Doki Mustang ya bayyana a karni na 16. Sunansa a cikin fassara daga Sifenanci da harsunan da ke da alaƙa da ma'anar “babu wani mutum, daji, faɗa da baya”, wanda ke nuna asalin asalin wannan adadin. Waɗannan dawakai na gida ne na farar fata, galibi suna zaune ne a ƙasashen Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka.
Tarihin farauta
Wurin haifuwar wannan nau'in shine Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka. A nan, manyan garken dabbobi masu alfarma sun tafi tare da babban pampas. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa tarihin waɗannan dawakan suna cikin nutsewa cikin tsufa, amma, saboda dalilai da ba'a sani ba, jinsi ya mutu kusan shekaru da yawa da suka gabata.
Bayan ci gaban nahiyar, dabbobi ma sun sake yin magana game da su. Rikice-rikice da gwagwarmaya sun haifar da bayyanar dawakai na daji a cikin waƙoƙin - dawakai masu firgita sun gudu, suna fifita nisanta daga mutane. 'Yan gudun hijirar sun hallara a garken, suna masu haɓaka sosai, wanda ya haifar da karuwar jama'a.
A tsawon lokaci, dawakai daji sun zama abu mai farauta, yawan dawakai sun fara raguwa cikin sauri. Isticsididdiga sun ce kusan mustangs dubu 30 suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasar Amurkan, farauta wanda doka ta haramta kuma doka ta hukunta shi.
Mustangs a Al'adun
A cikin al'adun mutanen da ke zaune a nahiyoyin Amurka, Mustangs ya bar alama mai haske. Dawakai suna nuna alamar 'yanci da ƙishirwa na' yanci. Akwai wasu tatsuniyoyi da yawa waɗanda suka ce dabbobi masu fahariya sun gwammace su jefa kansu daga kan duwatsun zuwa mutuwa fiye da fadawa hannun mutum.
Ana samun dawakai masu girman kai a zane-zane da hotuna. Duk inda aka nuna mustangs a cikin tsalle-tsalle mara kyau, tare da maɓallin haɓaka, tare da yanayi na musamman. Wannan duk wani tabbaci ne game da yadda dawakan nan masu tawaye, masu fahariya da ƙaunar ƙauna ta 'yanci suka san su.
A waje
Dawakai tsofaffi ba manya bane. Tsawon tsinkaye a ƙusoshi ba ya wuce mita ɗaya da rabi. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine nauyin 350-380. Godiya ga tsinkayen mara nauyi, dawakai sun sami damar bunkasa saurin ban mamaki kuma suna shawo kan kilomita 50 cikin awa daya.
Wani fasali na irin shine sihirinsa mai karfi. Yawancin mustang kasusuwa sau da yawa ana kwatanta su da dutse.
Farin mustangs
Fararen dawakai ana kiransu fatalwa fatalwa, saboda haka sun zama cikakke ne kuma ba za'a iya musgunawa ba. A cikin tatsuniyoyi, dawakai masu farin dusar kankara suna da iyawa mai ban mamaki har ma kusan tunanin mutum. Comanche Indiyawan sun riƙe fararen dawakai cikin girmamawa; saboda launi mai ban al'ajabi, an ɗauke su da cancantan manyan shugabanni.
Mustangs na Sifen
Kafin Columbus ta gano Amurka, wannan yawan ba ta da yawa - har zuwa burin dubu 1. A yau, dawakai Mutanen Espanya babban rashi ne, akwai kusan babu wanda ya rage. Fasalin fasalin:
- kai tsaye
- gajere
- tsayi - har zuwa 1.2 m,
- daidaitattun siffofin
- kananan kunnuwa
- kafafu masu ƙarfi.
Dawakai suna halin haɓaka da ƙarfin hali kuma suna iya cin nasara fiye da kilomita 200 a cikin canji ɗaya.
Rayuwa da Hadin-kai
Rayuwar Mustang abu ne mai ban sha'awa - masu girman kai "savages" suna bayyanar da halin saukakewa, haɓakaccen halayya da fitattun bayanai na jiki. Shekaru da yawa, an yi nazarin dawakai a hankali, amma kuma yanzu sababbin sababbin abubuwa suna buɗewa.
Girgiza kai da fushi
Halin da dawakai ke cikin daji an kafa shi cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Godiya ga wannan, an bambanta dawakai ta hanyar ƙaruwa da ƙarfin aiki. Ba duk mahaya da ke da gogewa sun sami damar magance kyakkyawa - Mustangs sun san jagoranci a mutum da kyar.
Sau da yawa dawakai a fili suna nuna rashin jituwa ga mutane. An zaɓi mai shi da kansa, sau ɗaya kuma duka. Submitaddamarwa, dokin ya juya ya zama aboki na gaske. Baya ga maigidan, dabba ba zai shigar da ko da wanda aka saba da shi ba.
