gabar yamma da yamma, Friesea grisea, Cryptopygys ​​antarcticus, Tullbergia mediantarctica, Parisotoma octooculata, Archisotoma brucei) da tsibirai masu tsibiran Antarctic (Tullbergia antarctica, Tullbergia mixta) samo nau'ikan 17 na colmbolas daga 13 na iyalai 4. Fiye da rabi daga cikinsu suna cikin tasirin gaske. Friesea grisea An samo shi kusa da tashar Rasha ta Antarctic Molodezhnaya.

Kwayoyin cuta

• Belgica antarctica - baƙar fata mai sauro-baki mai kararrawa daga dangin Chironomidae (difachment difachment). Antarctic Peninsula na Antarctica (daga matakin teku zuwa 150 m, kudu zuwa 64 ° S). Wadannan nau'in Antarctic endemic ana daukar su mafi girma a zahiri, wadanda ba su barin saman duniya, dabbobi na Antarctica.

• Antarcticus na Glaciopsyllus - wani nau'in tsalle-tsalle daga dangin Ceratophyllidae yana parasitizing akan kananan kaji Fulmarus glacialoides (abin al'ajabi na Halifa), a kan dusar kankara (Pagodroma nivea), Antarctic petrel (Thalassoica antarctica), Cape Dove (Abincin Zaɓi) da kuma kursiyin Wilson (Oceanites oceanicus) .

Mutum

A halin yanzu babu mazaunan Antarctica. Koyaya, da dama daga cikin tashoshin bincike suna nan, a cikin adadin adadin masu binciken ya bambanta daga mutane 1000 a cikin hunturu zuwa 4000 a lokacin rani (akwai kimanin citizensan ƙasa 150 na Rasha a tashoshin 7).

Mutumin farko da aka Haifa a Antarctica za'a iya kiran shi [ saka ] Solveig Gunbjorg Jacobsen na kasar Norway, wanda aka haife shi a mazaunin Whalers Gryutviken a tsibirin South Georgia a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1913.

Mutumin farko da aka Haifa a Antarctica da kansa ana ɗaukar dan kasar Argentina Emilio Marcos Palma (Janairu 7, 1978, a tashar polar "Esperanza").

Antarctica Dinosaurs

Abun farko na dinosaur a Antarctica an yi shi ne a 1986: ankylosaurus Antarctopelta . Ya zuwa yanzu, 'yan nau'in dinosaurs ne kawai aka samo, wanda shine saboda ainihin gaskiyar cewa kusan kashi 98% na saman Antarctica yanzu yana ƙarƙashin kankara. Yawancin burbushin halittun da aka samu na dabaibaye ne, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa da yawa daga cikinsu basu sami sunan kimiyya ba. A Ross Island, a arewa maso yammacin Antarctica, an samo ragowar ankylosaurs da dinosaur daga rukunin tarin ƙwayoyin cuta. A tsibirin Vega, an samo dinosaur daga rukunin hadrosaur. A 1991, a Antarctica, a kan tsaunin Dutsen Kilpatrick, an samo ragowar prozavropod, har ma da wani nau'in murhun leda, wanda ya kai mita bakwai a tsayi kuma yana da murfin kansa a kan faɗin 20 cm.

Kudancin ruwa na Kudancin

Gian ƙaramin ɗan kwastan na tsuntsu shine tsuntsu na ganima daga dangin petrel. Girmansu shine kilo 5 5 kuma tsawon jikinsu shine cm cm 8. Tsuntsu ya bambanta daga 180 zuwa 205 cm.

Abincin ya ƙunshi gawawwakin gawa da siran da penguins, ɗaukar kaya, squid, krill, crustaceans, da sharar gida daga jiragen ruwa ko kwale-kwale na kamun kifi.

Mafi sau da yawa, ana samun waɗannan tsuntsaye a tsibirin Antarctic da tsibirin submarctic. Suna zaune a fili a cikin tsibirin Falkland.

Fauna fasali

Fauna na Antarctica tana da tarihinta na da. A can can nesa, har ma da dinosaur da ke zaune a tsibirin. Amma a yau babu kwari har ma saboda iska mai ƙarfi.

