Thwan dutse shine babban kwarin ash. A cikin kaka, lokacin da buns mai nauyi ya rufe bishiyoyi ya tanƙwara rassansu, tarko ya tashi cikin manyan ramuka a kan dutse. A irin wadannan shekarun, filayen filayen kwari basa tashi tare da sauran blackbirds na hunturu, amma suna ci gaba da zama a cikin kasarsu ta arewa. Baya ga ashwar dutsen, an cinye 'ya'yan itace da bishiyoyi, shuɗi, da kwari a cikin bazara da bazara. Fieldbirds suna zaune a cikin itacen birch da a cikin gandun daji. (Kalmomi 60)
A cewar G. Skrebitsky
Grammar aiki:
- Rubuta tushen kalmomin daga rubutun, tsara su ta hanyar kayan rubutu.
- Rubuta kalmomi uku tare da wasali marasa wahalar a kalmar, zabi kalmomin gwaji a kansu.
- Zaɓi kalmomin don waɗannan kalmomin: babba, mai nauyi, arewa.
Bayyanar aikin filin karkara
Wannan murhun matsakaici yana da tsawon tsayi na 25.5 cm, nauyin jiki daga 75 zuwa 140 g da fuka-fuki na 39 - 43 cm saman fatar jiki na filin an zane shi ne da launuka uku: wutsiya kusan baki ce, baya yana launin ruwan kasa, kuma kai mai launin toka ne.
Gashin gwiwoyin reshe, ciki da karancin tsuntsu fari ne. Akwai baƙin baki a cikin makogwaro da kirji na launi mai launin shuɗi. Yawan nuna bambancin Jima'i a cikin harkar ya nuna rauni sosai, mace a bayyanar ba ta bambanta da namiji.
Habitat mazaunin
Matsakaicin filayen kiwo ya shafi kusan dukkanin arewacin Eurasia. A nan, iyakar arewa da iyaka ita ce iyakar arewa na tsirrai. Iyakarsu wajen kudu ta wajen arewa ita ce iyaka a wajen arewa. A lokacin hunturu, tsuntsu ya tashi zuwa Kudu da Tsakiyar Turai, Asiya andarama da Arewacin Afirka.
A tsakanin kewayon sa, tsuntsun ya manne a wurare da dama. Wannan na iya zama iyakar gandun daji kusa da lalatattar daji, waje dazuzzuka, da kan iyaka da kogunan ruwa da gonakin da ake iya sauka. Fieldfare kuma yana zaune a cikin lambuna tsakanin wuraren kiwo da makiyaya, wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, ƙananan rani.
Fieldfare Abinci
Wadannan tsuntsayen sun sami suna saboda gaskiyar cewa suna ciyar da galibi akan tsaunin ash. Sukan tono itacen dutsen, suna zaune a kan rassan, Suna ɗebo 'ya'yan itacen da suka faɗo daga ƙasa.
Kodayake aikin filin yana da yawanci ko da hankali, mutane da ke zaune kusa da gidajen mutane, a wuraren shakatawa da murabba'ai, suna da aminci sosai.
A lokacin da ake ciyar da filin daga ƙasa, zai iya barin mutum kusa da shi.
Babban abinci a cikin abincin kajin kajin shine ciyawar duniya. Kasancewar earthworms sau da yawa yana tantance wurin da mazaunan wannan tsuntsaye suke.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaunar dasu kusa da ƙasa mai laushi, tunda da alama abincin kaji zai iya rayuwa a ciki. Idan, saboda wasu dalilai, ƙasa mai laushi ba ta isa ba, an girbe dutsen ash ɗin ta hanyar ɗakin kwalliya na malam buɗe ido (ƙwararriyar motsi da kwari), gwoza, larvae na mazari, dawakai, ɓarna da sauran mollusks. Tare da marigayi haifuwa, aikin filin yakan ciyar da kajin tare da berries na berry berries, ceri tsuntsu, blueberries da strawberries.
Kiwo daga filin noma
Sarakunan wadannan tsuntsaye ba su da yawa. Yawancin lokaci a cikin ɗayan mallaka guda ɗaya akwai mazaunan 5-6. Da wuya, yawan nishi ya wuce 12. Fieldfare kan samar da gida a daji ko bishiya. Sau da yawa, irin wannan gida yana tsakanin rassan gefen biyu. Ofaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata don gina gidan shine kasancewar ingantaccen tallafi.
Namomin kaza, fungi, kututture, da dai sauransu galibi suna aiki kamar wannan tallafi.
Za a iya samun filayen filayen tsawan nisan tsayi na 0.5 zuwa 20 a saman doron ƙasa. A tsauni mai tsayi, filayen filaye suna yin sheƙarsu, akasari a cikin kusancin mutane, a cikin wuraren shakatawa da kuma murabba'ai.
A cikin mazaunin halitta, tsayin mazaunin da wuya ya wuce 6 m.
Gida wani yanki ne wanda yake da ƙira wanda yake da saurin ciyawa. A gindi kuma tare da gefuna, an shimfiɗa gida tare da hatimin ƙasa. A cikin gida akwai litter mai taushi mai tushe na mai tushe da bast. Tsawon irin wannan gida yana kusan 9 - 18 cm, kuma diamita na 13 - 20 cm. A cikin gida kanta akwai tire tare da zurfin 6 - 7 cm da diamita na 10 - 12 cm.
Gina gida yana farawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, tare da ƙarshen watan Afrilu, da kuma a farkon watan Mayu.
Yawancin nau'ikan filayen filin suna kafa gida inda suka fara yin fara a farkon Mayu. Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai 3 zuwa 7. Harsashi na waɗannan ƙwai an fentin su a cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi kuma an rufe shi da aibobi masu launin shuɗi. Ana haihuwar likkafani a farkon rabin Mayu. A ƙarshen Mayu, suna barin massaka sosai. A watan Yuni, kamala na biyu zai fara.
A karo na biyu akwai ƙananan ƙwai da yawa fiye da na farkon.
Saurari muryar Field
Gina gida yana farawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, tare da ƙarshen watan Afrilu, da kuma a farkon watan Mayu.
Yawancin nau'ikan filayen filin suna kafa gida inda suka fara yin fara a farkon Mayu. Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai 3 zuwa 7. Harsashi na waɗannan ƙwai an fentin su a cikin launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi kuma an rufe shi da aibobi masu launin shuɗi. Ana haihuwar likkafani a farkon rabin Mayu. A ƙarshen Mayu, suna barin massaka sosai. A watan Yuni, kamala na biyu zai fara.