Abincin
Dawakai duwatsun suna kwance ba'a abinci. Mustangs suna ciyar da ganyen bishiyoyi da ciyawa, ciyawa, rassan bishiyoyi. An canja dawakai masu tamed zuwa abincin musamman - cakuda ciyawa, hay, hatsi. Dabba yakan ci har kilogram 3 na abinci a kowace rana. Abin da aka fi so a cikin Mustang shine karas mai crispy da sukari. Dawakai kuma suna jin daɗin ɗanɗano na burodi ko apple.
Kiwo
Lokacin damuna na dawakai na daji yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon bazara. Namiji ya rinjayi mace a cikin tsauri. Wanda ya ci nasara tare da kyakkyawa da ake so, kuma bayan watanni 11 maƙaryacin ya bayyana. 'Ya'yan mustangs biyu masu wuya Kimanin watanni shida, jariri ya ci madarar uwa, sannan ya sauya zuwa makiyaya.
Shin zai yiwu a horar da mustang?
Arfafa doki na daji yana da matukar wahala. Saboda halayyar girman kai, halin wahala, za ku ciyar da makamashi da yawa don juya doki ya zama aboki. An lura cewa dabbobin da aka hako cikin bauta ana iya tarko su, amma kuma a wannan yanayin babu tabbacin cewa mutum mai kyan gani zaiyi biyayya ga mutum.
Kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, raka'a suna sarrafawa don samun amincin doki na saura. Idan kayi lasso savage kuma ka sadar dashi cikin jigilar kaya ta musamman zuwa barga, abu ne mai sauki, to lallai zaka iya fuskantar matsaloli masu matukar wahala. Doki da aka saba da shi na 'yanci bai san sirdi ba, hanyar taming zai ɗauki ƙoƙari da yawa kuma yana buƙatar haƙuri mai ban mamaki.
Ko da ya juya don tafiya a kusa da mustang, a sakamakon hakan zai yuwu a sami doki mai cikakken kyau tare da halaye masu ƙima. Don adalci, ya dace a lura cewa dokin yana da babban gudu, ƙarfi da ƙyamar fassara. Rashin dacewar doki mai sihiri a hali ne mara kyau wanda ba safai ake canza shi ba, da matsakaita wasan motsa jiki.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da dawakai na daji
Akwai bayanai masu yawa da suka danganci waɗannan dabbobi. Nazarin almara, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, wanda bincike daga masana kimiyya ya tabbatar, zai kawo wasu mintoci masu dadi. Da wuya a ce dabba ta gwada shi da mustang dangane da salon rayuwa da kuma nufin 'yanci.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa mafi ban sha'awa:
- Babban abokin gaba na Mustang shi ne mutum. Shekaru da yawa ana ta kai hare-hare kan dabbobi, an bi dawakai ta kowace hanya ta hawa, ciki har da helikofta. Dawakai sun lalata daruruwan-fata - mallakin da ke da ƙarfin ƙaruwa, da kuma ɗumbin nama sun ba da kyawawan mazaje daji abin farauta. Rushewar yawan mustangs ya daina zama bayan an dakatar da dokar sannan kuma aka gabatar da sharadin masu laifi.
- Mustangs suna tattarawa cikin manyan garken shanu, wanda a koyaushe akwai jagora da babbar mace. Aikin namiji shi ne kariya daga garken tumaki da kariya daga makiya. Mace ita ce babba “mataimaki”, wanda dole ne ya jagoranci dabbobi marasa lafiya, kananan dabbobi da sauran mazaje daga yaƙin.
- Tare da ƙara haɗari, garken ya haifar da "da'irar mutuwa." Fals, dawakai da tsofaffin dawakai sun zama cibiyar, dawakansu tsofaffi suna jujjuya mahaifa ga makiya don amfani da mummunar makamin da ke jujjuyawa.
- Horseswararrun dawakai suna zaune tare da garken har zuwa shekaru uku. Bayan ya kai shekaru mafi rinjaye, an kori maƙaryacin don a iya haɗa shi da ƙaramin dangi. Yawancin lokaci garken mustangs ya ƙunshi raga 15-25.
- Rayuwa cikin yanayin halitta na mustangs yana da matuƙar wahala - ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a sami abinci a yankuna inda dawakai ke zaune. Dawakai sun yi tafiya mai nisa domin neman abinci da ruwa, galibi dole ne su mamaye wuraren burodi a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da sauran dabbobin.
- Don haɓaka mustang a zaman talala, kuna buƙatar yanki mai yawa - aƙalla kadada biyu na makiyaya kowace doki. Idan makircin ya karami, ƙasar za ta yi sauri, za a share fage.
