Jikin kifin yana da tsawo, tsayi daga sama har ƙasa. Shugaban maƙarƙashiya yana da tsawo, tare da ɗan tazara kaɗan a bakin. Suna da dogon wutsiya, saboda abin da suke samu shine kamar mazari. Fugun sun kasance babba. Tsayin jikin mutum ya kai 20 cm.

Eterayyade jima'i na kifi yana da sauki idan suna kusa. Mata sun fi gaban mace yawa, kuma idan ka dube su daga bisa, kawunansu suna da fasali, idanuwa sun kafe a goshi. Maza suna da ƙarin shugabanni masu iko, idanunsu kuma ƙasa ne.

Wani bambanci shine kasancewar gogewar (odontode) a cikin maza masu jima'i har zuwa 5-6 mm a tsayi akan "kunci". Idan yanayi na akwatin kifaye ba su dace da tsabtacewa ba, to, a cikin samarin da ba su kai shekara uku ba, wasu lokuta odontode ba sa girma, saboda wanda mai kifin na iya tunanin cewa yana da mata kawai.

Abubuwan halaye na waje, dimorphism na jima'i

Sturisoma yana da alaƙar jiki da gajeru, gaɓaɓɓe a tarnaƙi, ƙwayar caudal tana daɗewa. Shugaban yana da elong; akwai gajere tsari akan muck. Kaldashin jini yana da ƙusoshin ƙoshin lafiya, ƙarshen final ɗin yana da lanƙwasa, da sikila. Launin jiki da ƙyallen shuɗi-ja ne. Tun daga farkon ido har zuwa wutsiya, wani yanki mai launin shuɗi mai duhu ya shuɗe tare da gefen jikinsa, farkon abin da yake wucewa zuwa ƙarshen cincin. Kai wa gwanayen fin ɗin, faɗin band. Launin ciki launin farar fata-fari ne, da shuɗi-launin shuɗi-ruwa ana iya gani a kai. Fentin fins ɗin ana fentin su cikin duhu launin ruwan duhu.

Mata suna da haske sosai, launin shuɗi mai nauyin sikeli, fatar fatar kusa da ƙarar ƙyallen kuma sashin gabanta ana fenti a cikin inuwar ocher, sauran fiska da bangarorin an zana su a cikin farin-launin toka-sautin. Kafin aikin daga ciki, mace mai ciki ta bayyanar, ta ɗauki sifar ta mai kauri. A cikin cikakken bincike game da sashin jiki na sama, an lura cewa matsayin mace mai kwakwalwa yana da kunkuntar da ke da fasali, gashin ido ya juye da goshi. Odontodes suna fitowa a cikin namiji, suna shirya don ɓarna, a cikin murfin gill - waɗannan sune matakan ƙazantattun matakai daga 1 zuwa 6 mm tsayi. Maza matasa suna da odontodes 1 mm tsayi, a cikin mazan mazan sun fi girma - 5-6 mm. A cikin mata, waɗannan abubuwan haɓaka ba su nan. Tsawon tsayin jikin mutum na mulkin maƙarƙashiya ya kai santimita 15-20. Tsawon rayuwa a zaman bauta: shekaru 8-10.

Yadda za a adana a cikin akwatin gidan ruwa

Shuka tsire-tsire (mosses da nau'in tsirrai), kayan adon dutse, da katsewar katako na katako a cikin akwatin kifaye. Ana buƙatar haɓakawa da haɓaka tare da oxygen. Sanarwa da aka ba da shawarar yanayin muhalli: zazzabi 24-28 digiri Celsius, acidity 6.5-7.0 pH, taurin 4-10 game. Ka tsabtace ruwan ka da ƙasa - sau ɗaya a mako, maye gurbin 25% na ƙarar ruwa da ruwa mai tsafta. Tare da taimakon injin-kimiyyar ƙira, za ku iya ƙirƙirar ruwan karkashin ruwa wanda ƙaunatattun ƙaunatattun ke ƙauna.

Sturisoma na iya jin mara kyau saboda girman haɓakar ciliates na unicellular a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa, don haka kar a manta da tsabtace yanayin yanayin. Fiye da rabin abin da abincin yake sha ne ta hanyar abincin shuka: Peas, letas, alayyafo, zucchini, ganyayen ganye, cucumbers. Kuna iya ba da abinci mai rai, kayan ƙari a cikin kayan flakes da Allunan. Kada ku shawo kifin - ba za su ci abinci mai yawa ba, in ba haka ba, ƙasa za ta gurbata da lalata kayan abinci. Matashiyar ƙwayar cuta tana da ƙayyadadden ciki idan tana da cikakkiyar nutsuwa. A matsayin abinci na yau da kullun, zaku iya bayar da artemia, mayukan jini, naman mara ƙanƙanya (naman da aka dafa min), naman jatan lande.

