Tsarin Yanayi na Masai Mara yana cikin kudu maso yammacin Kenya. Tare da filin shakatawa na Serengeti na Tanzaniya, Masai Mara ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsarukan yanayi na Afirka. Baya ga kare nau'in dabba na gida, babban maƙasudin ajiyar shine kare wani ɓangaren hanyar Babban Hijira na Dabbobin.
Yawancin wuraren ajiyar abubuwa sun ƙunshi filayen tuddai tare da ɗan itace ciyawa da kogunan Mara da Talek Matsakaiciyar an raba shi bisa ga ka'ida zuwa kashi uku: Kundin Mara, a tsakanin rafin Oloololo da kogin Mara, sashen Musiar tsakanin kogin Mara da Talek, da kuma Sekenani a kudu maso gabas.
A waje da ajiyar National Masai Mara, tare da iyakokinta na arewa da gabas, akwai wuraren ajiyar dabi'a masu zaman kansu. Safari a cikin ajiyayyun kayan sirri yana samuwa ne kawai ga baƙi. Yana ba da keɓaɓɓiyar tafiya tare da Masai a kan daji da safari na dare, wanda ba shi yiwuwa a cikin National Reserve.
Labarin kasa
Yankin yana 1510 km 2. Ana zaune a cikin Tsarin Rift na Gabashin Afirka, wanda ya kara daga Bahar Maliya zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Gidajen ƙasa Masai Mara ne savannah mai ciyawa tare da itacen oak a cikin kudu maso gabas. Yankin yamma da wurin ajiyar wurin shine ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin rafin kwarin, kuma a nan ne yawancin dabbobi ke rayuwa, tunda ƙasa ta ba da tabbacin samun ruwa. Yankin gabashin yakai kilomita 220 daga Nairobi, wanda yawon bude ido ke yawan ziyarta.
Fauna
Masai Mara ya shahara sosai saboda zakuna, waɗanda suke rayuwa a nan da yawa. Anan ne sanannen sanannen girman zakin, wanda ake kira girman kai na fadama. An lura da shi, bisa ga bayanan da ba na hukuma ba, an gudanar da shi tun ƙarshen 1980s. A farkon shekarun 2000, an yi rikodin rikodin yawan mutanen da ke cikin girman kai ɗaya - 29 zakuna.
Cheetahs ana fuskantar barazanar lalata su a ajiyar wurin, akasari saboda fushin mutane daga yawon bude ido da ke caccakar farautarsu ta rana [ Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 1032 ba ] .
Masai Mara yana da mafi yawan damisa a duniya.
Duk sauran dabbobin Big Five suma suna zaune a ajiyar wurin. Yawan ragowar rhino suna cikin hadarin hallaka; a shekarar 2000, mutane 37 ne kacal aka rubuta. Hippos suna zaune a cikin babban rukuni a cikin kogin Mara da Talek.
Mafi yawan mutane a cikin dabbobi na ajiyar bangon duniya sune wildebeests. Kowace shekara, kusan Yuli, waɗannan dabbobin suna ƙaura zuwa manyan garken zuwa arewa daga filayen Serengeti don neman ciyayi, kuma a cikin Oktoba sai su koma kudu. Sauran tururuwa kuma suna zaune a Masai Mara: Gazelle ta Thomson, Grant ta Gelle, impala, fadama, da dai sauransu. Masai Mara babbar cibiyar bincike ce da ake alaƙar shaye. Asalin ajiyar tsuntsaye sama da 450 na tsuntsaye.
Masai Mara Reserve ta Kasa
Daga rediyon mai jagora zaka iya jin kararraki da sako mara tushe wanda wani ya ga zakuna wani wuri, wani dan lokaci - kuma motar jabu ta riga ta fadi a cikin gajimaren kura. Tsarin Masai Mara na Kasa wata rana ce mai zafi. Yayin da kake kusanci girman girman zakoki cikin jin daɗin zafin rana, sai ka fara fahimtar dalilin da ya sa aka zaɓi wannan wurin shakatawa mai cike da dabbobin daji, filayen da ba su da iyaka da ciyayi masu ciyawa a matsayin wurin fim ɗin "Daga Afirka".
