Yaren mutanen Sweden oatmeal tashi - kwaro mai hatsarin gaske na amfanin gona. Yankin lalacewa na ƙanshi na alkama, alkama, sha'ir, hatsin rai, masara, spikelet na hatsi da sha'ir. Rayuwa a kan sha'ir ya fi alkama da mai. Ci gaban ya cika. Yin bisexual. Yawancin hibernate, yawanci na shekaru uku. Daga ƙarni ɗaya zuwa biyar na rashin rayuwa mai ɗorewa suna girma a cikin shekara guda.

Danna hoto don faɗaɗawa

M t (o C)+22 Haihuwa (inji mai kwakwalwa)30 – 60 Tsararraki a kowace shekara1 – 5 Kwai (mm)0,7 – 0,16 Tsutsa (mm)3 – 4 Doll (mm)Tsawon 1.75 - 3

Nisa 0.8 - 1.3 Imago (mm)1,5–2,5 Reswanƙarar wahala40 zuwa 50 kwari a kowace

100 karafuna na raga

Abubuwan halittu masu ilimin halitta na Yaren mutanen Sweden tashi

Wanda ya fara bayyana yadda ya tashi daga kasar Sweden shine Karl Linnaeus, sanannen masani ne kuma mai karbar haraji. Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan 30 na wannan kwaro ne sanannu, waɗanda ke rarrabe ta hanyar jarabawar abinci.

Yaren mutanen Sweden ba zai iya yin fahariya da launi mai launi. Ga alama ba shi da ma'amala kuma yana da wuya a rarrabe shi da “'yan uwansa”

Mafi cutarwa a cikin latularmu sune nau'ikan 2:

• Sha'ir tashi - kwari yana daidaita sosai ga fari. Don yin tsari, ya fi son sha'ir mai tushe, wanda aka nuna da sunan. Hakanan, wannan nau'in tashi na Yaren mutanen Sweden yana rinjayar masara, alkama.
• Oatmeal - abubuwan zaɓin dandano ana nuna su a cikin taken. Kwaro ne keɓe a kan amfanin gona na hatsi. Kwaro yana jure yanayin zafi da kyau, yana ƙaunar zafi.

Na dogon lokaci, an daidaita tsari na sha'ir da oat kamar zuriya ɗaya.

Yadda zaka gane swedish fly

Ga tsofaffi, fasali masu zuwa halaye ne:

• tsawon baki mai ruwan hoda mai haske shine 1.5-2.5 mm,
• ƙasa irin ƙwaro, kafafu rawaya,
• m fuka-fuki tare da ƙarancin ƙorafa,
• a kan madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar kai akwai karamin proboscis da eriya mai baƙi,
• garkuwa ta kewaya, baya tana da sauki, ba tare da tazara ko ta kai tsaye ba,
• dimbin jima'i ana bayyana shi ta wani tsarin daban na halittar.

Qwai mai elongated suna cylindrical a cikin madara ko launi caramel. A kan kwasfa, tsintsaye an rarrabe su. Tinyan girman girman kwai ba ya wuce mm 0.8.

Yaya tsutsa take kama da:

• Hatching tsutsa na Yaren mutanen Sweden tashi, fari, m. Yayinda suke girma, launin jiki yakan samu launin shuɗi, lemon tsami.
• Jikin yana da silima, ya kasu kashi goma sha uku. A gefen baya an daidaita shi da kyau, tapers zuwa wutsiya kuma ya tsaya a waje cikin mummunan yanayin.
• Spines suna kan kowane bangare, tare da taimakon wanda saurayin ya motsa.
• Shugaban kusan bai fito waje ba. Ana wakilcin ramin baka ta hanyar maɗaukakkiyar sifar marassa lafiya, launin da yake canzawa tare da haɓakar tsutsa daga haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa baki.

