Karjin Brahmin tsuntsu ne na ganima wanda aka amince da shi azaman alama ta ƙasa ta Jakarta. A Indiya, ana daukar wannan nau'in tsuntsayen tsarkakakken na Vishnu. Tsibirin Langkawi a cikin Malesiya ana kiranta da sunan Brahmin kite "Kawi", wanda ke nufin tsuntsu, buffy kamar dutse. Ana amfani da launuka na farko na tsintsin tsuntsu don yin ado da yumɓu.

Akwai wata tatsuniya a tsibirin Bougainville game da yadda mahaifiya ta bar ɗanta a ƙarƙashin itacen banana a cikin lambun, yarinyar ta kalli sama, ta yi kuka, ta juya zuwa cikin bugar Brahmin.

Bayyanar da fararen Brahmin

Bra Brain wani tsuntsu ne mai matsakaitan tsinkaye na dangin shaho. An bayyana wannan nau'in a cikin 1760 ta masanin ilimin lissafi na Faransa Maturin Jacques Brisson.

Brahmin Kite shima yana da wasu sunaye - farin fararen fata, mikiya, ja da baya, bera mai ƙoshin iska, mabuƙuwar teku.

Rarraba buga Brahmin

An rarraba buhun Brahmin a Ostiraliya, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, yankin sub na India, ban da yankin bushe arewa maso yamma. Ana samo shi a Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia. Yana zaune a Laos, Vietnam, Macau, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan. Papua New Guinea. Mazauna Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Gabashin Timor.

Alamomin waje na Brahmin

Brahmin kite daidai yake da ƙaramin baƙar fata.

Tana da jirgin sama kamar yadda aka saba, wacce take da fikafikan fati a wani gefe, amma wutsiya zagaye take da bambanci da sauran nau'ikan kites tare da wutsiya mai maye.

Umarfafa da manyan tsuntsayen ya bambanta da farin kai da kirji tare da gashin farin gashin tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi. A kan wannan, sauƙin Brahmin ana bambanta shi da sauran tsuntsaye masu farauta. Tsuntsayen matasa suna fentin paler. Wurin mai haske a ƙarƙashin fuka-fuki a cikin yankin goga yana da siffar murabba'i.

Mahalli na Brahmin

Kites Brahmin suna zaune a yankunan rairayin bakin teku da kuma cikin ciyayin ƙasar. Sun zauna a kan koguna, daji, fadama, sharewa, sau da yawa farauta kan gandun daji. Amma tabbatar da zama kusa da ruwa a cikin garka mai daji, gefuna, lambuna da savannahs. Sun fi son filayen, amma wani lokacin suna bayyana a tsaunukan Himalayas sama da mita 5,000.

Siffofin halayyar Brahmin

Brahmin kites yawanci ana samun su sau ɗaya ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i, amma koyaushe cikin ƙananan dangi. Tsuntsayen suna yin sintiri a gefen rairayin bakin teku, hanyoyi da koguna a cikin ƙananan garken mutane uku. Lokacin da 'yan kwarin Brahmin ba su farauta ba, sai su zauna a buɗe a keɓe cikin bishiyoyi. Tsuntsayen yara suna iya wasa tare da ganyen bishiyoyi, suna zubar da su kuma suna ƙoƙarin kama su a cikin iska. Lokacin kamun kifi a ruwa, wani lokaci ana iya tsoma su cikin ruwa, amma irin wannan hanyar ba tare da wata matsala ba.

Kram ɗin Brahmin suna bacci tare a kan manyan bishiyoyi, da keɓe ɗaya.

Kimanin tsuntsaye 600 suka taru wuri guda na dare. Amma irin wannan gungu ba su da wuya.

'Yan wasan Brahmin sun sami damar kai hari a cikin fakitin
a kan manyan masu farauta kamar su. A wasu yanayi, har ma da irin waɗannan manyan tsuntsayen sun zama ganima ga Brahmin kites.

Ciyarwar Brahmin

Kram ɗin Brahmin suna da abinci mai bambanci, wanda ya haɗa da ƙananan tsuntsaye, kifi, da kwari. An girbe kaji daga saman ruwa ko ganye.

