Babban Arctic Reserve - mafi girma a cikin yanki ba wai kawai a cikin Rasha ba, amma ko'ina cikin Eurasia. Akwai rukunoni bakwai anan: Dikson-Sibiryakovsky, “Tsibirin Tekun Kara”, Pyasinsky, “Middendorf Bay”, “Nordenskjöld Archipelago”, “Taimyr Lowerasa” da “Harshen Polar”. Lastarshe na ƙarshe, in ba haka ba ana kiran Chelyuskin Peninsula, yana da babbar hamada ta Arctic a duniya. Dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi a ƙarshen watan Agusta, kuma tana narke gaba ɗaya kawai a ƙarshen watan Yuni. A Cape Chelyuskin, dusar ƙanƙara tana da kusan kwanaki 300 a shekara. Shahararrun wuraren ajiyar abubuwa sune hanyoyin Medusa da Efremov. Manyan yankunan Arctic tundra sun mamaye su, kuma zuwa arewa - hamada Arctic, amma yanayi ya shafe komai ba kawai tare da farin fenti ba. A lokacin rani, algae da lichens suna canza tundra, kuma ya zama ja, rawaya, kore har ma baki.
Yankin da ba shi da kariya
The taimako na ajiye shi ne mafi yawa Mountaous, duk da haka, akwai kuma wurare a nan lebur - lebur, da rauni dissected saman na tsohon lake terraces. Mafi yawan ajiyar jujjuyawar an mamaye shi ne ta ƙasa mai tsayi da ƙasa mai tsayi tare da laushi.
Babban Filin Arctic Reserve ya ƙunshi rukunin tarin wurare guda bakwai: rukunin yanar gizon, dandalin tsibirin Kara Sea, dandalin Pyasinsky, Middendorff Bay, tsibirin Nordensköld, tsibirin Taimyr na Lower, Chelyuskin Peninsula, Reshen Makon Sakezemelsky, da Tsibirin Brekhov.
Matsayi mai tsayi na tazara shine ke haifar da gaskiyar cewa akwai rinjayen yanayi mai tsauri na Arctic tare da abubuwan mamakin ranar polar da dare. Babban yanki na ajiyar ajiyar yanki shine sashin yankin Arctic tundra, kuma yawancin sassan arewa suna cikin yankuna na yankuna Arctic. Permafrost (permafrost) yana yaɗu ko'ina cikin ajiyar. Gabaɗaya, gwargwadon ƙimar zazzabi a iska, Tsibirin Taimyr, a kan yankin da yankin ke kasancewa, yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren sanyi mafi sanyi a arewacin hemisphere. A kudu, matsakaicin matsakaicin iska na shekara-shekara shine digiri 10.5, kuma a gabar tekun arewa - digiri 14.1.
Snow yakan rufe tundra a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba, amma an kafa murfin dusar ƙanƙara a tsakiyar - ƙarshen Satumba. Cikakke mai narkewar dusar ƙanƙara yakan faru ne a ƙarshen Yuni - farkon Yuli.
Dabba da shuka duniya
A cikin wuraren ajiyewa, ana fahimtar wakilcin ciyawar babban latitude. Babban nau'in ciyayi na tundra shine mosses da lichens wanda ke jure yanayin mawuyacin halin Arctic. Suna cinikin tundra a launuka daban-daban, daga fari zuwa na baki. Zuwa arewa, lichens sun fi mamaye sauran tsirrai da basa iya bi duk matakan ci gaban su yayin ɗan gajeren bazara kuma basa yin fure a shekara. Arctic tsire-tsire suna da guntu, rassan su suna shimfiɗa ƙasa, kuma tushen tsarin yana girma a cikin hanyar kwance. Harshen Arctic a zahiri ba su da ciyawa: babu bushesun daji, lasisi da mosses basu da murfin ci gaba. Ana lissafta jimlar tsire-tsire a nan tare da fewan kashi kaɗan.
Verarfin yanayin yanayin Arctic North kuma yana shafar fauna na yankin, saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa dabbobin daji na ajiyar ba su da wadatar halitta, amma da yawa daga cikin wakilanta an jera su a cikin International Red Book, Red Book of Russia da kuma Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Duk dabbobi suna da haɗin kai ta ƙayyadaddun karbuwa ga rayuwa a cikin yanayin polar.
