Tamarin na sarki karamin karamin biri ne dangin marmoset. Iyalin suna da nau'ikan kananan kabilu 40 na kananan birai, 17 daga cikinsu na cinikin tamani. Amma a yau ina so in yi magana game da jarirai masu ƙyalli masu ban mamaki da bayyanar sabon abu. M da wahala, lalle za su sa ka murmushi.

Taron farko

An bayyana tamarin na basal din kwanan nan. Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka nuna biri, an kawata su da fararen gemu da gashin baki, sai suka yanke hukuncin yin dariya, suka ce dabbobin sun yi kama da Sarkin Prussia da kuma Sarkin Jamus, William II. Musamman idan kun kukan gashin-baki na dabbar. Kuma, kodayake hoton kamarsa ya ƙare a wurin, biri ya karɓi lakabi mai zurfi wanda ya zama sanannen gidan "abin wasa".

Bayyanar

Tunda babban halin labarin shine tamarin na sarki, bayanin dabba ba zai zama mai daukaka ba. Ana ganin biri a matsayin nau'in dwarf, tunda tsayin jikinsu baya wuce cm 25. Yakai kimanin gram 300. Amma sautin hannu na hannu da na katako na iya tsawan jiki fiye da jikin mai shi.

Duk da motsi da halinsa na ɓacin rai, tamarine na sarki yana da daraja da girma. Kyakkyawan prank na yanayi, wanda ya ba jinsin gemu da gashin baki, yana fifita dabbobi kuma yana jan hankalin su. Amma launi na gashi ga jarirai shine mafi yawan jama'a: bayyananne, launin ruwan kasa ko kusan baki. A kirji da kai, “kyawawan” gashin gashi mai narkewa na iya zamewa. Wool na iya samun farin ƙarfe ko ƙwallan zinari.

Abin mamaki, ƙananan dodanni, ba kamar danginsu ba, ba su da kusoshi a hannayensu, amma kaifi mai kaifi. The tamarin na sarki yana amfani da wannan na'urar don hawa bishiyoyi.

Zai yi wuya mutum yayi tunanin macen da zata yi alfahari da gemu da gemu. Amma matan tamarins tabbas suna ganin dalilin fahariya a cikin waɗannan kayan adon. Gashin-baki da gemu na mace na iya girma zuwa ga mahaifa, kuma suna farin cikin shirya shararrun gashi, tare da haɗawa da juna tare da ƙarin tsawon tari. Hankalin kulawa da gemu da gashin baki alama ce ta sadarwar iyali da kuma dabi'un kananan dabbobi.

Me tamarin tamirin?

Jikin wannan yarinyar dan karami ne, ba ya girma cikin tsayi sama da santimita 25. Yawan taro tamarin tamari shine kimanin gram 300.

Wutsiya na tsoho tana da tsawo sosai, galibi tana daidai da girman jiki. Saboda wannan fasalin, ba zaku iya faɗi nan da nan cewa tamarin ƙaramin biri ba ne. Wutsiyar tana taimakawa wajen daidaita dabbar lokacin da take tafiya tare da rassan bishiyoyi, lokacinda tayi yunƙurin kaiwa ɗan itacen 'ya'yan itace mai daɗi na gaba.

Tamarines sune birai bishiyoyi.

Jawo dabbar yana da launin launi, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin launi mai duhu. Iyakar abin da kawai aka cire sune gashin baki da gemu: suna da farin tamarins, kamar dai launin toka. Wannan shi ne abin da ke jan hankalin wasu mutane zuwa ga wannan kyakkyawan biri daga dangin Marmoset. Af, waɗannan ƙananan mustakes ne suka ba wa suna tamarin - na sarki. Gaskiyar ita ce tunda sun gano wannan nau'in biri, nan da nan masana kimiya suka tuna da gashin baki na sarki William na biyu. Ta haka ne da biri marmoset ya zama sananne da tamarin na sarki.

Matsayin iyali

Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan birai ba, al'adun gargajiyar sarauta suna cikin mulkin tamirin. Yarinyar mafi tsufa ta zama shugaban halittar. Matsayi na gaba na zamantakewa an keɓe shi ga youngeran mata. Kuma maza suna cikin matakin ƙarancin matsayi. Aikinsu na kai tsaye shi ne canjawa daga sanduna daga wuri zuwa wuri da kuma samun abinci don dangin duka.