Tsuntsayen suna yin ƙasa da ƙasa, suna nazarin bakin tekun, rairayin bakin teku da tashar jiragen ruwa saboda gaban ƙananan dabbobi masu iya ciyawar ko kuma jirgin ruwan da ambaliyar ta watsar. Kayan da aka samo sun karɓi tutocin kuma sau da yawa sukan ci shi. Harukan Brahmin a kai a kai suna bincika zuriyar dabbobi a kewayen tashar jiragen ruwa da tudun dafa abinci domin abinci.

Atorsaunar da take da ita tana da kusanci ga sata kuma tana iya ɗaukar kayan daga wasu tsuntsayen ganima.

Sanannen abu ne sananne lokacin da wani kuturu Brahmin ya kwace kifayen da aka kama daga bakin dabbar dolphin a Kogin Mekong. Kuma daya ma'amala mai cin abinci ya cinye duk zuma a cikin hive, duk da ƙudan zuma da suke fushi.

Gobarar Steppe ita ma tana jan hankalin tsuntsaye, idan ganima cikin tsoro ta fada cikin saurin tsuntsaye. Sun kama ƙananan tsuntsaye, hares, jemagu, dabbobi, suna ɗaukar kaya, har da kifayen da macizan da aka jefa a bakin. A cikin New Guinea, kukan Brahmin a kai a kai suna farauta a cikin gandun daji. A gefen tekun duba ɓaraka.

Kiwo Brahmin kite

A kudanci da gabashin Australia, akwai lokutan kiwo guda biyu: daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba da kuma daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni a arewa da yamma na kewayon.

Tsuntsayen gida a wuri guda tsawon shekaru a jere. An gina ciyayi a cikin kadaici daga sauran tsuntsayen. Nau'in mahalli na kusa basu ke da nisan mil ɗari ɗaya daga kowanne lokaci akan bishiyoyin mangoro. Yana da matukar wuya cewa gida yana zaune kai tsaye a ƙasa. Gida yana da bayyanar babban dandamali wanda aka gina daga ƙananan ƙananan rassan, ganye, haushi, da taki. Tana kasancewa a tsayin mita 2 zuwa 30 daga saman duniya a cokali mai yatsa na rassan itace tsayi. Ruwan yana bushe ganye.

Kuraran Brahmin da ke zaune a Malesiya suna kwance gindin mazaunin da busasshiyar laka.

Wataƙila wannan shine yadda tsuntsaye suke kiyaye kajin daga tan itacen. Ana amfani da firan Bird don kiwo shekaru da yawa, kawai ƙara ƙara reshe. A cikin abin kama akwai wasu haske biyu masu haske biyu ko uku masu launin fari mai haske mai launin ruwan hoda tare da ƙaramin filayen launin ruwan kasa waɗanda ke auna milimita 52 x 41.

Namiji da mace suna gina gida, duka iyayen suna ciyar da zuriya, amma ana zaton cewa mace ce kawai zata iya yin kama. Samuwar kajin na tsawon kwanaki 26 zuwa 27. Dukkanin zaman rayuwar ya wuce zuwa kwanaki 50-56. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, karen guda ya tsira zuwa turmi, amma wani lokacin akwai ingantattun tsintsayen tsuntsaye biyu ko uku. Nestlings na Brahmin kites sun sami 'yanci yayin da suke da watanni biyu.

Range da matsayin kiyayewa

Za'a iya ganin kullun Brahmin a cikin sararin samaniya na Sri Lanka, Indiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, da kuma a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Ostiraliya, har zuwa ciki har da New South Wales. Duk da yaduwar da ake ta yadawa, mafi yawan karnukan Brahmin tsuntsu ne mai kauri. A wasu sassa na kewayon kawai yana yin ƙaura yanayi na lokacin ruwan sama kamar da bakin ruwa.

Ainihin, wannan tsuntsu yana zaune a cikin filayen, amma a cikin Himalayas ana iya samun shi a nisan nisan sama da mita 1,500.

A cikin jerin sunayen IUCN, Brahmin kite ya wuce a matsayin nau'in rashin damuwa. Koyaya, a wasu yankuna na Java, adadin wannan nau'in yana raguwa.