A karo na biyu akwai ƙananan ƙwai da yawa fiye da na farkon.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Habitat
Dutsen ash yana zaune a ko'ina cikin Turai, daga ƙasashen kudanci har Siberiya (zuwa ruwa tsakanin Lena da Yenisei) Hakanan, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna cikin Asiya, Afirka.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna yawan tashi zuwa yankuna na kudu zuwa hunturu, amma idan a cikin kasashen tsakiyar Turai akwai wadatar abinci, to zasu iya jira lokacin hunturu a can.
Sun zauna a kan murna da gefuna na gandun daji masu hade da gishirin, gandun daji masu coniferous. Fanswararrun masu tashi daga cikin shirye-shiryen sirri - suna jin daɗin kansu tare da berries.
Bayanin
Bayyanar tsuntsu abu ne mai iya fahimta. Girman girma ya zama 25-29 cm, matsakaicin nauyi shine 105 g, amma zai iya kaiwa g 130. Tsubin fika ya wuce 40 cm.
Launin yaudarar filin filin ya kuma jawo hankalin mutane: kai da kanshi suna da launin toka, baya da fuka-fukan an fentin su cikin launuka masu duhu, wutsiya mai launin baƙar fata-baki ce. Abun ciki fari ne, kirji ya yadu, babban inuwa yayi kyau, kwari suna duhu da launin ruwan kasa. Lain yana da launin toka. Ana samun wannan nau'in blackbirds a cikin yanayi sau da yawa, sabili da haka sanannen masoyan yanayi ne.
Ana nuna rauni ta jima'i da rauni, amma mace tana nuna shi ta hanyar mafi yawan launuka iri-iri cikin launi. Matsakaicin rayuwar tsuntsu a cikin yanayin rayuwa shine shekaru 12-15; a karkashin yanayi mai kyau, zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 17, amma kuma mafi yawan lokuta yakan zama maharbanta.
Blackbirds na dutse ash a kan dutse dutse.
Rusharfin dutsen ya fitar da tokar dutsen.
Halin
Tsuntsu yana ɗayan mai aiki, mai kama da yaƙi, galibi yankuna na irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ƙarfin gwiwa don kaiwa hari ga mafarauta, suna kare gida. Suna "yakar" mutane da dabbobi masu yanke hukunci a wata hanya ta asali, suna shirya "harin ta'addanci": suna tashi ƙasa akan masu laifin kuma suna lalata su da ruwan sha. A lokaci guda, "busa" ana bambanta su da daidaitattun abubuwa masu ban mamaki. Tushewa da tsintsayen ga tsuntsayen ganima suna da haɗari musamman, tunda bugun fuka-fuka, kayan da aka sanya a ciki ya haɗa su, yana sa wahalar tashi.
Fieldbird - tsuntsu mai ƙarfin zuciya, zai kasance har ƙarshen ƙarshe yana kare mazauninsa daga abokan gaba, har ma shi kaɗai. Sau da yawa magpies da crows sun gwammace su nisanci irin waɗannan tsuntsayen masu yaƙi.
Fieldfare na tsuntsaye ne masu yawan surutu, amma kwarewar sa tana da saukin kai, don haka maza kan wallafa wani saukin “chak-chak”. Idan tsuntsayen suna firgita, suna bayyana kararrawa tare da siginar popping, babu bayanin kula mai dadi. Abu mai ban sha'awa, tsuntsayen suna da zamantakewa sosai: tunda sun gano ash dutsen tare da berries mai daɗi, murkushe kukan tare da yin kuka yana jawo hankalin membobin mallakarta.
Suna da ƙwaƙwalwa da hanzari: idan tsuntsayen suka gano itacen ash na dutse wanda 'ya'yan itacen sa suna da irin wannan ɗanɗano, to babu shakka za su iya tuna shi kuma su sake ziyartarsa.
Rayuwa. Abinci mai gina jiki
Fieldfare fi son zuwa gida nesa da ƙauyuka, amma a cikin hunturu kwari tashi cikin birane, tunda ya fi sauƙi a ciyar a can. Suna gina gidaje a tsauni mai tsayi a farfajiyar bishiyoyi. Tsuntsaye mara hayaniya, maza sukan yi ta raira waƙa sau da yawa a cikin bazara, suna zaune a kan reshe.
filin daga. garken tsuntsayen hoto
Fieldfare suna cin tsire da abincin dabbobi, abincinsu ya dogara da yanayi da lokacinsa. Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, toka itace ta mamaye wani muhimmin wuri a rayuwar wadannan tsuntsayen.
Rowan bushes, kamar ciyayi, waɗannan an kiyaye su a hankali daga masu fafatawa. Idan rowanberry amfanin gona yana da yalwa sosai, to, rowanberries ya kasance hunturu a cikin yankin kuma gefuna masu ɗumi basa tashi a cikin tudu.
Filin gida da kuma masonry hoto
Fieldfare yana da matukar damuwa ga rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Idan babu isasshen abinci, to a cikin hunturu suna ƙaura zuwa kudu, kuma wasu daga cikin mafi ƙanƙan tsuntsaye suna mutuwa yayin tashin jirgi daga gajiya.
Habitat
Fieldbird - tsuntsu wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, yana zaune a ƙasa ta yankin Eurasian, sashi na arewa. Kuna iya haɗuwa da shi kusan a ko'ina cikin Turai, har zuwa Siberiya. Hakanan, wasu lokutan yan mulkin mallaka suna cikin Afirka da Asiya. Koyaya, waɗannan wakilan masu wucewa ba su nan a Spain; ba su da yawa a Ingila da Faransa.
Ya fi son karkatar da ciyawa akan bishiyoyi masu tsayi, wanda yafi so shine almara, Willow. Wani lokaci sukan tashi don ciyar da kwari a cikin kwari. Fiye da mazauninsu na tsuntsaye - gefuna gandun daji, kwalliya, gandun daji mai walƙiya a cikin nesa nesa ba kusa ba daga maɓallin danshi. A cikin duhun lokacin farin ciki ba za ku tarye su ba.
Komawa cikin ƙaura, a cikin hunturu da suka fi so su kasance a cikin Kudancin Turai, Minan Asiya, da arewacin Afirka. Je zuwa hunturu a cikin ƙasashe masu ɗumi, tsuntsu ya dawo da wuri sosai, kuma tuni a watan Afrilu ya fara kiwo. Koyaya, idan a cikin ƙasashen Turai tsuntsayen sun sami isasshen abinci, to ba za su yi ƙaura ba, za su ci gaba da yin hunturu a wuraren da ake kera su kuma za su yi rayuwa mai ma'ana.
Makiyan makiya
A doron ƙasa, kamar filin sauran fatuna, suna birgima ne, suna riƙe kansa kai tsaye. Idan yana ganin abokan gaba, ya miƙe kai tsaye. Idan abokan gaba suka tunkari, to, garken tumaki duka zai rushe a inda zai bi iska.
Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen sun kasance ne a cikin tsarin Passeriformes da dangi na Thrus. A cikin duka, akwai fiye da nau'ikan 62, wanda a cikin Russia mafi yawancin su ne jan-browed, songbird da bugu mai cike da farin jini, filin shakatawa da tsummoki. Dukkansu sunyi motsin dariya a ƙasa a tsalle, kamar dai suna huda baki ɗaya ne a lokaci guda. Blackbirds suna zaune a Turai, Amurka da Asiya, kuma an kawo su New Zealand daga Turai.
Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen sun kasance ne a cikin tsarin Passeriformes da dangi na Thrus
Duk rawardawar arewa a kudu ta mamaye, inda suke ƙaura, suna ƙaura cikin manyan garken, suna canza girma da sifofirsu a sararin sama. Haƙiƙa maƙwabta suna cinro kwari iri-iri, galibi suna tattara su daga ƙasa, suna cin tsutsotsi da masu gizo-gizo, haka kuma daskararre da berries. Dukkanin tsuntsayen wannan rukuni suna da kwarewa, wayoyi, fasaha da wayo. Abubuwan da ke cikin tunani, waƙa, farin ciki, motsi suna da asali a cikin su, kuma Bugu da ƙari, suna ƙaunar jama'a sosai.
Blackbirds suna zaune a Turai, Amurka da Asiya, kuma an kawo su Turai daga New Zealand
Songbird
Sunayen wakar suna sosai saboda haka suke rairawa da kyau sosai, suna kwaikwayon sauran tsuntsayen da suke waka a kusa dasu, suna sayo dukkan wakoki da kansu. Suna da ban mamaki a abubuwan tallafi na nightingale, waɗanda suke sauti da karin waƙa da saukin kai fiye da yadda suke tare da kansu. Tare da wannan waƙar, maza suna jan hankalin mata kuma suna alamar iyakokin ƙasarsu. Neman maza ya zama abin ban dariya: yana bin bayan mace da baki, sannan kuma ya zare wutsiyarsa, sannan ya fice. Tsuntsayen gida ba kawai a cikin hadaddun daji na bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi ba, har ma suna iya yin gida cikin keken a bangon wani tsohon gini ko a ƙasa.
Gida an yi shi da twigs, gansakuka da ciyawa, yana shafa shi da ƙyallen kuma yana sanya shi da yumɓu, wanda aka haɗa fegin dabba. Bayan bushewa, gida ya zama sikelin da kwanon rufi, inda mace zata sanya ƙwai 3 zuwa 5 na launi shuɗi mai haske da ɗigon duhu mai duhu, wanda ke bambanta ƙwai ire-iren waɗannan tsintsayen daga dukkan ƙwai.. Tsuntsayen da aka fi so musamman kamar suƙaƙa da sauran kayan ɗumi kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun fara tsayawa a waɗancan wuraren shakatawa na tsakiyar yankin inda suke. A Turai, an daɗe ana ɗaukar son ciyayi a matsayin tsuntsu mai shakatawa. Suna cin abinci galibi, kuma ana ciyar da gida tare da ƙananan tsutsotsi, garkuwa da kwari. A cikin bazara, suna canzawa zuwa 'ya'yan itace, tsaba da berries.
Menene pheasants, kiwo a gida
Blackbird
Blackbird ya bambanta da dangin sa a duka launi da sifofin fikafikai - sun fi guntu kuma zagaye a ƙarshen. A cikin mazan da suka manyanta, launin launi baki ɗaya ne, baki ne mai ruwan lemo, gefukan ƙusoshin launin rawaya ne. Mace na maza da suka manyanta ana zanen su baki ne a sama, kuma maɓokinsu a ƙasa sun ƙunshi haske da launin toka. Yana zaune a Turai, cikin Madeira, tsibirin Canary da yammacin Asiya. A gefen tekun kudu na Tekun Caspian, ana ɗaukar wannan nau'in tsuntsayen da ya fi kamari. Yana son sha'awar yin sheka tare da koguna da kuma mazauna tsaunin. Yawancin blackbirds suna tashi. Wadancan lokuta lokaci-lokaci suna bayyana a yankinmu, suna tashi kusan rabin duniya, suna motsawa daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kamchatka, suna ƙaura har zuwa Tekun Bering don isa zuwa Turai, suna hayewa gaba da Asiya.
Kholmogorsk geese: bayanin irin, kiwo a cikin fili
Biranƙar fida a cikin waƙoƙi ba shi da ƙima ga mawaƙa, ta yin amfani da yawancin sauti da karin waƙoƙi a cikin mawaƙinta, amma waƙar sa ba ta da daɗi kamar sanannen mawaƙin, ana saninsa da wani yanayi mai sosa rai har ma da baƙin ciki. Shi, a matsayin mai mockingbird, yana ɗaukar sauti daga wasu 'yan uwansa kuma yana wadatar da waƙoƙin wasu waƙoƙin mutane. Yana da kusan omnivorous a abinci: yana cin slugs, tsutsotsi, matafila, kwari, kuma a lõkacin da berries bayyana, shi ciyar a kan elderberry, rasberi, currant, blueberry da daji strawberry, ceri, ceri tsuntsu har ma innabi.
Bluebird
Bluebird shine karamin tsuntsu kadan fiye da sparrow , ɓangaren ɓangare wanda aka fentin launin toka tare da tabarau masu launin ruwan kasa, ɓangaren ɓangaren kuma yana da fari tare da bangarori masu launin ja da nono. Fuka fuka-fukan da ke jikinta da kirji suma ne mai haske, yayin da maza, sabanin mace, suna da amai. A bayyanar da halaye sun yi kama sosai da son littafin waka. Bluebird yana haifar da kyawawan launuka iri ɗaya kuma sautin fata, kuma masu ƙaunar tsuntsaye sunyi imanin cewa bluebird sunfi mai waka kyau. Ga mai gida, yakan zabi gandun daji masu lalacewa da magudanan ruwa, inda yake sanya ƙwai 5 na kore masu launin ja a cikin farantin kwano da aka yi da yumɓu da ciyawa.
Akwai shimfidar furanni a cikin Far Far taiga da gandun daji na gabar gabashin tekun na Okhotsk. Tsuntsu yana da kyan gani, kyakkyawa kuma yana waka mai taushi har ana kiran shi lu'u-lu'u na taiga. Yawancin masoya tsuntsaye da yawa suna tunanin sanya shi a cikin gidansu don sha'awar shi da sauraron waƙoƙinsa. Yana yin kuwwa da ƙarfi a cikin bazara, yana ba da farin ciki ga maigidansa da tsayayyen sauti da kayan masarufi na dare. Mawaƙa mai jan kunne tana cin dutsen ash da elderberry, har da kwari iri-iri, duk da haka, a gida, shirye-shirye na musamman da abincin dabbobi ya kamata a kara wa abincinsa, musamman lokacin molting. Ana buƙatar datse tsohon gashin tsuntsu lokaci-lokaci.
