Red biri ko hussar biri (Amintattun bayanai) yadu sosai a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara. Ana samo shi a Senegal, Sudan, Habasha, Uganda, fifita katako masu katako da bude savannas. Red birai suna zaune a cikin itacen Acacia, kazalika a cikin busassun ciyayi da ke bushe-bushe a arewacin yankin dazuzzukan Afirka na Equatorial.
Bayyanar
Husaini - mafi girma daga birai, wannan tsohon ya samo sunan ne saboda kyawun yanayinsa: ana fentin furcinsa a cikin launi mai haske mai haske, da kuma farin makarkashiyar sa, wacce ta fito daga bangon duhu, a bayyane yake a fuskarta. Wataƙila saurin ƙungiyoyi na waɗannan dabbobin a cikin savannah na iya tunatar da matafiya na ƙarni na 19 ci gaba da tsarin sojan doki. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai cm 58-75, nauyinsu yana daga kilo 7.5 zuwa 12.5. Jan dodannin suna da manyan firam da farar fata tare da dogayen reshe da wutsiya (har zuwa cm 62-74).
Rayuwa & Abinci
Siffofin bayyanar da sifar kwarangwal din ya nuna cewa wadannan birai, sabanin sauran birai dabbobi ne. Lokacin da suke cikin haɗari, zasu iya hawa ƙananan bishiyoyi, amma galibi sun fi son gudu. Red biri - mafi saurin duka firayim, yana iya isa da sauri zuwa 55 km / h. A ƙasa neman abinci sai hussar ya motsa akan ƙafafunsa huɗu, a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi yakan tashi zuwa ƙafafunsa na huɗa, kuma, ya jingina da wutsiyarsa, ya binciki wuraren don fuskantar haɗarin da ke gabatowa. Wataƙila ya yi tafiya a ƙafafunsa na baya, yana ɗaukar wani abu a gaba. A lokacin rana, miji yakan nemi abinci, ya ɓoye a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, da hawa bishiya da dare. Abincinsu ya haɗa da tushen, harbe, ganye, namomin kaza, ƙwayaye da 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban, har da kwari, mollusks, lizards, ƙananan tsuntsaye da qwai.
Halayyar zamantakewa da sake haifarwa
Yawancin lokaci ja birai An adana shi cikin rukuni na mutane 5-30, wanda ya ƙunshi namiji manya, 3-8 mace da sa ofan tsararraki daban-daban. Ayyukan da jagora ke gudanarwa an ƙaddara su da yanayin rayuwa a cikin ƙananan kwari, inda a kullun ƙungiyar ke fuskantar haɗarin kai hari daga damisa da tsuntsaye. Shi ke da alhakin lura da duk wata hatsari mai zuwa a lokacin: ya hau kan kafafunsa biyu ya yi tsayi daga ciyawa mai tsayi, ta amfani da wutsiyarsa don tallafi, ko hau kan wata itaciya da ba kowa, don bincika yankin. Idan namiji ya ga maharbi, ba ya yin ƙara, mai dattako, amma sauti, sautikan, mai saurin girgiza kai tsaye wanda ke faɗakar da ƙungiyar duka. Birai a hankali suna ɓoyewa a cikin ciyawa, yayin da jagora ke yin jan hankali: yana tsalle tare da saƙo a kan rassan, sa’an nan kuma ya kutsa kai cikin kishiyar abin da mace da sasan suka sami mafaka don basu damar tserewa daga abokan gaba. Maza marasa aure zasu iya kafa singlean kananan ƙungiyoyi. Yayin rana, ƙungiyar birai suka bazu, amma membobin sa suna cikin haɗuwa da juna na yau da kullun. Hussars sune dabbobi marasa tsoro da dattako. Sun yi shuru sosai, kuma suna amfani da sautuka 4-5 ne kawai don sadarwa. Kungiyar tana yin sauyi mai mahimmanci, wani lokacin har zuwa kilomita 12 a rana. Namiji mai girman kai koyaushe dole ne ya tabbatar da matsayinsa a matsayin mai mallakar ƙwarya a cikin faɗa tare da maza guda ɗaya.