- A cikin daji, mustangs sun koya canzawa zuwa yanayin da zai iya ceton kuzari da ƙarfi, wanda yakan faru a lokacin hunturu. Babu ƙarancin abinci, dawakai suna da tushen da ganyayyaki da suka faɗi, ciyawa a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, don guje wa asarar nauyi ana samun shi ta hanyar rage kuzarin makamashi da kuma ikon tara abubuwan gina jiki.
Wata hujja mai ban sha'awa ita ce bayan an kai shekara uku, ba duk tsaunukan barin garken ba. Dawakai da dawakai masu karfi sunyi nasarar tafiya tare da jagora. Idan sun sami nasarar lashe, maye gurbin sa kuma ya zama sabon shugaba.
Mustangs sune mafi kyawun dabbobi waɗanda suke faranta musu rai, bayyanar su, yanayi. Wadannan kyawawan 'yan tawaye za a iya kira su da amincin darajar mutumci da alheri, alama ce ta' yanci. Kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, doki na iya zama babban aboki, kodayake ba kowane mahaya ne ke da isasshen haƙuri da ƙarfi don samun girmamawa da sanin dokin daji ba.
Tarihin Mustang
Lokacin da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Spain suka isa Amurka a cikin karni na 16, sun kawo dawakai tare da su. Aka saki dabbobi masu rauni, wasu kuma suka yaqi kashe garke, da haka aka samar da yawan dawakai na gida, wanda a hankali ya girma.
Garkunan daji da farko sun zama abincin Indiyawan, amma nan da nan suka koyi amfani da dawakai azaman hanyar sufuri, suna bin misalin Turawa. Sun dauki dabbobi da tabo a goshi mai tsarki. Indiyawan sun koyar da dawakansu don yin biyayya da su a fili, basu taɓa yin amfani da doki ba, kuma a maimakon su zazzaɓi sai suka yi amfani da kunkuntar bel, wacce ba su ma dorawa yayin hawa ba. Dawakan sun mayarda martani ga kowane mahayi da mai rada.
Yawan mustangs ya karu cikin sauri har zuwa farkon karni na 19. Mafi yawan ɓangaren abin da aka mayar da hankali a Kudancin Amurka - a Argentina da Paraguay. Akwai kusan babu dabbobin daji a wajan baƙon Amurka, don haka babu abin da ke barazanar dawakai. A wancan lokacin, adadin dawakai kamar doki ya kai mutum miliyan biyu, amma nan da nan lamarin ya canza.
Mass hallakashin mustangs
A cikin ƙarni na 19-20, dawakai na daji suka zama abun farauta. An kashe su saboda nama da konkoma karãtunsa fãtun. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, wani yanki mai mahimmanci na dabbobin ya mutu. Dalili na biyu na raguwar jama'a shine rashin makiyaya. A cewar alkaluman hukuma, a yau adadin mustangs yakai kimanin mutane dubu 10-20.
Hankali! A shekara ta 1971, hukumomin Amurkan sun ɗauki matakan kiyaye dawakai na daji ta hanyar zartar da dokar hana kisan su.
Siffar Mustang na waje
Mustangs bai bambanta da manyan girma ba. Tsawonsu shine 1.5 m, kuma nauyi - 400 kg. Zuriyar dabbobin Andalus dawakai sunada:
- bushe jiki
- matsakaici mai girman kai tare da goshi babba da madaidaiciyar bayanin martaba,
- m nonon mama da kuma wata gabar jiki mai ƙarfi da mama,
- gajere
- ort wani dan abu mai sauƙin juyawa tare da tsokoki da aka ayyana.
Ana sanyan mustangs ta bay, keɓaɓin ko launi ja. Hakanan akwai mutane tare da baƙar fata, ana ɗaukar su mafi kyau.
Bambanci tsakanin dawakan feral da dawakai na gida
A waje, mustangs ya bambanta da dawakai na gida kawai girman su - sun ɗan fi girma fiye da kakanninsu. Amma a yanayi da halayyar, akwai fasali da yawa:
- lafiya,
- ƙarfin hali,
- ikon da ba a bayyana ba
- babban gudu gudu
- unpretentiousness a cikin abun ciki,
- rashin bin doka
- shakuwa.
Hankali! Doki na Mustang bai saba da yin biyayya ga mutum ba, yana da wuya mutum ya yi hulɗa. Waɗannan dawakan suna da wuyar horarwa da horarwa, amma har yanzu wasu mutane suna yin nasara. Dawakai marasa kunya suna buƙatar girmama kansu kuma basu yarda da ladabi ba.
Mustang (doki): bayanin
Mustangs dabbobi ne masu iko, jinin kwalliyar Indiya, Mutanen Espanya, Faransa, dawakai na Jamusawa suna gudana a cikin jijiyoyinsu. Sakamakon wannan, sutturar su ta bambanta sosai. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana samun launuka masu launin ja, keɓaɓa da bay. Akwai kuma bulanaya, palomino, appaloosa mustang (doki), hoton yana tabbatar da wannan nau'ikan launuka masu ban mamaki.
