Almara ta ce da zarar wani lokaci, mugayen ruhohi suka aiko da la'ana a kan mazaunan duniya, da yawa sun mutu saboda cututtukan da suke raɗaɗi. Mutane sun fara roƙon alloli don taimako, sammai sun ji tausayin wahalar, suka aiko manzonsu zuwa duniya - masu ƙarfi farin zakiwanda, ta wurin hikimarsa, ya koya wa mutane yaƙi da cututtuka kuma ya yi alkawarin kare su a cikin mawuyacin lokaci. An yi imani da cewa muddin farin zakuna ya wanzu a duniya, babu wuri a cikin zuciyar mutane don wahala da baƙin ciki.

Farin zaki - Yanzu gaskiyane, amma kwanannan an dauke su wani kyakkyawan labari ne, tunda basu hadu ba ko kadan. A shekara ta 1975, masana kimiyya masu bincike guda biyu waɗanda suka yi nazarin mulkin dabbobin dabbobi na Afirka kuma suka ɓatar da fiye da shekara ɗaya suna binciken halayen kasancewar zakuna fari ba zato ba tsammani sun gano threea snowan fari uku masu dusar ƙanƙan fari da idanunsu masu launin shuɗi. An sanya 'ya'yan zaki a cikin ajiyar zinare domin a sake haifar asalin halittar sarkin dabbobi - zaki zaki.

A halin yanzu, akwai mutane kusan ɗari uku akan duniyar, wannan nau'in, sau ɗaya ya rasa ɗan adam. Yanzu farin zaki ba dabba ba ce da ke rayuwa a sararin samaniya ta Afirka, ana kiyaye kariya daga zakuna kuma suna haifar da yanayi mai kyau na kiwo a cikin ɗabi'un halittu a duniya.

Siffofi da mazauninsu

Zakuna suna cikin tsarin dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsari irin na masu farauta, da dangin cat. Suna da gajeren Jawo, launin dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara wanda a hankali yake duhu daga haihuwar dabba kuma tsoho yana ɗaukar launi na hauren giwa. A ƙarshen wutsiya, farin zaki yana da ƙaramin goge, wanda ya baki cikin 'yan uwan ​​ja.

Tsawon jikin namiji zai iya kaiwa kimanin 330 cm, zakin mace yawanci kadan ne - 270 cm. Weight na zaki ya bambanta daga 190 zuwa kilo 310. An rarrabe zakoki daga mata ta hanyar katako mai kauri da doguwar ulu, wanda ya fara girma a kai, a gefunan mucks kuma ya ratsa cikin kafaɗun kafada. Saƙar rawar jiki ta ba wa dabbar dabbar wata alama ce mai girma da ƙarfi, tana iya jawo hankalin mata da tsoratar da abokan hamayyarta.

A kimiyance tabbatar da cewa wadannan dabbobi ba zabiya ba ne. Akwai fararen zaki da duka shuɗi biyu da idanun zinare. Rashin iya canza launin launi a cikin launi na fata da gashi yana nuna ƙarancin asali na musamman.

Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa kimanin shekaru dubu 20 da suka gabata farin zakuna na Afirka kasancewar sararin sararin samaniya na dusar ƙanƙara da kankara. Kuma wannan shine ya sa suna da launin fari-dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ya kasance kyakkyawan tsari yayin farauta. Sakamakon canje-canjen yanayi a duniya, farin zaki ya zama mazaunan gandun daji da ƙasƙantattu a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi.

Saboda launin haske, zaki ya zama dabba mai rauni, wacce a lokacin farauta ba zata iya samun mafaka ba don samun adadin abincin da ake buƙata.

Kuma ga masu ba da fata, fata mai laushi na dabba ita ce ƙimar mafi mahimmanci. Yana da matukar wahala ga zakuna masu irin wannan launi "baƙon abu" don yanayi su nemi mafaka a cikin ciyawa kuma a sakamakon haka zasu iya zama ganima ga wasu dabbobi.

Mafi girma yawan farin zaki wanda yake a yammacin Afirka ta kudu a cikin babbar hanyar Sambona Reserve. A gare su, da sauran nau'ikan dabbobi masu saurin kisa, waɗanda aka kirkira don kusancinsu ga yanayin yanayin rayuwa a cikin daji.

Mutumin ba ya tsoma baki cikin ayyukan zaɓi na halitta, farauta da haifuwa na mazaunan yankin da aka ba shi kariya. Manyan dabbobi mafi girma na ƙasashen duniya, kamar su Jamus, Japan, Kanada, Russia, Malaysia, Amurka suna da wannan dabbobi na almara a sararin samaniyarsu.

Halin hali da salon rayuwa

Wadannan manya-manyan an gabatar dasu photo farin zakunagalibi suna zaune a cikin manyan rukuni - prides. Haifa zuriya da farauta musamman mata, kuma maza suna kare girman kai da yankuna. Bayan farawar balaga, maza sukan kori iyalai kuma bayan wani lokaci mafi karfi daga gare su suna kirkirar da kansu.

A cikin irin wannan dangi, za a iya samun mace ɗaya zuwa uku, mace da yawa da kuma ɗiyan samari na dukkan maza biyu. Dabbobi suna tattara ganima a tare, tare da rarraba abubuwan da ke fili. An sanya rawar yanke hukunci a cikin farauta ga mata, saboda suna da sauri kuma sun fi girma.

Namiji na iya tsoratar da ganima, wanda ke jira kawai, daga ɓoye. Zakin zakuna sun iya yin bacci har tsawon awanni 20 a rana, suna kankara daga inuwar tsirrai da bishiyoyi.

Yankin girman kai shine wurin da akan shi farin zakuna farauta. Idan ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin dangin zaki baƙi suka sauka a wannan ƙasa, to, yaƙi na iya tashi tsakanin abubuwan da ke faruwa.

Legend

Daga zamanin da har zuwa yau, kabilun Afirka suna bauta wa farin zaki a matsayin manzo daga sama, suna bauta masa a matsayin halitta tsarkakakkiya, suna kiyaye shi. Mutane suna azabtar da mummunan azaba ga wanda ya kashe wannan dabba ba da gangan ba.

Kyakkyawan labari na Afirka, wanda aka gada daga tsara zuwa tsara, ya ce a zamanin da mummunan bala'i a cikin nau'ikan cututtuka da rashi suka afka wa kabilu. 'Yan Adam na gab da karewa. Ba a iya jimre wa yanayin halitta ba, mutane sukan yi addu'a ga allolinsu dare da rana, suna neman ceto. Alloli sun yi jinƙai, kuma sun aika da farin zaki zuwa duniya, wanda ya kawo mutane kubuta daga wahala da cuta, daga baya ya koma, yana mai alƙawarin dawowa lokacin da hatsari ya sake faruwa a kan bil'adama.

Farin zaki mai ciyarwa

Abincin abinci na kowane mutum na yau da kullun shine naman da yawanci ungulates (buffalo ko giraffe) daga 18 zuwa 30 kg. Zakuna suna da haƙuri dabbobi da suke iya cin abinci sau ɗaya a kowane kwana biyu zuwa uku, kuma suna iya ci ba tare da abinci na makonni da yawa.

Cin abinci a cikin farin zaki wani irin al'ada ne. Shugaban namiji mai girman kai shi ne ya fara ci, sa’annan sauran mutane, matasa sun ci na ƙarshe. Mafi farkon cin naman ganima, sannan hanta da kodan, sannan kawai nama da fata. Sun fara cin abinci ne kawai bayan babban namiji ya cika.

Gaskiya

Abun shine launi na musamman na waɗannan zakuna, wanda ke ba da labaru da tatsuniyoyi iri-iri. Farin launi yana tabbatar da wani hadewar kwayoyin halitta. Akwai zakuna tare da fari / launin fata mai launin fata (ana kiran su da zakuna na heterozygous).

Kiwo da tsowon zaki

Farin zakuna sun sami damar fara haihuwa a cikin shekara. Amincewa da tayi a tsakanin watanni 3.5 ne kawai. Kafin haihuwar zuriya, zakin ta bar girman kai, a cikin haske za ta iya haihuwa tun daga ɗayan zuwa na ɗan zaki. Bayan ɗan lokaci, mace tare da sanduna ta koma ga girman kai.