Cutar ciki a cikin wannan nau'in ta kai kimanin kwanaki 170, bayan wannan haihuwar guda ɗaya ce. An haifi jaririn tsakanin Disamba zuwa Fabrairu. A cikin watanni ukun farko na rayuwa, mahaifiyar tana saniya da maraƙin a ciki. A cikin bauta, jan birrai suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20 ko fiye.
Halayya da abinci mai kyau na birai hussar
Hussar birrai sun kasance ƙungiyoyi dabam-dabam na mata da maza. Mata sun taru a babban garken, a cikinsu akwai mutane 60. A irin wannan fakitin akwai ko da yaushe alpha namiji wanda ke kiyaye mace. A lokacin kiwo, sabbin maza sukan zo ga waɗannan rukunoni. A tsawon sauran lokutan, mazajen suna rayuwa cikin kebe daban daban na mace.
Waɗannan magabatan firam suna kashe yawancin rayuwarsu a duniya, amma suna iya hawa bishiyoyi da duwatsu da kyau. Mafi yawan lokuta suna motsawa a kan wata gabar jiki, kuma idan sun tsaya akan kafafunsu na baya, suna amfani da wutsiyar a matsayin ƙarin cikar ciki. Lokacin da birai hussar ke da matukar damuwa, suna tsalle daga gefe zuwa gefe. Waɗannan dabbobi ba su da shiru, lokacin da suke magana da junan su, suna amfani da sautuka mai kyau sosai. Wakilan wannan nau'in suna barci a kambi na bishiyoyi.
Hussar biri shine kusan abu ne.
Abincin birai-hussars ya bambanta sosai, suna ci: ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa, zuma, kwari, tsaba, ƙwai, kifi, lizards, tsuntsaye. A cikin neman abinci, waɗannan magabatan suna motsa kullun a nesa da nisan kilomita 0.7-12. Birai suna ƙoƙarin kasancewa kusa da gawarwakin ruwa, ruwa yana da mahimmanci musamman a gare su yayin fari.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin haila a cikin wadannan magabatan watanni 5.5 ne. Matar ta haihu kamar 1. Ciyar da Milk yana tsawon shekaru 2. Mutane sun balaga da jima'i tun suna shekara 4. A wannan zamani, maza suna barin uwayensu kuma su shiga cikin ƙananan rukuni. Tsawon rayuwar birai-hussars a cikin daji shine shekaru 21, matsakaicin da ya dade yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 21.6.
Babu takamaiman bayanai game da yalwar jinsunan, amma birai hussar sun zama ruwan dare gama gari, don haka babu buƙatar yin magana game da barazanar ƙonewar jama'a.
Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.
Tsarin biri
Masana kimiyya suna yin nazarin birai na dogon lokaci. Akwai rarrabuwa daban-daban na dabbobi masu shayarwa, wadanda aka fi sani da suna kamar haka:
- rukuni na sojoji
- manyan-nosed na muhalli,
- birai masu ban sha'awa iri-iri,
- dabbobi masu shayarwa,
- wani rukuni-kunkuntar
- Gibbon
- lemuranut
- gorillas
- chimpanzee.
Kowane ɗayan rukunin yana da wakilai masu haske, ba kamar kowa ba. Bari mu bincika kowane ɗayansu daki-daki.
Dogaye-fari, manyan-nood da marmoset birai
Groupsungiyoyi uku na farko na dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cikin ƙananan birai. Tinan ƙananan kananun da suka ragu sune:
Siricht - tsayin dabbar dabbobi ya kai cm 16, nauyi ba sa wuce 160 g. Birai an bambanta su da manyan launuka masu kyau.
Banana tarsier ƙarama ce, kuma tana da manyan idanu da farar ƙasa mai launin shuɗi.