Thearfin mustang ya kai kilogiram 500, ga ƙhersƙasassun - cm 130-150. Tsarin jiki saboda magabatan daban an bayyana shi daban, wuyansa da baya suna gajeru, mayunun suna ɗan faɗi kaɗan.
Habitat
Kyakkyawan irin nau'ikan dawakai shine dawakai na mustang. Abin takaici, a wasu jihohi waɗannan dabbobin sun ɓace. Yanzu adadinsu yakai kimanin burin dubu talatin. Yawancin waɗannan kyawawan abubuwan suna zaune a Nevada. An yi imani da cewa su ne tarihin tarihi na Yammacin Amurka.
Duk da lakabin girmamawa, wasu manoma ba sa son Mustang dawakai su kasance kusa da ƙasarsu, suna gaskata cewa suna jan ciyawa da aka yi niyya don dabbobi. Masana ilimin kimiyya suna ba da amsar su ga irin wannan mummunan ra'ayi game da dawakai na daji: "mustangs suna zaune a wurare masu tsaunukan canjin yanayin ƙasa, irin wannan ƙasa gaba ɗaya bai dace da dabbobi ba." Daga wannan yana biye da cewa dawakai masu kyauta ba sa tsangwama tare da manoma kwata-kwata.
Rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta
Mustang doki ne da yawancin mutane ke sani kawai daga fina-finai, zane-zane, hotuna da litattafai. Amma ko da daga wannan zai iya fahimtar yadda daji, girman kai da rashin tsari wannan nau'in yake! A cikin yanayin halitta, mustangs na iya rayuwa shekaru 20-25. Suna zaune a cikin garken dabbobi na 15-20, kowanne irin wannan doki yana karkashin jagorancin shugaban dutsen guda ɗaya, shekarun sa dole ne ya zama aƙalla shekaru shida. Gwai ne kawai zaibi saurayi mai ƙwarewa.
Jagora yana ƙasa da mace tare da ɗabi'un maza da mata. Garkunan sun sarrafa yankunanta, a kai kuma su ke kula da ita daga baƙi da ba a ziyarta. Idan haɗari ya taso, jagorar mare zai jagoranci daukacin iyalin zuwa wuri mai natsuwa, kuma shugaban majan zai tsaya don yaƙi da abokan gaba. Idan a cikin yawancin garken makiyaya da yawa da abokan gaba suka kawo hari, to, mustangs na dukkan iyalai suna da haɗin kai don yin yaƙi tare don yankunansu.
Mustang (doki): kiwo
Daga Afrilu zuwa Yuli, mustangs suna da lokacin kiwo. Youngan’uwa matasa sun yi faɗa a tsakanin junansu don ‘yancin aure da wanda aka zaɓa, kamar yadda aka saba a cikin daji - mafi ƙarfi da cin nasara!
Mace na ɗauke da abinci na watanni 11, lokacin da mace mai ciki ta ji cewa lokaci ya yi da za ta haihu, sai ta bar garken a cikin wani hadari. A irin wannan "asibiti" na halitta an haife ƙaramin mustang. Da wuya, yara biyu ana haihuwar su lokaci daya, yawanci mace mai mustang ce ta zama mahaifiyar mata daya.
Jariri mai rauni ya zama mai rauni, kuma ba shi da taimako, yana tare da babban wahala ya tashi kan ƙafafun da ke rawar jiki don isa ga madarar uwa. Jariri na iya zama mawuyaci ga kowane mai farauta idan aka ba shi kariya, amma da farko uwa tana kulawa da amincin ɗanta, launinta yana taimaka wa jariri ya ɓoye cikin ciyawa mai tsayi. Kwanaki da yawa, mahaifiyar da yarinyar suna tare a cikin "asibitin haihuwa", amma ba shi yiwuwa a ci gaba da garken tun da daɗewa, don haka mahar ta kasance cikin sauri don komawa ga dangi tare da ƙaramin doki.
Mace Mustang tana ciyar da yaranta da madara tsawon watanni bakwai zuwa takwas. Bayan wannan lokacin, ɓoyayyun suna girma sosai, ƙafafunsu suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Har zuwa shekaru uku, matasa suna zama cikin garken tare da uwayensu, amma bayan shekara uku, jagoran maza yakan kori samari mazaje masu karfi daga dangi, ta haka zai hana yin gasa. Wani lokaci uwa yakan fita tare da ɗan akuya, amma a mafi yawan lokuta mace zata zauna da garken.