Pupation yana faruwa a cikin ɗakunan ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ruwan kasa. Hanyoyi guda biyu suna bayyane a ƙarshen bayanta, 4 haƙarukan a gaban.

A bayanin kula! Tsarin kwari da ake kera su sune saplings, kamar yadda larvae ke mamayar da tsiro na hatsi seedlings.

Siffofin abinci da rayuwa

Kwaro yana ciyar da lokacin hunturu a cikin matakin lardin, ko kuma a cikin ɗaliban ɗaliban, wanda amintaccen kariya ne daga sanyi ta hanyar ɗumamar ɗalibai. Ana samun daidaikun mutane cikin harbe ciyawar daji da kuma kayan amfanin gona na hunturu, a cikin tsoratarwar. A cikin bazara, lokacin da ƙasa taƙama mai zafi har zuwa zazzabi na 12-14 ° C, larvae ya zama rayuwa, fara ciyar da ƙarfi da girma. Swedishan matashi na ƙasan Yaren mutanen Sweden suna fitowa akan alkama na hunturu da sauran tsiro na noman rani yayin huzu.

Shekarun farko na sha'ir da kwalliyar oat yana farawa a ƙarshen Afrilu, farkon Mayu kuma an ƙaddara shi da matsayin ƙasa.

A bayanin kula! Dangane da lura da manoma, jirgin kwari ya zo daidai da farkon itacen apple na fure.

Abincin imago ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire masu fure. Babban tushen abinci mai gina jiki a gare su shine nectar na furanni. An ga liesan Sweden da furanni a kan furanni na buckwheat, colza, anise, lupine, vetch, dandelion, yarrow, da valerian officinalis. A cewar wasu rahotanni, kwari da aphids, wadanda suka isa neman sinadari, basa karkatar da hankalinsu.

Tsammani na rayuwar kwari na Sweden ya dogara da yanayin meteorological da abinci. Ba tare da abinci ba, ba za su iya rayuwa sama da kwanaki 7. A cikin kyakkyawan yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje, karɓar syrup, manya suna rayuwa har zuwa kwanaki 49. A fagen, rayuwar rai ta fi guntu kuma ba ta wuce kwanaki 28.

Abin lura ne cewa Yaren mutanen Sweden suna son cika wurare masu kyau da dumama da rana tare da ciyayi mai ƙarancin tsiro.

Kiwo

10-30 kwanaki bayan tashi daga rago, mutane da suka manyanta suka fara yin aure. Mace suna da ilhami don kula da zuriya. Mace ta mutum tana bincika irin shuka da za a yi oviposition, saboda ci gaban larva da yawan jama'a gabaɗaya ya dogara da wannan. Tana neman tumbin matasa, shanyewar jiki da goge su da gashin baki, kamar kana neman ƙarfi da dogaro.

Matasa mai tushe ne kawai suka dace da kwanciya ƙwai. Mafi yawan amfanin gona suna kamuwa da cuta a kashi na biyu. Arancin yau da kullun, kwaro yana sanya zuriya akan tsire-tsire tare da ganye 4. Mai tushe fiye da ganye 5 ba a la'akari da sha'ir da kwari oat. A kan alkama na hunturu, kwari a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden na iya sa kwai a cikin yanayin zafi ko da bayan bayyanar ganye na farko.

Ana sanya embryos a kan mai tushe ko fim ɗin seedling na abubuwan da ke shigowa kuma kusan ba a kan takardar kanta ba. A lokacin cin abinci na hatsi, qwai suna cikin fim ɗin spikelet. Shuka masara Yaren Yaren mutanen Sweden kwalliya tana jawo hankalin kawai a cikin matakai na ganye na 1-3.

A bayanin kula! A lokacin kakar, ƙarni 5 na rayuwa mai yiwuwa ne, wanda, ya danganta da lokacin abin da ya faru, ƙara yawan tushe, kunnuwa, sharan amfanin gona, seedlings na noman hunturu.