Fatalwar oneaya daga cikin jinsunan birrai ce masu ɗaukar hankali, tare da yatsun bakin ciki, dogayen yatsun hannu da kuma goge wanne a ƙarshen wutsiya.
An bambanta birai da-biri a cikin wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa ta gaban manya-manyan septum hanci da hakora 36. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna da wakilci:
Capuchinous - fasalin dabbobi shine wutsiya mai kamshi.
Crybaby - an jera wannan nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin Littafin Red. Sunan biri ya kasance sabili da sautinsa na musamman da suke sawa.
Favi - birai sun yi girma har zuwa cm 36, yayin da wutsiyarsu kusan 70 cm ne.
White-breasted capuchin - ya bambanta da fararen tabo akan nono da almakashi na tsoho. Launi mai launin ruwan kasa a baya da kai yana kama da hular riga da alkyabbar.
Saki-monk - biri ya ba da alama mai shayarwa mai tunani mai ban sha'awa, yana da kaho da aka rataye a goshi da kunnuwa.
An tsara waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar biri guda biyu:
Uistiti - tsayin dabbar asalin bai wuce cm 35 ba. Babban sifofi shine madaidaiciyar yatsun kafa a yatsun kafa, wanda zai baka damar tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe kuma ya kama su daidai.
Dwarf marmoset - tsawon dabba 15 cm ne, yayin da wutsiyar ta girma zuwa cm 20. Birai yana da doguwar sutura mai kauri irin ta zinare.
Black tamarin shine karamin biri mai duhu wanda ya girma zuwa 23 cm.
Tsarin tamarin - a wasu kafofin, biri ake kira pinche. Lokacin da dabbar ta damu, farar fulawa ta hau kansa. Firamare suna da farin nono da goshi; duk sauran sassan jiki kuma ja ne ko launin ruwan kasa.
Piebald tamarin - wani fasalin fasalin biri ne cikakke wanda ba shi da tushe.
Sizearancin girman yana ba ka damar kiyaye wasu dabbobi har ma a gida.
Kallimiko, kunkuntar-nosed da gibbon birai
Kwanan nan an sanya birai Kallimiko a cikin wani aji daban. Babban wakilin dabbobi masu shayarwa sune:
Marmosetka - dabbobi sun haɗu da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan birai. Firamare suna da tsarin paws, kamar na birai marmoset, hakora, kamar capuchins, da kuma muzurai, kamar tamarines.
Ana iya samun wakilan ƙungiyar kunkuntar birai a cikin Afirka, Indiya, Thailand. Waɗannan sun haɗa da birai - dabbobi da ke da gaba da gaba ɗaya da ƙusoshinsu iri ɗaya, ba su da gashi a wuƙaƙƙun ciki da yankuna masu rauni a ƙarƙashin wutsiya.
Hussar - birai masu fararen hancinsa da manyan fuka-fukai masu kaifi. Dabbobin suna da tsofaffin kafaffen jiki da kuma kashin wuya.
Ganyen fure - wanda aka yi amfani da ulu mai launin shuɗi a kan wutsiya, baya da kambi. Hakanan, birai suna da firam na kunci, kamar hamsters, waɗanda ke adana kayan abinci.
Javanese macaque wani suna ne na "fasahar kere-kere." Birai suna da kyawawan idanu na idanu da kuma launin kore da ke sanya ciyawa.
Kasuwancin Jafananci - dabbobi suna da sutura mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da sha'awar babban mutum. A zahiri, birai masu matsakaici ne kuma saboda dogon gashinsu suna da girma fiye da yadda suke.
Rukuni na dabbobi masu shayarwa an kwatanta shi da dabino, ƙafa, fuska da kunnuwa, gashin gashi wanda ba ya nan, da kuma angarorin kafaffun tsokoki.
Wakilan Gibbon sune:
Gibbon na azurfa - ƙananan dabbobi na launin toka-azurfa mai launin baki tare da wulakanci, makamai da ƙafafu baƙi.