A yau, Antarctica baya cikin kowace jiha a duniya. Duniyar halitta ba za a taba yuwa a nan ba! Dabbobin da ke nan ba sa tsoron mutane, suna da ban sha'awa a gare su, saboda ba su san haɗarin daga mutumin da ya gano wannan duniyar mai ban mamaki ba ƙarni ƙarnuka da suka wuce.

Da yawa Dabbobin Antarctica ƙaura - ba kowa ba ne zai iya zama a cikin wannan mawuyacin yanayi. Babu wata kasa mai mallakar kafaffun kafa huɗu a cikin nahiyar. Dabbobin ruwa masu ruwa, pinnipeds, manyan tsuntsaye - wancan Dabbobin Antarctica. Bidiyo yana nuna yadda rayuwar duk mazaunan ke da alaƙa da bakin tekun teku da kuma ruwan rafukan babban birni.

Zooplankton, wanda yake da wadataccen ruwa a kewayen babban yankin, shine babban abincin da yawa daga mazauna wurin daga penguins, mazauna Antarctica na asalin Antarctica har zuwa kifayen fata.

Shudi, ko shuɗi, Whale (amai)

Dabba mafi girma tana nauyin tan 100-150, tsayin jikinta har zuwa mita 35. Jimlar nauyin shine kimanin tan 16. Kattai suna ciyar da kananun dabbobin crustacean, wadanda suke da yawa a cikin dusar kankara. Gwaiwa kawai a rana, kifayen suna cin abinci har miliyan 4.

A zuciyar abincin - mafi yawan lokuta plankton. Apparasar da aka girka ta faranti Whalebone yana taimakawa rage abincin. Ciyar da manyan kifayen bakin ruwa suma ceflopods da ƙananan kifi, krill, manyan crustaceans. Whale ciki yana ɗaukar abinci har tan biyu.

Lowerashin baya na kai, amai da ciki a cikin ɗakunan fatar, wanda ya shimfiɗa lokacin da ya haɗiye abinci da ruwa, yana inganta kayan hydrodynamic na Whale.

Wuri, kamshi, ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano suna da rauni. Amma ji da taɓawa musamman haɓaka. An sa kifayen Whales kadai. Wani lokaci a wurare masu wadata a abinci, rukuni-rukuni na ƙattai 3-4 sun bayyana, amma dabbobi suna nuna warwatse.

Ruwa mai zurfi a 200-500 m madadin tare da gajeren ruwa. Saurin tafiya yana kusan kilomita 35-45 / h. Zai yi kama da cewa giant ɗin ba shi da abokan gaba. Amma harin garken kisa Whales mai kisa ne ga mutane daban-daban.

Humpback kifi (Humpback)

Girman rabin rabin whale ne mai shuɗi, amma yanayin aiki yana haifar da babbar barazana ga waɗanda ke kusa da dabba mai haɗari. Gorbach har ma yana kai hari ga kananan jiragen ruwa. Yawan nauyin mutum ɗaya shine kimanin tan 35-45.

Samu sunan don arched arched baya a iyo. Humpbacks suna zaune cikin fakitoci, a cikin wanda aka kafa ƙungiyoyi na mutane 4-5. Launin dabbobi daga baki da fari. A baya duhu, ciki tare da farin aibobi. Kowane mutum yana da yanayi na musamman.

Whale ya tsaya galibi a cikin ruwayen bakin teku ya bar cikin teku kawai lokacin ƙaura. Gudun kanwa har zuwa kimanin kilomita 30 / h. Komawa zuwa zurfin madadin 300 m tare da bayyanar a saman inda dabba ke sakin ruwa yayin da yake numfashi a cikin maɓuɓɓugar har zuwa m 3. Tsalle a kan ruwa, flips, motsi kwatsam galibi ana nufin kawar da kwari da suke kan fata.

Whale Humpback zai iya sha sama da ton na krill a rana

Salon (ivas Whale)

Manyan ƙananan kifi Whale Whale har zuwa 17-20 m tsawo, masu nauyin har zuwa tan 30. Bayan baya yana da duhu, bangarorin suna cikin ƙananan fili na launi mai haske, ciki mai haske. Kwata na tsawon dabba shine kan. Abincin shine mafi yawan pollock, cephalopods, crustaceans na baki.