Halayyar

A Kudancin Asiya, yana yaduwa daga Disamba zuwa Afrilu. A Ostiraliya, daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba a wuraren bushewa kuma daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni a cikin laima mai laima na arewacin nahiyyar. Gida an gina shi daga ƙananan rassa da kuma rassansa, hutu na mazaunin yana tare da ganye. Nests akan bishiyoyi iri daban daban, amma sunfi son girki. Daga kowace shekara tana yin sheƙarta a wuri guda. Da wuya a gina gida a ƙasa a gindin itaciya. A cikin kama 2 datti fari ko ƙwayaje masu launin fari. Duk iyayen sun gina gida kuma suna ciyar da kajin, amma tabbas mata ne kawai ke sanya incubates. Yin kiyayya yana daga kwana 26 zuwa 27.

Ta wani nau'in abinci, shine mafi yawan lokuta, ana cinye kifayen da suka mutu da kifayen, musamman a cikin fadama. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci yakan farautar hares ko jemagu. Hakanan yakan saci ganima daga wasu tsuntsayen ganima. Da wuya ku ci zuma, yana lalata amya na ƙudan zuma.

Tsuntsayen yara suna son yin wasa ta hanyar jefa ganyayen bishiya da kama su a cikin iska. Masunta suna tashi akan ruwa, dukda cewa wasu lokuta suna iya sauka ba tare da matsala ba, cire kai daga ruwan har ma yin iyo.

Barci cikin manya-manyan rukunoni har zuwa mutane 600, suna zaune cikin manyan itatuwa.

Zasu iya kai farmaki ga mafarautan da suka fi girma, kamar gaggafa, amma suna yin hakan tare da garken baki ɗaya.

Ya wadatar daga poohoids daga Kurodaia, Colpocephalum da Degeeriella.

Matsayi a cikin al'ada

A Indonesia, wanda aka fi sani da "Elang Bondol", ana ɗaukar masaniyar Jakarta. A Indiya, ana ɗaukarsa azaman sashin tsuntsayen Garuda, tsarkakakken tsuntsu na Vishnu. A cikin Malaysiya, ɗayan tsibiran suna mai suna bayan Brahmin kite - tsibirin “Langkawi” (“kawi” wani ma'adinin ocher ne) wanda ake amfani da shi don sanya launuka, abin tunawa da yawan zubin da Brahmin keɗa a launi).

Labarin da aka rubuta a tsibirin Bougainville ya ba da labarin yadda mahaifiyar ta bar ɗanta a ƙarƙashin itacen banana kuma ta je aiki a gonar, sai yaron ya tafi ya juya zuwa wani ɗan wasan Brahmin. Abubuwan beads a wuyan jariri sun zama fararen fata a kirjin tsuntsu.

30.07.2019

A Brahmin kite (lat. Haliastur indus) nasa ne a gidan Hawk (Accipitridae) daga umarnin Hawk (Accipitriformes). A 1995, an karbe shi a matsayin babbar alama ta Jakarta, babban birnin Indonesia. A al'adar Bahaushe, ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin jinin Garuda, sarki na tsuntsayen tsuntsaye, wanda aka bayyana da gaggafa tare da jikin mutum. Allah Vishnu, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kiyayewa duniya, ya fi son ci gaba da shi.

A tsibirin Borneo, ƙungiyar Brahmin alama ce ta allahn ta yaƙi ta Singalang Burung. Gabaɗaya, wannan allahn maras ƙarfi a cikin lokacin sa daga ayyukan soja ya shagaltar da masu noman shinkafa.

An fara bayyana nau'in a cikin 1783 daga likitan Dutch kuma masanin dabi'ar halitta Peter Boddert.

Bayanin

Tsayin jiki 45-51 cm, wanda 18-22 cm ya fadi akan wutsiya. Wingspan 109-124 cm Weight 320-670 g .. Mace sun fi girma fiye da maza. Dimorphism na jima'i a cikin launi ba ya nan.

Wings, wutsiya, kafafu, ƙananan baya da ciki ana fentin su cikin shuɗi, launin ja ko launin burgundy. Gangaren fikafikan shine launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Shugaban, kirji da na baya baya farare ne. Matasa suna da launin toka-toka.

Fuka-fukan suna da tsawo kuma suna zagaye a gefunan. Hannun yatsu da yatsunsu masu launin rawaya, maƙaryaciya baƙi ne.

Beunshin baki mai haske ya juye haske launin toka. Da kakin zuma mai launin shuɗi. Iris mai launin rawaya ne, dalibin ya zama ruwan kasa. A kusa da idanu ana iya ganin zobe mai launin baƙi.