Dokokin Abun ciki

Wannan kifin ya fara motsawa da yamma.

Ana lura da aikin kifi a maraice da dare. Da rana, ta fi son yin lokaci a kusa da duwatsun. kuma snags dake kusa da gilashin akwatin kifaye. Kuna iya kiyaye irin waɗannan mutanen su kaɗai ko a cikin ƙaramin rukuni ya ƙunshi namiji ɗaya da mace biyu.

Kifayen Sturisom na iya cin abinci iri-iri, amma sun fi son abinci a daskararre da sikari, shima yakan ci abinci mai rai.

Zai iya kasancewa:

Abinci mai bushe, kayan shuka iri shima ana buƙata. Latterarshen sun haɗa da cucumbers, zucchini, kabeji da letas. Dole ne a ƙone su gaba da ruwan zãfi. Doka mai mahimmanci don ciyar da kifin kifaye: dole ne a zaɓi abinci da daidaitaccen ma'auni. Abincin dabbobi yakamata yakai kashi 30 cikin dari na abincin. Kuna iya bayar da magudanar jini, tubule, daphnia.

Janar bayani

Sturisoma panama (Sturisoma panamense) - kifin ruwa mai tsabta daga dangin Lorikariyev (Sarkar) kifayen kifayen tare da wani irin yanayi mai ban mamaki. Bayanin farko na kimiyya game da jinsunan ya dawo ne a 1889 daga masanin dabi'ar halitta Eigenmann. Ana iya fassara sunan HALITTAR kamar “kifi tare da jikin mai rauni”, saboda kifin kifin na da matukar kama da na kifin kasuwanci mai mahimmanci.

Makarfin maƙarƙashiya yana da kama da na maƙura

Duk da yake Sturisomes ba yaduwa a cikin ruwa mai jan hankali, siffar jikin mai ban sha'awa mai kama da jigon kyan gani, da kuma rashin daidaituwa a adana da kiwo suna sa kifin ya zama sananne.

Sturisoma ba kawai kyakkyawa bane, har ma da kifi mai amfani. Tana murna da cin sauran abincin a ƙasan akwatin kifaye, kamar yadda ake yin algal akan bangon, kayan ado, tsirrai, ta haka suna taimakawa wajen tsaftacewa.

Kifayen kifi suna aiki sosai, amma akasarinsu suna jagoranci rayuwar yamma ne kuma zauna kusa da ƙasa. Da farko, “savins” sturisomes, watau, kama cikin yanayi, wanda karbuwarsa ke da wahala, ya kan siyarwa. Yanzu ana kifin kifayen a gonakin kifi na musamman da kuma a masu kiwo masu zaman kansu.

Bayyanar

Jikin Panamaniyya na ƙasa yana da rauni, ya yi ƙasa daga ƙasa. Jirgin caudal yana da tsawo sosai kuma yana tapers kusa da fin ɗin caudal, wanda yasa shi yin kamar dabbar mazari. An nuna kai. An gyara bakin a cikin wani kofi mai tsotsa, wanda ke ba da izinin kifin zama a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan halin yanzu kuma ya yi ta fitar da maganin algal.

Fugun sun kasance babba. Wurin jinjiiri ya lanƙwasa, caudal yana da lodo biyu tare da ƙarshen filiform. Yawancin haskoki na ragowar ƙyallen suma suna da elongated.

Babban launi na jiki na iya bambanta daga duhu zuwa launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da aibobi masu duhu. Daga idanunsa zuwa wutsiya ya wuce yalwataccen launin ruwan kasa, mai ƙwanƙwasa a fin din. Kwayar ciki an fentin-farin-fari kuma aka cika shi da shuɗi-launin shuɗi.

Sturisoma Panama. Bayyanar

A cikin ƙarar da ta dace, kifin zai iya girma zuwa 20 cm a tsawon. Dimorphism na jima'i yana da rauni. Mata suna da launi na paler, kawunansu kunkuntar ne, mai kamanni. Kafin tsallakewa, mutum zai iya lura da tsinkewar jikin mutum a mace. Kuma maza sun bayyana otodontes - lokacin farin ciki setae a garesu na kai. A cikin ƙananan kifi, ba su wuce mm 1, a cikin manya sun kai 5-6 mm.

Rayuwar rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye har zuwa shekaru 10.

Habitat

Gidajen asali na Panama na lardin ya hada da jikkunan ruwa a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Ana samun kifi a cikin kasashe kamar su Panama, Kolombiya, Ekwado, da sauransu.