Menene abin murkushewa yake ci
Tsuntsu na Fieldbird yana da halaye iri iri na abinci, da murna suna cin dabbobi da shuka abinci. Tana da matukar son shaye-shaye, don haka a lokacin bazara da lokacin kaka tana jin daɗin sababbin berries. Tharfafawar ya samo sunan ta saboda ƙaunar fruitsa fruitsan itaciya, musamman ma mai daɗi. An lura cewa idan girbin waɗannan berries ya yi yawa a cikin shekara guda, to tsuntsayen ba za su yi ƙaura ba, suna cin abincin da suka fi so a duk hunturu. Abincin tsuntsaye ya dogara ne da lokacin shekara da yanayin yanayi.
Sau da yawa a cikin kaka sukan tashi zuwa cikin lambuna da orchards don jin daɗin lambun berries: blueberries, irga, strawberries, daji, viburnum, cherries, currants. A saboda wannan basa son masu mallakar yankunan kewayen birni.
A lokacin rani, akwai zaɓuɓɓukan abincin dabbobi da yawa:
- Girgizar Kasa
- Mallakis
- Millipedes
- Santana,
- Maƙasai
- Gwoza
- Balagaggun.
Loveaunar tsuntsayen ga tsintsayen duniya yakan haifar da mutuwar mazauna duka: tsutsotsi suna lalata cizonsu da ƙoshin lafiya, wanda ke haifar da matsala narkewa cikin tsuntsaye, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa.
Fieldfare ya dogara da yawan abinci, idan ya juya ya zama shekara mai lalacewa, tsuntsayen sun yi ƙaura a lokacin hunturu, yayin da mutane da yawa ke mutuwa daga gajiya yayin hanya.
Nesting da kiwo
Mata suna tsunduma cikin ginin gida daga rassa da gansakuka, aikin mazan galibi yana kunshe da tsarin kariyar ta. Fieldfare “gidan” ana samunsa ta hanyar manyan kofuna na fure, an rufe shi da ciyawa daga ciki. Ana amfani da Clay da laka don ƙarfafa. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 4 zuwa 7 don gina gida don tsuntsu; lokacin farauta daga watan Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Yuli.
Lutaya daga cikin mahaɗan ya ƙunshi ƙwai 4-7 na kyawawan launuka masu launin shuɗi tare da ɗigunan launin ruwan kasa; a lokacin bazara biyu clutches na iya bayyana, koyaushe akwai ƙarancin ƙwai a cikin na biyu. Mace tana kyankyashewa tsawon kwanaki 12, namiji a wannan lokacin yana tsare da gida, amma baya ciyar da 'budurwarsa, dole ne ya nemi abinci da ita.
Duk iyayen sun yi tarayya da kula da yaran, lokacin ciyarwar bai wuce sati biyu ba. Kyankyasai da wuri sun zama masu zaman kansu kuma suna barin gidan iyayensu.
Fieldbirds a gida tare da kajin tare da irin ƙwaro na Mayu a cikin bakin sa.
Abokan Fieldbird
A dabi'ance, dutsen yana da abokan gaba da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa da sauran wakilan duniyar da aka zana. Saboda haka, crows galibi suna lalata filayen gari, saboda haka ana ɗaukar su manyan maƙiyan. Maza suna yaƙi da tsuntsayen baƙar fata tare da daular baki ɗaya, suna tilasta musu su guji. Makiyan sun hada da jays, katako, squirrels, shaho, da mujiya.
Tabbas, namiji shima hatsari ne ga filin noma.
Abin sha'awa shine, sha'awar taimakawa wasu ba hanya ce ga wadannan tsuntsayen ba, alal misali, 'yan ta'adda maza sukan kori shuwagabannin da ke lalata filayen kare ko kare-kare. Saboda haka, a cikin kusancin kusa da ikon mallakar filayen ƙananan tsuntsaye sun fi so su shirya: greenfinchs, wands.
Fieldbird a kan wani gungu na dutse ash.
Fasalin Bird
Yi la'akari da wasu fasalulluka masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke halayen filayen filin:
- Suna son yin sheƙarsu nesa sosai, a matsakaici, a nesa nesa na 3-5 mita sama da ƙasa, yayin da idan tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birni, inda sukan yi hulɗa tare da mutane, sun fi son hawa har ma da hakan.
- Koyaushe akwai rudani da hayaniya a cikin mulkin blackbirds, tsuntsayen suna da fara'a sosai kuma, idan ya cancanta, a shirye suke su hada kanan.
- Ana ɗaukar tsuntsayen manyan masu rarraba dutsen ash, saboda, wucewa ta cikin jijiyoyin ƙashi, ƙwaya bata rasa haɓakar su.
- Buga na kafa - 5 cm tsayi - ana ɗauka mafi girma a tsakanin ƙananan baƙar fata na Turai.
- Sun bambanta da zaɓin dandano. Don haka, masana kimiyyar halitta sun lura cewa burgewa tare da nishaɗin farin tekun buckthorn, ja currants, 'ya'yan itaciyar blackthorn, amma berries na hawthorn suna jawo hankalin su zuwa ƙasa kaɗan.
Irin wannan itace tarko mai hawa-hawa, mai wakiltar duniya mai ban mamaki, tsuntsu mai irin halaye da abubuwan da yake son dandano, mazaunin gezayen daji da wuraren shakatawa na birni.
Drozd-p_skun (a baya - Rabіnnіk, Tsі Drozd-rabіnnіk)
Dukan yankin Belarus
Iyalin Drozdovye - Turdidae.
A Belarus - T. p. pilaris.
Halin na yau da kullun, ƙaura, ƙaura mai wucewa da nau'in hunturu.