Dabbobin tsuntsaye na Babban Arctic Reserve sun hada da nau'ikan 124, wanda nau'ikan 55 ke dogara akan su. Sauran an haɗasu yayin ƙaura da balaguro; na nau'ikan 41, an san kwari. Halayen mazaunan tundra su ne farin mujiya da kuma tundra partridge, waɗanda ba su barin matsanancin Taimyr a cikin hunturu ba. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen kamar Siberian eider, fari da ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi kusan duk shekara ba su wuce iyakar Babbar Polar ba. Yayin da aka fara bazara, dubunnan garkunan farin geese, geese baki, da wasu dakaru na arewa da yawa sun isa yankin Arctic. Ajiyar ta ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan gulls.
Sauna daga dabbobi masu shayarwa yana da kusan iri 16. Daga cikinsu akwai reindeer, wolf, arctic fox, ermine, walrus, ox musk, polar bear. Masana ilimin halittu sun lura cewa haramcin farauta na polar bears ya haifar da karuwar lambobin sa. Dukkanin bear guda daya da bears tare da cubs ana samun su akai-akai a ƙauyuka da tashoshin polar.
Ichthyofauna na ajiyar kifi ya ninka nau'in kifi 29. Yawancinsu suna cikin iyalan kifin mashin Mafi yawan nau'ikan jinsin a cikin sabon ruwa na babban ajiyar sune arctic char, omul, muksun da ire-iren su, Siberian grayling. Yankin ruwan tekun yana wakiltar saiga, slingshot-slingshot, da polar flold. Ana samun Sturgeon Siberian, sterlet, nelma da Pike a kan yankin Tsibirin dabbobi na tsibirin Brekhov.
Mu'ujiza na halitta a cikin Arctic sanyi
Masu binciken yankin - Balaguro na Geungiyar Geographical ta Rasha, sun isa 1843 a bakin Tekun Arctic. Shugaban wannan balaguron, Alexander Middendorf, ya fara fadawa duniya labarin yankin, wanda daga baya zai zama Babban wurin ajiyar Arctic. Na dogon lokaci, mutane kima suka san game da sararin yankin, har izuwa lokacin da wata doka ta gwamnati ta kirkireshi a shekarar 1993 Babban Tashar Arctic. Yankin ajiyar yanki yana da girma sosai cewa da zarar ka isa can, zaka iya gani a wuri daya wurare da yawa na halitta - daji-tundra, tundra da Arctic Arctic.
Kogin Arctic ana iya jinsa kusa da Cape Chelyuskin da kuma tsibiran da ke nesa. Hamada kankara dusar kankara ta shimfida zuwa sararin sama. A cikin shekara guda, ba zai wuce mako biyu ba, lokacin da zazzabi anan zai iya tashi sama da sifili. A Tsibirin Tekun Kara da bakin teku, zaku fahimci menene Arctic tundra. Akwai tafkuna da koguna da yawa, kodayake yanayin yana da sauƙi, a cikin Satumba suna daskarewa har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni.
Duk da tsananin yanayin da yanayin gajere, zaka iya ganin tsirrai masu launuka iri-iri. Lemun tsami na lemun tsami, launin toka - reshe na fure na tsintsiya, ƙonewa - lasis na rawaya. Bayan da kuka ziyarci kudancin Taimyr, zaku sadu da mazaunan gandun daji-tundra: spruce, larch, ciyawa ko'ina ko'ina kore. Reserve yana da wadatattun abokai. Yayin fara kwanakin farko na bazara, ana rarraba waƙoƙin tsuntsaye ko'ina kuma suna jin daɗin kunne. Fiye da dozin dozin an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi. Mafi tsuntsayen tsuntsayen shine ɗan iska mai haɓaka.
Da yake Magana game da dabbobi masu shayarwa, a cikin ajiyar za ku iya ganin mai girma, mai shayarwa, tsoffin dabbobi. Unicorns na teku, belugas, narwhals, seals da walruses suna zaune a cikin teku. Babban mazaunin ajiyar kaya shine babban polar bear. Dabbar ba ta da iska kuma ba ta tsoron yanayin sanyi, ana iya ganinta sau da yawa don neman kifin ko ya sauka a kan kankara.
Lafiyayyen halittu a cikin ajiyar wuri mafi girma. Ba lallai ne ka zama ƙwararre ba don gwada ƙoƙarin ruwan, ko bincika zurfin teku, shiga cikin tsefe ko kuma kama kifi. Hakanan, an shirya hanyoyin zirga-zirga a cikin ajiyar kaya, tare da halartar ƙwararrun masaniyar ajiyar wurare, hanyoyin sun ratsa ƙauyukan Nenets, inda zaku iya fahimtar rayuwarsu da al'adunsu, kuma, hakika, sane da fulawa da falon yankin ban mamaki. Ziyarci wurin ajiyar abubuwa kuma shiga cikin yanayin daji na Arctic!