Iyali yawanci ya ƙunshi dabbobi 10-15. Yana jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun kuma yawancin lokaci yana motsawa tare da rawanin bishiyoyi. Iyalin yana kare yankinsa daga baƙi. Za a fitar da kowane irin tamarin na bashin waje guda daga inda yake zama. Af, yanki ne yawanci quite m. Kowane iyali yana da hectare 50 na gandun dajin nasa.

Inda tamarin na zaune

Wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwa a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi wanda ke girma akan yankin Kudancin Amurka. Ana samun Tamarins a Brazil, Peru da Bolivia.

Babban jan hankalin tamarin shine gashin-baki.

Menu na yau da kullun

Baƙon abu bane a ɗauka cewa waɗannan ƙananan halittu sun farauto wasu dabbobi. Tushen abincin abincin tamirin na basussuka iri-iri ne da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Godiya ga ƙarfin aiki da ƙarfi, da kuma wutsiya mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, ƙananan dabbobi a sauƙaƙe suna riƙe da rassan itace na bakin ciki, suna kaiwa ga harbe harbe da fure. Sau da yawa ana cin furanni, kuma ana iya cin ƙwai na tsuntsu azaman abin ci.

Rayuwar tamarin tamarin da abinci

Wadannan birai dabbobi ne masu kiba. Don irin wannan hanyar rayuwa, yanayi ya ba su duk abin da suke buƙata: dogon wutsiya, maƙaryaciya da madaidaici.

Tamarins suna ƙoƙarin gujewa buɗe sarari. Waɗannan magabatan biri suna zaune a cikin ƙananan rukuni waɗanda a ciki ba su da mutane 10. Ungiyar garken da aka kafa a hankali tana tsaron yankinta. Idan ba zato ba tsammani sauran tamarin sun yi yawo a nan, za a kwashe su nan da nan.

Masana kimiyya suna ganin asarar gashi na yau da kullun wata alama ce ta halayyar tamirin. Gashi kawai ake yanke. Tamarins suna ba da wannan "sabis" ga juna, yayin da kuma ke tattaunawa da juna.

Arinarfin tamirin na zaune a cikin ƙananan rukuni.

Abincin tamirin na sarki ya ƙunshi abinci na shuka. Suna cin kowane nau'in fruitsa ofan itace da bishiyoyi da tsirrai. Suna son yin liyafa a kan m ganye da harbe da kuma furanni.

Wasu lokuta ana kuma hada abincin dabbobi a cikin abincinsu, misali: frogs da lizards. Idan tamarin ya sami kwai na tsuntsu akan bishiya, to zai ci shi ba tare da bata lokaci ba.

Dabbar ta hanyar kiwo da kiwo

A tsakanin iyalai, ba a ƙirƙira nau'i-nau'i. Arinarfin tamanin na dabbobin dabbobi ne. Mace na mata biyun, gwargwadon matsayin matsayi. Matasa mutane ba za su taɓa yin aure kafin 'yan mata tsofaffi ba.

Tashin hankali na da juna biyu ba da dadewa ba ga irin waɗannan jariran. Matsakaicin lokacin shine kwanaki 45. Mama tana da jarirai 1 ko 2. Triplet yana da wuya sosai. Zamanin farko dayan zuriya basu da taimako. Yawan nauyinsu bai wuce gram 35 ba, amma a lokaci guda sun riga sun sami gashin baki da gemu! Mata suna ciyar da jarirai kowane awanni 2, kuma a tsakani, sukan hau kan ubanninsu. A lokaci guda, kowane ɗan garken na iya dogaro da kulawa da kulawar kowane ɗa namiji.

Yaran sun kai wani 'yanci wata uku, kuma a shekara ɗaya da rabi sun fara balaga. A wannan lokacin, tamarin na sarki dole ne ya zabi zabi mafi mahimmanci a rayuwarsa: kasancewa cikin dangin iyayen ko kuma kafa ƙungiya ta iyali.

Yaduwa da tamarins

Tamarina mai ciki mace ta haihu har tsawon watanni 1.5. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa bayan irin wannan gajeren ciki, an haifi jarirai marasa taimako kuma suna nauyin gram 35 kawai.