Janar bayani
Masai mara - Wajibi ne a kudu maso yammacin Kenya kusa da kan iyakar Tanzaniya kuma yana kimanin kilomita 275 daga Nairobi. Aka sani don iri-iri da kuma yawan dabbobin daji da ba kasafai ake samun saukin kallo ba. Sunan ajiyar sunan shi ne asalin kabilar Masai, asalin al'umar yankin, da kuma Kogin Mara, wanda yake rabawa. An buɗe a 1974, Masai Mara ya ƙunshi yanki na murabba'in mita 1,510. km filayen kwari da gandun daji kuma shine mafi arziki a Afirka.
Mara sunan babban kogin wadannan wurare ne, kuma Masai sunan sanannen sanannu ne kuma a lokaci guda manyan mutane na Gabashin Afirka. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan mutane masu tsayiwa sau ɗaya sun taɓa zama a cikin kogin Nilu kuma suna da alaƙa da mutanen Nubians. Wani lokaci, Masai, wanda Karen Blixen ya kira "manyan matafiya", ya bar gidajensu kuma ya yi ta yawo har na wani lokaci har suka sauka a filayen Kudancin Kenya. Asalin ajiya na yanzu shine tsohon ajiyar da aka kirkira don Masai a lokacin mulkin Burtaniya. Yawancin yawon bude ido ba ya hana kabila ci gaba da shiga harkar kiwo, alhali hakan ba ta nisanta baƙi baki ɗaya. Kowane maziyarci wurin ajiyar kaya dole ne a ba shi balaguro ga ƙauyukan Masai tare da waƙoƙi da raye-raye.
Masai Mara gida ne na asalin ire-iren tsirrai da fauna, ya shahara a matsayin wurin ajiye wuri kawai inda zaku ga "Babban Biyar" da safe. Daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba, zaku iya ganin ƙaura mai ban sha'awa ta shekara-shekara na dabbobin daji sama da miliyan 1.3, da mayuka, da gemuna daga Serengeti, sai kuma zaki, damisa, damuna, da kuma awakai, yayin da ciyayi ke tashi a cikin jirgin sama mai hauhawa a sararin sama.
Masai Mara Plain yana bushewa gaba ɗaya lokacin lokacin zafi. Don haka, dabbobi kan yi ƙaura koyaushe, suna barin faɗuwa a cikin Serengeti na Tanzania kuma suna dawowa da farkon sabuwar bazara.
Balloon ascents hanya ce da aka fi so ta lura da yanayin shimfidar wuri da namun daji, musamman lokacin fitowar rana. Gwada yadda take ji tana ta birgima akan igiyar dabbobi marasa iyaka. Ba za ku manta da irin waɗannan abubuwan ba da daɗewa ba! Bugu da ƙari, to, zaku iya yin murnar abin da kuka gani tare da gilashin shampen. Garuruwan Maasai na gargajiya, da kauyukan Manyatta, waɗanda suka kunshi bukkoki masu laka da laka, suna arewacin arewacin wurin shakatawa. Zaku iya zagaya ƙauyen, ɗaukar hotuna, magana da mazaunan ƙawance.
Ga matafiya, zaɓuɓɓukan masauki daban-daban suna iya yiwuwa - daga bukkoki na dutse zuwa mafaka masu kyau ko wuraren zaman kansu na ƙananan rukunin kungiyoyin da ke son jin daɗin safarar gargajiya.
Daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba, mutum zai iya lura da ƙaura na shekara-shekara na dabbobin daji suna motsawa daga nan daga Serengeti.
