Na san wasu Kiristocin da suke da matukar damuwa (kuma an yi su da kyau) tare da babban tasirin juyin halitta na kafofin watsa labarai wadanda basu da addinin Krista cewa sun nisanta kansu daga labarai ko kuma basu da sha'awar su.
Kuma ko da yake lalle ko shakka babu na goyi bayan sha'awar Kirista na gaskiya don mayar da hankali kan gaskiyar cewa "kawai gaskiya ne, ... wannan adalci ne, ... wannan tsarkakakke ne, mai alheri ..." (Filibiyawa 4: 8), yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa ba duk abin da aka ruwaito ba ne kafofin watsa labarai na zamani karya ne. Wasu daga cikin bayanan da aka bayar ba gaskiya bane kawai, har ma dabarun amfani da kayan aiki a hannun muminai a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Kiristoci. Kawai kawai zaka iya samun damar gano gaskiya daga “sake zagayowar” juyin musantawar littafi mai tsarki, wanda aka gina akan ra'ayin miliyoyin shekaru, wanda yawancin yan jaridar zamani da yan jaridu na zamani suke tawaye. Dole ne in yarda cewa wannan yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari da aiki a ɓangaren mai bi tare da kwatanta da sauƙi na rashin tunani. Zai zama da taimako sosai (Ibraniyawa 5:14) idan Kiristoci suna da ikon yi a rayuwar su ta zamani kamar yadda Bulus da Sila suka yi a Biriya (Ayukan Manzanni 17:11). Wannan zai ba wa Kiristocin damar zubar da datti kuma su zaɓi waɗancan “duwatsu masu tamani” waɗanda za su taimaka lalata tunanin juyin halitta (2 Korantiyawa 10: 5) da kuma shelar gaskiyar maganar Allah.
Babban misali game da wannan halin shine kanun labarai a kwanan nan a cikin jaridar "An ጥንታዊ Latimeria Cayed in Indonesia." 1 Shekaru nawa? Labarin ya ce hakan coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) “wani jinsi ne da aka taba ganin ya shuɗe, kamar dinosaur”, wato kafin “an yi imanin cewa sun ƙare shekaru miliyan 65 da suka gabata, har sai da aka gano ɗayansu a bakin Tekun Afirka a 1938."
Binciken 1938 ya "haifar da sha'awa mai yawa a cikin duniya," amma binciken da Indonesian ta kwanan nan game da "burbushin halittu mai rai" (kamar yadda aka fada a labarin) ya haifar da ƙarancin sha'awa, tunda masunta wanda ya kama wannan coelacanth, ta sanya shi a cikin tafkin, inda ta zauna awanni 17. A cewar wani masanin ilmin ruwan teku na cikin gida, "wannan wani lokaci ne da za'a iya rayuwa don irin wannan kifayen teku." A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an kama sauran coelacanth, gami da samfuran da muka bayyana, waɗanda aka kama a kusa da tsibirin Sulawesi na arewacin a 1998, amma lokacin (awanni 17) lokacin da wannan coelacanth ya rayu har tsawon lokacin da sauran samfuran ke rayuwa. wannan kifin ya kama shi kafin hakan.
Raba gaskiya daga almara
Yanzu bari mu raba shaidun idoake magana a kai a cikin labarin daga labarin juyin halittawannan yana gudana cikin labarin gaba ɗaya.
Asusun shaidar gani:
Wani masunta ya kama kifi a Indonesia. Kifi, coelacanth, wanda kawai sanannun samfuran gwaji ne, an daɗe ana zaton shi ƙarewa. Amma a shekara ta 1938, an gano coelacanth kusa da gaɓar Tekun Afirka, wanda ke nuna cewa wannan nau'in bai ƙare ba kuma daga wannan lokacin ne aka kama sauran samfuran wannan kifin. Findarshe na ƙarshe na kifayen coelacanth a cikin ruwan Indonesiya, wanda ya kasance yana rayuwa har tsawon awanni 17, bayan an kawo shi saman - bayanan da aka rubuta.
Juyin Juyin Halitta:
Coelacanth wani nau'in kifi ne "da daɗewa" wanda ya ɓace daga burbushin halittu shekaru miliyan 65 da suka gabata, tare da dinosaur. A wannan lokacin, ana zaton sun lalace, amma gano rayayyun coelacanth yana nuna cewa “burbushin rayuwa” ne.
Bayan mun rabu da labarin juyin halitta, ta yaya gaskiyar abin da shaidun gani da ido suka fada a wannan labarin za su iya zama “da ma'amala mai mahimmanci” ga masu bi cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Krista?
Amfani da gaskiya don lalata almara
Idan muka yi wa’azi ga waɗanda ba su yarda da cewa juyin halitta ya bayyana asalinmu ba, za mu iya amfani da wannan labarai don nuna musu cewa ra’ayoyin juyin halitta game da miliyoyin shekaru kawai ba su dace da tabbataccen shaidar ba kuma sun bambanta sosai da kwatancin littafi mai tsarki na tarihi.
