Humpback kifi Whale, wanda kuma aka sani da suna humpback da minke mai dogon hannu, dabbobi ne mai shayarwa daga dangin marsh Whale Whales. Wannan shine kawai jinsin halittar, amma a lokaci guda yaɗu kuma sananne. An kira whale haka, saboda ƙarar dorsal ɗin nata tayi daidai da siffar hump, kuma yayin yin iyo tana da ƙarfi ta dawo da baya.

Fitowar kifi Whale

Humpback maza sun ɗan yi kaɗan fiye da na mace. Jikin mace ya kai mita 14 a tsayi, kuma namiji - mita 13. Matsakaicin matsakaicin yakai tan 35. Akwai mutane waɗanda nauyinsu ya fi girma.

Gorbach babbar dabba ce, tana da nauyi fiye da tan 40.

Matsakaicin nauyin da aka yi rikodin shine tan 48. Jikin humpback whale mai kauri ne mai ƙarfi, ɓangaren gaban yana da kauri fiye da baya. Shugaban yana da girma, yana lissafin kimanin 25% na tsawon jikin. Akwai tsagi a tsaye akan ciki da makogwaro. Suna nan a nesa nesa kusa da juna. Yawan su guda 20 ne. A cikin humpback, finfin ƙarancin ƙaramin abu ne, wanda yake kusa da wutsiya. Babban kuma kuzari mai ƙarfi yana da m gefuna. Guda gefuna da ƙyallen fizili guda ɗaya. A kan waɗannan ƙatunnun kuma a kan yatsun biyu akwai haɓakar fata.

An yi wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki da whale humpback.

A cikin ramin roba na wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa shine farin whalebone, yana kunshe da faranti ɗari. Sun gangaro daga ranar babba kuma tsawonsu yakai nisan mil. Gefen farantin ya cika ta da juye. Yayin ciyarwa, dabbar ta buɗe bakinsa ta haɗiye plankton. Bayan haka, kifi Whale yana tura ruwa daga bakin da harshen sa, kuma ganima yana manne da whalebone. Sannan humpback din yaci abincin da harshensa.

Jikin humpback whale yana da launi daban-daban. Jikin na sama yayi duhu, kusan baƙi, ƙasa tayi duhu da manyann fararen fata. Lokaci na iya zama wani lokacin fari gaba daya. Kashi na ƙashin ƙashin ƙyallen ya zama ruwan hoda, ɓangaren ƙananan yana fari fari, kodayake ana samun wasu mutane da suke da bakin ƙwalƙwalwar fatar baki ko fari wani lokacin. Ana kuma yin kwalliyar kasan wutsiyar fari da fararen fata. Kowane mutum yana da launinsa na musamman, wurinsa da girman aibobi.

Halayyar Humpback da Abinci mai gina jiki

Mafi yawan rayuwar kifin hukuwi yakan faru ne a cikin ruwan teku, baya wuce nisan mil 100 daga bakin tekun. Yin iyo a cikin teku kawai lokacin hijira. Humpbacks yayi iyo da sauri na 10-15 km / h, matsakaicin saurin da zai iya haɓaka ya kai 30 km / h. Yayin bincike da cin abinci, ana nutsar da shi cikin ruwa na tsawon lokaci har zuwa mintina 15, don mafi girman zai iya zama a wurin na mintina 30. Mafi zurfin zurfin abin da babban whale Whale ya nutse shine mita 300. Lokacin da yake numfashi, yakan fitar da ruwa tare da maɓuɓɓugar, tsayinsa wanda yake kusan mita 3. Rukunin na iya zama masu tayar da hankali kuma wasu lokuta suna kai hari kan kananan jiragen ruwa. Yana tsalle daga cikin ruwa sama da 2/3 na jiki.

Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna sha'awar yin iyo da ruwa a cikin ruwa, sau da yawa yakan fado kuma ya tsalle daga cikin ruwa. Yana kuma yin hakane domin kawar da wasu cututtukan ruwan dake jikinsa. Tushen abincin shi ne cephalopods da crustaceans. Ya ci abinci da kifi. Kifi Whale yana iyo zuwa makarantar kamun kifi, ya bugi ruwan da wutsiyar sa, mai ban sha'awa, sannan ya zauna a tsaye, ya buɗe bakinsa ya tashi, saboda haka ya hadiye ganima.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Cutar ciki a cikin mace na faruwa a cikin hunturu, wanda a cikin kudu hemisphere ya faɗi a watan Yuni-Agusta. Kodayake mace na iya yin juna biyu a watan Satumba da Nuwamba, amma hakan yakan faru da wuya. Tsawon lokacin haila shine watanni 11. An haifi ɗa guda ɗaya, wanda nauyinsa yakai tan 1, tsawonsa kuma jikinsa yakai mita 4. Mata suna ciyar da zuriya tare da madara tsawon watanni 10. A ƙarshen ciyar da madara, ɗan kirinyar ya yi tan 8 tan kuma yana da gangar jikin har zuwa mita 9 tsawo. 'Ya'yan suna tare da mace tsawon watanni 18, sai thenan ya bar ta kuma matar ta sake yin ciki. Cutar ciki a cikin hurawar mace tana da tsawon shekaru 2. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna balaga da jima'i yayin shekaru 5 da haihuwa. Humpback kifayen suna rayuwa shekara 40-45.