Karen Blixen, a cikin 1920s wanda ya yi nesa ba kusa da iyakar Wurin Dabbobin daji na zamani ba, ya dauki kayan Masai "mazaunin zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali." Yanzu Masai Mara ya bambanta: a tsakiyar yankin, wannan shine wurin da aka fi ziyarta Kenya. Yawancin baƙi sukan kawo su ta hanyar hukumomin tafiye-tafiye, tunda akwai wadatattun su a Nairobi - dukkan otal ɗin ana cakuɗe da talla (Kwanaki 2-3, avg. $ 400).
Ana kiran garin mafi kusa da Narok (Narok, kilomita 69 daga iyakar Masai Mara) - zai sauka kamar tushe idan baka son siyan yawon shakatawa kuma baka da jigilar kai. Kuna iya zuwa Narok daga Nairobi ta hanyar Matata ko bas daga tashar Accra Road (Accra Rd.) da kuma hanyar kogi (Kogin Rd.) - wannan wurin ana kiransa Ti Rum (Shayi Room, harafi. "Tea"), Motoci sun fara tafiya tun da misalin karfe 7 na safe (Awoyi 3 a kan hanyar zuwa Narok, kusan 400 pp.) kuma tafi tare da babbar hanyar C12. Akwai kamfanoni da yawa a Narok waɗanda ke fitar da basukan yau da kullun. (tashi baya da 13.00, 300 sh.) tsakanin gari da ƙofar mafi kusa ta ajiye - Talek (Talek) da sekenani (Sekenani). Latterarshe ana ɗauka manyan sune: akwai hedkwatar yankin. KWS ba ta ba da kariya ga yawancin ajiyar yanayin halitta - hukumomin yankin suna da alhakin hakan, amma kudade masu shigowa suna da yawa (tsofaffi / yara $ 80/40 kowace rana.).
A cikin Masai Mara zaka iya tashi da iska: akwai filayen iska 8 a cikin ajiyar, mafi kusa da ƙofar babban tashar ita ce filin jirgin sama na Kikorok (Filin jirgin sama na Keekorok)daga Nairobi Safarilink kwari (kusan $ 170).
A cikin Masai Mara kawai suna motsawa ne ta mota - an yi imani cewa in ba haka ba za ku ci, butted ko a tattake. Yin tafiya kawai a kan iyakar otal da sansanin, wanda yakai kimanin 30 Tuni dai nisan kilomita 50 daga kan iyaka, ingancin hanyoyi ya tabarbare sosai, saboda haka hanyar daga Narok zuwa zango kuma kawai zuwa tashar shakatawa na iya ɗaukar kusan daga Nairobi zuwa Narok. Ana bada shawarar motoci tare da injin-duka ko kuma iyakar ƙasa. Kuna iya yin hayar mota tare da direba a Nairobi ko a tashar mota a Narok (ba kasa da $ 200 / d.). Yawancin cibiyoyi da otal-otal suna shirya kananan tafiye-tafiye a keɓe. (kimanin $ 40 $ / 1 mutum / 2 hours, cikakken rana $ 50-60 / mutum, don mutum 1 - kusan $ 150). Haramcin tafiya ba ya shafi karamin yanki mai kariya na Naboysho (Naboisho Conservancy)kusa da Masai Mara daga arewa maso gabas. Har ila yau, akwai wuraren ba da horo waɗanda ke tsara hawan tafiya tare da jagororin Masai. (dabbobin da ke kusa iri ɗaya ne). Akwai yankuna da dama masu kama da wannan akan iyakar Masai Mara: an kirkiresu ne ta hanyar yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnati da al'ummomin karkara, wadanda kansu ke karewa da nuna yanayi. Ziyara zuwa ƙauyukan Masai suna barin abubuwan gani masu kyau, kodayake suna tare da kisan aure don kuɗi.