Hanyar halittar gargajiya itace ke da kogunan ruwa mai tsabta tare da karfi na yanzu. Ba kamar danginsu ba, loricaria, waɗanda suka fi son ruwan yashi, mara ƙanƙan wuta ya fi karkata ga wasu ƙananan daskararrun dutse.

Kulawa da Kulawa

Don kiyaye sturis, ana ba da shawarar wuraren amfani da ruwa na lita 150 ko fiye, saboda kifayen manya ne, masu aiki sosai, kuma suna jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali lokacin da zasu zauna cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi (mutane 3-5).

Kamar ƙasa, zaku iya amfani da ƙananan pebbles zagaye. Tabbatar sanya manyan ɗakin kwana da daskararren itace a cikin akwatin kifaye. Da fari dai, 'yan cirani suna son shakatawa a kan irin waɗannan shimfidar wurare, na biyu, algae na iya bayyana a kansu, wanda kifin zai ci tare da walwala, kuma a ƙarshe, zasu iya zama madaidaicin canji don yaɗuwa. Tsarin tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su da haske ga haske za'a iya dasa su a cikin akwatin kifaye: anubias, mosses, da dai sauransu.

Sturisoma panama a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da tsire-tsire masu rai

Sturisomes suna matukar kula da ingancin ruwa. Za ku iya dasa kifi kawai a cikin akwati ɗin da aka ƙaddamar da shi tare da sake zagayowar nitrogen, saboda babban taro na mahaɗin nitrogen na iya haifar da mutuwarsu cikin sauri. Ruwa ya zama mai tsabta da oxygenated, don haka tabbatar da shigar matatar da compressor wanda ya dace da wuta. Kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayi, sturisomes kamar karfi a halin yanzu a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Don kula da ruwa mai inganci, kar a manta don maye gurbin shi da kusan 20% na yawan akwatin akwatin.

Tabbatattun sigogi na ruwa don abun ciki: T = 22-28 ° C, pH = 6.0-7.5, GH = 5-15.

Yarbuwa

Duk da girmanta mai ban sha'awa, sturisoma ƙaunataccen kifi ne na ƙasar Panama. Kusan ba ta rikici da dangi, maza ne kadai ke iya korar makwabta yayin da suke tsare kwanon kwankwasiyya. Kifayen catfish ba su kula da kananan halittun a cikin babban akwatin ruwa ba. Tabbas, akwatin kifaye tare da makarantar kifi zai iya zama ingantacciyar hanyar kiyaye sturis, amma idan ana so, ana kuma iya dasa su a cikin babban akwatin kifaye na kusan kowace kifi: mai shayarwa, zebrafish, mashaya, tetras, iris.

Sturisoma Panama - babban kifi amma mai lumana

Amma kiyaye sturis tare da kifayen kifayen aiki ba su da ƙima. Saboda yanayin rashin tausayi, za su iya rasa gasar abinci kuma su ci gaba da fama da yunwa.

Ciyar da Pandaran Sturisoma

Sturisoma Panama mai ci ne mai algae; fiye da kashi 70% na abincin da yake ci shine abincin shuka. Zai iya cinye allurar na algal wanda zai bayyana a cikin akwatin kifin, ta kuma tsabtace shi. Amma cin abinci mai kyau na iya wasa da yaudarar mata. A cewar kididdigar, yunwa ita ce babban dalilin mutuwar kifaye a cikin akwatin kifaye. Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ciyar da sturisomes tare da abincin shuka.

Sau da yawa, masu ruwayen ruwa suna amfani da kayan lambu da ganye don ciyar da sturis, amma dole ne mu manta cewa tsawan kasancewar irin waɗannan samfuran a cikin ruwa zai haifar da lalata a cikin ingancinsa. Zai fi kyau zauna akan alluna na musamman don ƙananan kifaye tare da babban abun ciki na kayan haɗin shuka, alal misali, Allunan Tetra Pleco, Tetra Pleco Spirulina Wafers, Tetra Pleco Veggie Wafers. Waɗannan sune cikakkun abubuwan ciyarwa waɗanda aka daidaita don bukatun kifin herbivorous. Suna sauri su nutse a ƙasa, wanda ke rage gasa abinci tare da wasu kifi. Godiya ga wannan, ciyar da niyya na jin kunya abu mai yiwuwa ne. Abun da ke cikin allunan sun hada da spirulina / zucchini - abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da kifin herbivorous.