Haihuwar offspringa offspringan na faruwa kusan lokaci guda a cikin duk mata, wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga kariyar cuban adam kuma yana rage mace-mace daga kananan dabbobi. Bayan zuriya ta girma, budurwa mata su kasance cikin girman kai, maza kuwa, tun da suka kai shekara biyu zuwa huɗu, barin girman kai.

A cikin daji, zakuna sun sami damar rayuwa daga shekaru 13 zuwa 16, amma da wuya maza su rayu har zuwa shekaru 11, tunda ba duk abin da aka kora daga girman kai suke da damar rayuwa su kadai ko ƙirƙirar danginsu.

A cikin bauta, farin zakuna na iya rayuwa daga shekaru 19 zuwa 30. A Rasha, farin zakuna suna zaune a cikin filin shakatawa na Krasnoyarsk na flora da fauna "Roy Ruchey" da kuma a cikin "Safari Park" a cikin Krasnodar. Farin zaki da aka jera a cikin Duniya Littafin jan kamar yadda wani nau'in halitta mai haɗari da ɗanɗano, kusan ba a taɓa samun shi ba cikin yanayin. Ya danganta ne ga mutum ko zakin farin zai zama gaskiya ko kuma zai sake zama almara.

Bayanin da fasali

Farin zaki Bai shafi dabbobi albino ba, rakodin mutum cikin iyali. Launi mai ban mamaki ya faru ne saboda wasu haɗarin ƙwayoyin cuta wanda cutar ta kira da leukism. Za a iya bambanta sabon abu tare da melanism, saboda wanda panthers na baki suka bayyana.

Cikakken rashi Kwayoyin aladu abu ne mai saurin faruwa. A cikin dabbobi, aladu a karkara sun fi bayyana sau da yawa, lokacin da fararen fata, kamar dusar ƙanƙara mai warwatse, murfin rufe jiki, gashi na dabbobi masu shayarwa, har ma fata mai rarrafe. Rashin iya canza launin aski shine halayyar irin zaki daya.

Me yasa ana bayyana maye gurbin ne kawai a cikin su - babu amsa. An haifi farin zaki a cikin zakin mai launin zaki. Duk mahaifan biyu dole ne su kasance heterozygous, suna da nau'ikan halittar asali daga haɗuwa da koma-baya da manyan abubuwan halitta masu launin fari-launin ruwan kasa. Rashin daidaituwa yana haifar da hakan zaki baki da fari . Yayinda yake girma, duhu duhu ya shuɗe, gashi ya zama haske gaba ɗaya. Tsarin launin ruwan kasa na iya mamaye zuriya, damar samun cuban zaki mai dusar ƙanƙara shine kusan ɗaya cikin huɗu.

Sabanin albino mai launin toka, idanu, fata, da kuma gamammen zaki na fenti cikin launuka na gargajiya. Rawaya mai launin shuɗi, ruwan shuɗi-shudi mai idanu mai kyan gani. Jawo mai tsada ya bambanta cikin sautunan: daga yashi mai haske zuwa farin fararen, gami da al'adar duhu da al'adar wutsiya.

Daga mahangar Juyin halitta, farin gashi na zaki wani aibi ne bayyananne. Daga ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa, dabbobi na musamman suna da kyau kwarai da gaske. Ana iya kiyaye wannan launi mafi ƙaranci ta kwararrun zuriya na zaki don adana su. Jindadin mutane yana ba da tabbacin ci gaban dabbobi da amincin rayuwa.

Yanayin yanayi na zalunci ne ga farin zakuna. Wani takamaiman launi yana hana masu hasashen yiwuwar kamo kisa, sakamakon abinda kwace kwatsam ya zama mai yiwuwa. Farin zakuna da kansu sun zama abin fara'a gayen. Offspringawan fari masu dusar ƙanƙara suna da haɗarin mutuwa. An kori zakoki na musamman daga girman kai don rayuwa mai zaman kanta, amma suna da ƙarancin damar da za su iya daidaitawa da su a cikin yanayin halitta. Dabbobi masu rauni baza su iya ɓoyewa cikin savannah daga abokan halitta da mutane ba.

Zakin farin yana da manyan tsatsotsi, kamar duk wakilai na cin zato.

Wani lokaci akwai ra'ayoyi don dawo da mazaunan wuraren dabbobi zuwa daji. Tattaunawa a cikin latsawa sau da yawa ba sa nuna matsayin kwararru. Ba za ku iya haɗa induction ba (dawo da yawan ofancin da ke da wuya na zaki) da kiwon dabbobi da launi na musamman, wanda ba zai iya zama mai zaman kansa a cikin yanayin ba.

Tare da launi mai saurin launi na zakuna, an danganta imanin kabilun Afirka. Dangane da almara, shekaru da yawa da suka wuce, mugayen ruhohi sun la'anci ɗan adam. Mutane sun yi addu'a ga allolinsu. An aiko farin zaki don kira don ceto. Godiya ga manzon Allah, dan Adam ya warke. Kyakkyawan labari yana rayuwa a cikin al'adun mutanen Afirka har zuwa yau.

Mutane sunyi imani cewa ganin farin zaki na nufin samun ƙarfi, kafara don zunubai, da yin farin ciki. Tana kawo kariya ga mutane daga yaƙe-yaƙe, wariyar launin fata, da cututtuka. Azãba mai raɗaɗi tana jiran waɗanda suka cutar da dabbobi ma da gangan. Farin Zakin Afirka - ganima mai mahimmanci, jihar tana ba da kariya, an jera su a cikin littafin farko. Ceton smallan tsira zai yiwu ne kawai ta hanyar iyakancewa, matakan kariya.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Akwai zaton cewa shekaru dubu 20 da suka gabata, zakuna sun zauna a cikin filayen dusar ƙanƙara, don haka launin ruwan dusar ƙanƙara ya zama wani ɓoye na farautar dabbobi. Dumamar yanayi a duniya sakamakon canjin yanayi ya haifar da gusar da fararen zaki. An sami mutane marasa galihu a cikin savannahs, a cikin tsaunukan ƙasashe masu zafi, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mu'ujiza.

An tabbatar da wanzuwar farin zakuna a shekarar 1975 lokacin da suka gano kodan zakuna tare da farin launi lokacin yana mako 8. An gudanar da wani taron tarihi a kudu maso gabashin Afirka, a cikin Kruger National Park na Timbavati Reserve. An rarraba dabbobi kamar Panthera leo krugeri. Wurin ganowa an daukaka shi zuwa matsayi na alfarma, sunan yana nufin "anan zakuna taurari ya sauko daga sama."

An mayar da yaran zuwa wani wuri mai aminci, inda suka tseratar da su daga rashin lafiya, yunwa, da kisa daga masu bautar. Tun daga wannan lokacin, zuriya farin zakuna suna zaune a cibiyoyin dabbobi. Theayan mafi girma shi ne babbar Asalin Sanbona a Afirka ta Kudu, inda sama da ɗar dabbobi kusan ɗari ke zaune. Don mazaunan sun kirkiro yanayin yanayin yanayin, lokacin da mutane ba su shafar zaɓi na halitta, kiwo dabbobi. A sauran cibiyoyin zoo, ana tallafawa kare farin zakoki a wucin gadi.

Farin zaki a cikin hoto koyaushe abin mamaki ne, amma a rayuwa ta zahiri, haɗuwa da shi yana mamaye mutane da farin ciki. Girma, falala, kyakkyawa dabbar suna da sha'awa. An kirkiro yanayi mai sanyaya rai don kiyaye dabbobi masu rauni a gidajen dabbobi a cikin Japan, Philadelphia, da sauran ƙasashe. A cikin yanayin reserve na Jamus rayuwa zaki biyu zaki. A kan iyakar kasar Rasha, zaku iya ganin farin zaki a cikin gidan dabbobi mafi girma a cikin Krasnoyarsk “Roev Ruchey”, a cikin “Safari Park” a cikin Krasnodar.

Yawan dabbobi a duniya ba su wuce mutum 300 ba. Wannan kadan ne, amma kariya da ci gaban alumma suna faruwa ne saboda kada farin zaki ya zama wata halitta tatsuniya. Masana kimiyya suna fuskantar aikin maido da dabbobi a wata hanya ta zahiri, tunda dangi yana da haɗari ga rayuwar al'ummomin da zasu zo nan gaba.

