Scutosaurs (lat. Scutosaurus ) - asalin halittar pareiasaurs daga Late Permian (shekaru 252 zuwa 248 da suka gabata) na Rasha. Yi la'akari da wannan. Pareiasauridae.
Manyan dabbobi, tsawon kwanyar daga 20 zuwa 40 cm, wataƙila ƙari. Jimlar tsawon tazarar yakai mita 3-3.5. Jiki yana da matukar ƙarfi, vertebrae yana da babban juyi, musamman a yankin kafada. Tsarin garkuwa a cikin hanyar garkuwar mahaifa da osteoderms, wani lokacin ana nuna shi ta hanyar garkuwa a kan yankin pelvic (saboda haka sunan "halittar garkuwar") daga lat. almara - “garkuwa”). Akwai cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan daji a cikin kunne. Kwanyar tana da fadi, tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi a cikin yankin buccal da kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Ba kamar Pareiasaurs na Afirka ba, kyawawan furanni suna da yawa. A kan osteoderm, an bayyana yatsun yatsun fata na glandular fata, wanda ke ba da fata mai laushi na fata. Murfin fuskoki zai iya kasancewa ne kawai a hanci da kuma yawan fashewar kwanyar. Hakoran suna da kamannin ganye, wanda akeyinsa da shi, yayi kama da hakoran masu haɗari na herbivorous - amma, sabanin baƙin, lokacin da aka kulle jaws, babu hulɗar hakora. Haɗin mandibular sun kasance daga ciki. Gashinan muƙamuƙi sun raunana. Gabaɗaya, tsarin haƙori na iya yin daidai da abincin algae.
An bayyana alamun kasusuwa bayan marubuta daban-daban ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Don haka, a cikin wallafe-wallafen Baƙin Amurkan, ana nuna kashin kashin tare da madaidaiciyar ƙafafun ƙafa, wanda yayi dace da dabba ta al'ada. A lokaci guda, ainihin hoton kasusuwan (da kuma kasusuwa da aka sanya a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na PIN) sun dace da babban lila mai gajeren zango tare da kafafu masu yadawa. M.F. Ivakhnenko ya dauki scutosaurs su zama na gaba daya ruwa, tunda fasalin kasusuwa na baya (gindin kafada, raunanan kasusuwa na kasusuwa) yasa ya zama wahalar hawa kan kasa. Da alama hotunan Hoton na Amurka suna nufin wata dabba ce ta daban daban, kodayake manyan hanyoyin yankin na mahaifa suna nuni ne da yanayin. (A karo na farko, wannan sake ginawa, wanda mai zane H. Ziska ya yi, ya bayyana a cikin aikin W.K. Gregory akan asalin kunkuru a cikin 1946. Sa hannu a ƙarƙashin adadi ya bayyana cewa an yi shi ne a kan asalin kwarangwal daga Tarihin Tarihin Halittar Amurka).
An bayyana Skutosaurs ta V.P. Amalitsky daga sanannen rukunin Sokolki da ke gefen Kananan Dvina ta Arewa kamar yadda Pareiosaurus karpinskii. Abin sha’awa, iyawar harshe ne sunan “Pareiosaurus", Ba"Pareiasaurus”(Game da sananniyar pareiasaur sananciyar Afirka ta Kudu) ta nuna yiwuwar ware Dinoina dinosaur cikin wata alaƙa ta musamman. Koyaya, sunan "Pareiosaurus", A bayyane, an damu. A shekara ta 1930, A.P. Hartmann-Weinberg ya bayyana asalin halittar "Scutosaurus».
Yawan nau'in sun bambanta daga 1 zuwa 3. Yawancin lokaci, nau'in nau'in iri ɗaya ne kawai aka nuna - S. karpinskii, daga Vyatka sararin sama na Babban Tatar sublayer na Late Permian na yankin Arkhangelsk da Tatarstan. A lokaci guda, M.F. Ivakhnenko ya yarda da kasancewa a cikin sahun Sokolki na wani, ƙaramin nau'in - Scutosaurus tuberculatusAmalitsky ce ta kasafta. Ba kamar nau'in nau'in ba, wannan ƙaramin scutosaurus yana riƙe da ɓarke na ɓoyayyen kwandon shara da ƙananan matakan juji. (Ga mafi girman mutane na nau'in halitta, raguwa harsashi halayen ne). A scutosaurus daga Tatarstan aka bayyana da gutsuren kwanyar a 1987 kamar yadda Scutosaurus itilensis. Bugu da kari, tsofaffi da ƙaramin Pareiasaurus daga arewacin Dvinsk sararin Tatarstan an bambanta su ta asali da halittu na musamman Kwayar cutar ta Proelginia. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan suna iya danganta da shekaru daban-daban da / ko nau'in jima'i na nau'in nau'in daya.