Bayan ragewa a cikin samar da ruwan kifi Whale, ajiyar ya kasance dan wani lokaci shine jagoran kasuwancin. Yanzu dai an haramta fara tseren jirgi. Dabbobin suna rayuwa su kaɗai, wasu lokuta nau'i-nau'i. Daga cikin kifayen kifi suna haɓaka mafi girman gudu har zuwa kilomita 55 / h, wanda ke ba su damar tserewa daga harin kisa Whale.

Finwal

Na biyu babban Whale, wanda ake kira dogon hanta. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 90-95. Whale yakai tsawon 25 m kuma yana awo har tan 70. Fatar ta yi launin toka, amma ciki mai nauyi ne. A jikin mutum, kamar sauran kifayen whales, akwai furfura masu yawa wadanda suke bawa makogwaron kwatankwacin buda budewa yayin kwace ganima.

Finials ya kai saurin zuwa 45 km / h, yana kai ruwa zuwa 250 m, amma ya kai zurfin bai wuce mintina 15 ba. Maɓuɓɓugansu sun tashi zuwa 6 m lokacin da Kattai suka hau.

Whales suna zaune cikin gungun mutane 6-10. Yawan abinci yana ƙaruwa da yawan dabbobi a cikin garken. A cikin abincin, herring, sardines, capelin, pollock. Suna korar ƙananan kifaye a cikin tarin tsika su haɗiye shi da ruwa. Fiye da tan 2 na dabbobi suna sha a kowace rana. Sadarwa tsakanin whales yana faruwa ne tare da taimakon sautikan-maras ƙarfi. Suna jin junan su daga daruruwan kilomita.

Whales na dusar kankara na Antarctica kankara ne masu hatsarin gaske tare da firam mai kaifi.

Kisan kifi

Manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna wahala daga mazaunan da ba a yarda da su ba waɗanda ke da ƙarfin braids: kifayen whales, ƙyallen fata, hatimin fur, har ma da maniyyi whales. Sunan ya tashi daga kwatanta babban fin tare da kaifi mai kaifi da kayan aiki na yankan.

Dabbar dolphins na dangi daga dangi sun bambanta da baki da fari. A baya da bangarorin duhu, kuma makogwaron ya yi fari, a ciki wani tsiri, sama da idanun fari fari. Kai ya dagula daga sama, hakoranka sun lalace don tsage abincin. A cikin tsayi, mutane sun kai 9-10 m.

Spectarfin kwandon kisa Whales yana da faɗi. Sau da yawa ana iya lura da su a kusa da rookeries na like da fur fur. Kisan Whales suna da cunkoso sosai. A kan kullun, buƙatar abinci ya kai kilogiram 150. A cikin farauta, suna da matukar ƙarfi: suna ɓoye a baya saboda kullun, suna juya kankara tare da penguins don jefa su cikin ruwa.

Manyan dabbobin suna farmaki da garken. Ba a yarda Whales ya tashi zuwa farfajiya ba, amma kasha maniyyi yana zubowa zuwa zurfin. A cikin garken su, kisa kifayen suna da matukar abokantaka da kulawa da marassa lafiya ko tsofaffin dangi.

Lokacin farauta, kisa kifi suna amfani da wutsiyarsu don kamun kifi

Maniyyi Whales

Babbar dabbobi har zuwa 20 m, wanda kai ya zama na uku na jiki. Kyakkyawan kallon ba zai ba ku damar rikitar da maniyyi Whale tare da kowa ba. Girman nauyi shine kimanin tan 50. Daga cikin babban kifi Whale shi ne mafi girma a cikin babban whale.

Don ganima, wanda ke neman ta hanyar echolocation, ya nunka har zuwa kilomita 2. Yana ciyarwa akan dorinar ruwa, kifi, squid. Tana wuce awa daya da rabi a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Tana da kyau kwarai ji.

Sperm Whales suna zaune a cikin manyan ɗarurruwan shugabannin. Ba su da abokan gaba, kawai kisa kifi ne ke kai hari ga kananan dabbobi ko kuma mata. Sperm Whale yana da matukar hatsari a cikin yanayin tashin hankali. Akwai misalai lokacin da dabbobi masu ba da fatawa suka nutsar da kifayen jirgin ruwa da matuƙan jirgin ruwa.

Flat-kasa na kwalban kwalba

M babban kifi tare da babban goshi da baki baki An nutse cikin zurfi cikin ruwa kuma suna iya ɗaukar awa 1. Suna yin sautikan halayen Cetaceans: whisting, niƙa. Saka wutsiya ta hanyar ruwa yana aika alamu ga dangi.