Farin zaki - dabba mai daraja, mai martaba. Zakuna manya sun zama garken dangi - amarya, wanda ya kunshi namiji, mace da 'ya'yansa. Drivenan zakuna masu tasowa ana korar su don ƙirƙirar nasu ko kuma su kama fahariyar wani. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana faruwa lokacin da yake shekaru 2-2.5, lokacin da matasa suka zama masu gasa.

Farin zaki yana hutawa bayan cin abinci

Mata suna da alhakin renon zuriya. Ban sha'awa. Wadancan uwaye suna kallon yaransu ba wai kawai ba, har ma da wasu yaran. Namiji yana kiyaye garken, ƙasar girman kai. Makiyaya masu nishaɗi da kwanciyar hankali suna ƙaunar cin nasara a ƙarƙashin kambin bishiyoyi masu yaduwa, a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi. Lokaci na hutawa da bacci na iya ɗaukar sa'o'i 20.

Sarkin dabbobi

Zaki shine mai babban abincin dabbobi masu zaki. Kowa yasan cewa ana kiran wannan dabbar .. Don fahimtar dalilin da yasa mutanen zamanin suka kira shi, ya isa yaga yadda wannan dabba take. Leo yana da ƙarfi koyaushe, kuma ina so in faɗi - tsari, hali. Yin chic mane yana sanya bayyanar sa yafi girma girma.

Yawan nauyin namiji yakai kilo 200, ya kai tsawan 2.8 a tsayi (af, da yawa kamar santimita 90 ya fadi akan kyakkyawan wutsiya). Zakin mata kadan ne. Tsayinsu shine kilo 140, tsayin jikin mutum ya kai mita 2.5. Mata, ba kamar maza ba, ba su da maciya.

Zaki zai iya rushe gidan zebra wanda nauyinsa yakai kilo ɗari uku tare da bugun pawi ɗaya (!). Ba shi yiwuwa a ce an dauke mu tsalle-tsalle masu kyau.

Halaye da halaye

Zakuna suna zaune suna farauta cikin garken dabbobi (wani suna kuma girman kai). Abokan fulawa suna ciyar da zebullai, raƙuma, jijiyoyi, hares da tururuwa, yakan faru wani lokacin sukan ci abinci. A lokuta mawuyacin hali, zakuna sun kai hari kan dabbobi, giwaye da mahaurai. Kuma suna farauta, a matsayin doka, kuma zakuna suna kiyaye ganima. Akwai lokuta da yawa yayin da waɗannan kuliyoyin daji suka karɓi abinci daga ƙananan masu farautar.

Bayan "abincin" zaki ya huta a inuwa ko a jikin rassan. Ee, ee, suna hawa bishiyoyi daidai! Godiya ga maƙallan su, suna iya hawa zuwa tsayin mita shida. Lura cewa zakuna har yanzu dormouse! Tsawon lokacin baccinsu ya fi awanni ashirin a rana. Amma koda namiji yana bacci, yana jin komai. Wajibi ne a ceci zuriya da zuriyarsu.

Wadannan magabatan na iya shan ruwa na dogon lokaci, tunda ruwan da ke cikin dabbar da aka ci ya ishe su. A lokaci guda, irin wannan dabbar tana da damar cin abinci har kilogram arba'in na nama, sannan zai jira mako guda har sai an narke abincin, sannan kuma zaku iya farauta. Tabbas, a cikin wannan yanayin, mutum bai kamata ya yi mamakin jin cewa zakuna na iya tafiya ba tare da abinci na dogon lokaci.

Masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara cewa zaki ɗan shekara goma sha biyar ne, amma wannan ba koyaushe yake ba. Abin takaici, yawancin masu hasashen suna mutuwa da wuri.

Lokacin da suke shekara biyu, suka fara balaga. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin za'ayi duk watanni 12 na shekara. Cutar da mace tayi kwanaki 110. A cikin zuriya ɗaya, ana haihuwar biyu zuwa biyar.Mace na iya kawo zuriya kowace shekara biyu. Yana faruwa cewa zakin mace baya barin namiji ga cuban ta, saboda tana jin tsoron rayuwarsu.

Watannin farko na rayuwarsu, zakin zaki tare da mahaifiyarsu, ba tare da kungiyar ba. Lokacin da aka haifi jariri, yayi kama da cat a cikin gida girma. Ciyarwa mai dogaro ga jarirai ana iya gani ulu. Iyaye mata galibi suna haɗuwa, suna shirya wani nau'in gandun daji, inda suke tattara duk zuriyarsu. Iyayen sun ba yaran a karkashin kulawar zakin daya, sauran iyayen zasu iya farauta lafiya, da sanin cewa an kare yaran. An riga an kwashe zaki tare da su a cikin farauta don koyon yadda ake bi da ganima, sannan a yanka. A shekara biyu ko uku, mawakicin ya riga ya girma cikin maza. Wannan shine lokacin da mafi ƙarfi suke fitar da mai rauni daga cikin fakitin. Tun yana dan shekara biyar, zaki daya yana kokarin kirkirar kansa.

Musamman game da shekaru

Don haka zaki. Har yaushe ne wannan mutumin kyakkyawa mai kyau zai rayu? Yawan rayuwarsa ya dogara da dalilai da yawa. Misali, shekara nawa zaki ya zauna a cikin daji? A cikin daji, waɗannan mafarautan suna fuskantar haɗari da yawa, amma babban abokin gabarsu shine mutum. Sakamakon hare-hare na awutai da masu farauta, da kuma saboda mummunan yanayi, rayuwar zaki a cikin yanayi ta takaice - kimanin shekaru takwas. Amma wannan lokacin ya isa ya girma, kuma ya bar zuriya.

Ka lura cewa mace na rayuwa tsawon shekaru. Wataƙila saboda gaskiyar cewa basu da ikon kare yankin a yaƙin baƙi.

Rayuwa a cikin yanayi ta tanadi

Shekaru nawa ne zakuna suka zauna a ajiye? A wannan yankin, rayuwarsu ta fi tsayi, saboda an kiyaye dabbobi daga masu bautar dabbobi. A nan, masu farauta suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha huɗu, wanda kusan ya ninka na 'yanci sau biyu.

Shekaru nawa zakuna ke zaune a gidan dabbobi?

A kusan dukkanin wuraren kiwon dabbobi masu girma, an kirkiro yanayi mai kyau (idan muna magana game da tsaro). A irin waɗannan wuraren, zakuna sun rayu sama da shekaru ashirin, suna kasancewa a ƙarƙashin sa ido ga ma'aikata da likitocin dabbobi. A kasar Jamus, akwai zaki mai dadewa, ya rayu a gidan zoo har zuwa shekara 29.

Don haka mun hadu da kyau tare da waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin. Kuma idan ɗanku, sake kallon wani zane mai ban dariya game da Simba, ya sami sha'awar rayuwar rayuwar waɗannan wakilan, tabbas zaku iya gaya wa yaranku yadda zaki da yawa ke zaune cikin daji, cikin gidan dabbobi da wurin adana dabbobi.

Yankin: Gabashin Afirka, Indiya (p. Gujarat). A baya can, zakuna sun rayu a yawancin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Hindustan.

Bayanin : zaki yana da mafi kyawun bayyanar a tsakanin dukkan kuliyoyi - wata babbar maharma ce wacce take da kuzari mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa. Hannun paws suna da ƙarfi, tare da ingantattun tsokoki a ƙafafu na gaba, wanda zakin ya kama kuma ya riƙe ganima. Wutsiya tana da tsawo, tare da tassel a ƙarshen tare da gashi mai duhu a ƙarshen.
Shugaban yana da girma sosai, makarkashiyar tana da tsawo, jaws suna da iko tare da manyan ribobi (hakora 30 a duka). Harshen murfin m ne, an lullube shi da kuli-kuli a cikin kaifi mai kaifi wadanda suke taimakawa dabbar ta iya lasa da fata, da kuma kula da fata. Kunnuwa suna zagaye, baƙar fata a waje tare da launin rawaya a tsakiya.
Ana bayyana dimorphism: maza sun fi maza girma kuma kusan kashi 50% cikin nauyi. Namiji ne mai dogon hannu yana rufe wuyansa, kafadu da kirji. Ragowar jikin yana rufe da gajeren gashi. A tsoffin zakuna, maƙarƙashiya wani lokacin yakan girma kuma yana rufe kafadu da ciki.
Kowane zaki a kan fuskarsa yana da layuka 4-5 na vibrissa (gashin-baki). A gindin kowane irin wannan eriya akwai wuri mai duhu wanda ya samar da tsarin musamman na musamman ga kowane mutum.