Ci gaban ciki tayi daga kwana 3 zuwa 8. Mafi yawan zafin jiki shine 21-22 ° C. Tare da rage yawan zafin jiki, haɓaka haɓaka zai ragu. Hatching larvae ciji kara kuma fara ciyar da tarko. Ba su da hannu musamman kuma suna yin rayuwar sirri. Larvae na Yaren mutanen Sweden ya fara balaga 3, bayan haka sun wuce zuwa matakin karatun. A lokacin rani mutane, kan aiwatar a cikin wannan shuka da suka ci.

Tsanani da hanyoyi

Matsakaicin sake tashi daga cikin kwari da ke cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga mai mallakar ƙasar. Harmfularfin kwari ya dogara da lokacin bayyanar su, da ƙarfin sasantawa, zaɓi wani wuri a kan shuka don kwanciya kwai, kazalika da yanayin yanayin rakiyar. Liesarfe na ƙarni na ƙarshe suna cutar da cuta mafi yawa.

Rushewar kwari da ke cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden ya bayyana a cikin abubuwa masu zuwa:

• girma retardation na matasa harbe, harbe, wani lokacin har ma da mutuwa,
• thickening daga tushe, fadada ganye farantin ganye,
• yawan amfanin ƙasa
• idan ya lalace yayin busa ƙaho, karar da abin ya shafa ya zama ya zama na fata, mai lanƙwasa,
• bayyanar Yaren mutanen Sweden tashi a kan masara a lokacin germination take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa larvae ci sama da girma mazugi da seedlings mutu.

Matakan da za a sarrafa sha'ir da ƙamshin oat sun sauko zuwa ga matakan masu zuwa:

1. Nisan zurfin ƙasa.
2. Zaɓin nau'in hatsi mai tsauri.
3. Shuka aiki a cikin mafi kyau farkon sharuddan.
4. Ciyar da filayen tare da amfanin gona na hunturu.
5. Lokaci mai laushi peeling.
6. Tare da kamuwa da cuta, ana kula da kwari.

Menene kamarsa

A cikin balagaggen, jiki mai tsawon jiki yana auna 1.5-2.5 mm a cikin launi baki. A cikin mace, ciki ne mafi lokacin farin ciki kuma ƙare tare da kunkuntar ovipositor. Scutellum zagaye, dawo da dan kadan convex santsi.

Ingsarfin arean tsiraru ne bayyananniya tare da kayan ƙarfe. A kai akwai ƙananan proboscis da baƙi na baki.

Abin da ke da haɗari ga alkama na hunturu

Yaren mutanen Sweden tashi yana haifar da babbar lalacewa ga alkama hunturu a kaka. Flying a karshen Satumba, mace sa qwai a cikin ganye sinuses na matasa harbe a lokacin na biyu ganye. Daga nan sai aka dakatar da kwanciya qwai, kuma bayan ya kai kashi 50% na ganyen na uku, yawanci yakan tsaya.

Chingyancin ƙwaya mai narkewa, waɗanda suke da girma sau biyu kamar balagagge, su shiga cikin harbe a gindin tushe. A can suke cinye hanya, suna zuwa kwaro na kunne, suna ci da ƙwayayen madara.

Idan larvae na Yaren mutanen Sweden tashi lalata babban tushe, al'ada ta mutu, saboda wanda yawan amfanin ƙasa ke raguwa sosai - kashi 50%.

Tunani! Larvae na Yaren mutanen Sweden yana lalata lalace kusan nau'ikan 20 na horar da 'yan ciyayi 46 na ciyayi.