Jirgin sama
Akwai hanyoyin gudu da yawa a yankin Masai Mara Reserve. Manyan hanyoyin gudu na zamani sune Mara Serena, Keekorok, Ol Kiombo da Kichwa Tembo. Jiragen sama suna tashi daga Filin jirgin sama na Wilson zuwa Nairobi da kuma wasu wuraren shakatawa. Jirgin daga Nairobi yana ɗaukar minti 40-45.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don ziyarar
Yanayin wuraren shakatawa na Masai Mara.
Mafi kyawun lokacin don ziyartar Masai Mara shine lokacin daga ƙarshen watan Yuli har zuwa farkon Nuwamba, lokacin da Babban ƙaura daga dabbobi ke wucewa ta ajiyar wuri. Fiye da jirgin sama sama da miliyan daya da rabi, dubunnan zebra da gizagizai sun zo daga ƙasar Tanzaniya don neman wuraren kiwo. Ziyarar shakatawa a wannan lokacin babbar dama ce mai ban sha'awa don ganin magudanun ƙetaren hayin kogin Mara da Talek. Dubun-dubatar dabbobi an tilasta musu su tsallaka koguna, yayin da karnukan daji da sauran mafarauta suna jiransu a cikin ruwa.
Ba a san wurin ajiyar ba kawai don Babban ƙaura. A cikin shekarar, adadi mai yawa na dabbobi suna zaune a wurin shakatawa, gami da Babbar Fiveasar Afirka Biyar. Ziyarar shakatawa a Nuwamba-Janairu yana da daɗi. Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ne, kuma babu yawon bude ido da yawa kamar yadda ake lokacin bazara.
Dabbobi a Masai Mara
Kimanin nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 95, dabbobi, dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi fiye da 400 suna rubuce a cikin ajiyar wurin. Akwai wata dama ta ganin Big Five (giwa, dodo, zaki, zaki da baffa, damisa) a cikin shakatawa guda. Akwai hips da kyankyasai masu yawa a cikin Kogin Mara. Hakanan zaku haɗu da zebra, birai, warthogs, swamps, Thompson da Grant gazelles, awakin ruwa, Wildebeests da sauran nau'ikan kwari.
Masai Mara ya shahara ga masu farautar sa. A lokacin safari, yana da sauƙi a sami zaki. A cikin ajiyar reshe da maƙwabta na kusa, akwai kusan mutane 400. Sau da yawa zaka iya ganin damisa da damisa. Haruna da tabo, dawakai, dawakai da dawakai da dawakai masu zama ma anan rayuwarsu.
A halin yanzu, yankin yana da kusan giwaye 1,500. Rhinos, ba kamar giwaye ba, kadan ne a cikin ajiyar ajiya, kuma ba shi da sauƙi a gan su. An yi imanin cewa kawai 25 zuwa 30 rhinos suna zaune a cikin wurin shakatawa. A asirce, suna ɓoye a cikin ɓarnar maɗaukaki a kusa da sassan koguna.
A lokacin ƙaura (daga Yuli zuwa Nuwamba), har zuwa miliyan ɗaya da rabi wildebeest suna zuwa wurin ajiyar.
Hoto Masai Mara
Na kori tururuwa, na ci kuma na huta.
Tsuntsaye suna jira, amma suna tsoron tashi sama. Dole ne uwargidan ta tafi.
Cheetah. Injin da ke kusa yana yin fim don National Geographic.
Wuri
Masai Mara Park ya faɗaɗa zuwa kudu maso yammacin Kenya. Yankin ajiyar yanki shine muraba'in kilomita 1510. Wannan dai shi ne karin fadada yankin Arewacin Tanzania na Serengeti National Park.