Launi : Babban launi na jikin babba shine farin-launin toka (zakuna Asiatic), cream, rawaya mai yashi da duhu mai duhu. Tedungiyoyin ɓangare na jiki ana fentin su cikin sautunan da suke da wuta. A cikin zakuna, manya suna da launin ruwan kasa. Wasu lokuta haske da fari ko kuma farin farin zakin ana haihuwar su, ba tare da halayyar idodi na zabiya ba, wanda ke nuna rashin kyakkyawan launi.

Girma : tsawon zaki - 2.7-3 m, zaki har zuwa 2.7 m, tsayi a ƙishirwa ya haɗu zuwa 122 cm.

Weight : maza - har zuwa kilogiram 250, mata - har zuwa kilogiram 180.

Tsawon rayuwa : a cikin yanayi har zuwa shekaru 17-20, a cikin bauta - har zuwa shekaru 30.

Leo ya kasance "magana" ne, maimaitawar sa ya hada da sauti kamar: kara, ihu, hargitsi, nishi da kuka. Ana amfani da tsawa don nuna yanki ko tsoratarwa ga masu gasa. Hayaniyar namiji tana da ƙarfi da zurfi daga na zaki kuma ana iya jin sa nisan tazarar kilomita 5-7. Mace suna ba da ɗan ƙaramin gurnani yayin da suke kiran theira .an su. Zakuna suna iya tsarkakewa kamar cat na gida. Habitat: bude filayen tudu (sun fi son wuraren shakatawa da ciyawar ciyawar ciyawa tare da ɗimbin unguwar, kasancewar ramuka na ruwa) da Semi-hamada. Duwatsu sun haura zuwa 3000 m saman matakin teku.

Abokan gaba : babba shine mutum. Tumbin giwayen giwaye, gishiyoyi, dusar kankara, karnuka masu yawa (waɗanda zasu iya kaiwa zaki hari a ramin shara) suna haifar da haɗari. Tsoffin zakuna da yawa sukan mutu daga haƙoran karnukan karnuka.
Dukansu dabbobi masu dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tsuntsayen da ke cikin ganima a kan zakoki.

Abinci : zakuna - mafarautan da ke farautar matsakaici da manyan dabbobi: tururuwa, zebras, gazelles, wildebeests, giwaye matasa, dabbobi. Tare da ƙarancin ganima, dabbobi ma za su iya cinye su (mousearancin jijiyoyi, kifi, kaji, da ƙwaiƙwalu). Ba sa nisantawa daga ganima daga ƙasashen waje, suna karɓar ta daga wasu, masu rauni marassa ƙarfi (karnuka da tsuntsaye).

Halayyar : a rana, alfahari ya tabbata a inuwa, kuma a yamma yakan tafi farauta.
A cikin girman kai, manyan mafarauta sune zaki, amma zakuna kansu kusan ba sa farauta. Maza suna kiyaye yankin kuma suna kiyaye shi daga sauran dabbobin da ke kan sa.
Zaki suna farautar manyan ganima a gungunsu, da farko suna kokarin ware wanda aka cutar da su daga garken, sannan kuma suka kai hari suka kashe shi. Yayin yaduwar (a takaice masu nisa), zakin zaki iya isa da sauri har zuwa kilomita 55 / h.
Zuwa kusa da wanda abin ya faru kusa da ita, zakin tana da babbar rauni ta kashe shi, sai ya yanke qafar ta daga kafafunta ya cije haƙoranta a makogwaron. Idan ganima ta tsere, mahara sun nemi sabon ganima. A matsakaici, kowane hari na hudu yana ƙare da nasara.
Zakuna suna kashe ganima ta hanyoyi guda uku: ƙananan - lalata nan take na mahaifa, matsakaici ya tsage makogwaron, kuma babban ya mutu a makogwaro da makarkata.
Maza ne farkon wanda ya ci ganima, sa’annan mata, waɗanda suka mamaye mafi girman matsayi na matsayi, keɓaɓɓiyar mace da kittens sune na ƙarshe da za su ci. Don haka, babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa tsakanin cubyan zaki shine yunwa. A zama ɗaya, zaki ya ci kilo 20 na nama.
Sun gamsu, zakuna sun share musu ƙishi su tafi su huta. Yin alfahari da zakuna hudu yana buƙatar farauta ɗaya mai nasara a mako guda. Marasa lafiya ko rariyar zakoki, ba su iya ganima a kan ungulates, na iya kai wa mutane hari.
Zakuna tsalle daidai - shinge na mita uku da duwatsun ba matsala ba ce a gare su.

Tsarin zamantakewa : Zakuna dabbobi ne na zamantakewa waɗanda suke ciyar da rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a cikin fakiti. Suna da gaisuwa mai gaisuwa, wanda a yayin da zakunan suka kusanci juna, suna girgiza kawuna daga gefe zuwa gefe, kuma suna riƙe da wutsiyoyinsu sosai. Yin lasisin zamantakewar kai, kafadu da wuya kuma alama ce ta nuna soyayya da kyakkyawar alaƙa.
A cikin girman kai, yawanci maza 1-2 manyan maza, da yawa zakin mata da matasa (har zuwa 7-13 mutane). Ba a maraba da baƙon mata na alfahari da girman kai Abokan zaki sun fara koyon farauta daga baya fiye da na zakin, wani lokacin kawai yana da shekaru 4-5, amma yawanci ana korar samari daga fahariya. Saboda dalilai, ya sanya maza su tafi gidajen magadan, inda zakin su ke zaune, a can kuma suke kokarin yin gwagwarmayar jagoranci.
Dabbobin maza da maza suna nuna alamar iyakar ƙasarsu tare da fitsari da hura ciki. Kowane ɗayan shafukan yanar gizon na iya mamaye kilomita 100-400 2 (ya dogara da yawan abinci).

Kiwo : a wannan lokacin, maza suna matukar yin fada da juna ga mace, wanda a wasu lokuta kan kai ga mutuwar daya daga cikin masu gasa. Wanda ya ci nasara ya bi sawun mace kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya aure ta a kowane zarafi. Idan zaki dage sosai, mace zata baka damar hawa shi. Yayin saduwa, zaki ya riƙe haƙoran mace a bayan wuyan ta. Balajin da kansa yana da tsawon mintuna 1-2, kuma a ranar ma'auratan sunkai 100.
Mace a cikin girman kai ɗaya suna haihuwar cubasan a lokaci guda, wanda ke taimakawa kare su daga wasu masu farauta da sauran zakuna na maza. Zaki ya shayar da yayan ba tare da raba su abokai da abokan gaba ba. Idan mace mace ta mutu, sauran suna kula da 'ya'yan mamatan.
Rashin haihuwa na faruwa ne a wajen girman kai. Jirgin yana zaune a cikin kogwannin dutse, wuraren ɓarna na duwatsu ko ramuka da ke cikin wurare masu nisa.

Lokacin / kiwo : a duk shekara.

Balaga : mace girma a shekara 4, maza tun yana shekara shida.

Ciki : tsawon kwana 105-112.

Zuriya : a cikin zuriyar dabbobi akwai yara masu kitso mai ciki 2-4. Cubawon zakin wanda aka haife shi ya kai 450 g, girman su ya kai cm 30. Daga baya, launi mai launi aka maye gurbinsu da launi ɗaya. Idanun sun buɗe a ranakun 3-11. Cuban sanduna sun fara yin tafiya a ranar 10. Haɓakar hakora sun tashi tun yana ɗan wata ɗaya. Lokacin da yaran ke yin wata kusan 1.5, mahaifiyar ta fara shan su tare da su don farauta kuma tana ciyar da su da nama. Lactation yana zuwa watanni 6.