Dalilin bayyanar

Babban dalilin faruwarsa shine iyawar dacewa da yanayin hawa daban.. Akwai wasu dalilai waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar jama'a a alkama na hunturu:

1. Long zafi kaka. Yawan lalacewa yana ƙaruwa (a zazzabi na + 10 ° С kwari ya riga ya shiga hibernates).
2. Tashin hankali. Yanayin bushewa yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban aiki da haɓaka larvae.
3. Yanayin abinci don ci gaban amfanin gona na hunturu. Yawancin abinci ya shiga shuka, da karfi yake, matakan ci gaba ke faruwa da sauri. A sakamakon haka, a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden tashi, lokacin cin abincin ya ragu, tunda yana cutar da wani sashi na lokacin shuki.
4. Zazzabi mai kyau na tsawon girma na larvae (a saman +10 ° C).
5. Searancin ikon ƙaura kan nesa mai nisa.

Bayyanar cututtuka na rauni

Da farko dai, larvae yana shafar cigaban tushe. Ganyen tsakiya yana bushewa kuma yana zama ja, wani lokacin gaba ɗaya baya cikin shi: ko dai ya ɓace ko baya fita daga sinus. Ana gano alamun lalacewa ta waje ta hanyar tashi daga Yaren mutanen Sweden kimanin makonni biyu bayan sulhunta.

Dankin yana ƙoƙarin yin jagorancin sojoji zuwa wuraren da aka lalace, saboda haka launi na ganye ya zama kore sosai, kuma mai tushe ya yi kauri. Istswararru kan wannan tushen daidai tantance kasancewar Yaren mutanen Sweden suna tashi a filayen alkama.

Agrotechnical

Hanyoyi mafi inganci:

1. Juyin juyawa. Mafi kyawun magabata: Legumes (Clover, alfalfa, Peas, waken soya, vetch-oat cakuda), masara, ganyaye na shekara banda masara da ciyawar Sudan. Fiye da shekaru biyu, shuka alkama a yanki ɗaya ba shi da amfani.
2. Zabin Mai Dorewa tare da fiber mai ƙarfi wanda ke kare karye daga lalacewa ta larvae.
3. Shuka iri iri (alal misali, Mirostan, Chaus, Krasnodol) a lokutan da suka dace domin amfanin gona na hunturu ya fara tashi da sanyi lokacin da kwari suka bushe.
4. Inara yawan shuka hatsi, don haka daga yawan kunnuwa masu tsiro, babban sashi ya rayu kuma amfanin gona ya kasance daidai matakin.
5. Yin zurfin noma kasar gona.
6. Aikace-aikacen Nitrogen a kan filayen tare da amfanin gona na hunturu don ƙara mahimmancin tsire-tsire.

Chemical

A lokacin kwanciya kwanciya da lokacin bazara, ana gudanar da aikin sinadarai na alkama. Yin amfani da jirgin sama, amfanin gona na hunturu suna dasawa lokacin da ci gaban su ya kasance a farkon lokacin ganye. A wurare da yawa, hexachloran 12% na ƙasa ana amfani dashi sosai.

Yawan yawan kwari masu cutarwa ta hanyar feshi yana raguwa organochlorine da jami'ai na kwayoyin. Hakanan ana amfani da magungunan kwari, kamar Cruiser da Celest Top.

Hankali! Mutuwar tashi bayan sarrafawa ya kai kashi 93%, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa da 20% ko fiye.

Matakan hanawa

Domin amfanin gona mai yawa ayyukan m:

1. Peeling na lokaci ciyawa don lalata kwaro da larvae.
2. Shuka babban iri-iri iri. Suna ba da ƙauna da ƙaƙƙarfan harbewa, kuma waɗannan sun fi tsayayya wa hare-hare na tashi daga cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden.
3. Tsarin hatsi da shuka a cikin ƙasa. Magungunan da aka yi amfani da su "Gaucho", "Cruiser".
4. Amfanin gona tare da amfanin gona zai fi dacewa sanya bayan Legumes na takin ko jere amfanin gona.