A wata jujujuwa, Masai Mara Reserve ya kasance gabaɗaya a cikin yankin na Babban Fashin Afirka, iyakokin da suka haɗu daga Jordan (yankin Tekun Matattu) zuwa kudancin Afirka (Mozambique). Yankin filin shakatawa galibi yana wakiltar savannas tare da yawancin rukuni na acacias a ɓangaren kudu maso gabas. Yawancin nau'ikan dabbobi suna zaune a yankuna na yamma, saboda waɗannan wurare wurare ne na ruwa kuma babu ruwa mai hanawa. Kuma yawan masu yawon bude ido a nan ƙarami ne saboda wahalar gicciye. Gabashin wurin ajiyar wuri shine kilomita 224 daga Nairobi. Wannan yanki wuri ne da ya fi dacewa don yawon bude ido.
Siffofin
Sunan reshen mai suna sunan kabilar Masai, wanda wakilan su ne 'yan asalin yankin, kuma a cikin girmamawa ga Kogin Maryamu, wanda ke ɗauke da ruwansa ta wurin shakatawa. Filin Masai Mara na lardin Masai Mara ya shahara ne ga yawan dabbobi da ke zaune a ciki, da kuma ƙaurawar ƙaura na shekara-shekara (Satumba-Oktoba), wanda yake abin mamaki ne. A lokacin ƙaura, fiye da miliyan 1.3 wildebeest na tafiya a kewayen ajiyar.
Lokacin zafi mafi kyau na shekara a waɗannan wurare shine Disamba-Janairu, kuma mafi sanyi shine Yuni-Yuli. A cikin shakatawa, masu yawon bude ido ba su da safari na dare. An kirkiro wannan doka don kada wani ya dame dabbobi su farauta.
Masai Mara ba shine mafi girman ajiyar ƙasar Kenya ba, amma sananne ne a duk duniya.
Fauna
Zuwa mafi girma, wurin shakatawa ya shahara ga zakuna da ke rayuwa a ciki da adadi da yawa. Anan yana zaune da girman kai (gungun dangi) na zakuna, wanda ake kira Swamp. An lura da shi tun ƙarshen 1980s. An sani cewa a cikin 2000s an yiwa mutane da yawa rikodin iyali guda ɗaya - 29 zaki da zaki masu shekaru daban-daban.
Zaku iya haduwa a Masai Mara National Park da kuma cheetahs masu haɗari. Tasirin irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar haushin dabba, baƙi sukan saba da farauta da rana daga mafarauta.
Leopards ma suna zaune anan. Kuma a cikin Masai Mara akwai su da yawa. Mafi yawa idan aka kwatanta da wuraren kariya na irin girman su a sauran sassan duniya. Rhino zaune a wurin shakatawa. Wildebeest - mafi yawan dabbobi daga cikin wurin shakatawa (fiye da miliyan mutane). Kowace shekara, a tsakiyar lokacin rani, suna ƙaura don neman sabon ciyayi daga yankin layin Serengeti zuwa arewa, kuma a watan Oktoba sai su sake komawa kudu. Za ku iya haɗuwa a nan garken zebras, raƙuma biyu na jinsin (ba a sami ɗayansu a ko'ina ba).
Masai Mara ita ce cibiyar bincike da ta fi girma a rayuwata.
Tsuntsaye
Yawancin tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa Masai Mara National Park. Anan za ku iya ganin vultures, gaggafa tururuwa, marabou storks, Guinea Guinea tsuntsaye, tsuntsayen ostriches, cranes na kambi, fitsari, da sauransu.
Gidan shakatawa gida ne na jinsin tsuntsaye iri-hamsin da uku.
Matsalar muhalli
Tanadin ne sarrafawa daga ƙasar ƙasar. A cikin filin shakatawa na kasar Kenya, Masai Mara yana da yankuna da yawa waɗanda aikinsu shine yaki da masu farautar namun daji. An karesu daga wuraren da yawon bude ido ke yawan zuwa. Masai ma suna da ƙarin wuraren nesa.
Yankin ajiyar wuri na musamman wuri ne wanda mutuwa da rayuwa suke cikin daidaituwa ta dabi'ar halitta da yanayin kanta.