Kiwo da kiwo

Sturis kiwo ba shi da wahala musamman. Balagagge a cikin kifi yana faruwa a lokacin yana da watanni 18. Halayen jima'i marasa daidaituwa sune kasancewar maza cikin lokacin farin ciki - odontodes. Koyaya, idan an kiyaye kifin a cikin yanayin da bai dace ba, wani lokacin ƙyallen ba ƙanƙara zata iya haɓaka. Mata ma suna da kangare, idan kun lura da kifayen daga sama. Hanya mafi aminci don yanke hukunci game da jima'i shine siffar papule na maza.

A lokacin tserewa, maza sukan zama m kuma galibi suna kai hari ga mata. Koyaya, waɗannan dabarun ba su cutar da kowa ba. Yin haifuwa na iya faruwa a duka ruwayoyin da kuma hanyoyin ruwa na ruwa. A cikin maganar ta ƙarshe, kuna buƙatar akwatin kifaye ba tare da ƙasa ba, tare da tacewa da injin. Matsakaicin don spawning sune saman tsaye: shambura filastik, busasshen itace, ganuwar akwatin kifaye.

Wurin da namiji ya zaɓa domin tsallakewa ya ke tsabtace ta, kuma bayan wannan ne kaɗai mata suka halasta. Tsawon lokacin yana daga rabin awa zuwa awoyi da yawa. Yawan mace mace na iya zama qwai mai haske 30-120.

Yadda ake tantance jinsi

Ko da mai noctarist na novice na iya bambanta jima'i da kifin kifi.

Mata suna zama paler. Fuskarta da gefenta fari fat-fat. Shugaban mace ya fi kunkuntar na maza kuma yana da siffar aljihu. Idanun suka matsa kusa da goshi. Yayinda iskewar ciki yake kusa da ita, hanjin mace ya fara lanƙwasa.

A cikin maza, sabanin mace, rashin sa'a sukan bayyana lokacin da suka girma. Waɗannan matakai masu yawa kamar na bristles, tsawon tsayi na mm mm. Idan ba'a kula da kifin daidai ba, odontodes na iya atrophy. Wannan na iya faruwa saboda rashin zafin jiki, ƙarancin iskar oxygen na ruwa, da ƙarancin ruwa. A wannan yanayin, za'a iya bambanta namiji ta hanyar papilla na maza. Hakanan, idan an duba shi daga sama, kan namiji yakan zama mai fadi da gajarta.

Balaga na Jima'i na Yankin Panama na faruwa ne a watanni 18.

Kiwo

A cikin shekara daya da rabi, kifi ya zama ya manyanta. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wannan na iya ƙaddara ta gaban bristles a cikin maza (yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin da bai dace ba, otodonts na iya bayyana).

Lokacin da istigfari ya faru, maza sukan zama masu haɗari ga mace, duk da haka, kifayen ba sa cutar da juna. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar ciyar da kifi tare da abincin shuka. Idan mai shi yana so ya sami zuriya, wannan alama ce cewa lokaci yayi da za a sanya kifin a cikin filayen filayen (idan nau'in kifayen, ana iya barin su a cikin babban tanki).

Don kuma iya samar da iskar gas, kuna buƙatar matatar, mai hita, busasshiyar itace. Ilasa ba ta yin barci a ƙasa, kamar yadda kifayen ke sanya ƙwai a kan bango na tsaye. Ya kamata ruwa ya zama mai taushi da taushi.

Kafin fara aiwatar da aikin, namiji zai tsaftace wurin don tsallakewa, daga nan ne kawai zai ba mace damar shiga ta. A lokaci guda, tana iya sa ƙwai 40 zuwa 150. Suna da girma, haske a launi kuma a bayyane suke a cikin akwatin kifaye. Bayan tsallakewa, sai namiji ya kula da zuriyarsa.

A ranar 5-10th, toya ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai. Thean kwanakin farko da suka ci ƙyallen gwaiduwa. Sa'an nan, shirye-shiryen da aka yi don soya na herbivorous soya, leas mai ƙyalƙyali, kabewa Boiled, kabeji ko ciliates sun dace. A wannan lokacin, iyaye sun fi dacewa, saboda jarirai suna haɗarin haɗarin cin abinci. A lokacin haɓakar soya, ya zama dole a hankali saka idanu kan sigogin ruwa, ba ƙyale canje-canjen su. Sau da yawa da ƙananan canje-canje na ruwa ana bada shawara.