Amfana / cutar da mutane : Zakuna suna kaiwa mutane hari da wuya kuma akasari idan basu da lafiya ko suka ji rauni. Lan zakuna suna da sauƙin horarwa da horarwa.
Daga zamanin da, mutum ya ɗauki zaki a matsayin sarkin dabbobi. A tsohuwar Masar, zaki shine misalin ikon allahntaka da ikon sarauta. Daga cikin Assuriyawa da Helenawawa, zaki ya kasance abokin abokantaka na alloli. Kuma a farkon fasahar Kirista, zaki ya nuna alama ga Markus da Jerome, daga baya ma har da Kristi kansa. Bayan lokaci, zakuna ya zama abin ƙyalli na kayan hannun wasu mulkoki da jihohi.

Yawan jama'a / kiyayewa : Imididdigar yawan adadin zaki shine 30,000 zuwa 100,000.
Akwai biyan kuɗi guda biyu: Afirka (Gabashin Afirka) da Asiya (Indiya, Gir Forest Reserve).
Kimiyya ta san gicciye tsakanin zakuna da damisa (damisa), da kuma zuriyar damisa da zakoki (tigeyons).

Kudi: Portal Zooclub
Lokacin sake maimaita wannan labarin, haɗin haɗin mai aiki zuwa tushen shine MALAMIYA, in ba haka ba, za a dauki amfani da labarin wannan cin zarafi ne na "Doka da haƙƙin mallaka da alaƙa".

Shekaruna nawa zakuna? Don samun cikakken amsar wannan tambaya, kuna buƙatar fahimtar abin da daidai ya dogara da begen rayuwa na irin wannan babban dabbar, da ainihin sarkin dabbobi - Leo.

Dawowa a zamanin da, da mazauninsu ya fi girma.

Ana iya samun Lviv a duk yankin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Iran. Sun zauna arewa da arewa maso yammacin Indiya, kudanci Turai, da kuma Kudancin Rasha.

Rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ta bambanta gabaɗaya, amma waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin suna koyaushe a fagen hangen nesa ga mutumin da ya tsoma baki cikin abin da suka saba, na yanki.

An lalatar da zakoki don kare kai, an kama su saboda dabarun nuna wasannin kawai saboda kare tseren. Kuma zuwa ga lokacinmu, adadin waɗannan dabbobin sun ragu sosai. A halin yanzu, zaki ne kawai a wasu yankuna na Afirka da kewayen jihar Gujarat ta Indiya.

Zakuna suna da kyan gani sosai. A lokaci guda, maza masu tsayi a kafadu sune zakara a tsakanin kuliyoyi kuma suna da launi mai launin shuɗi. Jawanan waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarfi, ƙafafunsu suna da ƙarfi wanda zasu iya farautar babban dabbar. Amma akwai wani fasalin da ya bambanta maza daga mace, wannan shine mane. Theaƙƙarfan launin fata a mafi yawan lokuta yana haɗuwa da launi na fata, amma yana iya samun haske ko inuwa mai duhu, kuma a ƙarshen wutsiya, cikin mace da namiji, goga mai dogon ulu.

Zaki a cikin daji

A cikin harshen dabbobi, fur da aka girka a wuyan wuyan yana nufin tashin hankali, ana lasafta mutane da tsoron irin waɗannan mutane, yanayi yana ba da zakoki maza tare da rawar jiki da walwala, wanda ke ƙara musu girma da tashin hankali. A zahiri, zakuna ba su da ban tsoro kamar yadda suke zato. Duk da ƙarfinsu da tsananin ƙarfinsu, yawancin rana, kusan awanni 20 a rana, zakuna suna hutawa a cikin rana, sukan farauta da safe ko da yamma, suna neman dogon lokaci don kansu wanda ya dace. Zakuna dabbobi ne na zamantakewa, suna zaune cikin iyalai - amarya.

Girman kai yakan ƙunshi ɗaya ko fiye na mace - dangin jini, mata da ɗibansu. Da zaran zaki ya kai shekaru 2-3, za a kore shi daga alfahari, kuma suna rayuwa daban da duk wani ya zama zakoki masu yawo. Waɗannan zakuna kaɗai suna neman abinci wa kansu, galibi suna ɗaukar ganima daga girman kai ko masu tsoratar. Lionan matan zaki ba su barin girman kai. Baya ga rayuwa a cikin kwanciyar hankali a Afirka, akwai ma'aurata zaki da ke rayuwa da kansu.

A tsakanin mace akwai bayyananne raunin matsayin na tsawon farauta da na bayanta, saboda tsira daukacin alfahari ya dogara da wannan. Wani yana kallon kodan, wani yana hutawa, wani kuma yana kallo don gani ko akwai mata ko maza daga ɗayan girman kai a sararin sama. Tushen abincin abincin zaki shine wildebeests, zebras, buffalos, kudu da kongoni, wani lokacin warthogs da barewa wasu lokuta suna bayyana akan menu. Farauta ana yin su a cikin rukuni. Zakuna suna tafiya a hankali kuma ba za su iya kwashe ganima ba na dogon lokaci, don haka babban burin su shi ne fitar da ganima zuwa ƙarshen mutuwa, kewayewa da kai hari.

Mace mai ciki ta bar girman kai a wani wuri na ɓoye, inda bayan kwana 110, ana haihuwar oneaya zuwa na marayu da na marayu. Har makonni bakwai su kadai tare da mahaifiyarsu, bayan haka zakin ya bawa zakin domin kare alfahari. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa maza, idan kowane ya kasance a cikin girman kai, sun fi yarda da 'ya'yansu fiye da mace, sun fi son yin wasa tare da su da kuma raba abin da suka mallaka.

Shekaruna nawa zakuna?

Sabili da haka - har yaushe zaki zauna cikin daji? Yin la’akari da duk abubuwan da aka ambata a sama, ya zama sarai cewa rayuwar zaki tana dogaro ne da dalilai da yawa.

A cikin daji - duk da bayyanar barazanar da gaske mummunan ƙarfi da rashin ƙarfi, waɗannan masu hasashen suna jiran haɗari da yawa, raunin da ya faru da raunin da ba su ba da gudummawar tsawan rayuwa.

Waɗannan sune maganganu tare da baƙi a wajen yankin, wanda daga baya ɗaya daga cikin zakoki ya zama mai rauni sannan kuma daga baya ya kasa nuna ƙarfi da ƙarfin azaman lokacin farauta, waɗannan hare-hare ne na wasu maƙiƙancin kama.

Waɗannan raunin ne da raunin da suka faru yayin aiwatar da farautar manyan dabbobi kamar dabbakai, bayan da dabba a zahiri ba za ta iya farauta ta ci da kyau ba, don haka ta yi tsawon rai.

Amma babbar matsalar kamar yadda ta gabata ga zaki shine har yanzu makiyaya ne. Don haka a cikin daji, matsakaiciyar rayuwar zaki shine 8-10, mafi karancin shekaru 14.

Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa zakin mata suna rayuwa fiye da shekaru fiye da maza, wataƙila saboda gaskiyar cewa basa buƙatar shiga cikin rudani tare da baƙi a wajen yankin.

Zakuna a cikin ajiyar dabbobi da wurin zoo

A ƙarshen karni na XVIII, ƙoƙarin cetar da waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin daga ƙonewa, mutane suna ƙoƙarin adana su a cikin wuraren ajiyar dabbobi da wuraren kiwon dabbobi, inda zakuna suka sami damar rayuwa da kiwo akai-akai. A lokaci guda, tsammanin rayuwarsu yana ƙaruwa sosai, daga shekaru 10-14, daga gaskiyar cewa zakuna na iya rayuwa a cikin daji, har zuwa 20 har ma har zuwa 25 ko fiye da shekaru, tare da kulawa da kulawa ta dace da kulawa da likitocin dabbobi a cikin ajiyar kaya kuma kadan kadan a cikin gidan dabbobi - yawanci game da Shekaru 20 Don haka mafi mahimmancin rayuwar dukkan zakuna a yau ya rayu shekaru 29.

Mun yi ƙoƙarin bayar da cikakkiyar amsa ga tambaya game da rayuwar rayuwa na mafi mahimmancin wakilai na cat cat, kuma tabbas dabbobi - zaki. Kuma idan ɗanku yana sha'awar rayuwar rayuwar zaki, da alama kuna iya gaya wa ɗiyanku ko 'yarku shekaru nawa zakuna suke rayuwa cikin daji, cikin ɗabi'a da kuma wurin dabbobi.