Shekarun Brahmin a cikin daji kusan shekara 15 ke nan. A cikin zaman talala, tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30.

Dalilan raguwar adadin Brahmin kite

A tsibirin Java, yawan tsuntsayen suna raguwa sosai. Lambobin Bird suna raguwa, musamman a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, saboda asarar mazauni, cin zarafi, da yawaitar magungunan kashe ƙwari. Ofaya daga cikin dalilan shine karuwa ga matsayin rayuwar mutane, da zubar da datti da sharar gida, wanda ke haifar da raguwar adadin dabbobin da suka mutu wadanda Brahmin ke ci.

Chris Dagger

Babu wani makami na kasa daya a duniya wanda ya shagaltu da tarihin, al'ada da kuma imani na mutane. Babu shakka za mu iya cewa wannan keɓaɓɓen, babu wani abu kamar, dagger da karfin gwiwa ya ce alama ce ta ƙasa ta mutanen da ke zaune a tsibirin Malay - Indonesia. Ta hanyar mu'ujiza ta rikida imani na dabbobi na magabatansu na nesa na ƙungiyar Austronesian, Hindu da kuma addinin Buddha, waɗanda ke da babban tasiri daga karni na 1 na ƙarni na BC.

e. , Musulunci, ya bazu cikin ƙarni XIV-XV da Kiristanci, suna shelar kanta da ƙarfi daga karni na XVII-th. Yawancin lokaci, idan aka ambaci kris, mutane suna da hoto mara kyau na wani irin wuƙa tare da raƙumi kamar baƙar fata, ƙamshin turaren wuta da kuma ƙazamar magana.

Wadanda suka ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya na mutanen gabas a Moscow a kan Suvorov Boulevard na iya tuna wasu legan tarihi na almara game da kyan kayan da waɗannan makaman suka fada. Amma wannan makamin kabilanci mai ban mamaki ya cancanci kulawa da bincike. A cewar yawancin masana, wannan nau'in makamin ya samo asali ne tsakanin karni na 9 zuwa 14 AD.

e. Lokaci mafi daidai shine kusan karni na 12, lokacin da Chris ya fara fitowa a matsayin nau'i na musamman na makami mai kaifi. Bayan tsawon shekaru dari da kafa, ya sami cikakkiyar ƙoshin sa, wanda tare da ƙananan canje-canje, ya wanzu har zuwa yau.

Bra Brain wani tsuntsu ne mai matsakaitan tsinkaye na dangin shaho. An bayyana wannan nau'in a cikin 1760 ta masanin ilimin lissafi na Faransa Maturin Jacques Brisson. Brahmin Kite shima yana da wasu sunaye - farin fararen fata, mikiya, ja da baya, bera mai ƙoshin iska, mabuƙuwar teku. Brahmin kites yawanci ana samun su sau ɗaya ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i, amma koyaushe cikin ƙananan dangi. Tsuntsayen suna yin sintiri a gefen rairayin bakin teku, hanyoyi da koguna a cikin ƙananan garken mutane uku. Lokacin da 'yan kwarin Brahmin ba su farauta ba, sai su zauna a buɗe a keɓe cikin bishiyoyi. Tsuntsayen yara suna iya wasa tare da ganyen bishiyoyi, suna zubar da su kuma suna ƙoƙarin kama su a cikin iska. Lokacin kamun kifi a ruwa, wani lokaci ana iya tsoma su cikin ruwa, amma irin wannan hanyar ba tare da wata matsala ba. Kimanin tsuntsaye 600 suka taru wuri guda na dare. Amma irin wannan gungu ba su da wuya. Kursin Brahmin na da ikon kaiwa hari ga manyan mafarauta kamar gaggafa a cikin garken. A wasu yanayi, har ma da irin waɗannan manyan tsuntsayen sun zama ganima ga Brahmin kites.