Yawancin ƙwararrun masu binciken ruwa a karo na farko sun sami labarin irin wannan kifin kamar sturisoma. Koyaya, gaskiyar cewa ita ma tana da nata nau'ikan tana da sha'awa. Yi la'akari da shahararrun nau'ikan:

1. Sturisoma Panama (Sturisoma panamense). Mafi na kowa, yana zaune a cikin ruwa na Kogin Magdalena. A cikin yanayin, sturisoma na iya girma har zuwa 24 cm a tsawon, a cikin akwatin kifaye kawai har zuwa cm 18. Launin jikin yana da launin shuɗi-fari, tare da madaurin launin ruwan hoda mai haske. Gashi, ciki da ƙyallen launin toka ne,

2. Zinare (Sturisomatichthys aureum). Babban wakili, a cikin yanayi akwai mutane tsawon cm 30. A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, suna girma zuwa cm 20 Launi na jiki shine zinare, mai launuka na zaitun da madaidaitan gashi. Fin caudal yana ƙare da tsari mai tsawo, tare da dorsal fin yana da ƙarfi sosai zuwa ƙasan,

3. Dogon hanci ko barbatum (Sturisoma barbatum). Tana da launi mai launin ruwan kasa, ratsi mai duhu mai duhu a tarnaƙi da ƙwalƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙafa,

4. Bikin (Sturisomatichthys idin). Launin jikin kifin yana canzawa dangane da yanayin sa, saboda haka yana iya zama ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko baƙi, tare da ratsi launin ruwan hoda. A ƙarshen fin ɗin caudal, akwai matakai da yawa na filiform wanda suka kai 7 cm,

5. Baƙi (Sturisoma nigrirostrum). Wannan kifin ya bambanta da sauran a cikin elongated siffar kai, baƙar fata ci gaba a kan hancin. Launin jikin yana da launin toka, tare da launin ruwan kasa launin ruwan kasa da duhu aibobi. Ya girma zuwa 23 cm, 10 cm daga cikinsu sune filaments wutsiya.

Yaya amfanin labarin?

Matsakaicin daraja 5 / 5. kirga kuri'un: 4

Babu kuri'u tukuna. Kasance na farko!

Muna ba da hakuri cewa wannan post din bai taimaka muku ba!

Dimorphism na jima'i

A yanayi panambian struris galibi ya kai santimita 26 a tsayin daka, yayin da a cikin akwatin kifaye, har ma a cikin sarari mai faɗi, babu kusan santimita 18-20. Sturisomes ku zama masu balaga da juna kuma ku fara ninka tun yana ɗan shekaru 1.5, yana kai 15 santimita tsawon.

Ana iya ganin bambancin jima'i a cikin kifi kaɗan kaɗan, maza sun fi girma da haske sosai fiye da mace, suna da ƙarin ƙarancin ciki da ƙwalƙwalwar ciki, tare da tsananin zafin rana. Yayinda suke girma, sturis “hanci” (rostrum) - wata tsawa mai zurfi a saman kashin sama - yana kara zama bayyane. Abubuwan da ake kira odontodes (whiskers) suna fitowa akan “cheeks” na maza, waɗanda suke daɗaɗɗun ƙwayoyi daga tsayi 1 zuwa 6 mm, kuma tsinkaye ya fito sarari akan haskoki na ƙwallan ƙananan hancin.
A wannan zamani, yankuna suna fara bayyanuwa a cikin halayen maza, wanda aka bayyana a fili a cikin ƙoƙarin fitar da ƙungiyar abokan hamayyarsu, har ma da matan da ke da kusancin mallakarsu. Yawanci, irin waɗannan ayyukan ba su da lahani ga masu keta iyaka.

Idan yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban kifi ba a halitta shi a cikin akwatin kifaye ba (isasshen zazzabi, ƙarancin ruwa, damuwa mai yawa saboda maƙwabta masu yawan aiki a cikin akwatin kifaye), wani lokaci kullun suna lalata cikin yara (har zuwa shekaru uku) maza. Sau da yawa, saboda dalilai iri ɗaya, rashin daidaituwa kawai ba sa girma cikin samari maza, saboda abin da suke iya wucewa ga mata. Abinda yafi dacewa yayin yanke hukunci shine yin la'akari da halayen papilla na kifin da suka manyanta.

Kuma abu daya: idan ka kalli manyan kifayen daga sama, to maza zasu sami guntun wando da fadi fiye da na mace.

Sake bugun ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta Panama

Tsarin Panama dangantaka da kifayen rheophilic, sun fi son zama cikin rafin ruwa. Don daidaitawa da yanayin rayuwa yayin tsallake-tsallake, to sturisam yana buƙatar akwatin ruwa tare da ƙaramar aƙalla lita ɗari biyu, tare da bututun ruwa. An kwarara kwarararwar ne ta hanyar karfi, in-da-agogo na zamani da kuma nazarin halittu.