Masana juyin halitta, an adana lamuran dutsen da ke dauke da burbushin halittu na miliyoyin shekaru, saboda haka, idan halittu irin su coelacanth, ba ya nan A cikin manyan lakarorin da ke kan dutse (wanda a cewar masanan, “shekaru miliyan 65 da suka shude”), sun yi imanin cewa wannan yana nuna cewa coelacanth ya ƙare. Saboda haka, labarai irin su wannan, wanda aka haɗa hoton masunta a cikin ruwan tare da shi rayuwa, kawai kama coelacanth kalubalanci fassarar juyin halitta game da "tarihin rikodin."
Saboda haka, lokacin da kuka yi wa'azi ga marasa bada gaskiya, zaku iya nuna musu wani ɗan masanin da har yanzu yake riƙe da abin kama a hannunsa, kuma wataƙila ya faɗi haka: “Kifi, waɗanda masanan suka ɗauka cewa sun shuɗe fiye da shekaru miliyan 65, ba sabon abu bane! "
Sa’annan zaku iya lura cewa Littafi Mai-Tsarki ya bayyana wani abin da ya faru wanda ke taimaka fahimta me yasa mun gano burbushin da yawa da aka kiyaye, kamar su coelacanth, a duk duniya - wato taron ambaliyar duniya. Yawan burbushin halittu sun nuna cewa sun kasance da sauri an binne su a ƙarƙashin kwarkwata ruwa, wanda ya hana lalacewar su da kuma bayyanar dabbar dabbobi - sabili da haka an kiyaye su sosai. Don haka, “tarihin rikodin” sakamakon Ruwan Tufana ne na duniya wanda ya faru shekaru 4,500 da suka gabata (da sakamakon sa), kuma yana nunawa jerin binnewa yayin wannan taron, amma ba haka ba jerin juyin halitta ("fitowar") da halaka ("halaka") sama da miliyoyin ko biliyoyin shekaru.
Don haka, lokacin da aka sami halittu irin su coelacanth da rai kuma ana kiyaye su, ga Kiristocin da suka yi imani da Littafi Mai-Tsarki tun daga farkon ayar, wannan ba abin mamaki bane. Amma ga masana juyin halitta, gano “burbushin halittu mai rai” yawanci bawai wani abun bane abin mamaki bane (kamar me yasa juyin halitta baya faruwa shekaru miliyan 65?), amma zai iya karkatar da tsarin ra'ayin juyin halitta wanda ya gabata.
Misali, da zarar masanan sunyi da'awar cewa amphibians sun samo asali ne daga kifi mai rarrafe, wanda yayi kama da coelacanth. Sun yi bayanin cewa waɗannan kifayen sun yi amfani da kawunansu mai tsalle-tsalle don tafiya gefen tekun kafin su isa ƙasa. Yayinda coelacanth ya “kare”, irin wannan tunanin bashi yiwuwa ya tabo. Amma tare da gano rayayyiyar coelacanth a cikin 1938 da kuma lura da su, an gano cewa an yi amfani da qashin hanun ne ba don motsi ba, amma don motsawa cikin fasaha lokacin iyo. Bugu da kari, ya zama cewa sassanta masu laushi duka daya ne kamar na kifi, kuma ba a tsakiya ba. Yanzu kuma an san cewa coelacanth yana da halaye na musamman. Tana haihuwar 'ya'yanta bayan kusan shekara guda na ciki, tana da ƙaramin wutsiya ta biyu, wacce ke taimaka wa iyo, da baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ke ɗaukar alamun lantarki. Duk wannan, tabbas, tabbaci ne cewa ƙirar wannan halitta ta haɓaka. Don haka, gano rayayyen coelacanth ya kasance mai muni ga ra'ayin cewa wannan kifin “wani tsaka-tsakin tsari” ne wanda daga sahihanci (kuma dabbobi da tsuntsayen duniya). Na biyu
Sakamakon haka, coelacanth wata 'yar' ƙarami 'ce mai ban sha'awa wacce ita ce kayan aiki don bayar da shaida ga mutane, kuma irin waɗannan "tsoffin" da "burbushin rayuwa", wanda kafofin watsa labarai ke jawo hankalin mutane koyaushe, suna ba Kiristocin da ke da ƙarfin yin amfani da "labaran yau" a yada bishara. (Duba wasu labaran akan coelacanth, gami da: Burbushin rayayyun halittu sun sake bayyana, Morearin rayayyiyar coelacanth, Kifin Dinosaur yana mutuwa, Tasirin Li'azaru - mujallar Halitta 29(2) :52–55, 2007.)
Tabbas, yana da kyau a kasance a shirye don tambayoyi masu tasowa, kamar tambaya a bayyane take da ta danganci labarin da ya gabata: “Amma yaya game da dinosaur? Idan dinosaur ba su shafe shekaru miliyan 65 ba, ina suke a yau? ”
Don amsa wannan tambaya, zaku iya kula da masu zuwa:
- Akwai raye-raye da ci gaba ta zamani “kallo” na halittun da ba a san su ba wanda ya yi kama da irin dabbobin dabbobi da masana kimiyya suka kirkira dangane da burbushin halittu. Duba, alal misali, rayuwar dinosaur ?, dinosaur da ke rayuwa a Afirka?, Mokele Mbemba: dinosaur mai rai?
- A tarihin dan kadan, ana iya samun rubutattun bayanai da kwatancin “dodanni" da sauran halittu masu kama da ruwa. Duba, alal misali, bishop na Bell na farin ƙarfe, Dinosaurs da dodon - a cikin ƙafafun almara, Dragons: dabbobi ... ba wahayi ba, mahalli na Australiya ... Shin sun ga dinosaur? Lissafi Kawa: Bayan ambaliyar .