Bug bug

Kwaro ya fi son cin alkama, da lalata amfanin gonar hunturu da na bazara. A waje, yana kama da ƙaramin kunkuru. Tsarin cirar kwaro yana da alaƙar kai tsaye da lokacin ciyawar hatsi, sabili da haka, a duk lokacin bazara, kunkuru yana jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki, yana haifar da babbar illa a cikin filayen da kuma kantin sayar da abinci.

Thrips

Alkama na alkama suna cutar da hunturu da alkama na bazara, kazalika da wasu ƙwaro na hatsi na hatsi. C Hartar da duka manya da larvae. Kwaro yana cin ruwan 'ya'yan itace sabo daga kunn masara ko daga wani ganye mai ɗumi, a sakamakon sa hatsi ya daina girma.

Hatsi a cikin kunne suna karɓar lalacewa mai zurfi - sun zama mai guntu, marasa ƙarfi, wanda ke shafar ingancin ƙwayar gaba ɗaya. A waje, thrips karamin tashi ne mai launi mai launin ruwan kasa-shuɗi tare da fuka-fukan da ba ƙarancin girma da girman 1.3-1.5 mm.

Leasa irin ƙwaro

Leasa irin ƙwaro yana lalata alkama na hunturu. A larvae na wannan kwaro fara aiki a lokacin kiwon da kuma farkon tillering na seedlings. Suna cin ganye da yara mai tushe, suna juyawa bushes na alkama zuwa fiber mai sosai. Beetan ƙwayoyin tsofaffi sun bugi kunnuwa. Sukan fasa kunnuwan masara, rudani irin hatsi, Suna ɗanɗano hatsi.

Girman cutar - 12-17 mm, launi - resin baƙar fata tare da tint na tagulla. Shugaban yana da girma, antennae gajere ne, elytra suna convex tare da zurfi, tsintsiya madaidaiciya.

Weevil

Bugun murran tsohuwar tsariyar proboscis ce.. Tare da taimakonsa, ciwan kwari yana lalata daskararren hatsi ko alkama. An dauki Weevil ɗayan manyan kwari masu hatsari na amfanin hatsi - alkama, sha'ir, bulo, masara, da taliya, wanda ke sa hannun jari a wuraren girke-girke da kuma manyan shagunan hatsi marasa amfani.

Kwaro yana da jikin elongated kusan 4 mm a girma, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baki cikin launi. Idan akwai fuka-fuki, bai dace da tashi ba, amma yana motsa nisa a kan jiragen ruwa da jiragen ƙasa tare da hatsi na masana'antu.

Yadda za a magance kwari alkama

Tsarin Kula da Cututtuka da Tsarin rigakafin suna kusan iri ɗaya kuma sun haɗa da:

1. Abubuwa masu tsoratarwa: ciyawar ciyawa da kuma zurfin kaka mai zurfi, jujjuyawar amfanin gona da kwanakin shuka, namo iri daban-daban.
2. Chemical: feshin hatsi tare da maganin kwari, kamar Karate, Arrivo, Fastak, Actelik.
3. M: kafin tsomawa a cikin gidajen abinci, suturar hatsi tare da carbendazim, mancozeb, samfuran tushen triticonazole. Kazalika iyakar bushewa samfurin, tsaftacewar wuraren shakatawa, tsabtace shagon, alal misali, tare da vapors formalin (bayan hakan, ana kiyaye shagon cikin tsawan kwanaki 2-3, sannan a sanyaya a hankali).

Kammalawa

Yaren Sweden da sauran kwari waɗanda ke ciyar da nau'in alkama na hunturu, ba tare da matakan kariya na kan lokaci ba, na iya lalata amfanin gona gaba ɗaya. Ta hana asarar amfanin gona, kwararru a hadaddun ke aiwatar da aikin gona, sinadarai da hanyoyin kariya na kwaro kwayoyi a cikin filayen da kuma hatsi.