Lokacin ƙirƙirar yanayi masu dacewa, Sturisomes na cikin ruwa iya spawn a cikin babban akwatin kifaye. Bugu da ƙari, zaɓin wuri ya dogara da yanayin hydrodynamic mai gudana a cikin akwatin kifaye, a matsayin mai mulkin, namiji yana zaɓar wani wuri da ke kan hanyar tangible motsi na ruwa, yawanci ƙasa ne mai santsi a tsaye, kamar bututun yumbu, yanki na filastik mai tsayayyen matsakaici, busasshen itace ko kawai bangon akwatin ruwa.
A wannan lokacin, mace yawanci ana iya zagaye ta kuma tayi ƙoƙari ta zauna kusa da namiji, da farko ya kan yi watsi da ita, alhali tana mai tsarkake abubuwan da aka zaɓa. Bayan an shirya filayen wuri, zai ba mace damar kusanci.

Tashin hankali yakan faru da yamma. Tsere kanta tayi daga minti 30 zuwa awanni da yawa.
Wasu lokuta basur kwankwaso qwai a kwance (ko kusan a kwance) yankin da ake. A cikin aquariums ba tare da ƙasa ba, ƙasan gilashin na iya kasancewa irin wannan farfajiya.

Lokacin shiryawa, gwargwadon yawan zafin jiki, ya ɗauki kwanaki 7-9. Chedasarta ta ƙetare ta bar wurin masonry kuma, bayan an shayar da gilashin ko tsire-tsire, don kwanaki biyu zuwa uku na gaba suna rayuwa a ɗan ƙaramin kwalaba, lokaci-lokaci suna motsawa daga wannan wuri zuwa wani. Mace ba ta yin birgewa ta hanyar jan larvae, saboda haka, fewan tsira ne kawai, kuma galibi duk ana cinye larva.

Don niyyar kiwo panamaiyanci lardi, yakamata a tura masana'antun zuwa wani akwatin kifin daban ba tare da kasar gona ba, sanye take da matattara mai iya sarrafa wuta da mai hita tare da mai zazzabi.

Sturisoma Panama tare da masonry

Don nasara kiwo kwayar cutar Panamanian, dole ne a cika yanayi biyu: yalwatacce da bambancin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma kasancewar ɗumbin yawa na ruwa mai inganci tare da bututun ruwa.

Babban wahalar ya ta'allaka ne a lokaci guda cikin lura da yanayin da ke sama, tunda aiwatar da farko ya haifar da matsaloli don aiwatar da na biyu.

Yawancin lokaci ana haɗa abubuwa biyu, amma cakuda yana kuma yiwuwa, yayin da mata biyu ko uku suka yi musaya tare da namiji ɗaya, suna jingina abubuwan da ke kusa da juna, a wurin da namiji ya zaɓa.

Mace na iya sa ƙwai tare da bambancin har zuwa kwanaki da yawa, wanda ke ba ku damar lura da ƙwai lokaci guda a matakan daban-daban na ci gabanta. Komawa ga yanayin da ke sama, kowace mace tana daga kwai 70 zuwa 120. Matsakaicin girman mace shine qwai 160 na launin koren haske, tare da nunin 2.8 mm.

Namiji yana lura da dukkan abubuwanda ke ɗauka a lokaci guda, a hankali yana bibiyar motsin mace. Idan kuwa akwai 'yar karamar tsoro ga rayuwar zuriyar nan gaba, zai yi sauri ya dauki wuri kusa da masarar kariya. A irin wannan lokacin panamaiyanci lardi zai fi kyau kada a tayar da hankali, saboda idan suka ga inuwa ta mutum a akwatin kifayen, sai su bar masarar su koma wurin ta idan hatsari ya wuce. A lokacin rashi namiji, kamawar na iya lalata mata ko wasu kifin idan abin ya faru a cikin akwatin ruwa na gama gari.

Eggsaƙar fure mai haske, ƙwairen duhu mai duhu yayin da suke haɓakawa kuma sun zama kusan baki lokacin da larvae ya fito. Idan masonry yana cikin haske, ficewar larva yana jinkiri, idan cikin duhu an hanzarta.

A lokacin shirme na wucin gadi, ana sanya ƙarin nebulizer akan masonry, kuma an ƙara methylene blue (0.5 mg / l) a cikin ruwa.

Tsarin Panama sami damar ɗanɗana cikin ruwa mai wuya, amma a wannan yanayin, caviar ya rasa sandarsa kuma yawan abin soya yana da ƙarancin abin da ba shi da taushi.

Bayan ƙwanƙwasa larvae, namiji ya yi murabus daga wurinsa ayyukan ci gaba da kula da zuriya. Hakanan shi, ko macen da ta sanya ƙwai, ko wasu matan daga wannan gidan ba wanda ya nuna sha'awar su a cikin larvae.