A bayyane yake, scutosaurs kuma suna zaune a cikin tsabtatattun ruwan jikin zamanin na Late Permian, amma sun ƙare kafin ƙarshen shi. Daga yadudduka iyaka na Permian-Triassic (hadaddun Vyaznikovsky) ba a san su ba.
A cikin al'adun duniya
Ana nuna Scootosaurs a cikin fim din BBC Walwala tare da dodanni. Rayuwa kafin dinosaur. " An nuna hoton scutosaurus a matsayin dabba mai cikakken hankali, mai iya guduwa don gajeran nisa da yin ƙaura daga jeji daga wannan rami zuwa wancan don neman ruwa da ciyayi.
A cikin farkon farkon da na shida na farkon kakar kuma a cikin kashi na bakwai na kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin "Jurassic Portal" an nuna Scutosaurus karpinskii , duk da haka, ya fi girma fiye da yadda yake a zahiri kuma, sabanin ainihin tsarin sa, ya motsa sosai a kan ƙasa.
Pareiazavrins. Scutosaurus, Part 1 (Scutosaurus) - 3/4
+ Scutosaurus. Scutosaurus. "Mahaliccin garkuwar, daga almara na Girka garkuwa ne na fata, sunan yana nuna manyan faranti na makamai na kasusuwa wadanda ke rufe jikin mutum." Marigayi Permian (farkon Wuchiapingian - Middle Changhsingian), arewacin gabashin Turai (yankin Arkhangelsk). Amalitsky (1922), Hartmann-Weinberg (1930). Aka fara samu Scutosaurus a kan yankin gabashin Turai V.P. Amalitsky a cikin 1897 a kan Kogin Malaya Severnaya Dvina. Tsarinsa na ragin na Sokolki shafin ya kawo kwarangwal 13, sama da kwanyar 40 da ƙasusuwa dayawa da yawa.
Sake gina Scutosaurus a cewar Carroll, 1988
Scutosaurs an fara gano su a cikin sanannen wuri na Sokolki a bankunan Kananan Dvina ta Arewa. Jiki yana da matukar ƙarfi, vertebrae yana da babban juyi, musamman a yankin kafada. Tsarin jirgin yana cikin kamannin garkuwar mahaifa da kuma mashigan kayan jikin mutum (saboda haka sunan "garkuwar garkuwar"). Ba kamar Pareiasaurs na Afirka ba, Scutosaurs kwalin ido yana da girma babba. Kafafu cikin Scutosaurs mai ƙarfi, hind, wataƙila an daidaita, kamar yadda a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. An samo Scutosaurs a ƙarshen Perm na yankin Arkhangelsk da Tatarstan.
Dama bankin kogin. Northernaramar Dvina ta Arewa kusa da ƙauyen. Efimovskaya kusa da birnin Kotlas, shafin yanar gizon manyan wuraren haɓaka V.P. Amalitsky | Duba daga garin Zavrazhye zuwa Sokolki, inda “tabarau” take ɗauke da sandar dutse |
Anan zaka iya bayanin mazaunin Scutosaurs M. Arefyev da V. Golubeva:
“Rashin yumɓu mai yumɓu mai laushi tare da tasoshin bututun mai. Zazzabi ya kusan digiri 40. Ba wani rayayyen abu guda daya da ke kusa da shi ba - kawai ƙyallen dawakai ya yi launin rawaya tare da bakin tekun, inda ruwa zai iya tashi yayin ruwan sama na baya. Amma gajimare mai saukar ungulu-ash yana bayyana a cikin murhun sararin samaniya, yana sauri yayi iyo zuwa fili, nan da nan duhu yayi, kuma iska mai karfin gaske ta tashi. Ruwan sama yana faɗi lokaci ɗaya. Wani juzu'i na rabid saukad da aka doke a ƙasa. Haske mai walƙiya ya haskaka, a bayan wannan saƙar daji ta yi tsalle ta sararin sama. Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya tare da katanga mai ƙarfi ya tashi sama da bushewar ƙasa. Hanyoyin bushewa suna mamaye ruwa, yana mamaye bankunan, laguna marasa zurfi suna juyawa zuwa tekuna na gaske a gaban idanunmu.