Suna zaune a cikin garken mutane 5-6, wanda maza ke rinjayi. Tsawon mutane ya kai mita 9, matsakaicin nauyi na tan 7-8. Babban abincin karafan kwalba - cephalopods, squids, kifi.

Seals

'Yan asalin yankin Antarctica suna dacewa da ruwan tekun sanyi. Gashi mai, kaurin gashi, kamar harsashi, yana kare dabbobi. Babu isasshen kayan abinci kwata-kwata, amma hatim ɗin ba kurame ba ne, ana jin su da kyau a cikin ruwa.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin tsarinsu da dabi'unsu suna da tsaka-tsakin yanayi tsakanin dabbobi da dabbobin ruwa. An bambanta ƙusoshin akan ƙusoshin, wanda membranes ya bayyana. Kuma sun haifi jariransu a ƙasa kuma suka koyi iyo!

Dabbobin Antarctica a kan hoto ana kama su sau da yawa idan sun yi tafiya da rana, su faɗi a kan gaci ko kuma abin sha kan kankara. A ƙasa, ɗamarar tana motsawa, tana jan jiki da ƙeƙassai. Suna ciyar da kifi, dorinar ruwa. Seals hada da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Kogin giwa

Dabba babba, har tsayi 5 m, tana awo tan 2.5. A jikin muck ɗin akwai babban abin kunya, mai kama da gangar jikin giwa, wanda ke ƙaddara sunan dabba. Yana da kitsen da ke ƙarƙashin fatarsa ​​fiye da nama. Yayin motsi, jiki yana girgiza kamar jelly.

Kyakkyawan iri - juzuɗe zuwa 500 m na minti 20-30. Giwayen giwayen suna sanannu ne ga wasannin matsi wanda suke cutar da juna. Suna ciyar da squid, jatan lande, kifi.

Rufin hatimi

Neman dabba ba mai sauƙi bane. Ya yi ritaya zuwa wurare masu wuyar kaiwa, ya kuma ci gaba da kasancewa shi kadai, duk da cewa baya tsoron mutane, yana barin mutum ya kasance kusa da shi. Girman girma tsakanin dangi sune mafi daidaito: nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 200, tsayin jiki kusan 2 m.

Akwai manyan fayiloli da yawa a cikin wuyansa, wanda hatimin ke jawo kansa kuma ya zama tafiya zuwa ganga zagaye. Launin rigar yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da shimfidar shimmer. A ciki haske ne. Mai danshi da dabbar danshi suna kuwwa da ƙarfi. Yana sa sautin karin waƙoƙi. A cikin abincin, octopuses, squids, sauran cephalopods.

Emperor penguin

Mafi mashahuri wakilin a cikin iyali penguin. Tsawon tsuntsu ya kai kusan cm 120, nauyi 40-45. Umarfin baya na kullun baki ne, kuma ƙirjin suna fari, irin wannan launi a cikin ruwa yana taimakawa abin rufe fuska. A wuya da cheeks na sarki penguin, gashinsa mai ruwan hoda-orange. Irin waɗannan kyawawan penguins ba su zama nan da nan ba. Kajin an fara rufe su da launin toka ko yalwa da farin gara.

Penguins suna farauta cikin kungiyoyi, suna kai hari makarantar kifi da kwace duk abin da ya zo a gaba. An yanyan ganima mafi girma a bakin gaci, ana cin ɗan ƙaramin abincin a ruwa. A cikin neman abinci, sun shawo kan muhimmiyar nisa, suna zuwa 500 m.

Wajibi ne a lullube wurin da zazzagewa, saboda ya fi muhimmanci ga tsuntsaye su gani fiye da ji. Saurin tafiya yana kusan kilomita 3-6 / h. A karkashin ruwa na iya zama ba tare da iska har zuwa mintina 15.

Penguins suna zaune a cikin yankuna, wanda ke tara mutane kusan 10,000. An sanyaya su cikin ƙungiyoyi masu yawa, a ciki wanda yawan zafin jiki ya hau zuwa da 35 ° С tare da zazzabi na waje zuwa gmin 20 ° С.