Gibbon da aka Kwantar da Rawaya
Gibbon da aka sanya da launin toka-launin toka - launin rawaya wani sifofi ne na dabbobi, kuma yayin haihuwa duk mutane haske ne, kuma kan aiwatar da girma sun zama baƙi.
Hulok na Gabas - suna na biyu shine "biri dawa." Dabbobi sun bambanta da fararen gashin da ke saman idanun dabbobi masu shayarwa. Da alama primates suna da gashin ido.
Siamese-spawning - daga wannan rukunin, siamang an dauki shi biri mafi girma. Kasancewar kwayar wuya a wuya a jikin dabba yana bambanta shi da sauran wakilan gibbon.
Dwarf gibbon - dabbobi suna da dogon fuska wanda suke ja a ƙasa yayin motsawa, don haka birai suna tafiya da hannayensu a bayan kawunansu.
Ya kamata a sani cewa duk gibbons bashi da wutsiya.
Orangutans, Gorillas da Chimpanzees
Orangutans suna da manyan birai masu yatsu masu yatsu da ƙoshin mai a kan cheeks. Wakilan wannan rukunin sune:
Sumatran orangutan - dabbobi suna da launin launi na ulu.
Bornean orangutan - magabatanta na iya girma zuwa 140 cm kuma tayi nauyi kimanin kilogram 180. Birai suna da gajerun kafafu, babban jiki, da makamai suna rataye a ƙasan gwiwoyi.
Kalimantan orangutan - launin ruwan hoda-ja daban-daban da kwanon rufi na fari a gaba. Birai suna da manyan hakora da ƙananan muƙamuƙi mai ƙarfi.
Wakilan ƙungiyar gorilla sun haɗa da irin waɗannan nau'ikan birai:
- Gorilla ta bakin teku - matsakaicin nauyin dabbar ita ce kilogram 170, tsayi - cm cm 16. Idan mata sun kasance baki ɗaya, to maza suna da madafin zinare a bayansu.
- Gorilla Plain - halin launin ja mai launin toka-mai launin ruwan hoda, mazauninsu - busasshen mango.
- Mountain gorilla - dabbobi an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi. Suna da sutura mai kauri da dogaye, kwanyar ta fi kunkuntar, tafin hannu ya fi gajerun kafa na baya.
Chimpanzees da wuya yayi girma sama da 150 cm kuma nauyinsa ya wuce kilo 50. Nau'ikan birai a cikin wannan rukunin sun hada da:
Bonobo - dabbobi da aka sani a matsayin birrai mafi hikima a duniya. Firamare suna da gashi baƙi, fata mai duhu da lebe mai ruwan hoda.
Chimarin chimpanzees - masu mallakar ulu mai launin ruwan kasa-da fararen fata kusa da bakin. Birai na wannan nau'in suna motsa ƙafafun kawai.
Birai kuma sun hada da farauta masu baki, da biri (shuɗi) da farar saki, da biri, da kahou.
Kudancin Sahara, a cikin matakan dawakai da savannah na Afirka, akwai wani nau'in al'ada da aka fi sani da manyan biri a gidan biri. Za ka iya ganinsu galibi a cikin ganyayyaki da aka bushe da ciyayi a cikin lambun da ke a ƙasa da kuma na bude. Jikin hussar biri (Erythrocebus patas) an lullube shi da gashi mai launin shuɗi, kafafu suna da tsawo da haske, an kawata kanshi daɗaɗɗen baki a goshi da hanci, gashin ido mai duhu, busassun murfi da gashin baki. A wasu lokutan ana kiran dusar biri biri-osan zinari.
Wadannan birai masu ƙasa ne kuma sun fi ƙarfin aiki yayin rana. A cikin mazauninta na halitta, biri biri ya kankama sosai, kuma idan ya kasance haɗari sai ya manne a ƙasa da kayan kwalliya, ciyawa da bishiyoyi suka ɓoye. Abincin hussar biri ya ƙunshi dukkan sassa masu taushi, 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa, gami da ƙananan shinge: tsuntsaye, dabbobi da kwari.