Wakilai na cat cat. Impressivean wasa mai ban sha'awa, ƙaƙƙarfan tashin hankali, tsohuwar jiki, maƙarƙashiya - duk wannan yana nuna iko mai ƙarfi da sarkin daji. Ana kiran mutanen zakuna sarakunan kurmi. Saboda haka ne kuskuren fahimtar cewa waɗannan suna rayuwa a cikin matsanancin ƙarfi na wurare masu zafi.

Yawan nauyin zaki mai girma zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 250, da kuma wata mace kilogram 150.Tsawon jikin dabbar yana daga 2.3 m zuwa 3,0 m.

Gidajen zaki

A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, zakuna sun fi yawa yawa - daukacin yankin Afirka, ban da na wurare masu zafi da hamada, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Iran, wani yanki na Turai, har ma da iyakar kudu da Rasha, Indiya. Amma farautar konkomawar zaki, yaƙe-yaƙe, ya lalata yanayin yanayin maƙar fata. Zakuna sun rasa yawancin adadin su. A cikin 1944, an samo zaki na ƙarshe a Turai a Iran - ya mutu.

Yanzu a cikin Afirka, zakuna sun mamaye yankin kudu da sanannen hamadar Sahara. A nan, cikin yanayin rayuwa mara iyaka, dabbobi suna jin dadi fiye da jin daɗi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haifuwar su. Duk da wannan, yawan zaki yana raguwa cikin sauri a kowace shekara.

A mafi ƙasƙanci na duniyar tamu - a Afirka - kusan kashi 80% na dukkan zakunan duniya suna rayuwa.

A Indiya, sarakunan daji sun mamaye yanki mai murabba'in kilomita 1,400 a Yammacin ƙasar. Sun zauna a wani yanki da ake kira Gir dajin. Abin takaici, wannan yawan 'yan' ya 'ya' yan kadan kadan - kusan mutane 360 ​​ne. Statisticsididdiga masu baƙin ciki sun tilasta wa gwamnati ta kare zakuna kuma ta yi komai don hana taɓarɓare yawan adadin kuliyoyin daji. Kuma wannan ya taka rawar gani: bisa ga bayanan kwanan nan, girman rukuni ya fara girma a hankali.

Ana ɗaukar Savannah wurin da aka fi so inda zakuna suka gwammace su zauna, amma galibi sukan zauna a wuraren da ke da yawan tsirrai da gandun daji. Mahimmanci ga zaki shine kasancewa a cikin yankin yanki na nau'ikan itacen Acacia. Wannan shuka ce da ke kiyaye garken daga zafin rana, kuma tana kubuta daga zafi da zafin rana. A cikin gandun daji m da kuma babu ruwa, zakuna ba su rayuwa.

Dalilai na halakarwa

Farin zaki yana gab da hallakarwa ta fuskoki da yawa saboda yawancin mace-macen su, saboda fararen launi yana hana su yiwuwar kamowa. Kusan sun kasa hawa kan ganima ta hanya, a lokaci guda kuma sun kasance kyakkyawar makoma ga tsuntsaye. Yana da wuya musamman ƙananan yara su rayu, waɗanda ke tsaye a matsayin farin wuri a kan tushen savannah. Namiji, da ya manyanta, ana korar shi daga girman kai don ƙirƙirar nasa. Amma farin zaki kusan bashi da damar tsira shi kaɗai.

Karewar jama'a

A kokarin kiyaye adon zakuna, babban abin kirki ya shafi cibiyoyin dabbobi. Akwai layin halittar jini da yawa wadanda ke cikin gidajen dabbobi a Afirka, Amurka, Kanada da Jamus. Kada ka manta cewa farin zaki, hoton da kuke iya gani a cikin wannan labarin, ba wata talla ce ta daban ba, kawai bambanta ce ta canza launin zaki na Afirka. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana buƙatar kare gaba ɗaya na zakunan Afirka.

A cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, inda galibin farin zakuna ke zaune a yau, ana amfani da guguwar kusanci, wanda ke da haɗari sosai ga lafiyar mutanen da ke zuwa. Don haka, dole ne a yi duk mai kokarin ganin an maido da yawan jama’ar ta dabi’ar.

Farin zaki a yau

Dangane da sabbin bayanan da aka samu, akwai kasa da mutane dari uku a duk duniya a yau. Wannan, hakika, ƙanƙanuwa ne, amma idan kayi la'akari da cewa shekaru arba'in da suka gabata akwai uku daga cikinsu, sakamakon aikin da aka yi don kare alumma suna bayyane. A cikin 70s na ƙarni na karshe, an yanke shawarar ne don samo tabbacin labarin almara na mutanen Afirka game da kasancewar irin wannan dabba da baƙon abu kamar zaki. Babu wasu hotuna ko wata shaida da ke tabbatar da wanzuwar su; an gudanar da bincike ne a zahiri. Kuma a cikin Tsabtace Tsuntsayen daji na Timbavati, an gano zaki da zaki biyu yayin shekaru takwas. An sanya su a cikin ajiyayyar. Kuma a yau, wani ɓangare na farin zaki yana zaune a cikin babbar hanyar Sanbona Nature Reserve, wanda ke Afirka ta Kudu. Anan an kare su, basa tsoron masu fashin baki, cututtuka da yunwa.

Labarun tatsuniyoyi

Akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa iri iri game da zakuna na farin launi a cikin adabin Afirka. Waɗannan dabbobin ana ɗaukar su manzannin allah ne na Sun, kuma duk wanda ya sami damar ganin su aƙalla kaɗan zai sami lafiya, sa'a da farin ciki. Ana ganin fararen zakuna a Afirka ta Kudu wata alama ce ta hasken rana, nagarta, mai iya kare mutane daga yaki, cuta da wariyar launin fata. Kuma tunda kuna iya ganin wannan kyakkyawar halitta ta yanayi kawai a yankin Timbavati, an kuma ɗaukaka wannan wurin zuwa matsayi mai tsarki. An fassara shi, sunan shi yana nufin "wurin da zakunan taurari suka sauko daga sama".

Kalaman farko game da farin zakuna ya bayyana shekaru ɗari huɗu da suka wuce lokacin da Sarauniya Nambu ke sarauta. Legend yana da cewa tauraro ya fado daga sararin sama, kuma daga wannan lokacin dabbobi masu launi daban-daban sun fara bayyana a gundumar tare da yawan da ba a taɓa gani ba. Akwai farin giwa, damisa har ma da giwaye. Suna ci gaba da haihuwar su lokaci-lokaci a yau. Amma ainihin zakoki ne da suka zama dabbobi masu alfarma, baƙar fata da fararen fata yayin haihuwa ko tare da ƙamshin ruwan lemu waɗanda suka juye da shekaru zuwa farin fararen dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ya haifar da almara.

Ofayansu ya faɗi cewa duk shekara ɗari ana haihuwar farin zaki, yana fitowa daga wani daga cikin daji na Afirka. Incrediblearfin mamaki na sama yana ɓoye a idanunsa. An ɗauke shi a matsayin mai tsaro na allahntaka. Kisan wannan dabbar mai ban mamaki ana ɗauka shine mafi girman zunubi, alama ce ta rashin girmamawa ga duk mazaunan Nahiyar Afirka.

An jera farin zaki a cikin Littafin Ruwa kuma suna ƙarƙashin kariyar hukuma. Ta wannan hanyar ne kaɗai za a iya tsira yawan waɗannan dabbobin.

Leo - halaye da kwatanci

Bayyana irin wannan dabba kamar zaki, ya zama dole a bayar da kwatancin sa. Yawancin nau'ikan suna da ɗan bambanta da juna, amma suna da abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya.

Dabbar tana cikin gidan cat, sabili da haka, a cikin bayyanar ta, yana da kama da kuliyoyin gida, kawai sun wuce girman su. Yana daya daga cikin manyan wakilan wannan dangi, na biyu kawai ga damisa.

Jikin dabbar nan mai sauƙin kai ne, kuma yana da jujjuyawa, suna da ingantattun tsokoki na ƙafafun kafa da wuya. A kan kafafunsa akwai farar fata, tsawonsa ya kai cm 7. Shugaban kansa babba ne, tare da makarkata mai tsawo da jaws. Fanarfin salo masu tsayi (kusan 8 cm), yawan hakora 30. Waɗannan sifofin suna ba da zaki ga farautar manyan wuraren kiwo. Harshen yana rufe da dunƙule, saboda godiya ga wanda zaki iya tsabtace ulurta daga datti da kawar da kwari.