Suna saka idanu akan motsin zuciyar dangi daga gefen kungiya zuwa tsakiya don kada wani ya daskare. Abokan gaba na makiyagu sune kisa Whales, damisa teku. Manyan dabbobi ko skuas galibi suna satar ƙwai daga tsuntsaye.

Sarki penguins sun kewaye kajin don tsira daga sanyi da iska

Sarki penguin

Bayyanar suna kama da dangin sarki, amma girman yana karami, launi yayi kyau. A kai a tarnaƙi, a kan kirji, aibobi masu launin lemo mai cikakken launi. Abun ciki fari ne. A baya, fuka-fuki baƙi ne. Kajin suna launin ruwan kasa. Gida a cikin faci mai wuya, sau da yawa tsakanin tsaunukan da iska take hurawa.

Adelie Penguins

Matsakaicin girman tsuntsaye shine 60-80 cm, nauyi kimanin kilo 6. Black babba baya, farin ciki. A kusa da idanuwa fari fari. Yankuna da yawa suna hada tsuntsaye sama da miliyan rabin.

Halin penguins yana halin halin son sani, motsi, fussiness. Wannan ya bayyana musamman a cikin ginin gidaje, lokacin da maƙwabta ke sace ɗakunan pebble masu mahimmanci koyaushe. Nunin tashin tsuntsu ya cika da amo. Ya bambanta da dangi mai ban tsoro na wasu nau'in, Adele tsuntsu ne mai kwarkwata. A zuciyar abinci shine krill. Har zuwa kilogram 2 na abinci ana buƙatar kowace rana.

Adélie penguins suna dawowa kowace shekara zuwa wurin da ake yin girkin da kuma abokin tarayya iri ɗaya

Zinare na Zinare (Penguin Smart)

Sunan ya samo asali ne daga wani kyakkyawan gashin fuka-fukan launin shuɗi a kan kai sama da idanun. Crest yana sanya sauƙi don gano dandano. Girma yakai kimanin cm 70-80. Turawan mulkin mallaka suna tattarawa mutane kusan 60,000.

Harshen kururuwa da motsa jiki yana taimakawa sadarwa. Penguin dandy yana zaune a ko'ina cikin Antarctica, inda ake samun ruwa.

Manyan kwaya

Wani mai farautar tsuntsu ne wanda ke farauta ba kawai tare da kifi ba, har ma tare da penguins. Ba ya ƙin ɗaukar kaya idan ya sami gawa Seals ko wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yanki a cikin tsibirin Antarctica na kusa.

Babban fikafikan tsuntsayen Slat-launin toka, kusan 3 m, cin amana matafiya. Basu iya gano kansu ba inda suka samo asali na dubban kilomitoci! Sun san yadda ake amfani da kuzarin iska kuma sun sami damar tashi a duniya.

Jirgin ruwa mai suna tsuntsayen sun kira '' maɓaluta '' don ƙanshin da ba shi da daɗi, wata kariya daga abokan gaba. Koda kaji a cikin gida yana da ikon barin jet na ruwa tare da wari mai ƙoshin wuta idan yana jin haɗari. ,Arfi, zalunci, motsi da aka basu daga haihuwa.

Albatus

Manyan tsuntsayen da ke da fikafikan mm of 4, tsawon tsayin jikinsa yana da kusan cm 130. A cikin jirgin, suna yin kama da fararen fata. Jin girma cikin abubuwa daban-daban: iska da ruwa. A doron kasa suke tafiya ba tare da wata damuwa ba, kuma raƙuman ruwa suna cirewa daga gangara ko ɓarna. An san su da matuƙan jirgin ruwa kamar rakiyar jiragen ruwa - akwai wani abu da za su ciyar da kansu daga sharar.

Albatrosses ana kiransu matafiya masu wanzuwa saboda koyaushe suna dasa zurfin teku, suna neman ganima. Zasu iya nutse har kifaye zuwa zurfin 5. 5. Suna gida a tsibiran dutse. Suna ƙirƙirar ma'aurata don rayuwa, kuma suna da ɗayan, har zuwa shekaru 50.

Babban Skuas

Tsuntsu na Antarctic, dangi na bakin teku. Fikafikan yana da tsawo zuwa cm 40. Yana tashi daidai, da sauri cikin sauri ko gudu jinkirin jirgin. Zai iya yin lungu a wuri, yana juyawa da fikafikan, juya da sauri, ya hanzarta kai hari kan ganima.