- Gano "sabo" nama na dinosaurs, wanda ba zai iya zama miliyoyin shekaru ba. Duba, alal misali, an gano ƙwayoyin tsoka na Dinosaur, Gano abin mamaki na jinin dinosaur !, Duk da haka yana da taushi kuma na roba, binciken Schweitzer mai haɗari.
Lokacin da kuka faɗi waɗannan abubuwan ga sauran mutane, ku shirya don haɗuwa da rashin aminci, saboda zai iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kafin su sami rawar jiki daga abin da suka ji na farko, kuma suna iya tambayar ku tambaya da ta fito daga tsarin juyin halitta. game da manufofi: "Amma idan dinosaurs da mutane suka rayu a lokaci guda, yakamata mu gano burbushinsu tare?"
Don haka ta yaya za mu amsa wannan tambayar (1 Bitrus 3:15)? A yanayin kamar wannan, wani lokacin yana da daidai tambaya ga mai tambayar ku, tambaya da ke nuna wacce ba zato ba tsammani ta asali tambaya ce, misali: "Coelacanth da kifayen sun rayu a lokaci guda, amma me yasa bamu gano burbushinsu ba?" 3
Ta haka ne, za ku taimaki mai tattaunawar ku yi tunani da kanku kuma ku sake tuno masa da abin da kuka taɓa fada masa game da ambaliyar Ruwa ta Duniya, kuma wanene ya san iya tattaunawar ku? Idan wasu tambayoyi sun tashi yayin tattaunawar, to anan zaka iya samun kayan aiki da yawa wadanda zasu taimaka maka amsoshi. Kuma kada ku karaya idan abokin aikin ku bai canza tunanin sa ba bayan ya tattauna da ku - a qarshe, duk wanda yake “yin aiki ga Ubangiji baya aiki a banza” (1Korantiyawa 15:58). Kuma wannan yana sa mu ci gaba da yin magana game da hikimar Allah a cikin banbanci da ƙiyayya.
"Kuma mai hankali zai haskaka kamar fitilu a cikin sararin, kuma waɗanda suka juya mutane da yawa zuwa gaskiya - kamar taurari, har abada, har abada." (Daniyel 12: 3)
Tunani:
- Kifi na coelacanth da aka kama a Indonesia, Amurka A Yau, href: //www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveries/2007-05-21-coelacanth-indonesia_N.htm, acc. 25 ga Yuni, 2007. Komawa rubutu.
- U. Rush, U., "Burbushin Rayuwa" aka kwace daga kursiyin, Kimiyya277: 1436, Satumba 5, 1997. Komawa rubutu.
- Dr. Carl Wieland yayi magana game da wannan dalla-dalla a cikin muhawararsa ta kwanan baya tare da masanan, wanda akan samu akan DVD. Don ƙarin taƙaitaccen mahawara ta kan layi, gani Rikici kan batun asalin.Komawa rubutu.
1. Hoto na matattarar coelacanth wanda Dr. Joachim Scheven, LEBENDIGE VORWELT Museum, 2. Hoto na coelacanth mai rai akan Wikipedia.org
Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) kawai sananne ne kawai ta hanyar samar da burbushin halittu (duba samfurin da aka adana a hoto na sama), kuma, a cewar masanan, ya mutu ne shekaru miliyan 65 da suka gabata. Amma masanan sun yi mamakin lokacin da coelacanth mai rai ya fada cikin sahun kamun kifin a bakin tekun Madagascar a 1938. (Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna Marjorie Courtney-Latimer, wanda ya buga kararrawa a cikin ƙungiyar kimiyya saboda wannan gano coelacanth a 1938.) Tun daga 1938, an kama sauran coelacanth, ba kawai a bakin Afirka da Madagascar ba, har ma a cikin ruwan Indonesiya . Lokacin da labarai suka bayyana tare da sakonni game da latimeria na gaba da aka kama, wannan dama ce mai kyau ga Kiristoci don amfani da wannan labarin don shaidawa mutane, kuma wataƙila tambayar da ke gaba: "Wataƙila juyin halitta bai taɓa faruwa ba a lokacin (lokacin)?"
Juyin Halitta
Coelacanth ya kasance ga hanyar coelacanth, galibi ana kiranta coelacanth. An dauki dogon lokaci, ana tsammanin coelacanth ya kasance kusan canzawa tsakanin shekaru miliyan 400. Koyaya, binciken zamani ya nuna cewa babu maɗaukakin yanayin halittar jiki ko jinkirta juyin halittar yanayin halayyar wannan rukuni. Coelacanth ya kasance a cikin kungiyar Actinistia, yayin yawancin tarihin juyin halitta da yake zaune yawancinsu tekuna. Dangane da dangi na kusa da coelacanth, sabo-ruwa mai-kama-ruwa daga rukunin Rhipidistia, ko tetrapodomorphs, sun zama magabatan dukkan tsararrun hanyoyin ƙasa (bivalves na zamani ma sun kasance cikin wannan rukunin, nazarin ilimin halittar mutane sun nuna cewa tetrapods na zamani sun kusanci da bivalves, kuma ba coelacanth).