Don dalilan aminci, ta amfani da bututu na gilashin, ya kamata a watsa lardin cikin wani akwati tare da yanayi iri ɗaya.

Bayan kimanin sa'o'i 40, larvae juya cikin soya kuma fara ciyar da rayayye.

Su ne rotifers, farawa artemia nauplii, kayan abinci mai bushe don soya.

A cikin mako-mako, soya fara ƙara karaya da scalded ganyen Dandelion, alayyafo, nettle, kabeji, semolina (dafa shi ƙasa da minti guda, sannan a tace), daskararren daskararre na zucchini ko kokwamba (kayan lambu da aka daskare suna daskarewa a cikin injin daskarewa, kuma sashi mai mahimmanci yana daɗaɗa nan da nan kafin amfani) - irin kayan lambu suna da laushi mai laushi kuma ana cin su da kyau ta soya).

An murkushe abincin dabbobi kafin amfani dashi da blender. Matsakaicin tsirrai da abincin dabbobi kusan 7: 3.

Ya kamata a sanya ƙaramar snag a cikin akwatin kifin da yake girma; kasancewar sa ya zama tilas ga aikin al'ada na maƙarƙashiyar kwayoyi.

Har yanzu, mafi muhimmanci ga nasara kiwo sturis - Ciki sosai a kiyaye ruwa mai inganci. A karkashin wannan yanayin da abinci mai yawa, soya girma cikin sauri, bayan daya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu sun kai tsawon 3.5 cm, yayin da soya yayi kama da ƙaramin karamin da ya girma.

Halayyar

Babban lokacin aikin kifayen maciji na faruwa da maraice da awanni na dare. Amma a cikin yanayin daidaitaccen yanayi, kifayen suna motsawa cikin ƙarfin rana da rana. Halin yana da nutsuwa. Yawancin rayukansu suna cinye lalata shuka a jikin bango da kayan ado na tanki. Da rana suna son kwanciya a ƙasa mai yashi.

Akwatin kifaye

Dangane da girman manya, yana da kyau a zabi babban tanki don sturis. Volumeara don 2 kifi ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin kudi na 70-90 l a kowace lardin. A cikin akwatin kifaye na dabbobi, ana bada shawara don kiyaye ƙaramin garken mutane 3-6.

Daga cikin shimfidar wuri, gaban:

• Snag.
• Dutse mai dutse.
• Matsayi mafi girma free yankin.
• Kayan lambu.

Shuke-shuke

Ana buƙatar kasancewar tsire-tsire a cikin akwatin kifaye don panaman na lardin sitiri. Tare da isasshen adadin kayan shuka a cikin abincin, kifin zai fara cin abincin tsirrai na gargajiya a cikin tanki. Wannan yanayin dole ne a la'akari dashi lokacin zabar ciyayi.

Don sturisoma, tsirrai masu tsami tare da kara mai ƙarfi sun dace:

• Echinodorus Baya.
• Echinodorus tropica.
• Echinodorus Bleher.
• Anubias Barter.
• Anubias Nana.
• Fern Bolbitis.
• Kabomba Karolinskaya.

Priming

Babu wasu buƙatu na musamman don kasa. Wadannan kifayen suna ƙaunar tsabtace manyan duwatsu daga girman algae kuma suna iya kwance kawai a kasan yashi.

Don sturisoma ya dace:

• Sand.
• Andanana da matsakalai.
• Flat duwatsu.
• Manyan duwatsu.

Ana Share ƙasa daga tarkace abinci ƙa'ida ce.

Kayan aiki

Kifi na wannan nau'in suna da tsabta sosai, saboda haka ya kamata a sanya kulawa da kuma ɗaukar oxygenation na musamman.

Daga kayan aiki zaka buƙaci:

• A kwampreso tare da ikon 8-10 W zai saturate babban girma tare da oxygen kuma ƙirƙirar ruwan karkashin ruwa na yanzu.
• Tace injina don cire manyan barbashi.
• Ana buƙatar filirƙirar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta don cire samfuran sharar gida kuma kula da ingantaccen tsarin sunadarai na matsakaici.
• Mafi zafi.

Haske

A cikin yanayin halitta, sturisomes suna rayuwa cikin ruwa mai zurfi. Saboda waɗannan kifayen, ana fifita hasken taushi mai laushi. A dare, dole ne a kashe fitilun.

LED fitilu tare da matsakaiciyar matsakaici suna dacewa sosai ga akwatin kifaye. Irin waɗannan fitilu basa zafi saman ruwa kuma basa keta ƙirar microclimate a cikin tanki.