Yana tafiya da kyau a ƙasa. Yana ciyar da kan ƙananan tsuntsaye, kajin baƙi, dabbobi, baya raina datti. Ban fashi, da ɗaukar kifi daga wasu tsuntsayen, ba da sauri ba. Tenacious da Hardy a ƙananan yanayin zafi.

Skua fuka-fuki ya kai 140 cm

Gashinan Wilson

Karamin tsuntsu mai launin toka-baki, wanda ake kira da rafi mai zurfi na teku masu girma dabam da sifofin jirgin. Tsawon Jikin kusan 15-19 cm, fikafikai har zuwa cm 40. Juyawarsu, hanyoyin motsa jiki a cikin iska suna da sauri, kaifi, haske.

Wani lokacin suna zama kamar suna zaune akan ruwa, suna rawa da ƙafafu masu tsayi a farfajiya. An yatsun kamar an haɗa da membrane mai rawaya. Don haka suke tattara ƙananan ganima, ruwa mai zurfi, ta hanyar cm cm 15-20. Suna tattarawa a cikin yankuna a kan dutse, gida a wuri guda.

Kowa ya fahimta abin da dabbobi rayuwa a Antarctica, - theari ne kawai zai iya rayuwa a Nahiyar tare da permafrost da kwanduna a cikin ruwa mai tsananin sanyi. Duniyar zahiri anan tana kawar da mai rauni.

Amma gaskiyar abubuwa masu ban mamaki suna nuna cewa dabbobi da yawa a cikin nau'ikansu suna da fara'a da kulawa da dangi. Yanayin waje yana haɗa su. Sai kawai tare da ɗumi da ɗimbin makarantu suna ceton rayuwa a cikin matsananciyar rikitacciyar ƙwayar Antarctica.

Penguin Submarctic

Penguin Subantarctic, kuma aka sani da papuan penguin. Ana iya gane shi da sauƙin farar farar fata yana gudana tare da kai da kuma beak mai ruwan hoda mai haske. Wannan nau'in yana da ƙafafu masu launin shuɗi, kuma dogon wutsiya shine mafi fice a cikin dukkanin penguins.

Penguin na papuan ya kai tsayi 51 zuwa 90 cm, yana mai da su jinsin penguin mafi girma na uku, bayan jinsuna biyu masu ban mamaki: sarki da penguins na sarki. Maza suna da matsakaicin nauyin kilogram 8.5, nan da nan kafin yin molting, kuma ƙaramin nauyin kilogram 4.9, kafin canjin. A cikin mata, nauyin ya tashi daga 4.5 zuwa 8.2 kg. Wannan nau'in shine mafi sauri a ƙarƙashin ruwa, yana haɓaka saurin har zuwa kilomita 36 / h. An daidaita su sosai da yanayin matsanancin yanayi.

Penguins na Submarctic suna ciyar da abinci akan crustaceans, kuma kifi ya kusan kashi 15% na abincin.

Antarctic krill

Antarctic krill wakili ne na tsari na Euphausian, na kowa a cikin ruwan Antarctic na Kudancin Kudancin. Wannan karamin crustacean ne wanda ke rayuwa a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi, wani lokacin har ya kai adadin mutane 10,000 - 30000 a kowace mita mai siffar sukari. Krill yana ciyar da phytoplankton. Yana girma 6 cm a tsayi, yayi nauyi zuwa 2 g, kuma zai iya rayuwa kusan shekara shida. Krill shine ɗayan jigon halittu cikin yanayin halittar Antarctic kuma, dangane da abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na biomass, wataƙila jinsin dabbobi da suka fi yawa a doron ƙasa (kimanin tan miliyan 500, wanda yayi daidai da mutum tiriliyan 300-400).

Belgica antarctica

Belgica antarctica shine sunan Latin saboda jinsunan kwari masu tashi marasa kwari masu kare kansu daga Antarctica. Tsawonsa shine 2-6 mm.

Wannan kwaro yana da launi mara launi, saboda abin da ya sami damar ɗaukar zafi don tsira. Hakanan yana iya dacewa da canje-canje a cikin salinity da pH, kuma tsira ba tare da oxygen zuwa makonni 2-4 ba. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa - 15 ° C, Belgica antarctica ya mutu.