Wakilai na coelacanthous tsari sun bambanta tsarin tsararrun jikin mutum, wanda yawancinsu maganadisun tsari ne na wannan tsari. Misali, maimakon ingantacciyar halayen kashin akasarin akasarin matsakalar matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaitan ƙwayar cuta, coelacanth yana da bututu mai fiɗa mai walƙiya, wanda yake nesa da ƙabilar magabatansu kamar yadda kashin baya na sauran hanyoyin rayuwa, amma haɓakar wannan tsarin ya faru ta wata fuskar daban. Madadin daskararren kwanyar, coelacanth suna da takamaiman akwati wanda ke kunshe da bangarori biyu waɗanda ke tattare da su (kamar sauran kifin da aka ƙoshi) tare da haɗin gwiwa na ciki wanda aka ƙarfafa tare da tsoka mai mahimmanci. Coelacanth sune kawai dabbobin zamani da ke da irin wannan tsarin kwanyar. Haɗin cikin mahaifa, tare da sauran keɓaɓɓun juzu'i na jujjuya kai a kai, takamaiman gabobin rostral, da wani tsarin lantarki wanda ya haɗa da tashoshi na tashoshi, gami da murƙushe faranti, samar da tsari na "ɗaukar" abinci da kuma bayyana irin wannan sifa ta halayyar coelacanth kamar rataye sama, wanda na farkon binciken masanin kimiyyar halittar dabbobi Hans Fricke.
Nazarin kwayoyin halitta sun nuna cewa coelacanth suna da kusanci sosai da tetrapods (Tetrapoda) fiye da kifin da aka kammala.
Labarin Gano
Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, ana zaton coelacanth ya lalace shekaru miliyan 65 da suka gabata. An samo coelacanth na farko a cikin Disamba 1938, Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer (1907-2004), mai ba da kayan tarihin gidan kayan tarihi a cikin gabashin London (Afirka ta Kudu). Ta bincika kifin da masunta suka kama kusa da bakin Kogin Chalumna, kuma ta jawo hankali ga irin wannan kifin da ba a san shi ba wanda ya kawo a gidan kayan gargajiya, saboda ba zai iya tantance jinsinsa ba. Ba a sami kifin a cikin kowane mai ƙaddara ba, Courtenay-Latimer yayi ƙoƙarin tuntuɓar farfesa a ilimin kimiyyar ichthyology James Smith, amma duk ƙoƙarin bai yi nasara ba. Rashin adana kifin, Marjorie ya mika wa mai kula da harajin don yin tsoratarwar. Lokacin da Farfesa Smith ya dawo gidan kayan gargajiya, nan da nan ya gane wakilin coelacanth, sananne ne daga burbushin halittu, a matsayin fitaccen mai aiki, kuma a cikin Maris 1939 ya buga bayanin gano, yana ba ta suna Latin Latimeria chalumnae don girmama Marjorie Latimer da wurin ganowa (Kogin Chalumna). Hakanan, Farfesa Smith ya bayyana wannan kifin a matsayin "burbushin rayuwa", wanda daga baya aka sami karbuwa sosai. Mazauna karkara sun kira ta "konbo."
Bayan gano farkon coelacanth a 1938, samfurin na biyu an kama shi kawai a 1952, alhali bashi da cin gaban gaba. James Smith da farko ya bayyana shi a matsayin Malania anjouanae. Daga baya, bincike mai zurfi na samfurin ya nuna cewa ƙwaƙwalwar jikinta a cikin komai banda wannan fin ɗin daidai yake da na farkon samfurin. An kuma sanya wannan kifin Latimeria chalumnae.
Wani nau'in na biyu na wannan halittar an gano shi a cikin ruwa kusa da birnin Manado, wanda ke bakin gabar arewacin tsibirin Sulawesi, ranar 18 ga Satumban 1997 Mark Markdd, masanin ilmin halitta daga Kalifoniya, wanda ya kwana da amaryar sa a can tare da matarsa. Dangane da wurin (garin Manado), an sanya wa halittar suna Latimeria menadoensis . Na biyu kwafi ya kama a cikin wannan yanki a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1998.
A 2006, wannan nau'in Indonesiya an san shi ne kawai a cikin samfurori huɗu: waɗanda kifayen kifaye biyu suka kama ba zato ba tsammani (Markus ya fara ɗayansu a kasuwar kifi), kuma an ga wasu biyu a ƙarƙashin ruwa daga ɗakin wanka. Dukkanin hotunan hoto na Indonesia na coelacanth na Indonesia wanda Mark Erdman ya ɗauka, waɗannan hotunan hotunan kifi ɗaya ne wanda masanin masunta ya kama ya sake shi cikin ruwa yayin da yake da rai.
Wani masunta ya kama samfurin na biyar na irin wannan nau'in a kusa da garin Manado a cikin Mayu 2007 kuma ya rayu awanni 17 a sashin da ke cike da tarin teku. Wannan rikodin ne, tunda an yi imanin cewa waɗannan kifayen za su iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa ba har sama da sa'o'i biyu.