Magabatan babban bebi Whale

Wannan babbar dabba mai alaƙa ba ta da abokan gaba, kawai kisa kifi ne da mutane ba banbanci ba, kuma mutum ya fi haɗari da magabatan teku. A cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, mutane sun ta karkatar da waɗannan dabbobi. Yanzu an jera babban kifi mai suna humpback a cikin Littafin Ruwan Kasa da Kasa kuma doka ta kiyaye shi. Yawanta a yau yakai kimanin mutane dubu 20.

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Girma

Humpback babban kifi ne. Jikinta ya kai tsawon mita 14.5 a cikin mace, mita 13.5 cikin maza, matsakaicin tsawon babban kifin hular Whale shine mita 17-18.

Matsakaicin matsakaici shine kimanin tan 30. Warin humpback mai halin yana da girman ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashin kitse a cikin ƙananan Whales kuma wuri na biyu a cikin wannan alamar a tsakanin duk whales.

Siffofin

Jikin babban whale na wucin gadi ya gajarta, mai yawa, ya fadada gaban sa, da kuma tapers da kwangila a bangarorin a baya. Shugaban yana kwance, yana zagaye a ƙarshen. Jawarfin muƙamuƙi ya haɗu gaba. A ciki ne saggy. Makogwaro da ciki tare da tsagi na tsaye. Fashin faɗin suna da tsayi. Fit ɗin da ke kan layin baya, 30-35 cm tsayi, kauri, yayi kama da danshi. Karatun caudal yana da girma.

Launi

Launi na baya da tarnaƙi na humpback baƙar fata, launin toka ne mai duhu, wani lokacin launin ruwan kasa, mai duhu fiye da sauran yan uwa. Kirji da ciki na iya zama baki, farar fata, ko kuma mai gani. Fasusufin da ke cikin fata yana da baki a saman, ƙasan fararen fata ko hange. Har ila yau, murfin murfin maɗaukaki yana kan baki, da fari, duhu ko mai mottled a ƙasa. Kowane kifin kifin humpback yana halin launinta daban-daban,

Abin da ke ci

Abincin babban kifin humpback ya hada da ƙananan ƙwararrun ƙwayar cuta, da kifayen daskararre (herring, mackerel, gerbil, sardine, anchovies, capelin, pollock, haddock, saffron cod, pollock, cod, polar cod), ƙasa da kullun cephalopods da ƙwallon ƙafafun kafaffun kafa. A saboda wannan dalili, kifayen kifi suna zaune a cikin ruwa gabar teku da kuma kan iyakar nahiyar, inda akan sami irin wannan kayan. Kimanin kilogiram 500-600 na abinci an sanya shi a ciki na humpback. Fattening yana faruwa a lokacin ciyar, kuma a lokacin ƙaura da lokacin hunturu, kifayen humpback suna fama da matsanancin rayuwa na asarar subcutaneous, asarar kimanin 25-30% na nauyinsu.

Inda kifayen humpback suke zaune

Gorbach babban kifin ne na ruwan teku wanda ke rayuwa a cikin dukkanin ruwayen tekuna daga wurare masu zafi har zuwa arewacin latin, banda Arctic da Antarctic, amma a gaba ɗaya yawan yankuna ne. Humpback Whales ba ya zama a tekun Arctic. Saboda rayuwa, sun gwammace gaɓar teku da ruwa mai tsari, suna shiga yankunan teku kawai ta ƙaura.

Namiji da mace: manyan bambance-bambance

Dimorphism na jima'i a cikin babban whales na humpback shine girman maza da mata. Mace sun ɗan fi girma kaɗan, a matsakaita tsawon mita 1-2 kuma tanada yawa suka fi maza yawa. Baya ga girman, maɓallin urogenital sun bambanta cikin tsari: maza ba su da aikin haɓakar hemispherical (diamita 15 cm) a ƙarshen gibin urogenital.