Late Permean wuri mai faɗi a arewacin dandamalin Gabashin Turai
Za a ɗauki kwanaki da yawa, ruwan sama zai yi ƙasa, ruwa zai tafi laki, kuma tsirrai na farko zasu tashi daga ƙarshen ambaliyar. Garkunan za su tattara a cikin tashoshi mara zurfi scootosaurs - Manyan kasusuwa masu tasowa wadanda ke da kasusuwa na kasusuwa a cikin huhun cheekbones. Layasayar ciyawa zata kasance har abada lokacinda sabon ciyayi daga dawakai, ferns da dunƙulewa suke zuwa wuraren kiwo dicynodonts. Bayansu zai bayyana mai sabar-toothed. baƙi. Kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe zasu zo - Lines da kotlassii. Rayuwa tare da jerin mutuwar sa marasa iyaka da haihuwa zasu sake dawowa duniyar da take cike da shaye da danshi. ”
Scutosaurus yana daya daga cikin manyan pareiasaurs. Wannan dabba mai narkewa ta kasance girman sa, tsawon sa har zuwa 2.5-3.5 m, kwanyar 40 cm. Scutosaurs yana da babban jiki, an rufe shi da harsashi na shimfiɗar ƙashi, ƙaramin kai, ɗan gajeren wutsiya, da manyan ƙafafu da ƙafafu. Sun kasance masu iya magana kamar jijiyoyin wuya tare da kasusuwa na kasusuwa wadanda ba a saba dasu ba a chikin cheekbones da kuma tsokar kasusuwa a kafada, suna da alaƙa da tsokoki na wuya. Don Scutosaurus ragowar manyan mutane sanannu ne. A bisa ƙa'idar, ba a bayyana su ba, amma zai iya zama ɗaya da rabi zuwa sau biyu mafi girma fiye da yadda aka saba (muna magana ne game da ƙasusuwa na ƙafa).
Scutosaurus kwanyar, duban gefe
Scutosaurus. Kwancen kwancen kafa da ventral |
Scutosaurus. Kwanyar ciki da wucin gadi |
Kwanyar mai nauyi tana da faɗi da nauyi, ƙanƙanta tana da faɗi. A fuskar Scutosaurus Kwayar lu'u lu'u lu'u-lu'u. Kwanyar kwanciyar hankali ne a cikin tsari, da ɗan elongated a cikin preorbital yankin, tare da babban girma soket (rabo daga matsakaicin iyakar ido soket zuwa duka tsawon kwanyar bai fi 1: 4), elongated a cikin anteroposterior shugabanci. Kasusuwa mai rauni tare da daskararren radial pitted sassaka sassaka. Cheeks suna da haɓaka da ƙarfi kuma an rufe su da dunƙulen ƙafa. Osteodermal cones a kan cheeks da occiput zagaye ne, ko conical, ba su kai tsawon fiye da rabin girman kwanyar ba. Poarshen gefen rufin kwanyar shine concave. Thean cikin occipital condyle yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali; kasusuwa na occipital kasusuwa suna da hannu a cikin samuwar sa. Kwaro na Interterigoid suna da tsawo. A kan ƙas bonessuwa hanci, 3-4 babban conste osteodermal tubercles. A kan kwanyar, a ƙarƙashin layin muƙamuƙi, akwai babban abin wuya kashi a gefe.
Sokolki sikelin kwanyar | Shiryayyen kwanyar sikelin din daga tarin V.P. Amalitsky |
Ivakhnenko ya lura da kasusuwa kusa da Scutosaurus ga gefen harshe na suprinmporal ko scaly kashi wanda ya shafi taimakon ji kuma ana kiran shi sesamoid. Amma, a cewar wasu masu binciken, kasusuwa masu kama, waɗanda aka sani a cikin pareiasaurs da yawa, sun samo asali daga osteodermal kuma suna dace da faranti na ƙashi na baya.
Scutosaurus hakori | Tsarin hakoran scutosaurus. Haɓaka-haɓaka haɓakar fure tare da ɗimbin yawa sun yi kama da haƙorin ayaanas, lemu, da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe. Irin wannan haƙƙin hakora tare da jikin mutum mai zurfi (wanda a fili yake ɗaukar raunin narkewa) tabbaci ne cewa waɗannan hanyoyin ba da tsoro suna da alaƙar herbivores |
Matsakaici na reshe na reshen muƙamuƙi na Scutosaurus
AR - kason articular, PRA - kasusuwa mai kasusuwa, CO - coronoid, DE - asibitin, AN - kashi na kusa, SP - kashi platelet
Jawunƙasoshin baya tare da babban aikin jijiyoyin jiki na kasusuwa. Kowane muƙamuƙi yana da hakora 15-16, wanda gwiwoyin uku suna cikin ƙashin maxillary. An raba rawanin hakora zuwa hakora 9-17. Haƙiƙa sun ba da shawarar hakan Scutosaurs su ne abincin dabbobi masu ciyawar ciyawa.
Fata ƙamus na scutosaurs (osteoderm) | Gidan kayan gargajiya na Arkhangelsk na Lore na gida |
Abubuwa na dorsal carapace Scutosaurus yawanci a cikin nau'ikan manyan maganganu (lebur, concave a ƙasa, m a cikin shirin) wanda ke gudana tare da tsawaitattun hanyoyin motsa jiki na vertebrae da layuka biyu masu tsada a gefuna (kawai osteoderm shine convex daga ƙasa), wasu nau'in suna da garkuwa mai ƙarfi na wucin gadi wanda aka yi da osteoderms wanda ke hade da sutures. Osteoderms a farkon vertebrae ba ya cikin Pareiasaurus.