A halin yanzu, akwai iyali guda Latimeriidae tare da asalin halitta guda ɗaya Latimeriadauke da nau'ikan 2: Latimeria chalumnae (Comela cocincanth na Comoriya) da Latimeria menadoensis (Indonesian coelacanth). Dangane da binciken kwayoyin, wadannan jinsunan sun rabu miliyan 30-40 da suka gabata. Kusan babu bayani game da ilmin halitta na coelacanth na kasar Indonesiya. Kusan dukkanin bayanan da aka ambata a cikin wallafe-wallafen sun danganta da Comelacanth na Comorian. Amma bambance-bambance tsakanin jinsuna kadan ne. An dogara dashi an tabbatar da cewa coelacanth na kasar Indonesia wata halitta ce daban, tayi nasara ne kawai bayan binciken kwayoyin.
A yayin bincike na kimiyya, ana samun mafi yawan coelacanth a gefen iyakar Afirka ta Kudu da Mozambique a zurfin nisan mita ɗari.
Bayyanar
Canza launi L. chalumnae mai launin toka-mai launin toka tare da manyan launin toka-fari da ke zaune a cikin jikin, kai, da gabobin jijiyoyin wuya. Tsarin da fararen tabo keɓaɓɓu ne ga kowane kifin, wanda ake amfani dashi don ganewa yayin lura da ruwa.
Haske mai haske akan jikin yayi kama da kifayen da ke zaune a bangon kogon da coelacanth suke rayuwa. Irin waɗannan llsarfanaren halayyar halayyar wuri ne da yanayin da kifayen ke zaune a ciki, saboda haka wannan launi yana samar da ɗaukar hoto a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka dace. Mutuwar coelacanth mai mutuwa a Comorocanth tana canza launi daga launin shuɗi zuwa launin ruwan kasa, kuma kowane mutum daga cikin jinsunan Indonesiyan launin ruwan kasa mai launin fata duk tsawon rayuwa tare da sheren gwal mai haske akan wuraren haske.
Mace na nau'ikan biyu sun girma cikin tsayi zuwa kimanin cm cm 190, maza har zuwa 150 cm, wanda ke nauyin kilogram 50 --90, tsawon jariri coelacanth shine 35-40 cm.
Siffofin Anatomi
Tsarin kwarangwal din coelacanth, coelacanth na zamani, yana cikin hanyoyi da yawa kama da kwarangwalwar magabatansu, waɗanda suka rayu shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata. Nazarin coelacanth ya nuna cewa suna da kamanninsu da yawa tare da kifin gwanda. An fasalta waɗannan fasallolin a matsayin “alamun farkon tsinkayen gabbai,” amma, tare da su, coelacanth suma suna da alamu na musamman akan tsarin. Mafi kyawun halayen coelacanth shine kasancewar ƙeƙasassun ƙyallen fata. Duk da cewa wadannan ƙurar tana da alaƙa da yawa na abubuwa tare da ƙoshin kifin mai kifaye biyu da wasu kifayen da ba su da yawa, babu wani gungun kifayen da ya haɗu da ƙyallin bakwai na wannan tsarin yanzu yanzu. Supportedarfin haɗin coelacanth yana da goyan baya daga bel, waɗanda suke kama da sifofin waɗanda sune farkon abubuwan kafaɗun kafada da ƙashin ƙugu na tetrapods na ƙasa. Sashin kasusuwa na coelacanth ya samo asali daban daban daga sauran hanyoyin ratsa jiki, koda tare da noochord. Maimakon inganta vertebrae, notochord na coelacanth zamani ya canza zuwa cikin bututu mai kusan 4 cm a diamita, cike da ruwa mai tsafta. An rarraba neurocranium (kwanyar kwakwalwa) na coelacanth ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta ciki zuwa gaban da baya, kuma wannan yana ba da damar kifayen buɗe bakinsu ba kawai ta hanyar rage ƙananan muƙamuƙin ba, har ma da haɓaka babba. Wannan yana ƙara haɓakar buɗewar bakin, kuma, yana ƙaruwa da yawa na motsi, yana ba da haɓakar haɓaka. Coelacanth na manya suna da ƙananan kwakwalwa, wanda ya mamaye kawai 1.5% na yawan murfin murfin. Wannan halayyar ta zama ruwan dare gama gari da yawancin manyan yankuna masu zurfin teku da ganga shida na gill. Hadaddiyar halittar epiphyseal, wacce ke samar da daukar hoto a cikin hanyoyi masu yawa, ana samun ci gaba sosai a coelacanth idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran kifayen, kodayake yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ƙasushin kwanyar (yawancin burbushin dabbobin da ke da burushi na da buɗewa ta musamman a cikin kwanyar). Wannan sashin da ke jikinta yana dauke da ingantattun sel masu daukar hoto. Ba kamar yawancin kifayen kasusuwa ba, a cikin coelacanth, asymmetry na tsarin kwakwalwa wanda yake da alaƙa iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda yake a cikin amphibians
Coelacanth bashi da papilla na basal a cikin kunnuwan ciki, duk da haka, kwarewar membrane dangane da tsari, wuri da ciki yana kama da na tetrapodal na basal. Masu bincike sunyi la’akari da gabobin da ke jikin kai da wayoyin junan su na wannan kifin, tare da ginin rostral, a matsayin hanyar gano ganima. Tsarin narkewa na coelacanth yana da alaƙa da kasancewar wani ɓaɓɓaccen bawul tare da keɓaɓɓe, matuƙar elongated, kusan layi ɗaya na cones cones a cikin hanji. Karkarar bawul alama ce ta sifa ta sifofin maxillary, ana haɓaka shi sosai a cikin kifin na zamani kuma ana maye gurbin shi ta tsawan hanjin cikin kifin ƙanƙan da tetrapods. Zuciyar coelacanth tana da tsawo, tsarinta yayi kama da na wasu kifayen, kuma tana da rikitarwa fiye da bututun S-Sifik, wanda shine farkon farkon azuzuwan kifin. Dangane da bayanan da aka buga a shekarar 1994, Latimeria chalumnae, wanda aka kama a 1991 kusa da Gahai (tsibirin Grand Comor), yana da ƙwayoyin cuta guda 48. Irin wannan karyotype (chromosome set) ya bambanta sosai da karyotype na kifi mai numfashi, amma yana da alaƙa da karyotype 46-chromosome Ascaphus gaskiya . Hadadden bututun canal, wadanda kawai aka sani ne cikin burbushin jawless wasu kuma, burbushin kifi, L. chalumnae ya wanzu tare da rami wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama kifi na zamani, yana haifar da layi ɗaya.