GarudaGaruda (Skt. “Mai-cinyewa (da rana)) - a cikin Hindu, tsuntsu mai hawa (wahana) na allahn Vishnu, mayaƙi ne da macizai-naga. A cikin Buddhism Vajrayana, idam yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun tunanin wayewar haske. Kan kai, kirji, jiki, kafafu zuwa gwiwoyin Garuda mutane ne, baki, fikafukai, wutsiya, kafafu biyu (a kasa da gwiwoyi) sune aquiline. Garuda alama ce ta ƙasa kuma ana nuna shi a kan makaman Indonesia da Thailand. A cikin Tarihi na Hindu, magabata da sarki na dukkan tsuntsaye, macijin mai zafin nama, babban tsuntsu wanda allah Vishnu ke sa yawo. An nuna shi a matsayin halitta mai humanoid wacce take da baki, da fikafikan zinariya da kafafu masu kauri. Jujin fikafikan sa ya haifar da wata guguwa, kyamar da akayiwa Garuda tana da ƙarfi har ta mamaye hasken rana. Garuda yana da ikon ƙara ƙarfin sa kamar yadda yake buƙata. Garuda ya yarda ya zama tsuntsu mai hawa na hawa na allahn Vishnu lokacin da ya fahimci Garuda sama da kansa kuma ya sanya hotonsa a kan tutar. A cikin haikalin India tun lokacin da ake bauta wa gumakan Garuda da aka yi da tagulla ko dutse, a cikin karni na V BC. e. hotunansa sun bayyana akan tsabar kudi. Sauran mutane suna da hotunan iri ɗaya. Daga cikin Sumerians, wannan shine Anzud - babban giwa mai kaifin zaki, manzon gumakan, a tsakanin Slav - Firebird, alama ce ta aradu da hadari. A cikin wakilan zane-zane, Garuda na iya samun hannaye huɗu. A ɗayan ɗayan ya riƙe laima, a ɗayan - tukunyar nectar. Sauran hannayen guda biyun ana hade su a wani wuri na bautar (anjali-hasta). Lokacin da ya ɗauka Vishnu a bayansa, hannayensa, wanda a farkon yanayin ɗaukar laima da jirgin ruwa tare da nectar, suna goyan bayan ƙafafun Vishnu.

Jasmin - alama ce ta tsarkaka tsakanin mutanen Afirka da Gabas

Don millennia, Jasmin ya girma ba kawai saboda kyawawan fararen furannin furanni ba, har ma yana da daraja saboda ƙanshi mai daɗin daɗi. Duk da cewa wurin haihuwar jasmine yana a ƙasan Himalayas da jihar Punjab a Indiya, yankin da ya bunƙasa cikin sauri saboda yaduwar a cikin Indochina, Gabas ta Tsakiya da sauran ƙasashen Asiya. Daga Gabas, jasmine ya kawo zuwa Turai - zuwa Faransa da Italiya, daga inda ya yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe na duniya.

A Pakistan, launin ruwan jasmine (Jasminum officinale ko Chameli) alama ce ta ƙauna, abokantaka da mutuntaka - ana iya samunsa a cikin kowane lambun, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wannan fure ya zama alama a hukumance na wannan ƙasar ta kudu. A Indonesiya, wata ƙasa mai cike da bambancin halittu, inda kowace theasashe ta 33 tana da alamar fure, ita ce jasmine sambac ko Melati putih (Jasminum sambac) alama ce ta ƙasa. Wannan karamin furen fure tare da kamshi mai daɗi an daɗe ana ɗaukarsa mai tsarki ne a Indonesia, wanda ke nuna tsarkakakkiya, amincin gaske, mai saukin ganewa.

A cikin 1990, bisa ga umarnin shugaban Indonesia, Jasmin ya zama alamar halaliyar ƙasar, ta wanzu har zuwa azaman fure na ƙasa, bisa ga al'adar gargajiya mafi mahimmanci a cikin bikin aure.A yayin bikin aure, an yi wa gashin amarya ado da adon furanni masu kama da lu'u-lu'u masu tamani, kuma halayen da ke wajabta na amaryar ango sune garuruwa biyar na fararen furannin melati. A cikin al'adun Indonesiya, alamar Jasas tana da faɗi-faɗi - wannan fure na rayuwa da kyakkyawa galibi yana da alaƙa da ruhohin allahntaka, har ma da rayukan jarumawan da suka faɗo a fagen fama.

Akwai wata tatsuniya a tsibirin Bougainville game da yadda mahaifiya ta bar ɗanta a ƙarƙashin itacen banana a cikin lambun, yarinyar ta kalli sama, ta yi kuka, ta juya zuwa cikin bugar Brahmin.

Brahmin kite (Haliastur indus).