Asalin tarihi
Mustang dawakai suna cikin nau'in daji kuma makomar su ta fi wahala. An yi imani da cewa sun faru ne a kan babbar yankin Arewacin Amurka, kodayake shekaru da yawa da suka wuce duk dawakan da ke kan sa sun bace kamar wata jinsi, wato sun mutu a waje. A karni na XVIII, bayan mamayewar Mutanen Espanya daga hannun Turawan mulkin mallaka, an sake dawo da dawakai daga nan. Ativesabilar ba ta son yin amfani da dabbobi ban da na abinci, wanda aka yi da gandunan da ke zuwa wurinsu. Misali ne kawai na Spanian Spain suka shawo kan jama'ar Indiya don su kula da halaye masu amfani na dawakai - a zaman hanyar sufuri, a yaƙe-yaƙe da dabbobin farauta.
Indiyawan sun hau sarai sosai daga Sifen, ba sa buƙatar sirdi, sun yi amfani da madauki maimakon sandar kamun kifi, waɗanda ba su ma ja ba, sun gwammace su sarrafa dokin da muryar su. Tabbas, dawakai sun sami saurin yaduwa bayan wannan a cikin babban yankin. Mustangs an bar su da kayan aikin su sau da yawa bayan sun sami rauni, sun yi rauni, sun gaji, suna amfani da shi azaman cinyewa, kuma a ƙarshe sun yaƙi mutane.
Bai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa ba don waƙoƙin don cika garken ciyawar mustangs. Suna haɓaka cikin sauri, adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, kamar yadda babu a cikin masu farauta a can.
A sakamakon haka, a tsakiyar ƙarni na 19, mutane kimanin miliyan biyu suka hau dawakai kyauta. Kakanninsu suna da Andalusian, asalin larabawa, kodayake, kullun tsinkaye, har da ba tare da wakilan wakilai masu tsafta ba, sun canza mustangs akan lokaci. Haka kuma, rayuwa ta kyauta akan wakar bata bukatar wani waje na kwarai, amma juriya, saurin, karfi, da ingantacciyar lafiya suna da matukar mahimmanci.
Abinda makiya suke barazana ga rayuwar dawakai
Mustang (doki) shine ainihin ranan yabon! Me yasa, a cikin 'yan lokutan, adadinsu ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa, wadanne abokan gaba suke rage adadinsu? Abin kunya ne a fahimci cewa babban kuma mai hadarin gaske na Mustangs mutum ne. Mutane sun kashe dawakai na dogon lokaci. An yanka su don nama, sau da yawa yakan je ciyar da dabbobi. An dauki kyawawan kayan adon daji a matsayin hanya mara iyaka, saboda a cikin 1900 a Arewacin Amurka akwai kusan miliyan biyu, yanzu adadin dawakai sun ragu sosai. Mutane sun fahimci hankalinsu kuma a cikin 1959 sun dauki doka kan kare mustangs, har wa yau ana kiyaye su sosai.
Amma game da abokan gaba, na doki babba, babban abokin gaba a tsakanin magabatan shine cougar. Wolves da coyotes suma barazana ce, amma wadanda abin ya shafa sune yara da dabbobi marasa tunani ko marasa lafiya.
Halaye da fasalulluka halin saudiyya
A waje, wato, bayyanar mustangs, ana nuna shi da mai zuwa hanya:
- bai yi tsayi ba - har zuwa iyakar 1 m 53 cm, mafi ƙarancin wakilai suna da 1 cm 34 cm a ƙ witƙasassun,
- nauyin doki na girma ya bambanta daga 400 zuwa kusan kilogiram 600,
- dawakai suna da daɗi kyan gani saboda wutsiyar elongated da mane,
- jikinsu yana faɗaɗa,
- kafafu sun jingina, ba tsoka sosai.
Saurin da suke iya haɓaka ya zama abin mamaki. An tabbatar da juriyarsu daidai da gaskiyar cewa zasu iya yin ba tare da ruwa da abinci ba, yana gudana ba tsayawa har zuwa kilomita 140. Suna rayuwa har zuwa aƙalla shekaru 30.
Ab Adbuwan amfãni daga cikin irin:
- halin iyawa
- karfi jiki
- babban gudu
- ba mai yawan nema da ƙarancin kulawa,
- kyakkyawan rigakafi.
Matsaloli a cikin kiwo:
- 'yancin motsi da ikon jin hatsarin da ke sa su ma basu da aminci,
- kyakkyawan kyakkyawa ne
- Energyarfin mustang yana buƙatar hanya ta musamman, kawai gwani ne kuma mahaya mai haƙuri zai iya kulawa da irin wannan doki,
- na iya zama abokan gaba ga mutum, musamman idan ba su san mai shi ba.
Cin nasarar Mustang lamari ne mai matukar wahala, amma idan ya zabi mutum a matsayin mai shi, zai miqa wuya gare shi ya zama mai ibada. Babu sauran hanyoyin da za a ci nasara da juyayin doki. Baya ga maigidansa, ba zai tuntuɓi wasu mutane ba kuma ba zai ƙyale su su zo wurinsa ba.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da mustangs na daji
A shekara ta 1800, wani fari mai tsananin gaske ya mamaye California, a lokacin da manoma ke ganin ba a yarda da ɗaukar mustangs ba. Sakamakon haka, sun kashe dawakai daji 40,000.