Idanun Latimeria suna da girma sosai kuma tsarinsu yana ba da gudummawa ga tsinkayen haske a cikin ƙananan haske. Matsakaicin matakan da aka ɗaure igiyoyi an sanya shi zuwa gajeriyar igiyar-zangon bakan-gizo, kuma ido yana ɗaukar akasarin ɓangaren shuɗi.
Bambanci tsakanin coelacanth da coelacanth
Coelacanth ana kiransa coelacanth sau da yawa. Amma ainihin coelacanth ya lalace shekaru miliyan 145 da suka shude, kuma coelacanth ɗin har yanzu suna raye. Idan aka kwatanta da coelacanth, coelacanth sunada kadan kuma sunada shugabanni masu tsawo. Sun girma zuwa kusan 90 cm insan ƙananan ƙusoshin suna nuna cewa coelacanth ya kasance ƙwaƙƙaran ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.
Yankin
Har zuwa 1997, kudu maso yamma ne kawai a tekun Indiya (tare da cibiyar a kan Comoros) an dauki yankin rarraba latimeria, amma bayan gano nau'in na biyu (L. menadoensis) ya juya cewa kewayon kwayan halittar ya tsage tare da tazara tsakanin sassa na kusan kilomita 10,000 (duba taswira). Mahimmancin, wanda aka kama kusa da bakin Kogin Chalumna a 1938, daga baya an bayyana shi a matsayin mai raba gari daga yawan jama'ar Comori, daga tsibirin Grand Comor ko Anjouan. Abubuwan da aka kama a yankin Malindi (Kenya) da kasancewar ɗumbin dindindin a Sodwan Bay (Afirka ta Kudu) sun haɓaka kewayon Comorian coelacanth a gefen gabar Afirka ta Kudu. Asalin coelacanth da aka kama a gabar gabar teku na Mozambique da kudu maso yammacin Madagascar daga yawan jama'ar Comor ya kasance an tabbatar da dogaro.
Habitat
Coelacanth kifin teku ne na ruwa wanda ke zaune a gabar ruwa a zurfin kusan mil 100. Fi son wuraren da ke da tsaunuka biyu da kuma adibas na yashi. Hemoglobin L. chalumnae mafi yawan daurewa zuwa oxygen a zazzabi na 16-18 ° C. Wannan zazzabi yayi daidai da nisan mita 100-300 a yawancin wuraren da coelacanth ke zaune. Ba a sami isasshen abinci a waɗannan zurfin, kuma coelacanth yakan motsa da daddare cikin ruwa mai zurfi. Da rana, sukan koma zuwa matakin da ke ba su mafi yawan zafin jiki, kuma a cikin rukuni suna ɓoye a cikin kogon. A wannan lokacin, jinkirin motsi (galibi a ƙasa) yana iya ajiye ƙarfin. Idan maganganun da ke sama gaskiya ne, to kifayen da aka tashe su zuwa saman da zazzabi ya fi ƙarfin 20 ° C fuskantar wahalar numfashi, rayuwa bayan hakan babu tabbas ko da an sanya kifin cikin ruwan sanyi.
A tsibirin Grand Comor, yawan adadi na coelacanth ya faru ne a game da daskarar da daskararren lakar na Kartala. Wadannan filayen lava sun ƙunshi ɓarna ainun fiye da sauran yankunan bakin teku inda coelacanth zasu iya samun ganima kuma jira da rana.
Rayuwa
A cikin rana, coelacanthth na taru a manyan ƙungiyoyi. A cikin wani kogo da ke karkashin ruwa, an gano kifayen mutane 19 waɗanda ke motsawa a hankali tare da taimakon ƙoshin haɗin, ba tare da taɓa juna ba. Abubuwan da mutane suka gano da yanayin shimfidar wuraren saukar haske a watannin da yawa an same su a cikin kofofin guda, amma akwai kuma waɗanda suka canza kogon kowace rana. A dare, duk kifaye daban-daban suna matsawa zuwa yadudduka masu zurfi ko kusa da saman.