Kasusuwa na scootosaurus, tsuntsaye masu rarrafe daga Perm na arewacin Dvina. Wannan kasusuwan tsohuwar dabba ce, an cire ta daga abubuwan da aka samo, tana da kusanci da pareiasaur, an riga an cire ta gaba daya daga abubuwan rufewa kuma a sanya kayan tallafi na baƙin ƙarfe. Babu wani abu na wucin gadi a cikin wannan kwarangwal: duk abin da muke gani ashe kashin gaske ne, an shirya shi daga karyewar jiki.
Paleozoological Museum of Cibiyar Kimiyya
A cikin yankunan mahaifa da pre-sacral na kashin baya - tsaka-tsaki. Tare da kashin baya sune matakan juji da yaji, mafi girma akan tudun. Hanyoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ba su wuce 20 ba.
Scutosaurus. A - waje na waje (dorsal) na tibia, B - tsinkaye (postaxial) na kallon hagu | Baskin Scutosaurus |
Skeleton na babban mutum scutosaurus | Kasusuwa na matattarar matashi a cikin kayan tarihi na Paleontological Museum |
Kleitrum ku Scutosaurus babu Limarfin yatsun kafafu masu ƙarfi gajere sosai, kuma ƙarshen ƙasusuwa na kasusuwa na baya ba su da cikakkun tsari kuma suna da mahimmancin glandar glandonine. Kafaffun kasusuwa na kafaɗa suna haɗe.
Scutosaurus. Hoto daga fim din BBC Tafiya tare da dodanni. Rayuwa kafin dinosaur "
ScutosaursBabu shakka, kamar yawancin wuraren kiwo, sun kasance halittun dabbobi ne, amma matsayin su na ƙaura daga nesa don neman abinci don dabbobi ba shi da isasshen shaida. Hakanan shakku ne cewa masu farauta irin su baƙi za su kai hari ga wannan dabbar da ke ɗauke da makamai, mafi girma kuma mafi iko a cikin mahalli. Wataƙila, matasa, mara lafiya ko tsofaffin dabbobi za a iya kaiwa hari, kamar yadda magabatan zamani suke yi, suna kai hare-hare kan manyan herbivores, alal misali, wildebeests.
Gypsum Cast na yashi nodule daga metolocation Sokolki. Daga wannan nodule, shirye-shiryen Cibiyar Nazarin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa sun fitar da ƙasidar scutosaur. Hoto daga A. A. Medvedev. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Paleontology | Harshen Permian dabbobi masu rarrafe na scutosaurs. Kasusuwa nodules a cikin gaba. Hoto daga A. A. Medvedev. Gidan kayan gargajiya na Paleontology |
Babban maida hankali Scutosaurs da sauran tetrapods a cikin yankin Sokolki, wataƙila an haɗa su da wani masifa na gida, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar dabbobi da yawa waɗanda ke zaune a kusa da tafki. Kusan gawarsu ba a ɗaukar su ba kuma an binne su cikin sauri a cikin kauri, wanda ya hana lalata da lalacewar kasusuwa, da yawa daga cikinsu an kiyaye su gaba ɗaya.
Ofayan zaɓuɓɓuka don sake gina rayuwar rayuwa da mazaunin mai sikelin |
Wasu masu binciken sun ba da shawarar yanayin rayuwa na ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa har ma gaba daya (Ivakhnenko), amma mafi yawan karatun zamani sun ba da shawarar yanayin zama na ƙasa.
Hoton Scootosaurus na Jurassic
Scootosaurus Jurassic
Scutosaurus |
Scutosaurus |
A cikin garin Williamstown, Kentucky, an kirkiro wani babban ƙirar katako mai tsayi uku na Jirgin Nuhu, wanda ke ba da wurare ga duk dabbobin da ke cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki, gami da tsayayyun. Wadannan hotunan cike da fasalin Scutosaurs ana nuna su a ɗayan sel na Jirgin Nuhu.
Inostrancevia, Scutosaurus da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwar da ke tattare da su na lokacin Permian: Annatherapsidus, Dvinia, Chroniosuchus, Kotlassia, Microphon, Raphanodon, Dicynodontia sp.