A kan kashin baki akwai wasu mustaches, a gindi wanda akwai wasu kananan duhu duhu. Wadannan aibobi suna samar da abin da ya bambanta kowace dabba. Cubs an haife su da tabo, amma yayin da suke tsufa, tabo daga jikinsu ya ɓace, kuma launi na suttura ya zama irinta - launin ruwan kasa ko yashi. A ƙarshen wutsiyar dabbar akwai bakin 'yar karamar baƙi.

Babban fasalin wannan nau'in dabbobi shine dimbar jima'i. Namiji da zaki suna da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci. Misali, zaku iya fadawa nawa zaki sha kan matsakaici, ba da sanin jinsi na wani mutum ba. Maza sun fi gaban mace girma da nauyi. Bugu da kari, an kawata kawunansu da bulaguro, wanda ya fara girma a cikin zakin zaki yana dan shekara 6. Tsawon tari da yawa na mane sun dogara da shekaru da halayen ƙwayoyin halittar jini.

Nawa zaki nawa?

Yadda gwargwadon zaki ya hau kan matsakaita ya dogara da halayen rayuwarsa. Amma jinsi musamman yana shafar wannan alamar. An ba da bambance-bambance a cikin babban sigogi a cikin tebur.

Duk da girmanta, wannan maƙaddara tana da girman girman zuciya. Saboda haka, ba za a iya kiran zaki da wuya ba. Yana da ikon yin gudu zuwa 80 km / h, amma yana nasara da ƙananan nisa kawai.

Siffofin rayuwa da mazauni

Ba da kwatancen kowane dabba, kuna buƙatar la'akari ba kawai bayyanar ta ba. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a gano tsawon lokacin da zaki ya rayu da inda yake zaune.

Babu karancin wurare da irin wannan dabba kamar zaki. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rarraba ta ya ragu sosai. A baya, an samo wannan dabbar ba kawai a Afirka da Indiya ba, kamar yadda yake a yanzu, har ma a cikin Iran, Russia, kudancin Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Amma an kashe wani yanki mai mahimmanci na yawan jama'a, kuma yanayi a yankuna da yawa ya zama bai dace da rayuwarsu ba. Don haka, daga duk wuraren da ake iya ganin waɗannan dabbobin, a yanzu zaki yana rayuwa ne kawai a yankin kudanci na Afirka (a hamadar Sahara) da kuma jihar Indiya ta Gujarat. Mafi dacewa da su sune savannas, gandun daji ko ciyawa.

Mutane sun haɗa kai cikin ƙananan garken - prides. Girman kai ya ƙunshi mata 5 ko 6, waɗanda ke tsakanin danginsu, da yarinta da namiji. A wasu guraben, akwai wasu maza biyu idan sun kasance 'yan'uwan juna ne. Youngan samari, da suka manyanta, sun bar girman kai (an kore su). Suna da damar da za su shiga cikin wani girman kai ko ƙirƙirar nasu. Wasu daga cikinsu suna yin rayuwar mai loner.

Me zaki ci?

Nawa ne zakin zaki ko na zaki ya danganta ne da halayen abincinsu. Tunda zaki makiyayi ne, yakan jagoranci rayuwar farauta, cin manyan dabbobi. Zasu iya zama:

deer, boars daji, kwari, kwari, zebras, buffalos, raƙumi, dabbobi.

A lokuta da dama, dabba na iya kaiwa hari ga dako ko karamin giwa. Haka kuma, mara lafiya cheetahs, ጅቦች da damisa na iya zama ganima.

A farauta, zaki ya yi nasara. An rarrabe su ta hanyar lalata da tasirinta. Farauta ta fi wahala ga maza saboda girmanta da kuma rawar baƙin ƙarfe. Koyaya, namiji yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci. Wani ɗan zaki ya ci kusan kilo 7 na nama a rana, yayin da mace take buƙatar kilo 5 kawai. Wadannan dabbobin sun gwammace farauta da daddare, suna nishi sama sama da wanda aka azabtar har zuwa mafi nisa.

Kiwo zaki

Haihuwar cikin zakuna ba a haɗa shi da lokacin shekara ba, amma yana farawa da balaga. Maza yana dan shekara 6 da mace kuma yana da shekaru 4 ana dauke su da jima'i.

Maza suna yin gwagwarmaya don mata. Wasu lokuta waɗannan faɗawar suna da ƙarfi sosai har mai yin gasa ya mutu.

Tsawon lokacin daukar ciki a cikin wadannan dabbobi shine kwanaki 110. Jim kadan kafin haihuwa, zakin ya bar girman kai kuma ya buya. Tana iya haihuwar cuba 1-4an 1-4, wanda nauyinsa ya yi ƙasa da kilo 2. 'Ya'yan zaki suna haihuwar makaho, kuma suna buɗe idanunsu ne kwana 7 kacal bayan haihuwa. Don dalilan tsaro, uwa ta canza wurin zama a lokuta da yawa, tare da 'ya'yanta. Tana cikin farauta, kuma tana ciyar da jarirai da madara. Horar da matasa farauta suna farawa tun yana dan watanni 1.5, sa’annan gaba daya dangi suka shiga alfahari. Da farkon farauta, sannu-sannu zaki cinye nama, kodayake tsawon lokacin ciyar da madara ya ɗauki watanni shida.

Rayuwar zaki

Daya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan kwatancen wadannan dabbobin shine tambayar yaushe zaki yayi rayuwa. Don amsa shi, kuna buƙatar la'akari da yanayi da yawa. Yaya tsawon lokacin da zaki ya dogara da irin waɗannan abubuwan:

Habitat. Mafi kyawun yanayin rayuwa, tsawon lokacinsa. Kusanci ga mutane. A kusanci da mutane, hadarin murkushe waɗannan dabbobin da taƙaita rayuwarsu yana ƙaruwa. Siffofin rayuwa. Mabuƙan mutane suna rayuwa ƙasa da waɗanda suke na girman kai. Paul Tsawon rayuwar mace yana da tsawo fiye da na maza, tunda ba sa fuskantar haɗarin mutuwa yayin faɗa tare da sauran zakuna.

Duk waɗannan abubuwan sun shafi yadda zaki yake rayuwa. Sabili da haka, rayuwar rayuwarsu ta bambanta sosai. A matsakaita, shekaru 8-10 ne. Wasu mutane suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 14.

Nawa zaki rayu yana tasiri sosai da halayen mutane. Yana da tasiri mai yawa fiye da sauran dalilai. Idan mutane ba su nemi halakar da waɗannan dabbobin ba, to, tsawon lokacin rayuwarsu yana ƙaruwa. Ana iya samun sakamako mafi girma ta hanyar tsara yanayin rayuwa mai dacewa ga dabbobi, alal misali, ajiyar dabbobi ko wuraren kiwon dabbobi. A wannan yanayin, zakuna na iya rayuwa 20 har ma da shekaru 25, saboda likitocin dabbobi suna kallon su.

Iri zaki

Nawa ne zaki ya dogara da nau'ikan wannan dabbar. Akwai zaki da yawa a cikin zakin, kowannensu ya bambanta cikin takamaiman fasali, mazaunin rayuwa, yanayin rayuwa da tsawon rayuwarsa. Wasu mukamai na wannan dabba sun riga sun lalace, wasu kuma suna matakin karewa. Haka kuma akwai wasu nau'ikan tsiro da yawa da suka haifar da giciye tare da damisa, damisa, ko kuma jaguars.

Zaki Asiya

Masana kimiyya sun gano manyan hanyoyin 8, ɗayan ɗayan shine zaki Asiatic. Wani sunan kuma shi ne dan asalin Faris din (ko Indiya). Zakin Asiya yana zaune ne a Kudancin Eurasia. Babban mazauninta shine Girsky Reserve a jihar Gujarat ta Indiya. Ana daukar zaki ɗan Asiya a matsayin ƙarancin haɗari. Wannan kamfani ya bayyana shi ne ta hanyar squat. Maza sun fi mita nesa ba tsayi. Saboda rawar hannu da kuma saukin yanayi, zaki na Asiya baya da girma kamar wakilan ƙasashen Afirka. Girman jikin mutum ya kai kilogiram 160 zuwa 190, zakin yakan yi nauyi kilo 90-120. Tsawon jikin mutum 2 - 2.5 m. Babban zaki na Asiya yana da tsawon m 2.92.