Icebergs na Babban Arctic Reserve
Icebergs - guntu na kankara kankara wanda yashafi cikin tekuna da tekun ana ganin yakamata a matsayin wata babbar mu'ujiza ce ta dabi'ar Halittar Arctic. Kusan 90% na yawan su na iya zama ƙarƙashin ruwa. Me yasa? Masanin kimiyyar Rasha Mikhail Lomonosov ne ya fara gano wannan tatsuniya. Ya nuna cewa yawan dusar kankara ya kasance kilogiram 920 / m², kuma ruwan ruwan shine 1025 kg / m². Akwai dusar kankara, wanda shekarunsu suka fi shekaru 1000 (suna da halayyar launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi). Bayan lokaci, siffar waɗannan giantsan wasan kankara suna canzawa, suna ɗaukar abubuwa da yawa da ba a yin amfani da su. A cikin ruwan Tekun Arctic, tsayin dusar kankara ba ta wuce m 25, tsawonsa ya kai 500. An kiyasta cewa kimanin dusar kankara 26,000 ne ke tsallake daga dusar kankara ta Arctic kawai a cikin shekara guda.
Rocks a cikin Babban Arctic Reserve Babban wuraren shimfidar wuri na halitta a cikin Babban Arctic Reserve sune wuraren shakatawa na Arctic tundra da Arctic Arctic
Janar bayani
- Cikakken suna: Babban Hanyar Halittar Kasa ta Arctic.
- IUCN Kashi: la (tsaftar yanayi).
- Kafa: Mayu 11, 1993
- Yankin: Yankin Krasnoyarsk, Gundumar Taimyr.
- Yankiyya: 4 169 222 ha.
- Taimako: dutse.
- Yanayi: arctic.
- Yanar gizon hukuma: http://www.bigarctic.ru/.
- E-mail: [email protected].
Tarihin halitta
Kwanan nan, ɗan adam yana daɗa damuwa game da matsalolin narkewar kankara da canjin yanayi a lean Arewa. Haka kuma, da yawa matakai da ake faruwa a cikin yanayi za a iya fahimta kawai ta hanyar nazarin Arewa sosai. Arctic a matsayin ɗayan mahimmin yankuna na duniya bawai wani abu bane mai mahimmanci na bincike. Raukan halitta, flora da fauna, wurare masu nisa na thean Arewa - duk wannan yana buƙatar kariya.
Manufar ƙirƙirar wurin ajiye kayan Arctic an haife shi anan, tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara da kankara, kuma ba cikin ofisoshin cibiyoyin jihohi ba. A cikin 1989, an shirya babban balaguron Rasha-Jamusanci a Yankin Arewa, sakamakon wanda likitan ilimin kimiyyar halittu, farfesa Evgenie Evgenievich Syroechkovsky da abokan aikin sa suka kirkiro dalilan kirkirar kirkirar kirkirar Arctic. Fiye da shekaru 10 na babban aikin shiri.
Sakamakon haka, Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha ta sanya ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1993 Lambar 431 "A Tsarin Tsarin Babban Arctic Arctic State Nature Reserve." Sakamakon binciken farko ya tattara rahoton shafuka 1,000. Wannan babban littafi ne! Yanzu muna shirin fitar da wani abu a kan Babban Arctic Reserve. Abunda ya ƙunshi ya ƙunshi tanadi biyu na yanayi: Islandsrozemelsky da Brekhov Islands.
Kayan lambu duniya
A cikin fure na babban Arctic Reserve, an gano nau'ikan 162 na tsire-tsire na jijiyoyin jini, 89 - mosses, 15 - fungi da 70 - lichens.
Polog poppy, wanda ya fi son filayen dutse, fure-fure kusan kai tsaye bayan murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya narke.
A tsakanin tsirrai, mafi yawan nau'in itace shine 'willow' (Salixpolaris). Matsakaicin matsakaitan rassa shine cm 3-5 A Arewa, ana yin shayi daga ganyen wannan tsiron.