Ilimin halittar jiki

Imago. Jirgin sama ya tashi 1.5-2.5 mm. Launi na baki ne. Tushen ciki shine rawaya daga ƙasa, ƙafafu suna da baki tare da paws na rawaya. Tsawon cheeks a cikin kunkuntar wuri ya ƙasa da tsawon sashi na uku na eriyar, amma ya fi ƙarfin diamita na tibia a gwaggon biri. Matsakaicin tsayin daka na bangarorin II da III na arista shine 0.52 - 0.57. Fuka fukafukan su bayyane.

Dimorphism na jima'i. Mutane daban-daban na maza-maza sun sha banban da tsarin gabobin maza. Ana amfani da tsarin halittar maza da mata don tantance jinsin daidai.

Kwai 0.7 - 0.16 mm. A form ne elongated cylindrical. Launi fari ne ko cream.

Tsutsa ya ƙunshi sassa 13 a bayyane rarrabuwa. Launi na tsutsa wanda ya gama ci gaba shine yadudduka-yellow, kamannin jikin shine silili. Jikin da ke a gaban ya nuna, zagaye a bayan.A gefen kashi akwai dunkulallu biyu masu fuka-fukai masu fuka-fuka tare da rairaya suna da jijiyoyin jiki uku. A kan kowane yanki, babban layin kashin baya ba shi bane, sabanin tsutsa na tsalle-tsalle na barley Swedish (Oscinella pusilla). Wani lokaci akwai ragowar kashin baya a cikin hanyar ɗayan tube guda ko biyu a gefuna abin nadi. Yankin trailing an samo shi ne ta hanyar juzu'i ɗaya ko biyu na ƙananan hanji. Tsawon 3 - 4 mm.

Doll. Tsawon puparia shine 1.75 - 3 mm, fadin shine 0.8 - 1.3 mm. Tsarin shine sililin, launin ruwan kasa. Hanyoyi hudu a gabanta, matakai biyu a karshen na bayanta.

Phenology na ci gaba (a cikin kwanaki)

JuyawaCikakke Cikakken sake zagayowar22 – 46 Kwai (amfrayo)5 – 38 Tsutsa20 – 28

Ci gaba

Imago. Generationan farkon kwari suna tashi daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu, daidai lokacin ya dogara da yanayin nesa. Mutane daban-daban sun fi ƙarfin jini da ƙarancin zafi fiye da manya na Barley Swedish fly (Oscinella pusilla) suna da sauƙin ƙaura. Suna ciyar da furannin nectar na furanni.

Lokacin yanka. Ana lura da lafuzza kai tsaye bayan tashi. Haɓakar ƙwai a cikin jikin mace na faruwa ne saboda yawan ƙoshin mai. Kwancen ƙwai yana faruwa a kwanaki 3-5 bayan tashiwar mace. Haihuwa - guda 30-60. Saduwa da kwari tare da shuka abinci yana da matukar muhimmanci ga copulation coci da balaga; a cikin rashi, ba a yin jinkiri ba kuma ƙwaya ba ta girma. Idan akwai isasshen abinci na forage, ana sake maimaita haɗin cokali da kwanciya. Zai iya zuwa hawan keke 4, galibi sau 1 - 2.

Ana sanya ƙwai ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya a farko a farkon bayan cotyledon ganye na hatsi (coleoptile) na matasa harbe, har ma a kan mai tushe, don ƙwanƙwasa ganye, don fure da spikelet Sikeli, a cikin ƙasa ramummuka da kuma a kan ta saman da harbe. Fan itacen oat na ƙasar Sweden ba su saka ƙwai akan tsire-tsire da aka lalata da cicadas ba.

Lokacin da yafi dacewa don kamuwa da hatsi shine lokacin harbi tare da ganyayyaki 2-3. Kwanciya qwai akan tsire-tsire a cikin zafin daga baya yana haifar da mutuwar larvae, saboda mawuyacin shigar azzakari cikin farji. Ragewa da hawan zafin jiki (sama da + 35 ° C) suna haifar da dakatar da oviposition.