Da ɗan ƙasa kaɗan jackdaws, amma mafi starling. Game da girman daidai da blackbird. Shugaban, saman wuya da naduhvay suna da launin toka, wutsiya mai duhu launin ruwan kasa, ya sha bamban sosai da sauran abubuwanda aka yi niyya. A baya launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ne, yana tsaye daga bangon babban launi na gefen babba. Chest, makogwaro, da na ciki na ciki-mai launin ja tare da duhu, ingantaccen alamar mottles. Ragowar ciki fari da fari mai launin shuɗi. Brown streaks a kan kirji suna jera V-dimbin yawa. Idan ana kallon tsuntsu mai tashi daga ƙasa, za a ga cewa fararen fuka-fuki na fuka-fuki. Lissafin launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi ne tare da saman duhu, ƙafafu masu launin ruwan kasa. Plarfin kananan tsuntsayen sun yi rauni, jiki babba yana launin ruwan kasa. Girman namiji shine 70-140 g, mace ita ce 68-109 g .. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 24-27 cm, fikafiti shine 40-44.5 cm Tsayin reshe na maza shine 13-15 cm, wutsiyar itace 10-12 cm, geza ta 3-4 cm, beak 1.5-2.5 cm. Tsawon reshe na mace shine 12.5-14.5 cm, wutsiya 9-11.5 cm, yatsir 2.5-4 cm, beak 2 cm.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran blackbirds, tsuntsu wanda ake iya gani, mara ƙarancin asiri. A lokacin ƙaura da kuma lokacin hunturu yawanci ana ajiye su a fakitoci. A wuraren zama kuma yana fitar da gabansa tare da fashewa da kuka. Alamar kira “tchscheckchcchk”, lokacin da hatsarin ya tashi “trrrrrr. karshen mako. " Waƙar da aka dasa, a akasin haka, shiru - twitter mai natsuwa, haɗe tare da creak.
Yana da wuya a gyara yanayin bazara, tunda filayen filaye da yawa suna ciyar da hunturu tare da mu, wani lokacin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna bayyana a wuraren da ake farawa a farkon Afrilu, da kuma a Kudancin Belarus a ƙarshen Maris. Kwanan isowa da tashi tsuntsayen sun bambanta a shekara.
Very unpretentious a zabi na kiwo mazaunan. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan daji na rarrafe, gauraye da dazuzzukan daji. Ana iya samunsa a cikin itatuwan birch tare da gurnani mai zurfi, da kuma a cikin tsummoki na bishiyoyi masu tsabta, da kuma tsoffin gandun itacen oak. Tsuntsu fi son haske, yanki mai bakin ciki na gandun daji, galibi yana kusa da farin ciki da murna, sharewa da gefuna.
Sau da yawa yakan zauna a kwarin daji na kwari koguna, a wurare masu laka, kusa da jikin ruwa. Musamman masu son kansu a kusa da mazaunin gida na ɗan adam (a cikin gandun daji a kan karkatar ƙauyuka, kusa da gidajen rani), da kuma wasu wuraren sarari na wurare daban-daban na wuraren shakatawa na al'adun gargajiya (a wuraren shakatawa na gandun daji, tsoffin wuraren shakatawa, wuraren girke-girke, a cikin ƙananan fareti na birni). Ya zama ruwan dare musamman a cikin gidajen rani da birane, ƙauyukan karkara a lokacin kaka-hunturu. A kudu maso yammacin Belarus tana zaune a cikin nau'o'in gandun daji, sun fi son wuraren da ke cikin ciyawar daji (15.6%), sharewa (10.0%), gefunan daji (20.8%), ƙananan vesan katako a tsakanin filayen (12.7%), gefen titi ratsi (8.0%), lambuna da wuraren shakatawa (12.4%).
A cikin yankin Brest, filayen filayen suna fara zaɓar wani yanki mai shimfidawa kuma gina gida a cikin shekaru 2 - 3 na Afrilu, cikin shekaru masu kyau 5-10 kwana a baya, cikin shekaru mara kyau - game da yawan adadin kwanakin baya.
Nests wani lokaci a cikin nau'i-nau'i, amma mafi sau da yawa a cikin ƙananan ikon mallaka (10-30 nau'i biyu), lokaci-lokaci babba sosai (a wasu yankuna, musamman a arewa, sun haɗa har nau'i-nau'i 100).
Gidaje suna a kan bishiyoyi, galibi akan pines, alders matasa, birches, itacen oak a tsayin 1-6 m, a cikin shimfidar wuri - kuma akan filayen furanni, kanana, willows, ash, larch, inda nesting tsawo yawanci yafi hakan girma - 6-12 m kuma mafi. A cikin kudu maso yammacin Belarus, mafi yawan gidaje yawancin lokuta suna kasancewa ne a cikin tsawon 2-4 m (40%) da kuma 4-6 m (35%), ƙasa da yawanci a cikin 6-8 m (10%) ko sama da 8 m (6.8%) . Gida yana cikin buhunan akwati, tsakanin gungumen da kuma reshe mai kauri, a gindin wannan gangar jikin, kusa da gangar jikin (knoan sandunan 2-3 da ke kusa da tallafi) ko kuma a wani ɗan nesa nesa daga shi (a kan rassan a kwance).
Gida wani yanki ne mai cike da girman kofi-ganyaye daga ganyen bara da ganyen hatsi da sauran tsirrai na tsirrai, wani lokacin tare da ckin ɓawon itacen ɓaure da kuma rassan itace mai santsi. Wannan kayan yana cikin ɗaure tare da ƙasa mai laushi, yumɓu, silt. Bayan haka an yi layi tare da ƙarin kayan kwalliya - akasarinsu busassun busassun ciyawa, lokaci-lokaci cakuda shi da zarra. Tsawon gida shine 8 - 15 cm, diamita shine 12-23 cm, zurfin tray shine 6-7.5 cm, diamita shine 9.5-11.5 cm. Ginin gidan yana wuce kwanaki 4-6. Tsuntsayen da suka fara gina gida suna iya barin ta saboda farkon sanyaya, sannan su dawo su gama ginin. A cikin waɗannan halayen, ginin gidan ya kai har kwanaki 10.
Clutch ya ƙunshi 5-6, wasu lokuta 3-4, da wuya ƙwai 7. Babban asalin kwasfa shine haske mai launin kore ko rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Brown-brown or brownish-brownish-purple spots da tatsuniyoyi, wani lokacin taruwa a ƙarshen ƙarshe a cikin corolla, suna da yawa ko dasa da yawa yawa ke warwatse tare da shi. Tsarin kwai 6.7 g, tsawon 25-32 mm, diamita 19-23 mm.
A cikin aikin gona, an sake ba da matakai guda biyu na haihuwa. Lokaci na haihuwar cikin tsuntsaye yana fadada kimanin watanni 3.5. Irin wannan tsawon lokacin farauta da rashin daidaituwar tsarin ckin kajin a cikin lokacin kiwo ana yin bayanin su ne ta hanyar hada-hadar rashin daidaituwa na filin daga cikin tsarin haihuwa da kasancewar maimaituwa.