Halayyar

Humpbacks suna zaune kusa da bakin tekun, da wuya su je bakin buɗe idan sun yi ƙaura. Mai ikon yin iyo da daruruwan dubban kilomita a madaidaiciyar layi. Wuraren hunturu da ciyarwa na iya zama na yau da kullun masu canzawa.

Matsakaici saurin kifarwar humpback 8-15 km / h Matsakaicin yiwuwar ya kai kilomita 27 / h.

Humpback kifi Whale tsalle

Wannan nau'in yana da kuzari sosai kuma mai tsufa, yana son tsalle daga ruwa yadda ya kamata, wanda ya jawo hankalin mutane koyaushe. Zai iya nutsuwa cikin ruwa a lokuta daban-daban kuma a lokaci guda koyaushe yana tayar da wutsiyarsa. Yawancin lokaci yakan yi bushewa a lokacin rani na mintuna 5, a cikin hunturu - na mintina 10-15, har ma da rabin awa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin hunturu, humpback yana hutawa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma a lokacin rani - a farfajiya. Maɓuɓɓugan babban kifin Whale na 2-5 m ne, tazara ita ce 4-15 s.

Whale humpback baya kafa kungiyoyi na dindindin ba. Tana neman abinci duka daban-daban da kuma a cikin kananan garken da aka halitta a zahiri don da yawa sa'o'i. A cikin irin wadannan kungiyoyi, kifayen kifi suna nuna halayya sosai, kuma sabili da haka suna samar da su don motsi, yayin da maza suke kiyaye mace da cuba cuban.

Cubs

Tsawon jikin mutum kusan 4.5 m, nauyi - 700-2000 kg. Ciyar da madara ya kai tsawon watanni 10-11, yayin da jariri ke cin kilogi 40,045 na madara kowace rana. Tare da mahaifiya, ƙaramin kifi yana zaune shekara 1-2. Namiji bai damu da zuriya ba.

Samun girma ya girma har zuwa lokacin balaga a shekaru 5-6. Mace suna haihuwar matsakaita 1 a cikin shekaru 2-2.5. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar humpbacks shine shekaru 40-50.

Abokan gaba na ƙasan humpback Whale

A farfajiyar jikin kwaro-kwayar halittar jiki, da kwayoyi da yawa suna rayuwa, sun fi nau'ikan halittu masu kama da juna. Waɗannan su ne game da hanyoyin motsa jiki, mai riƙe da damuwa, ƙwaiwan Whale, busasshen zangon. Na endoparasites, trematodes, nematodes, cestodes, da kuma scratches sune gama gari.

Amma game da abokan halitta na halitta, kusan ba su ba ne irin wannan ga kifayen humpback. Wasu lokuta ana kashe su da kifayen kifi da kifin sharks.

Humpback, tare da sauran manyan kifayen whales, sun kasance batun whaling, sabili da haka, har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, yawan jama'a ya ragu da kashi 90%. Wannan nau'in yana da rauni musamman saboda fifikon zama kusa da bakin teku. Daga tsakiyar 19th zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, sama da humpback sama da 180,000 ne aka haƙa a Tekun Duniya. A shekarar 1966 ne Hukumar Kula da Whaling ta Kasa ta gabatar da cikakken dokar hana fitar da kifin kifin hular Whale Yanzu kamun kifi yana iyakance ga haan kalilan a shekara guda. Bayan da aka gabatar da haramcin, sannu a hankali yawan mutane suka fara murmurewa, kuma ana rarrabe jinsunan yau a matsayin masu rauni amma ba barazana.

Tashe-tashen hankula tare da jiragen ruwa, gurɓataccen amo a cikin teku, igiyar kamun kifin wanda humpbacks ke cikin haɗari yana haifar da lahani ga kifayen humpback.

Gaskiya ban sha'awa:

• Sautin kumburin murƙushe whales ya shahara, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haihuwarsu. Matan Humpback suna iya yin sautuna daban-daban, amma maza suna raira waƙoƙi mai tsawo da karin waƙa. Waƙar humpback wani takamaiman jerin sautuna masu matsakaici ne a cikin kewayon 40-5000 Hz, wanda yakai minti 6-35, kuma ana maimaita shi. Maza suna rera waka musamman idan akwai mata tare da sandansu kusa da su. Zasu iya rera waka sau ɗaya ko a cikin waƙa. Dangane da wannan "waƙoƙin murƙushewa" yana yiwuwa waƙa da hanyoyin ƙaura na Whales.
• Whale humpback shine mafi shahararren sanannan kuma sanannen nau'in dukkan kifi Whales. A duk yankuna na gabar teku na duniyar da ake samun humpbacks, suna zama abin so da ya fi so ga masu yawon bude ido wadanda suke son kallon yadda kifi Whales ya tashi daga ruwa, ya bar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da sauraren wakokin su.