A cikin shekarun 1920, an ƙara cin naman mustang a cikin abincin dabbobi da kaji. A sakamakon haka, an kiyaye kimanin fam miliyan talatin na naman doki.
A shekara ta 1971, Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka ta ba Mustang lakabin alamar rayuwa a tarihin ruhu da kuma hidimar majagaba ta yamma.
A shekara ta 1971, an zartar da wata doka wacce ta hana cutarwa, kamewa, ko kashe mustangs cikin tafiya ba tare da izini ba a cikin ƙasa mallakar jama'a.
Ana la'akari da mustangs mai matukar juriya da taurin kai, zasu iya shawo kansu a cikin rana guda har zuwa kilomita tamanin.
Mustangs suna da hankali sosai kuma masu 'yanci, tare da tunaninsu da kuma sha'awoyinsu.
Iri daban-daban
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan mustangs iri iri. Theaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki da baƙon abu shine abin da ake kira farin mustang. Fararen dawakai sun haifar da labarun labarun almara da almara na da yawa cewa daidai ne a rubuta litattafai daban daban game da su. An kira su fatalwowi da ruhun yabon. Na dogon lokaci an yi imani da cewa dokin wannan launi ba shi da wuya, yana da hankali, yana haɓaka saurin ban mamaki har ma da mutuwa.
Indiyawa ba su taɓa su ba, suna ɗaukar su wakilai ne na manyan iko, kuma suna kula da su da mutuntawa.
Harshen Sipaniyanci
Kafin mamaye Amurka ta hanyar Columbus, waɗannan dawakan suna da yawa da yawa, yanzu adadin jama'arsu ya kusan bace, bayan sun ragu zuwa ɓangarori da yawa na mutane. Wannan doki ne mai matukar inganci, kyakkyawa da falala, tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar kai, kunnuwa masu kyau, ƙafafu masu ƙarfi, daidaitawar jiki. Starfinsu mai ban mamaki ne kuma yana ba su damar rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Suna da ƙasa - har zuwa 120 cm, kwat da wando na iya zama daban.
Donskaya
Mustangs na Rasha suna zaune ne kawai a yankin Rostov, a tsibirin da ake kira Vodny. Wani garken daji ya daɗe yana rayuwa a can. Labarin bayyanarsa a can yana da ire-iren halaye:
- bayan yin fim din tare da halartar dawakai, mutane da yawa za su iya ci gaba da zama a wurin, wanda ya yi ta kashe jimlar sannan kuma ya fara jan jini,
- dawakai za su iya tserewa daga gonar ingarma da ta kasance a can, wacce ake jigilar su a wani wuri, ta fara yawan jama'arsu,
- halittar ta fara ne daga Don dawakan kyawawan kiwo, wadanda ba a amfani da su don kiwo.
Wannan garken garke yana da ban sha'awa kwarai ga kwararru, tunda ba shi da wata hulɗa da sauran dabbobi da kuma garken dabbobi kawai a cikin garken nasa. Haka kuma, ba a lura da ɓarna ba, suna yanke hukunci ta hanyar su na waje.
Hakikan waje:
- girman,
- kyakkyawan gini, mai jituwa da kyau,
- mutane masu girma dabam dabam: ja, baƙi, mulled.
Tun da magabaci masu haɗari ga dawakai ba sa rayuwa a wurin, to sai dai akwai mummunar gasa tsakanin attajirin, wanda ke karya garken zuwa garken daban daban kuma yana jagorantar mata.
Rayuwar Kayan Rayuwa
Hanyar rayuwar dabbobin daji tana da kyau sosai a duk yankuna: halayen halayensu da muhalli suna da ban mamaki. A kowane garke akwai shugaba - mutum mafi mahimmanci, doki mai shekaru shida, mafi iko da fasaha. Kafin kai wannan zamani, ba shi yiwuwa ya zama jagora, saboda kwarewar tuƙi da jagorantar garken suna da mahimmanci. Shine shugaba wanda ya dauki nauyin garkuwa da mutane, matasa da wasu mata. Bugu da kari, jagora yana da aikin kare garken daga dabbobi masu farauta, zabi wani yanki da ya dace da mazauninsa.
Idan ana gwabza yaƙi da maƙiyi, babban mare ya ɗauki garke zuwa wuri mai tsaro, shugaba kuma ya warware matsalar da abokan gaba.