Tsuntsu yana fara kiwo a cikin rabin na biyu na Afrilu. Koyaya, yawancin ma'aurata suna sanya ƙwai a cikin lokacin daga shekarun goma na uku na Afrilu zuwa farkon shekarun Mayu. Zuriya suna sau biyu a shekara. Karo na biyu yana fitowa ne a cikin rabin Yuni na biyu. Matar da yake sanyata tsawon kwanaki 13-14, shiryawa zata fara bayan mace ta sanya kwai ta karshe. Namiji a wannan lokacin yana kiyaye gida kuma idan abokan gaba suna zuwa da babbar murya, suna kai masa hari, sau da yawa suna jefa shakatawa. Hatanyen kajin na faruwa a cikin shekarun 2-3 na 3 na Mayu. A cikin kwanakin farko na biyu bayan farawar kajin, macen ta kusan ba ta cirewa daga gida. A wannan lokacin, namiji yana kula da ita, wanda kowane minti 10-15. yana kawo abinci - tsutsotsi daban-daban. Kajin da aka zaba suna cikin gida don kwanaki 12-13, lokacin da iyayen biyu suke ciyar da su.
Fieldfare ciyar da gida tare da kananan invertebrates, da farko earthworms. Nemo abinci a ƙasa a cikin wurare masu raunin ciyawar ƙasa, akasarinsu cikin fallenan ganye. Wannan yana bayanin gaskiyar cewa tashoshin nesting suna kusa da yankuna tare da ƙasa mai laima. A irin wa annan wuraren, ba yan asalin ba kawai lokacin tarbiyyar matasa dabbobi, har ma a farkon lokacin da suka iso. A karo na biyu na Yuni - Yuli, iyaye sun kawo blueberries, strawberries, da sauransu zuwa kajin.
Matsakaicin girman dabarun farauta na filayen kiwo a cikin halittu iri daban-daban yayin ciyar da kajin a kudu maso yamma na Belarus yakai 15,26 dubu m².
A lokacin ciyar da kajin, iyaye kan kawo abinci a gida 110-160 a lokutan hasken rana. Mitar da iyaye ke ciyar da kawunansu ya danganta da yawansu, shekarunsu, da lokacinsu. Feedingarfin ciyarwa (sau 12-15 a kowace awa) da jimlar adadin abinci a rana zuwa shidda tare da kajin 6 ya kai aƙalla kwanaki 8-9 na rayuwarsu. Da ɗan ƙananan, waɗannan alamomin an yi rikodin su don maza inda a cikin kajin 4. A farkon ciyar da kajin a cikin kwanaki 1-3 na rayuwarsu, yawan isar da sako zuwa gida ba ta wuce sau 6-7. A wannan lokacin, namiji yakan kasance cikin ciyar da kajin, yayin da mace take ciyarwa har zuwa 40-60% na awannin hasken rana a cikin gida, tana sanya mata kajin.
Kajin na zagayawa na kiwo na farko a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Mayu - shekaru goma na farko na watan Yuni. Fieldfare hatchlings suna barin mazaunin da ba'a shirya don rayuwa mai zaman kanta ba, har yanzu talauci ya sami damar tashi, tare da fuka-fukai marasa wutsiya da wutsiya, kuma manya suna ciyar da koyar da su kwanaki 10-12. Sun fara yin rayuwa mai cikakken 'yanci kusan shekara ɗaya.
Karo na biyu yakan faru ne a shekarun shekarun 2-3-3 na watan Yuni, kajin sun bar mazaunin a shekarun 1st da 2 na Yuli.
A watan Yuli, an lura da kwararar tsuntsayen lokacin rani, wanda manya, kajin na broods na farko da na biyu suka shiga. A cikin shekaru goma na uku na Yuli - rabin farkon watan Agusta, tsuntsaye sun fara tattarawa cikin garken da ke ƙaura zuwa wuraren kiwo.
Makon ƙaura na filayen filayen zuwa wuraren hunturu ana lura da watan Satumba-Oktoba. Hijirar kaka ta filayen masifa tana faruwa ne a shekarun 2 - 3 na 3 na Oktoba - rabin 1 ga Nuwamba.
Blackbirds na iya yin tsayayya da dusar ƙanƙan ƙasa har zuwa -30 ° С, wanda ke ba su damar kasancewa don hunturu lokacin da abinci yake a iyakokin arewacin ƙasar. A cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, ana samun ashura akai-akai a cikin birane da ƙauyuka a cikin hunturu, kuma sama da shekaru 20 da suka gabata - a yankuna na gidajen rani. Wani lokacin royawa garken lamba 100 ko fiye mutane. Musamman dabbobi masu yawa na tsuntsayen nomadic ana yin rikodin su a cikin shekarun girbi mai yawa na itacen ash - babban abincin tsuntsaye. Fieldfields suna zama a wuraren kiwo har sai sun cinye itaciyar. Ana maimaita irin waɗannan lokutan akan matsakaici sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru uku.
Abincin Fieldfare ya bambanta sosai a cikin lokutan shekara. A cikin bazara da bazara, waɗannan ɓarna suna cin abincin dabbobi - ciyawar ƙasa, kwari, ƙananan mollusks - tattara ganima a ƙasa. Tuni a tsakiyar lokacin bazara, blueberries, cherries, raspberries da blackberries sun fara ci. A cikin damina da damina, babban abincinsu shine ash, dutsen viburnum, berries ɗin misletoe, itacen juniper, 'ya'yan itacen ɓoyayyen da suka saura akan bishiyoyi.
A cikin shekaru tare da karancin kayan ash, dutsen ke yawo filayen da kuma gabar jikin ruwa don neman abinci. A cikin shekaru masu yawan shekaru don ash ash da sauran fruitsa fruitsan itaciya, tarkace da yawa ya ragu a kan yankin Brest na kusan dukkanin lokacin hunturu. Tsuntsaye suna barin yankin bayan tokar dutsen ta kare. Karamin kungiyoyi ko daidaikun mutane kan kasance har zuwa lokacin bazara, idan babu sabbin rukunin rowan, wadannan tsuntsayen suna manne da gabar wuraren da ba a samun kankara ba ko wuraren shakatawa a birane.
Yawan filayen filayen a Belarus sun tabbata, an kiyasta kimanin 300-500 dubu nau'i biyu. Babu wata saurin canzawa a cikin yawan tsuntsaye a cikin shekaru kuma ya bambanta da bai fi sau 3 girman su ba.
Matsakaicin shekarun shekaru 18 da aka yiwa rajista a Turai shine wata 1.
1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Mulkin dabbobi na Belarus. Vertebrates: littafin rubutu. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 p.
2. Nikiforov M.E., Yaminsky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Tsuntsayen Belarus: Jagorar Jagora don Nests da ƙwai" Minsk, 1989.-479 p.