Kwai tasowa akan matsakaita kwana 5 zuwa 10. A + 22 ° C - kwana 10, kuma a + 14 ° C 35-38 kwana.

Tsutsa bayan ya huda, sai ya shiga tsakiyar kara (harba) da ciyarwa akan kyallen kwayar haɓaka. Tsararrakin bazara na iya haɓakawa a cikin spikelet na amfanin gona saboda hatsi. A masara, tsutsa yana lalata ganye kawai. Tsawancin ci gaban lardin na zamanin bazara shine kwanaki 20 - 28. A wannan lokacin, tsutsa yana wuce shekaru uku. Larvae na ƙarshe a cikin puparia a cikin stalks na hatsi overwinter.

Doll tasowa 11 zuwa 25 days.

Imago. Samuwar kwari generationan ƙarni na biyu sun zo daidai da tsarin kunne ko fure da kunnuwa na amfanin gona. Generationabi'a ta biyu tana haɓaka albarkatun gona na sha'ir na bazara da hatsi. Na uku, kuma wani lokacin na huɗu - akan tsohuwar kunnuwa na masara, harbe na hunturu da ciyawa.

Siffofin haɓaka. Daga ƙarni ɗaya zuwa biyar vaguely rarrabuwa yana iya haɓaka kowace kakar. A cikin wuraren da kwari suka fi cutarwa, ana ganin ci gaban ƙarni biyu zuwa uku. Generationaya daga cikin ƙarni na tasowa kwana 22 zuwa 46.

Tsarin ilimin halittar dan adam

Dangane da ilimin halittar mutum (fitowar) na imago, sha'anin Sweden sha'ir (Oscinella pusilla) yana kusa da jinsin da aka bayyana. Ya bambanta a cikin cewa rabo na tsawon ɓangare na biyu na arista zuwa na uku shine 0, 27 - 0, 31. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwanƙwasa ƙasa, ƙashin ciki na ciki, tibia na gaban da ta tsakiya suna da launin rawaya, kuma ƙarancin duhu mai duhu yana iya gani akan kafafun kafa. Har zuwa kwanan nan, sha'anin sha'ir na Sweden da tashi mai oat ɗin Sweden an bayyana shi azaman bambancin jinsi iri guda.

Bayan wannan nau'in, Oscinella nigerrima galibi ana samun shi a Yammacin Turai, wanda shima yayi kama da ilimin dabbobi ga manya tare da Oatmeal Swedish fly (Oscinell afrit).

An tattara labarin ta amfani da waɗannan abubuwan:

Bei-Bienko G. Ya Bayyana alamun kwari na sashin Turai na USSR a cikin kundin biyar. T V. Kwana biyu. Fleas. Kashi na biyu na. Buga gidan "Kimiyya", Leningrad, 1970. - 945 p.

Vasiliev V.P. Karin kwari na amfanin gona da na gandun daji: A cikin tan 3 - T. 2. Arthropods masu cutarwa, shinge. - Na biyu ed., Rev. kuma kara. / Karkashin duka. ed. V.P. Vasiliev, Editocin ƙarar V.G. Dolin, V.N. Stovbchatyy .-- K.: Girbi, 1988 576., rashin lafiya. KO

Vereshchagin L. N. Cututtukan kwari da cututtuka na amfanin gona. - K.: Univest Siyayya, 2001. —128 p.

Takardar jihar da magungunan kashe qwari da takin zamani wadanda aka yarda da su a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, 2014. Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona na Tarayyar Rasha (Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Rasha) & nbspSauke >>>

Kwaro da kwari sune kwari na amfanin gona. Juzu'i na IV Yanar gizo da kuma diflorous. Editocin na girma E.N. Narchuk, V.A. Tryapitsyn. Leningrad, “Kimiyya”, Leningrad Branch, 1981.

Orlov V.N. Karin kwari na hatsi amfanin gona. - M. Bugawa City, 2006 - 104 p.