Sau da yawa garken sukan kasance cikin mutum ɗaya, duk da ƙiyayyar da ta kasance a tsakaninsu. Hada garken dabbobi na iya zama haɗari, harin dabbobi masu cin nama. Wannan unionungiyar, a matsayinka na mai mulki, gajeru ne, bayan haɗari ya shuɗe, komai ya koma daidai. Dawakai nau'in daji suna haifar da rayuwar nomadic, suna da dabbobi, kuma tushen abincinsu shine ƙasan ƙafafunsa. Pa cewar masana, mustangs na daji cikakke ne kawai masu cin ganyayyaki. Dawakai suna da wuya, amma rashin shan abin sha da abinci ya zama matsala gare su. Mustangs suna tattaunawa da juna sosai, suna fitar da maƙwabta.
Amma game da kiwo, lokacin dabbar ta dace da damuna ta sauka a kan bazara-rani, saboda wannan ne lokacin da ya dace da lokacin foals don bayyana. Akwai lokuta da yawa na fadace-fadace don cinikin tsakanin turke, wanda baya faruwa a cikin dabbobin gida. Ana haihuwar mace ta kusan shekara guda - watanni 11, kuma idan lokacin haihuwa ta zo, mace ta bar garken kuma ta haihuwar ɗan amana a wani yanki mai aminci. Lokaci-lokaci biyu foals na iya bayyana lokaci guda. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haihuwa, mace ta tayar da ƙyallen, ta taimaka masa ya fara tafiya, ya sami ƙarfi. Bayan ya sami damar ci gaba da zama bisa garken, suna zuwa wurinsa tare.
Mare yakan ciyar da ɗan akuya har zuwa watanni 8, har sai ya gama ƙaruwa da ƙarfi. Da zaran ya cika shekara 3, shugaba zai kore shi daga garken don hana yiwuwar shiga gasa, mahaifiyar na iya zabi ko ta tafi tare da danta ko ta zauna. A yau, wakilan daji na mustangs baƙon abu bane, kuma doka ce ke kiyaye su.
Ta yaya suka bambanta da dawakai na gida?
Babban bambancin su - girman doki da nauyi - Mustang ya fi girma da nauyi fiye da dawakan gida. Tunda a cikin daji akwai kullun cakuda halittu daban-daban, launinsu ya bambanta kuma yana iya zama mai haske ko duhu cakulan. Sau da yawa akwai mutane tare da aibobi, kumburi, raunin da ba a saba ba. Wild Mustang duk da haka yana riƙe da yawancin halayen wakilan gida. Koyaya, saboda motsi, ƙaura da maye gurbi, sun fara samun sifofin halaye. Suna da tsarin halittar manyan motoci masu nauyi, barkatai, damfara, Spanish, nau'in Arab. Sosai, dawakai masu ƙarfi suka rayu a cikin daji, don haka zaɓin yanayi ya yi aiki.
An tilasta musu gudu daga dabbobi masu yanke hukunci, zaluntar mutane.
Duk wannan ba zai iya shafan halayen mustang ba: yana dawwama, da sauri, ya fi ƙarfin dangi. Bugu da kari, suna buƙatar kulawa mai ƙarancin lokaci, sun daɗe ba tare da abinci da abin sha ba. Lafiyain dawakan dawakai sun fi karfin dawakai gida, suna da kyakkyawan kariya, wanda ke kare su daga cututtuka da cututtuka. A lokaci guda, doki na gida ana san shi da halayyar abokantaka, halayyar mutum, da tawali'u. Suna karatu da kyau, ana horar da su sabanin dawakai na daji da ba a haɗa su ba, waɗanda suke ƙaunar 'yanci da tawaye.
Tamkar mustang ba abu bane mai sauki, ba kowane mutum bane yake iyawa. Doki zai yi biyayya ne kawai idan tana so, kuma ga wanda ta zaɓa. Mutanen da ke da mustangs, masu mutunci sosai a tsakiyarsu, ana ɗaukar wannan "iska ne."
Abubuwan Mustang da Habitat
Dabbar mustangs na doki ya bayyana ne a Arewacin Amurka kimanin shekaru miliyan 4 da suka shude kuma suka yada zuwa Eurasia (da alama hayewa daga Bering Isthmus) daga shekaru miliyan 2 zuwa 3 da suka gabata.
Bayan Turawan suka sake kawo dawakai zuwa Amurka, Americansan asalin ƙasar Amurika sun fara amfani da waɗannan dabbobin don jigilar kayayyaki. Suna da kwazo da saurin gaske. Plusari, ƙafafunsu ba su da rauni sosai, yana sa su zama masu kyau don doguwar tafiya.
Mustangs zuriyar dabbobi ne da suka gudu, aka bari, ko aka sake su cikin daji. Kabilar magabata na ainihi sune dokin Tarpan da Przhevalsky. Mustangs suna zaune a wuraren kiwo na yammacin Amurka.