3. Gaiduk V. ye., Abramova I. V. "Tsinkayen tsuntsaye a kudu maso yamma na Belarus. Passeriformes: tarihin duniya." Brest, 2013.
4. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. “Tsuntsayen Belarus”. Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. Abramova IV, Gaiduk V. Haka ne. "Tsarin ilimin halittar dangin kiwo (Turdus, Turdidae, Passeriformes) a kudu maso yammacin Belarus" / Matsaloli na ainihi na kimiyyar zoological a Belarus: Tarin labaran XI Zool. Cikin. kimiyya da aiki. Conf., Wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga bikin cika shekaru 10 da kafa kungiyar Kimiyya da Kasuwanci “Cibiyar Kimiyya da Tasiri don albarkatun halittu ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Belarus, Belarus, Minsk. T. 1, 2017.S. 6-17
6. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) LITTAFIN jerin bayanan tarihin rayuwar tsuntsayen Turai.
Bayyanar Babban babban yatsan, saman kai da dantse suna da launin toka-toka, ciki da reshe a kasa fararen fata ne, baya yana launin ruwan kasa-kasa, fuka-fukai da wutsiyarsu duhu ne, kirji da tarnaƙi sun cika da baki mai warin baki.
Crackara tsage "tra-ra-ra-ra. "Kuma halayyar screech. Waƙar tashin filin ba kiɗan ba ne, yana da alaƙa da irin ta shuɗewar farin-browed, amma da babbar murya kuma, wataƙila, har ma da sauri. Fieldfare ba shi da cikakkiyar bayanan magana.
Hatta. Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu haske da wuraren shakatawa.
Abinci mai gina jiki. Yana ciyar da ciyawar, tsintsayen ƙwayoyin cuta, da kwari, waɗanda suke tarawa a ƙasa, jita-jita a cikin zuriyar dabbobi.
Nesting wurare. A zabin wuraren zama, filin yawon shakatawa bashi da matukar kyau. Yana nurs biyu a cikin deciduous da coniferous gandun daji, amma akasarinsu a cikin haske, kusa da farin ciki, gefuna, share, kogunan kogi, kuma a cikin mafi yawan wurare - har ma a cikin gidajen Aljannar da kuma Parks.
Wurin da yake. Fieldfare nests kadai, wani lokacin a cikin mazauna. Za'a iya samun mulkin mallaka na yawancin wurare, wanda ke da kusanci da juna daga wata, a tsakanin kananan bishiyoyin Kirsimeti wadanda suke yin gindin zama a cikin gandun daji mai rarrafe. Gefen mafi yawanci ana tsakanin rassan sassan biyu na kusa da babban akwati, wani lokacin a cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan, da wuya a tsawon 5-6 m, yawanci 2-3 m daga ƙasa.
Ginin kayan gini. A gida ne Ya sanya daga bushe ciyawa mai tushe. Gefen sa da gindinsa suna da ƙarfi da ƙasa ta kafe. Ruwan zurfin ciki yana da laushi, an yi shi da firam na itace da mai tushe.
Siffa da girma daga cikin soket. Gida mai siffa Ginin yana da girma fiye da na murhun wakar da fararen kaya, amma ɗan ɗan ƙaramin buhu. Diamita na soket shine 130-200 mm, tsawo daga cikin soket shine 90-180 mm, diamita na tire shine 100-120 mm, zurfin tray shine 60-70 mm, kauri bango shine 20-30 mm, kauri mafi girman shine 20-40 mm.
Siffofin masonry. Clutch of 5-6, wani lokacin 7 greenish qwai tare da lokacin farin ciki m. Girman kwayoyi: (26-32) x (19-24) mm.
Kwanan kwano. Zuwan yana farawa da wuri, daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa farkon Afrilu. A watan Afrilu, tsuntsaye kan gina gida, kuma a rabi na biyu na wannan watan sun fara keɓin qwai. A cikin farkon rabin Mayu, kajin fara bayyana, kuma a ƙarshen Mayu da farkon Yuni, ƙaƙƙarɗun taro daga mazaunin ya faru. A watan Yuni, filayen filayen sun fara kama biyu, yawan kwai a ciki wanda yake da wuya ya fi 4.Sukan tashi daga maraice, a cikin Nuwamba, kuma a cikin shekarun girbi na rowan, garken mutum suna kwance a tsakiyar layi har zuwa Disamba har ma da Janairu.
Rarraba. An rarraba shi daga kan iyakokin yamma na Rasha zuwa gabas zuwa kogin Aldan da Vitim, da kuma a Sakhalin duk cikin gandun daji da yankuna-steppe, kuma a wasu wurare ya shiga kudu tundra.
Cin nasara. A lokacin hunturu, galibi ne ke gudana a kudanci kasar, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan manyan garken filayen ruwa galibi hunturu a wuraren shakatawa da murabba'ai na biranen a yankin Turai na Rasha.
Bayanin Buturlin. Fieldfare yana da kyau sosai daban daga sauran ɓarnataccen ɓarke tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi da launin toka na kai, wuya (a baya) da nadvoste. Hakanan an sanya hotonsa da bakinsa, amma mottles din yafi maida hankali ne akan kirji da kuma bangarorin. A tafiyar tsuntsu zaka iya ganin duhu sosai (kauri daga variegated) bangarorin da farar fuka-fukai. Girman aikin filin ya zama mafi girma ja-browed da mawaƙa kai tsawon 25-25 santimita. Maza da mata suna masu launi iri ɗaya, yayin da yara kuma ke da rafi a bangonsu.
Rarraba dutse ash kusan ya zo daidai da yankin kiwo na ja-browed, musamman akan arewacin da gabashin ƙasan ƙasarmu. Amma wannan babban burbushi ya ci gaba a kudu, ya isa Ukraine, Lower Volga da Orenburg steppes. A Asiya, tana can kudu har zuwa Altai, da Sayan Range da Lake Baikal. A cikin kaka, manyan garken dutsen ash suna ƙaura zuwa kudu daga yankin farauta kuma suna bayyana a kudancin Turai, Ukraine, Crimea, Caucasus da Kazakhstan. Yawancin filayen filayen a nan, amma galibi sukan ƙaura zuwa kudu zuwa Arewacin Afirka da Minan Asiya .arama.
Rana yawo Wadannan manyan rawar ruwa suna da alaƙa da girbi na berries a wurare daban-daban na ƙasar. Bayan gama kiwon dabbobi, tonon dutsen yana tarasu cikin garken tumaki kuma suka canza gabaɗaya zuwa abincin Berry. Da farko su ciyarwa bishiyoyi na daji da shudi, sannan - cranberries, cranberries (a arewa), kuma tare da tumbin dutsen ash ana fifita su ga dukkan berries, yana tabbatar da suna mai kyau.