Misalin wani mutumin da ya tsufa Scutosaurus daga nunin balaguro mai taken "Life Kafin Dinosaurs. Perm Monsters." An dauki hoto a Gidan tarihi na South Australia, Adelaide |
Burbushin wani karamin yaro mai daukar hoto a cikin rami a wani wurin rami. Gidan kayan tarihin Florida | Kasusuwa na matashi scootosaurus. Gidan kayan tarihin Florida na Tarihi na Gaskiya |
Mafi tsananin kaifin Scutosaurus ba wuya ya ja jikinsa wani wuri ba. Koda baƙon, Cleland yayi tsammani jinsin “irin dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, kuma ba dangi mai nisa na dabbobi masu rarrafe ba (tare da yiwuwar kunkuru). Cleland, H. (1916) Ilimin Injiniya. Kashi na II
Ofashin mai maganin scutosaurus a cikin nodule. Hoto ta V.P. Amalitsky, 1901. A cikin 1899, Amalitsky ya fara rami a kan ruwan tabarau guda ɗaya, wanda shine gado na kogin tsohuwar ruwa, cike da yashi kuma, ba tare da tsammanin shi ba, an fitar da kusan tan 20 na kayan. Kasusuwa suna kwance a cikin nodules - ƙaƙƙarfan dutse na sandstone wanda ya kewaye su kamar yanayin. Wasu nodules suna da sifofin lezrori: kawuna, kawuna, da kwandunan ruwa da aka ƙaddara a cikinsu
A shirye-shiryen tare da kwanyar wani scutosaur daga binciken burbushin halittu na V.P. Amalitsky
V.P. Amalitsky (a dama can), A.A. Baƙi (cibiyar) da masu shirya kusa da kashin farko scoosaurus skeleton. Hoto daga ɗakunan tarihin Cibiyar Nazarin ƙwaƙwalwa. A. A. Borisyak RAS
Wannan hoto daga mujallar "Spark" (sannan - jeri akan jaridar "Exchange Vedomosti") yana nuna kashin farko na dinosaur mai burbushin da aka samo a Rasha. Nunin nasa ya gudana ne a St. Petersburg, a lokacin hutun Kirsimeti na 1900 | Skewaƙwalwar farko, an ɗora ta cikin bitar V.P. Amalitsky, kuma aka nuna wa jama'a a watan Disamba 1900. Sun so su sa kwarangwal da sauri kuma su shirya shi a cikin watanni biyu kawai. Lokacin da kasasshen kasusuwan ya kusan karewa, cikin sauri ya nuna a wurin taron kungiyar ofungiyar Halittar Halittu, sai ya juya ya nuna cewa bashi da kafafu na gaba. An samo kasusuwan da suka ɓace daga wani yanayi, da kuma wata gabar jiki. A sakamakon haka, scootosaurus na farko da girman kai ya tsaya akan kafafu huɗu na hudun |
Synonym: Amalitzkia, PareiosaurusProelginia.
Likita na Kimiyya M.F. Ivakhnenko ya bambanta wata karamar halittar a cikin burbushin kayan da aka samo a Sokoloki - Scutosaurus tuberculatus. Wannan karamin scutosaurus ya bambanta da nau'in nau'in a cikin cewa yana da ingantaccen tsari mai ban tsoro wanda ke rufe akwati da ƙananan fashewar fashewar abubuwa. A lokaci guda, manyan wakilan nau'in nau'in suna da ƙarancin harsashi
+ S. tarin fitsari. A scutosaurus ne bututu.Marigayi Permian (Changhsingian, Vyatka Age) na gabashin Turai (Yankin Arkhangelsk, Malaya Severnaya Dvina, Lardin Kotlas, Sokolki, Ilyinskoye, Salarevskaya Suite). Amalitsky (1922). Kawai cikakkun kasusuwa biyu ne sanannu - ƙuruciya da manya. Akwai ƙwayar osteodermal.
Scutosaurus tuberculatus (Amalitzky, 1922), kwanyar a gefe, holotype, yankin Arkhangelsk, p. M. Severnaya Dvina, Sokolki, Late Permian, Sauya Tatar
Tsawon kwanyar Scutosaurusƙwayar cuta har zuwa 36 cm, wulakantaccen gajere, tsawon sashinta na haila ba fiye da rabin faɗi ba. Tsarin rufin a zahiri bai bambanta da wannan Scutosaurus karpinskii, ban da wuri da kuma nau'in fashewar osteodermal. A kan kashin hanci, cones da ke a gaban su na da girma, conical, mafi girma shine na gaba, ɗayan cones na biyu na mafi yawanci ana canza su zuwa layin medial. Hannun ƙasusuwa hanci an tsara su ba da tsari kuma ba su yin layi layi daya. Oarfin osteodermal na kashin squamous dogo ne dogaye kuma ana jagora zuwa ƙasa. A kan wannan kashi, kashin baya na gefe uku yana da karfi sosai.
Scutosaurus tuberculatus. Kwanyar, holotype. Hagu - kallon gefen, dama - ƙasa. Yankin Arkhangelsk, Yankin Kotlas, Sokolki, Salarevskaya Suite |
Hakanan ba za a iya bambance bambancin tsarin tsarin ba kamar yadda ya gabata. Koyaya, sassan ɓangaren choanae sunfiɗa da yawa, yanki mafi ƙarancin ragin pterygoid yayi daidai da matakin ƙarshen gefen katuwar interterigoid. Raunin tsakiyar kunne yana zagaye cikin tsari. Akwatin kwakwalwa tana da yawa. Babban kashin occipital shine zagaye, mai girma, tare da concave zagaye condyle.