Tuni bayan lura ta farko a cikin 1987, lokacin da aka yi wanka da wanka na GEO, masanin ilimin halittar Hans Frieck ya lura cewa da daddare duk latimeria yana ba ku damar ɗaukar kanku sama da ruwa na ruwa, gami da layin kwance. Fugunan da aka haɗa su ne za su iya daidaita kifayen da suke bazuwa saboda ya iyo a gaba duk wata matsala. Fricke ya kuma ce daga lokaci zuwa lokaci duk kifayen sun juya kai tsaye, kuma su kasance cikin wannan matsayin har zuwa minti biyu. An tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar daga baya.
Lokacin yin iyo, coelacanth sannu a hankali yana motsa juzuwan guda biyu da na ciki daidai da wannan, shine, a lokaci guda hagu na ciki da na dama, sannan kuma guda biyu sai kuma hagu na ciki. Irin waɗannan motsin suna kuma halayyar kifin huhu da ƙaramin adadin wasu nau'ikan da ke haifar da rayuwa ta birni. Bugu da kari, wannan hanyar motsin hannu yana da tushe don tsinkayen kasa.
Hannun kafa biyu na biyu da ba a gyara ba tare da jijiyoyin jikinsu gaba daya daga aikin zuwa gaba, wanda zai kawo ci gaba mai saurin motsawa. Wannan ya bayyana irin kamanninsu da tsarin tsarin madubi. Finarshen karewar farko na radial yakan zama tare da baya, amma kifin yana yaɗa shi lokacin da yaji haɗari, kuma za'a iya amfani da wannan fin azaman sail yayin juyawa tare da rafin.
Babban ƙaramar wasan caudal, wanda aka haɗa da ƙaramin juzu'in, fitsarin caudal, da na biyu, ya daidaita kuma yana jujjuyawa yayin iyo ko ruwa mai saurin iyo, wanda yake halayyar kifin mara ƙanƙantar wuta. Wannan yana bada damar fassara fassarar filin lantarki. Idan akwai haɗari, ana amfani da fin wutsiya don hanzarta zuwa gaba.
Finan ƙaramin epicaudal lobate fin yana jujjuya daga gefe zuwa gefe lokacin da kifin ya motsa, da kuma lokacin da "ya tsaya kan kai", kuma yana iya shiga cikin kayan lantarki tare da ginin rostral da reticular gabobin. Bathungiyar wasan wanka ta GEO ta sami damar haifar da coelacanth ta “tsaya akan kansa” ta hanyar wucewa raunin lantarki mai rauni tsakanin wayoyin da mai gudanarwa na waje suke riƙe.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Ana daidaita nau'in coelacanth na Comori don ciyar da dare tare da jinkirin motsi. Binciken da ya cancanci ya ƙaddara cewa shi ɗan ƙaddara ne kuma, musamman, abincinsa ya haɗa da kifayen jiki, berycidae (Berycidae), fushin hakoran (Synaphobranchidae), kifin teku mai zurfi (Apogonidae), busasshen kifin fata da sauran daskararrun kifayen, 'yan tsutsotsi da ma manyan kifayen kifayen.Cephaloscyllium) Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan abincin suna rayuwa ne a cikin kogo.
Tsarin kwanyar coelacanth (hadin gwiwa na ciki) yana basu damar samo abinci ta hanyar sha tare da ruwa tare da buɗe bakin bakin. Don haka, kifayen 'kan tsotse' 'daga abin da suka ɓoye da ɓoye daga dutsen.
Kiwo
Har zuwa 1975, ana daukar coelacanth oviparous, saboda a jikin wata mace mai santimita 163, wacce aka kama a kusa da tsibirin Anjouan a 1972, an gano qwai 19 waɗanda suka yi kama da lemu mai kama da girma. Amma a shekarar 1975, aka bude wata mace, mai tsawon santimita 160, wanda aka kama a kusa da Anjouan a shekarar 1962 kuma an nuna shi a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Amurka (AMNH). Ma'aikatan gidan kayan gargajiya sunyi wannan gwajin don ɗaukar samfurori na gabobin ciki, kuma a wannan yanayin, embryos biyar masu zurfin gaske 30-33 santimita, kowane yana da babban kwai gwaiduwa, ana samun su a cikin abubuwan da aka watsa na mace. Wannan gano yana nuna cewa coelacanth ovoviviparous ne.
Daga baya, masu binciken da John Wurms ke jagoranta sunyi bincike dalla-dalla abubuwan tayi da oviducts kuma sun tabbatar da cewa babban abin da ke kwance a aljihun kwalaji yana da kusanci da juna kuma kamar yadda yake aukuwa a cikin halittar oviduct, yana samar da sifar kamar ta mahaifa. Don haka, yana yiwuwa cewa ban da kwai gwaiduwa, amfrayo suma suna ciyarwa saboda yaduwar abubuwan gina jiki daga jinin mahaifiyar.
