Haddock shine kadai jinsin halittar haddock wanda yake mallakar dangin cod ne. Sunan Latinsa shine Melanogrammus aeglefinus.

Garuruwanta sune tekun arewacin Arctic da tekun Atlantika. Yana da ƙimar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci. An fara bayyana nau'in haddock da ɗan masanin Sweden Karl Linney a 1758. Kuma an bayyana yanayin halittar haddock a wani lokaci mai zuwa, watau a shekarar 1862, masanin Amurkawa Theodore Gill.

Bayanin

Matsakaicin tsayi na haddock daga 50 zuwa 75 cm, kodayake, ana samun daidaikun mutane waɗanda suka kai tsawon mita ɗaya ko fiye.

Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

Matsakaicin matsakaici shine kimanin kilogiram 2-3, amma ana samun manyan maganganu, wanda girmansa yakai daga kilogiram 12 zuwa 19. Haddock rayuwar zai iya zuwa shekaru 14. Jikin wannan kifin yana da tsayi sosai, ya ɗan lalace a gefuna. A baya yana da launin toka mai launin shuɗi tare da shunayya ko lilac shimmer, bangarorin suna da sauƙi, silvery, ciki kuma na iya zama fari ko fari mai launin fari. Hanyar gefe ta baki ce. A bangon haddock da ke ƙasa da ƙarshen layi akwai babban tabo baki ɗaya, wanda ke tsakanin ƙungiyar biyu da ƙashin farko na baya.

Abin lura ne cewa fin dodo na farkon haddock ya fi na biyu da na uku girma. Farkon wasan fir na farko yana farawa kaɗan bayan tsaye, yana wucewa a matakin ƙarshen karewar farko, kuma ba ya bambanta da girma dabam. Bakin yana zaune a cikin qashin kai, qaramin abu ne a ciki, muƙamuƙin sama ya ɗan yi gaba kaɗan. A kan cinya akwai karamin eriya, wanda yake a cikin ƙuruciyarsa.

Yaɗa

Haddock yana zaune a cikin tekuna mai cike da gishiri, wannan maɓallin shine 32-33 ppm. Mahalli yanki ne na arewacin tekun Atlantika, a cikin ruwayen da ke kusa da tekun Arewacin Amurka da Arewacin Turai, kusa da tekun Iceland, da kuma a cikin Barents da Tekun na Norway na Tekun Arctic. Akwai yawancin haddocks da yawa a Kudancin Barents da kuma Tekun Arewa a kusa da Iceland, da kuma kan Bankin Newfoundland. Ana samun ƙaramin adadin haddock a bakin gabar Greenland, amma a yankin Labrador Peninsula wannan kifin bai ɗaya ba. Yawancin haddock suna zaune a cikin yankin ruwan Rasha, alal misali, a kudu na Tekun Barents. Amma a cikin Bahar Maliya adadin sa yafi yawa, a cikin Baltic gaba daya babu shi. Wannan na iya yiwuwa ne sakamakon karancin gishiri a cikin ruwayen wadannan tekuna.

Rayuwa

Haddock garken kifi ne da ke jagorantar rayuwa ta kusa-kasa. Zurfin inda ta ke zaune ya kai mita 60 zuwa 200, a wasu lokuta kuma tana iya nutsewa zuwa zurfin kilomita guda. Matashi haddock ya wuce zuwa ga rayuwar rayuwa ta isa shekara daya da haihuwa. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, yana zaune a cikin ruwa ruwa kuma yana ciyarwa a zurfin da bai wuce mil 100 ba. Kifi na wannan nau'in kusan bai taɓa barin iyakar yankin ƙasa ba. Akwai lokuta yayin da aka sadu da haddock a cikin Tekun Yaren mutanen Norway a cikin zurfin zurfi, amma waɗannan samfuran sun cika matse kuma sun kusan kusan mutuwa.

Haddock na iya sha'awar cin sauran kifayen kifi.

Tushen abincin haddock shine benthos. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne na birni, misali, crustaceans, tsutsotsi, echinoderms da mollusks, da kuma ophiurs. Daidai da mahimmanci a cikin abincin haddock shine caviar da soya kifi. Tasirin haddock a Arewa da Barents Seas ya sha bamban. Don haka, haddock daga cikin Tekun Arewa yana cin hervi caviar, da haddock na Barents Sea - caviar da capelin soya.