Hussar biri biri salon
Hussar birai suna zaune a cikin garken mutane 5-30, inda mafi ƙarfi da ƙwararrun maza ke jagorantar. Matan waɗannan birai sun fi maza yawa. Membobin gidan suna rayuwa cikin aminci cikin aminci. Yana ɓoye a tsakanin maɓuɓɓugan itace, biranen hussar suna maimaitawa a tsakanin junan su, suna yin halayyar kara hauka. Suna tsayawa koyaushe a kan kafafunsu na kafaɗa kuma suna ɗaga kawunansu, suna bincika abubuwan da ke kewaye da saman ciyawar da ciyayi. An bambanta waɗannan birai ta hangen nesa da ji. Suna da sa ido, lura da 'yan ƙananan canje-canje a cikin yanayin kuma suna gudana cikin sauri, haɓaka saurin kilomita 50-60 / h. Idan ya cancanta, suna haukan hawa dogaye bishiyoyi inda suka gwammace su kwana. A cikin yanayin halitta, suna da yaduwa tare da wuraren zama a cikin ƙasashen Afirka: Uganda, Habasha, Senegal, Sudan.
Sake bugawa da fasalin halayen biri hussar
Matar hussar mace tana ɗaukar ɗan sa ɗaya na kimanin makonni 24. Bayan haihuwa, jariri mai launin ja yana cikin mahaifar mahaifiyar kimanin makonni shida, amma ya barshi da wuri, yayin da yake a sashin gani da gani, yana wasa da sauran birai. Bayan shekara guda, daga ƙarshe ya ƙaurace wa mahaifiyarsa kuma ya shiga cikin wasu gungun matasa. Lokacin balagarsa ya fara ne daga shekaru hudu.
Husar biri biri da sauri ya zama mai zaman kansa
Mai ban sha'awa don sani. Tsawon jikin biri hussar shine 60-85 cm, da wutsiya na 50-70 cm. Tsinkaya kilogram 4-12, tsammanin rayuwa shekaru 15-20.
Hussar birai dabbobi ne masu tsabta, saboda haka ana kiyaye su a gida. Monararun birrai suna da matukar haɗin ga masu mallakarsu, amma yayin da suka kai shekaru 5-7 suna iya zama haɗari kuma suna jin zafin cizo tare da haƙoransu masu kaifi. Biri biri hussar shima yana amfani da kuliyoyi masu tsini don kakkabe katako mai kwayoyi da take so ta sake samu.
Hussar biri (lat.Erythrocebus patas) wani biri ne mai kunci daga dangin Monkey (lat.Cercopithecidae), a halin yanzu shine kadai wakilin halittar Erythrocebus. Yana da halin rashin fahimta da rashin hankali musamman ma a cikin tsufa.
Yana da sunan ta ga farin launi na paws, na tunawa da bikin hutu na husnars na Rasha a farkon karni na 19. Jinsunan sun fara bayanin kimiya a 1775 a cikin ayyukan masanin ilmin halitta na kasar Jamus Johann von Schreber (1739-1810).
Birai sun shahara da zaluncinsu da kwaɗayin dattin kullun daga wuri zuwa wuri. Von Schreber da walwala shine ainihin maƙaryacin anniyar ba za su iya yin alfahari da wannan ba.
Rowatattun leƙo asirin ƙasa sun sami motsi.An sa su a rigar tare da taimakon mai tsari a jikin tsirara, galibi suna haifar da rudani da basur bayan bushewa.
Bayan kwalliyar, an tilastawa jarumai suyi amfani da kayan aikin likitanci da sauran masu shan azaba na dogon lokaci. Mai martaba sarki Nicholas na sha wahala daga kunkuntar kafaffun kasa da talakawansa, amma yana alfahari da cewa sun fi kunkuntar fiye da na sojojin Prussian, daga inda aka aro su a karshen karni na 18.
Turawan turai ba su wahala daga irin waɗannan matsalolin ba, saboda sun sa ƙananan lambobin da ba sa fata mai tsada kuma ba fata mai tsada ba.