A cikin rabin rabin bazara, ana iya lura da ciyar da broodfishes a cikin gishiyoyin daji, daɗaɗɗun mossy da gyada na peat, inda tsuntsaye suka yi tsalle kuma suka yi yawo a cikin ciyawa ko kuma gansakuka. Baya ga berries, sun sami Anan katantanwa, tsutsotsi da kwari. Matsalolin da ke damun su sun ɗaga kawunansu sama sama da ciyawar, sun waiwaya suna ta birgima a hankali, suna jan wutsiyarsu kuma suna yin natsuwa mara daɗi. A wannan lokacin, zaku iya samun lokaci don la'akari da launirsu kuma gano wanda kuke hulɗa da ku.
Waɗannan ɓarkewan da aka addabesu ba adadi ne sosai ga berries rowan, kuma a cikin girbin shekara, lokacin da aka rataye wasu bishiyoyi a cikin kaka tare da goge mai nauyi na fure mai haske, manyan garken dutse suna tashi daga sanyin safiya har zuwa cikin lambuna na birni. Tsuntsaye suna da hankali kuma, sun isa, da farko sun fara yin shiru. Tabbatar da cewa basu da hadari, sai suka fara yanyanka berries tare da daskararru, marassa lafiya, tugging a goga da sauri hadiye su duka. Rage garke cikin damuwa ba ya tashi daga wurin kuma da babbar kukan “tra-ra-ra-ra. "Kuma halayyar screech da sauri kwari bãya. Amma bayan fewan mintuna sai aka ga kwatancen mai kwantar da hankali akan bishiya (wataƙila daga wani garken), kuma bayan hakan wani lokacin yakan tashi daga guda hamsin daga cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen masu shaye shaye. A berries suna fadowa a gaban idanunmu, kuma a farkon hunturu, yawancin bishiyoyi sun riga sun cika. Don haka, a hankali cinye wannan reshen daji da ake bayarwa, garken dutsen ash suna motsa zuwa kudu. Tsuntsaye ba sa tsoron yanayin sanyi kuma wani lokacin yakan faru a tsakiyar layi kafin farkon hunturu har ma bayan bayyanar murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Daga wasu berriesan itacen berries, filayen filayen suna cin buckthorn, guelder-fure, elderberry, hawthorn, bilberry, bishiyoyi, da juniper-berries, da zaitun, zaitun, da itacen mastic a kudu.
Komawa kan nests a cikin filin daga yana farawa da wuri. Ana samun garken tumaki na farko a tsakiyar layin daga ƙarshen Maris, wani lokacin ruwa, kafin koguna su buɗe. Girma yana cikin watan Afrilu. Babban garken tsuntsaye 100-150, tare da kira mai ƙarfi, wani lokacin tashi sama sosai kuma tsayawa don ciyar tare da gefukan daji tare da bushes wanda ya adana ragowar berries, tare da facin farko mai laushi har ma a cikin lambuna. A wannan lokacin, dole ne suyi fama da yunwa, amma tsuntsayen ba musamman kayan abinci bane kuma kar su karaya. Ragowar garken yana rustles tare da babban waƙoƙin polyphonic, ana sauraro daga nesa.
Fieldfare gida ko da yaushe mazauna, da yawa n kusa kusa da juna, kuma ba sosai a cikin wani zabi zabar wurare. Ba su rayuwa ne kawai a cikin dazuzzukan daji ba. A cikin Arewa mai nisa, alal misali, a cikin Murmansk, dutsen yana zaune a kan tuddai. A tsiri na ci gaba da dazuzzuka na arewa (taiga), wannan murkushewa yana zaune kusa da gefuna, farin ciki, rakodi da kwarin kogin, kuma a cikin mafi yawan wurare - har ma a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa.
Jaket dutse ash ne sananne yafi na songbird da blbrow, tare da sosai kafaffen gefuna da tushe kuma tare da laushi ciki rufi na soaked goshi da stalks. Yawancin lokaci suna kasancewa sama da nishi na ƙananan tsiran da aka bayyana (2-3 mita daga ƙasa), sau da yawa tsakanin rassan gefen biyu, kusa daɗa daga babban akwati. Wannan halin shine musamman hali ga mazaunin dutse ash a cikin groves groves.
Qwai suna kama da qwai masu launin ja, har ila yau, mai launin kore, mai launin shuɗi, amma babba (tsawan har zuwa 32 millimita). Yawan su na yau da kullun a cikin kama shine 5-6, amma lokaci-lokaci akwai 7. 7. A tsakiyar layi, filayen filayen ana killace su sau biyu a lokacin rani, amma a cikin na biyu - Yuni na kama yana da ƙarancin yanayi sama da ƙwai 4. Ma'anar haɓakar ƙwai da kajin daidai take da sauran taƙaƙƙun, ko kaɗan kaɗan. Duk iyayen sun yi amintar tare da karfin gwiwa kan kare gida da kajin daga abokan gaba ta wata hanya ta musamman, wacce take da ma'ana: mai yin magana mai karfi “ra-ra-ra. "Murmushi ya jefa kansa kusan a fuska kuma yayi daidai yayyafa ruwa ruwa. Bayan irin wannan harin, ba da gangan ba za'a tilasta shi ya koma baya, wani lokacin ma kare yakan gudu, wutsiya.
Sanarwa da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta daga Mabuɗin zuwa tsuntsayen da mazaunan kudanci na tsakiyar Rasha (Bogolyubov A.S., Zhdanova O.V., Kravchenko M.V. Moscow, Tsarin yanayi, 2006).
Kayan kayan aikin haƙƙin mallakmu akan kayan ado da tsuntsaye na Rasha:
A cikin namu a farashin da ba na kasuwanci ba (a kan farashin samarwa)
na iya zama don samun bin abubuwan koyarwa akan abubuwan ado da tsuntsayen Rasha:
Na'ura mai kwakwalwa (don PC-Windows) mai dauke da kwatanci da hotunan nau'in tsuntsaye 206 (zane-zane na tsuntsu, silhouettes, nests, qwai da muryoyi), da kuma shirin kwamfuta don gano tsuntsayen da aka ci karo da su.
aikace-aikace don wayowin komai da ruwan Android da Allunan (zaka iya siyan sa a shagon Google Play),
Aikace-aikacen iPhone da iPad :, (dukkansu ana iya saukar da su daga AppStore),
aljihunan aljihunan,
Tabarar shaida mai launi,
gano littattafai na jerin "Encyclopedia of Yanayin Russia" :,
MP3 fayafai tare da muryoyin tsuntsaye (waƙoƙi, kururuwa, kira):