A cikin Barents Sea, babban wurin da ciyar da haddock shine yanki kusa da Cape Kanin Nos, da kuma kusa da tsibirin Kolguyev da kuma a gabar ruwan Kola Peninsula.

Sake buguwa da ƙaura

Haddock ya kai lokacin balaga lokacin da ya kai shekaru 3-5. A wannan lokacin, tsawon jikin wannan kifin ya kai 40 cm, kuma nauyi - 1 kg. Abin lura ne cewa haddock da ke zaune a cikin Tekun Arewa yana haɓaka da sauri, har ya zuwa shekaru 2-3, kuma waɗanda ke zaune a Tekun Barents sun kasance da sauƙi - a shekaru 5-7 kawai, kuma a wasu yanayi har ma kawai a 8-10 shekaru. Spawning haddock yana wucewa daga watan Afrilu zuwa Yuni. Kifi na ƙaura zuwa cikin ƙasa, ƙaura yana farawa kusan watanni shida kafin farkon farawa. Hanya ta yau da kullun don ƙaura haddock ƙaura ita ce hanyar daga Barents Sea zuwa Yaren mutanen Norway, mafi dacewa zuwa tsibirin Lofoten.

Babban wuraren shakatawa na haddock:

• tsibirin Eurasi - tekun arewa maso yamma na Norway, gabar yamma da kudu ta Iceland, ruwan bakin tekun Ireland da Scotland, ruwa mai zurfin Lofoten,
• Arewacin Amurka - Yankin bakin tekun Amurka a yankin New England, gabar Kanada kusa da gabar Nova Scotia.

Matan Haddock suna da ikon ɗaukar ruwa daga ƙwai dubu ɗaya zuwa miliyan 1.8 don tsintsaye. Caviar wannan nau'in kifin yana da pelagic. Ruwan yanzu yana ɗaukar caviar, larvae, da haddock toya a wadataccen nesa mai nisa daga wuraren shakatawa. Matasa haddock soya da ƙananan yara suna zaune a cikin ruwa, wanda ke bambanta su da dangi na manya. Juveniles na iya ɓoyewa daga masu ɓoye a ƙarƙashin manyan gidajen jellyfish.

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, wannan kifin zai iya yin doguwar ƙaura don tsabtacewa da kitse. Mafi mahimmancin haddock ƙungiyoyi a cikin Tekun Barents. Yankin galibi galibi suna yin ƙaura zuwa wannan hanyar - tare da Nordkapp na yanzu daga arewacin Norway zuwa kudanci Tekun Barents da Yankin Irminger na yanzu daga Tekun Arewa zuwa arewacin Iceland.

Ma'ana da Amfani

Haddock yana da mahimmancin kasuwanci a cikin Barents da Tekun Arewa da kuma bakin tekun Arewacin Amurka. An kama kamun kifin ne da taimakon tarkuna, raga na kamun kifin, tarun raga na Danish da kuma jiragen ruwan trawler. Tsakanin kifin koli, haddock yana cikin wuri na uku cikin girma da ƙarfin kama. Gaban kwastominta da pollock. Kowace shekara, tan miliyan 0,5-0.75 na wannan kifaye ana kama su a cikin duniya.

Fishingimar kamun kifin haddock ta tilasta saka shi cikin littafin farko, tunda ana barazanar kifin tare da lalata shi gaba ɗaya.

Kama Haddock ya bambanta sosai tsawon shekaru. Dalilin wannan shine yanayin yawan haddock, wanda ke shafar sake sauya haddock a cikin teku. A karshen karni na karshe, kamawar masana'antar haddock ya ragu sosai a Arewacin Amurka, amma, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya fara karuwa kuma yana gab da matakin wanda yake daidai da 30s - 60s na karni na 20.

A cikin Soviet Union a cikin tsakiyar karni na karshe, ƙara girman haddock mined ya kasance wuri na biyu a tsakanin lambobin. Kwallaye kawai suka mamaye shi. Daga baya, sun fara ƙara yawan kama pollock, saboda abin da haddock ya koma wuri na uku. A yau wannan kifin yana ɗaukar wuri na 4 a tsakanin duk kifin da aka kama a cikin Rasha a cikin Barents Sea. Wuraren farko guda uku suna aiki ne da kwas, kwalin da kuma taya. Kuma a cikin kwalin, tana a wuri na biyu. A shekarar 2000, kamun haddock yakai tan 8502, sannan kwafin kwastom din yakai tan 23116 na kwalaye.