An bincika zaɓi na uku game da kiwo bayan kamawa da buɗewa da ƙarin maya speciesya mace daga cikin jinsunan Comori. Ofayansu, mai tsawon cm 168, yana da ƙwai 59 girman kaza, sauran ƙwai 65, da ƙari uku - 62, 56 da 66. Duk waɗannan matan suna da ƙwai fiye da yadda mata za su iya samar da amfrayo da abubuwan gina jiki. Yayin da tayi sau 5 daga wata mace da aka nuna a AMNH tana da babbar kwala-gwalai, amfrayo 26 daga wata mace da aka kama a bakin tekun Mozambique sun kusa haihuwar kuma tana da tabo kawai a ciki a wurin da kwai kwai take. Dukkanin embryos da aka samu suna da ingantaccen tsarin narkewa da hakora. Saboda haka, ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki daga amfrayo zai iya faruwa ne ta dalilin ragowar ƙwai. An sani cewa a wasu nau'ikan kifin sharks, tayi ne ke ciyar da qwai da sauran tayi, kuma a karshe manyan mutane guda ne kawai ake haifarwa. Yana yiwuwa maganin oophagy ya faru a latimeria.
Studiesarin karatu na tayin da aka ambata a cikin mahaifa sun nuna kasancewar manyan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke rufe ginin kuma suna ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin da yawa waɗanda aka haɗa don sha madara mai narkewa (histotrophs) da ke jikin bango na oviducts. Wannan nau'in canja wurin abinci shi ma an san shi da wasu kifayen. Carotenoid pigments a cikin gwaiduwa suna cikin haɓakar iskar oxygen.
Don haka, coelacanth kifayen suna tare da tsarin rayuwa mai haɓaka da rikitarwa. Koyaya, wannan gaskiyar ba abin mamaki bane ga masu bincike, tunda an riga an san cewa coelacanth Jurassic Holophagus gulo ya kasance abin dogaro mai dorewa, kuma coelacanth daga lokacin Carboniferous Bayyanar Rhabdoderma, dukda cewa ovipositing ne, amma yana da qwai tare da wadataccen yolk, wanda shine farkon samar da kwai.
Dangane da bayanan da ba kai ba, mahaifar coelacanth tana da tsawo sosai (kimanin watanni 13), mace tayi jima'i yayin da take da shekaru sama da 20 (kamar yadda yake a wasu mawuyacin hali), kuma bayan sun balaga suna ninka sau ɗaya a kowace shekara. Har yanzu ba a san yadda hadi yake ciki da inda kifin matasa ke zaune ba a shekaru bayan haihuwa. Lokacin da ruwa yake, ba a sami karamin kifi ɗaya ba kusa da bakin tekun ko a cikin kogon dutse, kuma biyu ne kawai aka samu-cikin ruwa a cikin ruwa.
Matakan kiyayewa
Bayan da aka kama coelacanth na biyu a cikin 1952, Comoros (a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Faransa) ya zama "gida" na wannan nau'in.Bayan wani lokaci, dukkanin waɗannan samfurori masu zuwa an ayyana su ne na ƙasa, kuma samfurin "na biyu" an sata "daga hannun masu mallakar su, Faransawa ne kawai aka basu ikon kama waɗannan kifayen. Koyaya, kasashe da yawa sun sami coelacanth daga Faransa a matsayin kyautar diflomasiyya.
Babban binciken kimiyya na coelacanth a cikin Comoros ya fara ne a cikin 1980, kuma a lokaci guda, jita-jita ta tashi cewa ruwa daga coelacanth coelacus yana haɓaka rayuwa. Don haka, kasuwancin baƙar fata ya kirkiro da sauri, inda farashin ya kai $ 5,000 don kifi (kusan 16,700 a farashin 2019). Kama haramtacciyar kasar ta cimma ruwa yayin tashin hankalin siyasa, juyin mulkin soja karkashin jagorancin dan mulkin Faransa Bob Denard da kuma mulkin Comoros A. Abdallah na gaba. Bayan haka, an karɓi coelacanth na Comori a matsayin jinsin da ke buƙatar matakan kariya na gaggawa, wanda a cikin 1987 aka kafa majalisar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta Coelacanth (CCC) a cikin Moroni (babban birnin Union of Comoros, tsibirin Grand Comor).
Ayyukan wadannan wakilan CCC wadanda Hans Fricke ke jagoranta a wurin wanka na JAGO a bakin Tekun Grand Comor sun nuna raguwa sosai a yawan adadin coelacanth, kuma an kiyasta adadin farkon nau'ikan Comori na mutane dubu da yawa. A cikin 1995, an kiyasta adadin a ƙasa da mutane 300. Matakan da aka ɗauka don kiyaye nau'in ya haifar da daidaituwa ga yawan coelacanth a Comoros. A shekara ta 2009, an kiyasta girman wannan alƙalumman a cikin manya 300-400. Duk da gano nau'ikan Indonesiyan a shekarar 1998 da kuma gano coelacanth a Sodwan Bay (Afirka ta Kudu), asalin halittar coelacanth na iya shiga hadari saboda yawanta, takaddama ta fannin ilimin kimiya da salon rayuwa. A cikin 2013, IUCN ya kimanta matsayin nau'in coelacanth na Comori a matsayin mai mahimmanci, kuma Indonesian a matsayin mai sauƙin haɗari.
Daraja ga mutum
Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, lokacin da aka san mahimmancin kimar coelacanth, aka kama su lokaci zuwa lokaci kuma ana amfani dasu don abinci don abubuwan da suka dace na maganin zazzabin cizon sauro. Saboda yawan abun ciki na mai mai mai yawa, naman coelacantha yana da wari mai ƙarfi da dandano na naman da ke lalacewa, kuma yana haifar da zawo mai tsafta.