Jawunƙwalwar ƙasa Scutosaurusƙwayar cuta babba, tsari na baya, babu ci gaban osteodermal a kan kashi mai rauni dan kadan kasa da girman muƙamuƙin.
Sashin kashin baya mai girma yana da yawa, yatsun kafada ya ƙunshi sikeli mai walƙiya mai zurfi, yana rage ƙasa mai ɗaukar hankali. Yin hukunci da wurin da kwaroron roba a kan humerus da femur, gwiyoyin hannu da gwiwoyin hannayensu sun tashi sama da kusancin iyakar humerus da femur.
Hanyoyin juyayi na kashin baya sunyi ƙasa, tare da lebur mai haɗe da, osteoderms zagaye. Akwai garkuwar mahaifa wanda aka yi da bakin ciki, rauni mai hade da rauni.
A - kashi na mahaifa Scutosaurus tuberculatus, B - akwati game da kwayar cutar siga na kansa
Jikin harsashi Scutosaurusƙwayar cuta haɓaka da kyau, ya ƙunshi osteoderms zagaye (har zuwa 50 mm a diamita) wanda ke tare da hanyoyin dunƙulewar, tare da gefansu, tsakanin almara, sune manyan osteoderms iri ɗaya, suna raguwa kaɗan cikin ƙanƙan ƙananan ƙashin rijiyoyin. A wuyan osteoderm an haɗa su a cikin kwasfa mai ci gaba. Tsakanin manyan osteoderms, ƙananan zagaye suna kwance, iri ɗaya, a fili, yana rufe bangarorin da kasan jikin. An samo ƙananan osteoderms, mai yiwuwa yaduwa kamar conical cones na kunci da haɗuwa a kusa da yanki na auditory (mai kama da kashin baya a wuyan wasu tsoffin agama na zamani). A cikin wutsiyar wutsiya, faranti suna kama da fitattun kwari.
Scutosaurus tuberculatus daban daga Scutosaurus karpinskii nau'in mucks, the basicphenoid, da sihiri da matsayin osteodermal cones a kan kashin hanci, da takaitaccen tsari na kasusuwa, da kuma ingantaccen shinge mai rauni.
Baƙi (Inostrancevia latifrons), mafi girma daga cikin gorgonopsids, tare da scutosaurus (Scutosaurus tuberculatus) hakar gwal, da ɗan ƙanƙanuwa a girman fiye da sanannen Karpinsky Skutosaurus
Ivakhnenko ya ce ya banbanta da Scutosaurus karpinskii mafi yawan tsofaffin kasusuwa na hanci, kasancewar makaman fata da gajerun hanyoyin tafiyar matakai. Koyaya, kasusuwa hanci a Scutosaurus karpinskii ya bambanta sosai a girma kuma wannan misali ba sabon abu bane a wannan fasalin. Hakanan ana amfani da makamai na fata a yawancin samfurori. Scutosaurus karpinskii, amma an cire yawancinsa yayin dissection.
Synonym: Pareiosaurus tuberculatus, Pareiasaurus tuberculatus, Pareiasuchus tuberculatus.
+ S. itilensis. Scutosaurus Itilian. "Itil - sunan tsohuwar kogin. Volga. " Late Permian (Changhsingian, Vyatka karni), Russia, yankin Volga, (Tataria, kogin Sviyaga, ƙauyen Ilyinskoye, kogin Klyuchevaya) Ivakhnenko da Lebedev (1987) aka bayyana. Holotype wani bangare ne na kwanyar.
Rounded kwanyar tsayi Scutosaurusitilensis ba kasa da 40 cm, da mucks ne sosai elongated, da tsawon da preorbital bangare ne aƙalla uku uku na nisa. A kan farantin sama na sama da kashin sama, a ƙarƙashin babban buɗewar labial biyu, babban zagaye mai zagaye yana kasancewa. Fossa na hanci na baya yana kanana, lebur. Budewar parietal karama ce, kusan a tsakiyar tsayin ƙashin parietal.
Yin sake gini na kwanyar Scutosaurus itilensis ta hanyar holotype. Tatarstan, Klyuchevaya Ravine, Vyatka skyline
A kan square ƙasusuwa na Scutosaurusitilensis akwai zagaye-conical osteodermal cones, the face low, elongated, na biyu, conical, anfi inganta shi. Akwai osteoderms na kusa da keɓaɓɓu. Garkuwar mahaifa ya ƙunshi babban osteoderms mai kauri da aka haɗa da sutures mai ƙarfi.
A kan fararen faranti na pterygoids palate hakora zauna a kan manyan kunkuntar ridges.