Bayanin
Tsayin jikin mutum ya tashi daga 58 zuwa 75 cm, kuma wutsiya daga cm 62 zuwa 74. nauyi shine kilo 7.5-12.5. Maza sun fi girma fiye da mace. A kan goshin, gashin ya yi launin ja. Karamin jiki mai launin rawaya.
Gindi da goshin manyan doguwar riga ne fari. An yiwa dutsen ado da farin gashin baki. Isafa bakin tana da manyan kugunan ƙarfi.
Matsakaicin rayuwar hussar birai ya kai shekaru 23.
Sake buguwa da tsammanin rayuwa
Cutar ciki tayi tsawon watanni 5.5. An haifi jariri 1. Matar tana ciyar da shi da madara tsawon shekaru 2. Lokacin balaga yana faruwa yana da shekaru 4. Bayan haka, maza sun bar uwayensu kuma suka kafa kungiyoyin maza. Yarinya mata sun zauna tare da uwayensu. A cikin daji, biri hussar yana zaune shekaru 21. Matsakaicin rayuwar da aka yi rikodin shine shekaru 21.6.
Hussar biri - biri biri na da rami
Kudancin Sahara, a cikin matakan dawakai da savannah na Afirka, akwai wani nau'in al'ada da aka fi sani da manyan biri a gidan biri. Za ka iya ganinsu galibi a cikin ganyayyaki da aka bushe da ciyayi a cikin lambun da ke a ƙasa da kuma na bude. Jikin hussar biri (Erythrocebus patas) an lullube shi da gashi mai launin shuɗi, kafafu suna da tsawo da haske, an kawata kanshi daɗaɗɗen baki a goshi da hanci, gashin ido mai duhu, busassun murfi da gashin baki. A wasu lokutan ana kiran dusar biri biri-osan zinari.
Wadannan birai masu ƙasa ne kuma sun fi ƙarfin aiki yayin rana. A cikin mazauninta na halitta, biri biri ya kankama sosai, kuma idan ya kasance haɗari sai ya manne a ƙasa da kayan kwalliya, ciyawa da bishiyoyi suka ɓoye. Abincin hussar biri ya ƙunshi dukkan sassa masu taushi, 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa, gami da ƙananan shinge: tsuntsaye, dabbobi da kwari.
20.11.2015
Hussar biri (lat.Erythrocebus patas) wani biri ne mai kunci daga dangin Monkey (lat.Cercopithecidae), a halin yanzu shine kadai wakilin halittar Erythrocebus. Yana da halin rashin fahimta da rashin hankali musamman ma a cikin tsufa.
Yana da sunan ta ga farin launi na paws, na tunawa da bikin hutu na husnars na Rasha a farkon karni na 19. Jinsunan sun fara bayanin kimiya a 1775 a cikin ayyukan masanin ilmin halitta na kasar Jamus Johann von Schreber (1739-1810).
Birai sun shahara da zaluncinsu da kwaɗayin dattin kullun daga wuri zuwa wuri. Von Schreber da walwala shine ainihin maƙaryacin anniyar ba za su iya yin alfahari da wannan ba.
Rowatattun leƙo asirin ƙasa sun sami motsi. An sa su a rigar tare da taimakon mai tsari a jikin tsirara, galibi suna haifar da rudani da basur bayan bushewa.
Bayan kwalliyar, an tilastawa jarumai suyi amfani da kayan aikin likitanci da sauran masu shan azaba na dogon lokaci. Mai martaba sarki Nicholas na sha wahala daga kunkuntar kafaffun kasa da talakawansa, amma yana alfahari da cewa sun fi kunkuntar fiye da na sojojin Prussian, daga inda aka aro su a karshen karni na 18.
Turawan turai ba su wahala daga irin waɗannan matsalolin ba, saboda sun sa ƙananan lambobin da ba sa fata mai tsada kuma ba fata mai tsada ba.