Banbancin jinsi

Bayanin halaye na maza:

• An fi bayyana launi.
• Shugaban yana da girma da girma.
• Lumshe idanunshi yayi kusa da tsakiyar tsakiyar jikin.
• Yana da shekaru 1.5, bristles yayi girma a kusa da baka, wanda ke ƙaruwa zuwa 5-7 mm tare da haɓakar mutum.

Banbancin jima'i na mace:

• Launi yana matsakaici.
• Shugaban yana da elongated da kunkuntar.
• Nisa'a tsakanin idanu tayi ƙasa da ta maza.
• Siffar ciki shine zagaye.

A lokacin kiwo, ɗan kishiya ana ɗan ƙara damuwa.

Ciyarwa

Duk da cewa kifayen da ke cikin ruwan teku na Panama na iya zama cikin ruwan tebur, gama gari yana bada shawarar amfani da wannan nau'in don kiyaye zuriya. Yawan irin wannan tafki shine 160-180 l. Kifayen sun kai shekarun tsufa zuwa shekara 1.5.

Kwanciya ƙwai yakan haifar da maraice ko da dare. A maturation na hadu da qwai daukan 1-1.5 makonni. Mata suna da shawarar a dage farawa bayan bayyanar soya. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi 100-150 qwai.

Gyara da kulawa a cikin akwatin kifaye

Sturisomes sun fi aiki da yamma da kuma dare. Ba su da m ko kaɗan. A lokacin da suke kwance ba motsi a cikin Saguwar, ko kuma suna manne da bango na akwatin kifaye.

Zai fi kyau a adana su a cikin ƙaramin rukuni (akwai aƙalla aƙalla mace biyu a cikin kowane namiji 1), kodayake suna jin babba kaɗai. Mafi karancin girma na akwatin kifaye ya zama lita 120, mafi kyawun lita 160 ko sama da haka. Yanayin zafin jiki na ruwa a cikin akwatin kifin ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin digiri 22-25, tare da ruwan jiki na 6.5-7.2 pH. Matsakaicin wuya - har zuwa 25 dGH. Ya kamata a cikin akwatin kifaye ɗin su sami isasshen wadatar ruwa, gurɓataccen ƙarfi tare da kwarara mai rauni. Canza kwata na ruwa a mako.

A cikin akwatin kifayen kuna buƙatar bushewar katako, tsirrai, kayan ado daban-daban. Don kyakkyawar rayuwa, suma suna buƙatar ruwan karkashin ruwa. Ana iya ƙirƙirar ta hanyar siyan matattarar-ƙirar halitta.

Yi hankali da ciliates unicellular a cikin akwatin kifaye, suna cutar da rayuwar kifaye masu kyau.

Cututtuka da rigakafin su

Cututtukan da jinyarsu suna da amfani ga duk masu ruwa da tsaki. Ba wanda yake so ya rasa kifin da suke so. Manyan cututtukan cututtukan Yankin Panama sun hada da:

Sunan na biyu don ichthyophthyroidism shine Semolina. Abubuwan fari suna bayyana a jikin kifin kifin, kama da warts. Kuna iya kawar da wannan cuta ta hanyar ƙara magunguna a cikin akwatin kifaye: formalin, kore malachite, potassium permanganate ko sulfate tag. Kafin ka ƙara waɗannan kwayoyi, kana buƙatar samun tsirrai da sauran mazaunan wurin daga cikin akwatin kifaye. Tun da miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya rusa su. Ya kamata a gudanar da jiyya na kimanin kwanaki 10.

Ciwan sanyi shine ɗayan cututtukan da suka fi rikicewa. Cutar kifin ta fara yin kumbura, dubura ta kumbura, kuma babu motsin hanji. Don lura da Sturisom, kuna buƙatar saka shi a cikin wani akwatin kifaye kuma kuyi shi da ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol da gishiri. Bayan kifin ya fara lalata, yana da daraja a riƙe shi a cikin wannan ruwa har na 'yan kwanaki.

Aƙalla sau ɗaya a rayuwar, amma farar fata na iya bayyana akan kifin. Kafin fara magani don waɗannan aibobi, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa wannan ba damuwa bane. Idan har yanzu wannan cuta ce, to dalilin zai iya zama kamuwa da cuta. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a keɓe kifin tare da kulawa da Antipar.

Kamar yadda kake gani, Sturisoma Panama kifin mai sauƙi ne, kawai shine don farawa. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, za ta zauna a cikin akwatin kifaye na dogon lokaci kuma za ta yi farin ciki da kai. Somik zai zama babban mataimakinka a cikin tsabtace akwatin kifin.