Babban occipital kashi Scutosaurusitilensis sosai, tare da concave zagaye condyle. Iciraƙar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ba ta motsawa. Kasusuwa na kunne capsule na kunne suna haɓaka sosai, m, taga oval yana zaune low. Raunin tsakiyar kunne tsakanin farantin dutsen da ke cikin pterygoid da periotic ya ɗan ɗanɗaɗa tsawon ainun, ɓangaren kusurwa huɗu a cikin shirin.
Tare tare da ragowar Scutosaurus itilensis sami adadi mai yawa na sassan jiki. A cikin wuya da sacrum, kamar yadda a cikin Scutosaurus tuberculatus, akwai taro na osteodermal formations, kuma a cikin ƙwayar mahaifa wasu lokuta ana haɗa su ta hanyar jijjiga kai. A ƙananan muƙamuƙi, babba da gajeru, akwai ƙaramin osteodermal na kashi na angular, ƙasa da kashi uku na tsinkayen muƙamula, tsarin retroarticular gajere ne. Shellaƙwalwar jiki tare da garkuwar wuyansa na osteoderms.
Karuwar kashi-zygomatic kashi Scutosaurus itilensis
A cewar Ivakhnenko Scutosaurus itilensis daban daga Scutosaurus karpinskii karin rikice-rikice masu tasowa, mafi girman raunin tsakiyar kunne, bambance-bambance masu daidaituwa a cikin kwanyar. Koyaya, rikice-rikicen buccal sune asalin yanayin yanayin yanayi, fashewar guda ba ta lalace akan ƙashin squamous na hagu kuma yana da kaifi da conical, kamar Scutosaurus karpinskii. Caunsar tsakiyar kunne tayi kama da sauran samfuran. Ba za a iya tabbatar da bambance bambance na kwanyar ba saboda tsananin rarrabewar holotype din, wanda yasa cikakken sake gina kwanyar ba zai yiwu ba. Koyaya, duk abubuwan da suka rayu daidai suke da na Scutosaurus karpinskii. Musamman ma, tana da sikelin scyngulum akan wasu (amma ba duka) hakoran martaba kaɗan da ƙwayar medial tsakanin ƙananan basal; wannan halin ba ya faruwa a cikin sauran pareiasaurs. Hakanan yana da ƙaho a cikin muƙamuƙin.
Ta wannan hanyar Scutosaurus itilensis kalma ce ta ƙarami Scutosaurus karpinskii.
Abubuwan da aka samo daga yankin Arkhangelsk daga layin Rudurvinsk - mazan da ƙananan pareiasaurus sun gano su a matsayin wani nau'in daban daban da kuma yanayin halittar Proelginia permiana
+Proelginiapermiana. Permiangia Perm. "To Elginia." Late Perm (Lopingian, Wuchiapingian), Rasha (Tatarstan, Semin ravine, kusa da ƙauyen Ilyinskoye, gundumar Tetyushki, Severodvinsk sararin samaniya). Hartmann-Weinberg (1937). Holotype wani kwanyar ne mai kauri.
Matsayi na ƙauyen Ilyinsky Tetyushsky. Dama - Ilyinsky rafin kusa da wurin ragowar Proelginia
Tsarin Semin ya yanke ta gefen hagu na kogin Ulemka a gefen kudu na kauyen Ilyinskoye a cikin gundumar Tetyushinsky na Tatarstan. Anan a 1930, masanin ilimin burbushin halittu, Farfesa A.P. Hartmann-Weinberg ya gano dinosaurs Permian.
Proelginia yafi kadan Scutosaurus, kwanyar sa na tsawon cm 16 kawai, wanda yayi daidai da tsawon jikin mutum yakai kimanin m 1.5, yayin da nau'ikan scutosaurus suke da kwanyar daga 26 zuwa 40 cm tsayi. Kamar yadda yake a cikin Deltavatiaa Proelginia kasusuwa kashi a kan cheeks da hanci kasusuwa da kyau ci gaba, kuma dorsal carapace wakilta kawai da kasusuwa mutum - oval a kan hakarkarin da kuma zagaye tare da lafiyayyun hanyoyin na vertebrae.