Zakin Afirka

Sauran jinsunan ana samun su ne a yankin Afirka, wanda saboda hakan dukkansu ana iya danganta su da ƙasashen zaki na Afirka. Ana nuna su da wasu fasali na yau da kullun, alal misali, dimorphism na jima'i, launi na gashi, fasali na rayuwa da haifuwa, da sauransu. Bambanci na iya zama cikin girma da nauyin jiki.

Bariki. Wannan tallafin shine mafi girma. A baya can, ta zauna a duk faɗin Afirka, amma yanzu an gama da ita gaba ɗaya. Mazajen maza suna da nauyin kilogram 270, mace - har zuwa 170. A halin yanzu, a cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi da wuraren ajiyar dabbobi zaka iya ganin zuriyar waɗannan dabbobin, amma ba za'a iya kira su tsarkaka ba.

Senegal. Wannan kuma ɗan zaki ne, wanda ke zaune a yammacin nahiyyar. Girman waɗannan dabbobi ƙanana ne, launi na gashi yana da sauƙi. Maza suna da kusan babu maciya, ko kuma gajere ne. Kuna iya saduwa da wakilan wannan tallafin a Najeriya, Guinea da Senegal. Ana ganin zakunan Senegal suna cikin haɗari.

Kasar Kongo. An nuna shi ta dukkan alamu na waje wanda ke bambanta zaki na Afirka. Wurin zama shi ne savannah a arewa maso gabashin Kongo. Yawan wadannan dabbobi a hankali yana raguwa.

Masai. In ba haka ba, ana kiranta Gabashin Afirka. Ya bambanta da sauran iri ta hanyar dogon paws. An kunna dabarunsu. Tsawon jikin namiji shine 2.5-3 m, mace - 2.3-2.6 m Waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune a cikin Uganda, Zambia da Mozambique. Ana samun dimbin zaki daga Masai a cikin Yanayin Masai Mara na ƙasar Kenya.

Katanga. Wannan nau'in yana kan gab da ƙarewa. Yawancinsu suna zaune ne a kudu maso yammacin Afirka (Zimbabwe, Angola). A cikin tsayi, maza manya sun kai 3.1 m, mata - 2.65 m.

Transvaalsky. Waɗannan baƙin zaki ne. A cikin wakilan wannan tallafin akwai wasu mutane waɗanda fatar jikinsu da mayafinsu babu melanocytes. Saboda wannan, suna da farin gashi da ruwan hoda. Zaki na iya kasancewa tsawon tsayi daga 2.6 zuwa 3.2 m, zaki - 2.35-2.65 m. Zakin zaki yana zaune a Kudancin Afirka (hamada Kalahari). An kuma ajiye su a cikin Kruger National Park.

Cape. An lalata wannan nau'in dabbobi a cikin karni na 19. Sun zauna a Cape of Good Hope (kudancin Afirka). Cwararrun jinsunan sune baƙar fata na kunnuwa da kasancewar mane akan ciki da kafadu.

Wannan rarrabuwa ba ita kaɗai ba ce. Akwai wasu waɗanda waɗanda masana kimiyya zasu iya ƙarawa.

Iri masu ban sha'awa

Abin lura shine irin waɗannan dabbobin da yawa kamar zaki. Ba shi da kama sosai da sauran danginsa, sun bambanta da girma da kuma wurin zama. Zakin dutsen yana da yawa a cikin Amurka. Jikinsa tsawon tsayi daga 1 zuwa 1.8 m, nauyi yana iya kaiwa kilogiram 105. Wannan ya fi ƙasa da sauran ƙananan tallafin. Hakanan, zaki mai dutse bashi da dabara. Canza launi na iya bambanta daga taupe zuwa tan.Matasan cougars an haife su da duhu duhu da ratsi a jiki, amma bayan watanni 9 na rayuwa, waɗannan alamomin sun fara bushewa. Zakin dutsen yana son zama shi kaɗai. Banda shi ne lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi da kuma lokacin girma da zuriya.

Wani tallafin da zai iya zama mai ban sha'awa shine zakin kogon. An haɗa shi a cikin wasu rarrabuwa, duk da cewa zaki ɗan kogo nau'in halitta ne, kuma ya mutu shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. A lokacin rayuwa, waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune Siberiya da Turai. Zakin kogon yana daya daga cikin magadan zaki na zamani. Zakin kogon ya fi girman zuriyar sa. Idan kun yarda da hotunan waɗannan dabbobin, basu da dabara, ko ƙanƙane. Ba a san daidai ba, amma akwai ɗauka cewa wannan ragin na dabbobi ma ya kasance cikin haɗin gwiwa.

Duk da sunan ta, zaki kogon bai taɓa rayuwa a cikin kogo ba. Tsofaffi da marasa lafiya ne suka zaɓe su ba da jimawa ba kafin mutuwa, saboda wanda aka samo adadin adadin ragowar waɗannan dabbobin a wurin. Saboda haka, zaki wannan kogon mai suna kenan. Zakin kogon yana neman barewa da beyar. Wadannan masana kimiyyar suna bayanin halakar wadannan dabbobi. Da farkon dumamar yanayi, yawan bea da barewa sun ragu, kuma zaki ba da ɗanɗano zuwa wani abinci.

Baki da fari zakuna

Zaki shine irin wannan dabbar, a cikin abin da zaku iya ganin fasali masu ban sha'awa da yawa. Featureaya daga cikin fasalin yana canza launi. Wasu rarrabuwa kan ambaci iri irin su zaki da zaki mai zaki. Amma wannan kuskure ne. Idan zaki da duhu ko baƙon fata na ainihi ne, to kuwa ana ɗaukar dabbobin fari masu launin fari ko baƙi.

A lokaci guda, ba za a iya cewa zaki da launin canza launi almara ba ne. Akwai maye gurbi da ake kira leukism. Saboda ita, gashin dabbobi ya zama fari. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon karancin melanocytes. Sakamakon shi ne bayyanar irin wannan dabba kamar farin zaki. Ana iya ɗauka cewa wannan ɗan zaki ne, amma launi na idanun sa, wanda zai iya zama ruwan shuɗi ko na zinariya, in ji akasin haka.

Zakin fari kusan bai bambanta da halayenta daga wasu wakilan nau'in ba. Yana da ɗan girma fiye da sauran. Yawan nauyinsu zai kai kilo 310, kuma tsawon jikin namiji ya wuce m 3. Matan irin wadannan dabbobi ba su da karanci - 2.7 m. Zaki da fararen gashi ya canza launi kadan yayin rayuwa, kuma da shekaru jikinsa ya sami inuwa na hauren giwa.

Zakin zaki, a cewar masana kimiyya da yawa, baya cikin yanayin. Suna la'akari da hotuna da bidiyo na irin waɗannan dabbobin da aka ci karo da su a cikin hanyar sadarwa sakamakon harbi a cikin duhu ko ta aiki na musamman. Wasu suna ba da shawarar cewa, sabanin albinism, akwai wani sabon abu na melanism, wanda yawancin launuka ya bayyana a gashin dabba. Wannan mai yiwuwa ne tare da jaguars da damisa. Sakamakon tsallakewa, zaki da duhu inuwa na iya haihuwa, amma wannan haɗari ne kawai, sabili da haka, ba lallai ba ne a raba irin waɗannan dabbobi zuwa wata ƙungiya dabam.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da zakuna

Yawancin ƙananan hukumomin wannan dabbar suna fuskantar barazanar lalata, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka ƙunshi shi cikin yanayin ajiyar. Abubuwan da mutane suke da farin canza launi ba su da yawa saboda ɓangaren gaskiyar cewa yana da matukar wahala a gare su daidaita da yanayin muhalli. Launin su yana hana sake kamannin al'ada.

Waɗannan dabbobin suna wakiltar ikon sarauta, ƙarfin zuciya, girma, iko da ƙarfi a cikin al'adu da yawa.