Yawancin mazaunan mustang suna cikin jihohin Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, California, Arizona, North Dakota da New Mexico. Wasu kuma suna zaune a gabar tekun Atlantika da tsibiran kamar su Sable da Cumberland.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Sakamakon yanayin muhallinsu da halayensu, dokin kiwo yana da kafafu masu ƙarfi da girma ƙashi na ƙasa fiye da dawakan gida.
Tunda suna daji kuma ba masu saukaba ba to yakamata ƙafafunsu su iya tsayayya da kowane irin yanayin halitta. Mustangs suna zaune a cikin manyan garkunan dabbobi. Garkunan sun ƙunshi turke ɗaya, misalin mace takwas da sa theiransu.
Yankin ya mallaki garken nasa wanda ya sa kowace mace ba ta yi baya ba, domin in ba haka ba, za su koma ga abokin hamayya. Idan babban dutsen ya sami ɓar wani wuri na ƙasa a yankin sa, zai sha, yana gane warin, sannan ya bar ƙyallen sa a saman don bayyana gaban sa.
Dawakai suna matukar son ɗaukar barorin laka, samun gurɓataccen datti da suke kwance a ciki kuma ya juya daga gefe zuwa wani gefe, irin waɗannan wuraren wanka suna taimakawa kawar da cututtukan fata.
Garkunan dabbobi suna kashe mafi yawan lokacin su wajen kiwo a kan ciyawa. Babban maɗaukaki a cikin garken ya zama jagora, lokacin da yake motsa garken sai ya shiga gaba, wurin turkewa, yana baya yana rufe ayyukan fitowar kuma baya barin masu farautar su kusanto.
Lokaci mafi wahala ga dawakai na daji shine tsira lokacin hunturu. Baya ga yanayin zafi, rashin abinci matsala ce. Domin kada ya daskare, dawakai sun zama cikin tarin kaya kuma ana yin zafi da taimakon zafin jikin mutane.
A kowace rana suna tono kofuna na dusar ƙanƙara, suna ci don sha da kuma neman ciyawa mai bushe. Saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki da sanyi, dabba zata iya raunana kuma ta zama mai sauƙin ganima ga masu farauta.
Dawakai ba su da abokan gaba: bears daji, lynxes, cougars, Wolves da mutane. A cikin Dandalin Yammacin Yammacin Duniya, karnuka suna kama kwalliyar daji don adonsu da sayarwa. A farkon karni na 20, sun fara kama su saboda nama, ana kuma amfani da dawakai wajen kera abincin dabbobi.
Labarin Abinci na Mustang
Rashin fahimta ne gama gari cewa mustangs na doki ku ci hay ko ƙoshin abinci. Dawakai omnivores ne, suna cin tsire-tsire da nama. Babban abincin su ya ƙunshi ciyawa.
Zasu iya jure tsawon lokaci ba tare da abinci ba. Idan ana iya samun abinci cikin sauki, dawakai manya sukan ci kilo 5 zuwa 6 na kayan shuka a kowace rana. Lokacin da ciyawa ke ƙarancin abinci, suna cin abinci da kyau duk abin da ya girma: ganye, ƙananan bushes, rassan bushesan saurayi, har ma daƙarin itace. Sha ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, koguna ko tafkuna sau biyu a rana, kuma ana cikin neman ma'adinan gwal na ma'adinai.
Rayuwa da abinci a cikin yanayin rayuwa
Mustangs sun samar da kananan garken dabbobi, wanda kowannensu ya kunshi jagora, mata da yawa. Shugaban dangi goge ne mai shekaru 6 da haihuwa. Iyalin suna da babbar mace. Aikin ta shine, idan akwai hadari, neman hanyoyin bijirewa abokan gaba.
Kowace rukuni na dabbobi suna kiwo a wani yanki kuma baya bada izinin dawakai daga wasu garken su shigo, amma dangane da mummunan harin na magabatan, kungiyoyin zasu iya hada kansu. Idan dabbobin daji suka kai hari kan garken, manya mazan kan kare ƙananan karnuka da mata ta hanyar kewaya su, kuma su da kansu za su juya ga abokan gaba da kishiyoyinsu kuma suna yaƙi da ƙafansu.
Tunani. Mazaunin dabbobi suna zama a cikin garken tare da iyayensu har sai da suka kai shekara 3, sannan su tafi su kirkiro garken nasu.
Dawakin Mustang suna ciyar da ciyawa da shuki. Suna iya yin abinci ba kwanaki ba. Ayyukan babban maza sun hada da neman tafkunan wuraren shayarwa da makiyaya mai kyau. Da farkon hunturu, dawakai suna da wahala - da wuya a sami abinci. Dabbobi suna tono dusar ƙanƙara tare da hooves kuma suna cin ciyawa mai bushe. Don ci gaba da ɗumi, suna zama kusa da juna.
Doki Mustang irin doki