Kwayar cutar ta Proelginia. Kwanyar daga ƙasa, daga sama har zuwa daga gefe, sake gina holotype, Tatarstan, Semin Ovrag, Late Permian, Tashar-Tatar babba. An bayyana wannan samfurin a matsayin Scutosaurus permianus (HartmannWeinberg, 1937)
Da zato Proelginia permiana ya bambanta da Scutosaurus karpinskii a cikin:
- babu bude abar hawa,
- da auricle ne talauci ci gaba,
- ramin interterigoid (ba daidai bane a fassara shi Choana) ya fi nau'in U-ቅርፅ girma,
- Sashin murabba'i na pterygoid ana nuna shi a kaikaice maimakon baya, kuma murabba'in faren yana da matsayin da ya sa gaba,
- sashen yanki na rufin kwanyar yana sama,
- sassaka fata ta qunshi ingantaccen tsari, kuma ba tsarin fitar kwari ba ne da kuma rabe-rabe,
- da kashin ya fi guntu
- wanzuwar iko na girma shine mafi girma, amma sauran fashewar akan kwanyar basuda cigaba,
- buccal flanks karami
Kwayar cutar ta Proelginia. Wani nau'in scootosaurus daga yankin Perm Volga, wanda aka fara asalin shi da Scutosaurus permianus. Hoto daga littafin M.F. Ivakhnenko "Rayuwa ta Duniya" | Kwanyar ta pareiasaurus Proelginia permiana. Semin wani kwari ne wanda ya yanke ta hagu zuwa kogin Ulemka kusa da bakin iyakar kudancin kauyen Ilyinskoye, gundumar Tetyushsky, Tatarstan. Daga tarin kayan tarihin Paleontological. Yu.A. Orlova |
Babu wani daga cikin alamun binciken da aka lissafa a sama. Kwayar cutar ta Proelginia ba shi da inganci:
- yankin occipital na samfurin yana da mummunar lalacewa kuma yawancinsa an sake yin amfani da shi ta amfani da filastik, don haka kasancewar kasancewar kasala ko rashin bude ababen hanawa,
- shi ma yana da wadataccen cigaba a cikin sauran pareiasaurs, gami da Scutosaurus,
- V-dimbin yawa rami a cikin wasu samfurori Scutosaurus wani tsari ne na shiri,
- reshin murabba'i na pterygoid yana da jagora iri ɗaya (a gefe da ɗan baya) a duka taxa,
- haɓaka wani ɓangaren tsarin kwanciyar hankali ya kasance saboda murkushewa,
- a duka taxa, gyaran fuska na fata yana kunshe da fitattun kwari da kwari da mayukan fssa,
- mucks na daidai tsawon a duka taxa,
- bayan faruwar hakan Proelginia ba manyan manya bane, sauran fashe-rubucen a cikin wannan hoton sun samu ci gaba kadan da na manya Scutosaurus,
- da buccal flanks yi kama karami a Kwayar cutar ta Proelginia
Don haka, kawai bambance-bambance na ƙarshe na 2 na ainihi ainihi sun kasance: ƙarancin ci gaba na fashewa da ɓarkewar buccal. Haka kuma babu Kakakin a saman muƙamuƙi. Koyaya, tunda yanayin daidaitattun samfuran sune rabin girman kwanyar kwanyar mutum Scutosaurus, to, waɗannan bambance-bambance na iya zama tushengenetic. Proelginia wanda holotype ya sani kawai, kuma yana nuna cewa wannan ƙungiyar da aka gano shi ta hanyar matashin mutum sabili da haka yana da shakka, kuma sunan Proelginiapermiana Shin ƙarami yake magana Scutosaurus karpinskii.
Sake gina sarkar abinci don filaye da kayan ruwa na Seveungiyar Gizorodvinsk (Malokinelskaya da Vyasovskaya suites, Late Tatar age) na kudu maso gabashin Turai ta Rasha. Lines tare da kibiyoyi suna nuna motsi na ƙarfi ta hanyar al'umma: tsayayyun layin suna nuna hanyoyin tarawa, layin da aka lalata yana nuna hanyoyin lalata.
Abubuwan ruwa: (1) tsire-tsire masu ruwa, (2) gurɓataccen ruwa, taxa, wanda aikin sa a cikin sarƙoƙin abinci na ƙasa bashi da mahimmanci. Abubuwan da ke cike da ban tsoro: taxa waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sarƙoƙin abinci na ruwa da ƙasa. Abubuwan da keɓaɓɓe na ƙasa: (3) tsirrai, (4) invertebrates, taxa waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sarƙoƙin abinci na ƙasa, (5) abubuwan tsirrai da dabbobi, (6) paleonisciform, (7) larvae amphibian, (8) Dvinosaurus, (9) ) Karpinskiosaurus, (10) Chroniosaurus, (11) Makirufo na cotlassid, (12) pareiasaur Proelginia (farkon yanayin Scutosaurus), (13) Suminia, (14) dicynodonts, (15) gorgonopsids
Model Pareiasaurus Gidan kayan tarihin Proelginia a Totma
Shishkin (1996) duk da haka ya lura cewa holotype Kwayar cutar ta Proelginia ya fito daga sararin sama kadan fiye da da Scutosaurus karpinskii kuma duk samfurori daga wannan sararin sam sam ƙanƙane ne. Wannan yana nuna cewa bambance-bambance na girman bazai zama ɗan kan hanya ba, amma tsarin haraji ne. Koyaya, kwanyar 3 kawai aka sani daga wannan sararin, duk tsayin daka daban daban, don haka shaidar bambance-bambance a cikin ainihin girman ba ya wadatar sosai.
Synonym: Scutosaurus karpinskii, Scutosaurus permiana,Scutosaurus permianus.