Daga cikin lichens, gandun daji da barewa (Cladina arbuscula da C. rangiferina), Icelandic cetraria (Cetraria Islandica) galibi ana samun su. Wani abin sha'awa shine Coriscium kore (Coriscium viride). Kuna tsammanin furanni na gaske suna girma a cikin tundra arctic? Haka ne! Daga cikin su akwai novosversion glacial, ko arctic fure (Novosieversia glacialis), armeria teku (Armeria maritima), poppy-dimbin yawa poppy (Papaverpulvinatum) da poctic arctic (Papaver radicatum). Furanni na Arewa - mu'ujiza ce ta gaske! A cikin Arctic, da yawa daga cikinsu, gami da polar poppy, suna shirye don fure tun daga faɗuwar. Furen fure ya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙan da ke dogara da kare shi daga tsananin sanyi.
Duniyar dabbobi
Babbar Arctic Reserve gida ne na halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa 18, 14 daga cikinsu dabbobi masu ruwa ne, 12 nau'ikan tsuntsaye 124 ne, 55 daga cikinsu suna da mazauni, da kuma nau'ikan kifi 29.
Lararancin polar (Ursus maritimus) - alama ce ta mulkin hunturu har abada. A yau, waɗannan manyan dabbobi masu ƙarfi sun zama marasa ƙarfi da haɗari. An jera su a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha. Abin sha'awa, a karkashin farin Jawo daga dabbobi suna ɓoye launin duhu, kusan baki fata. Amma hanci da harshensu kawai suke ba da asirinsu.
Manyan bers na gashi suna zama a ciki. Lokacin da aka tsare shi a wuraren kiwon dabbobi, a cikin wani yanayi mai dumin yanayi, bears na iya jujjuya launin rawaya, ko da greenish. Gaskiyar ita ce algae microscopic ya zauna a cikin ulu mara nauyi. Yanayi ya kula da halittunsa sosai, yana kare su daga daskarewa: thearfin beyar an rufe shi da ulu, saboda haka ba sanyi ko da a lokacin tsananin sanyi.
Polar bumblebee pollinates mafi yawan tsire-tsire na fure na Babban Arctic Reserve
Siberian da ungulate lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus da Dicrostonyx torquatus) suna yaɗu a nan. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin gida ne na vole, waɗanda sune babban abincin masu farauta kamar su dawakai masu launin shuɗi (Alopex lagopus).
A bangaren ajiyar kaya, Lapland plantain (Calcarius lapponicus), dunlin (Calidris alpina), farin goge-goge (Anser albifrons), sandpiper teku (Calitris maritime), farin gull (Pagophila eburnea) da sauran nau'in halittar tsuntsaye a cikin ajiyar. Farin farin shine kawai wakilin irin nasa. Yana zaune ne kawai a cikin Arctic Circle. Iyayen biyu suna sanya ƙwai a gulls, kuma bayan wata guda wani kuzari mai ban mamaki (ko da yawa) ya bayyana, wanda ke da kariya daga sanyi ta hanyar ɗumbin ruwan da ke ɗumama. Yayinda ba a jera farin farin teku a cikin Littafin Red na Rasha ba, duk da haka, lambobin su ƙanana ne.
Abin mamaki, kwari suna zaune a Arctic. Ofayansu shine uman murhun leda (Bombus polaris), wanda ke lalata mafi yawan tsire-tsire na fure, gami da willow da polar polar, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama.
Yanayin Reserve
Filin buɗe wa jama'a ne, amma ana buƙatar izini daga gudanarwar don wannan. Dukkanin bayanai ana iya samunsu ta waya ko ta imel. Hanyar ajiyar abubuwa ta haɓaka hanyoyi da yawa masu mahimmancin yanayin tsirrai. Misali, kamun kifi da binciken yawon shakatawa "Kifi a gefen duniya" da "Hutuda-Biga - kogi mai wadatar rayuwa." Ba a da nisa da ƙauyen Dixon yana cikin jerin gwanon halittu na Willem Barents, waɗanda ma'aikatansu ke gudanar da yawon buɗe ido a kai a kai - Birdwatching. Akwai kuma yawon shakatawa mai ban sha'awa "Taimyr Maze". Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a shafin yanar gizon hukuma na ajiyar.
Inda zan tsaya
Akwai Otel-otel da yawa a cikin Dudinka: “Lights na Arewa” (Matrosova St., 14, tel: 8- (39191) 3-30-79, 3-30-73), “Yenisei Lights”, (Sovetskaya St., 41, tel.: 8- (39191) 5-19-53, 3-18-01, 5-14-32). Kuna iya zama a otal a ƙarƙashin ikon ƙauyen Karaul ko otal a cibiyar kasuwanci a Khatanga.