Amma cuba'yanda sun riga sun haihu suna da sanannen gemun Tamarino da eriya. Matsayin mazaunin wadannan magadan ya canza duk kulawa ga jarirai zuwa kafadu na rabin rabin fakitin.

Taman ƙaramin tamirin tuni a cikin wata na uku na rayuwa sun zama ƙasa ko ƙasa da haka: suna iya motsawa su ci kansu. Bayan haka, lokacin da suka kai shekaru 1.5, youngya youngya mata sun kasance a cikin danginsu, kuma maza sun bar ta, suna "haɗuwa" da wasu garken.

Tamarin tam na ciki

Tarin tamirin na zaune a cikin yanayi na kusan shekaru 10 zuwa 15.

Tasirin mutane

A yau, mafarkin mutane da yawa masu son dabbobi masu ban sha'awa shine tamarin na sarki. Hoto na wannan dabbar yana cinye zuciya, girmanta yana sanya dabbar ta dace da kiyaye gida. Yara sun saba wa masu shi da ƙauna, amma da yawa daga cikinsu suna wahala ko ma mutu yayin yin sufuri, saboda ana jigilar su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, ba tare da ƙirƙirar halayen da suka dace ba. Wannan halin ba zai iya shafar adadin kyawawan maza maza na dabi'a ba. Koyaya, mafi haɗari ga ƙananan birai za a iya ɗauka ba sha'awar kulawa da gida ba, amma lalata gandun daji na wurare masu zafi.

Har zuwa yau, wannan nau'in asalin ba a la'akari da shi ko ƙarami bane, amma an rarrabe shi azaman dabba mai rauni, saboda sha'awar su tana haɓaka, yanayin mazaunin "sarakuna" yana raguwa da sauri.

Lambar

Bayyananniyar yanayin waɗannan alamuran ban dariya suna jawo hankalin masu fa'idodin mata waɗanda ke kama tamarin don tarin tarin kamfanoni da siyarwa a wuraren kiwon dabbobi da wuraren kiwon dabbobi.

A halin yanzu, waɗannan birai an sanya su matsayin "nau'in mawuyacin hali".

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Fasali da mazaunin tamarin

Tamarin - mazaunin gandun-daji daga ƙungiyar farko. Kowa ya san cewa dabbobi masu shayar da dabbobi masu kafafu huɗu, waɗanda ake kira birai, suna cikin manyan magabatanta, kuma a tsarinsu da kimiyyar lissafi ana ɗaukar su masana kimiyya sune halittar mafi kusanci ga mutane.

Akwai nau'ikan waɗannan dabbobi da yawa a cikin yanayi. Ɗayansu birai ne masu ɗumbin baki mallakar gidan marmosets, ana kiranta tamarines. Tsawon jikin waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin shine kawai cm 18-31 amma kuma duk da ƙaramin girman su, suna da ban sha'awa, amma bakin wutsiya wanda ya kai girman 21 zuwa 44 cm, wanda yake daidai da tsawon jikinsu.

Masana ilimin halitta sun san nau'ikan tamarins goma iri, kuma kowane ɗayansu an rarrabe shi da alamun alamun waje. Da farko, wannan yana nufin canza launin farin ciki mai kauri da taushi, wanda na iya juya ya zama launin shuɗi-baki, baƙi ko fari.

Haka kuma, dabbobi ba safai ake yin su ba, ana iya fentin su a gaba da bayansu da launuka daban-daban. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu fasali na tamarinswanda nau'ikan birai za a iya bambanta su da wani.

Misali, fuskokin wadannan dabbobin na iya zama mara gashi gaba daya ko kuma sun cika girma da gashi wanda yake rufe kambi, haikali, kumatu da kuma dukkan fuskar. Akwai iri iri tare da gemu da gashin baki, tare da launuka masu launuka a cikin bakin.

A cikin hoto, tamarin tamarin da kafarsa

Babban fa'ida da kuma alamar tamarins na sarki shine farinsu fari, kyakkyawa kyakkyawa, gashin baki. Waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi ne masu nauyin 300 kawai. Tamarines na cikin suna zaune a Bolivia, Peru da Brazil.

Talakawa marasa ma'ana suna fitowa a cikin launuka masu launin baki, kuma wannan launi basu da Jawo kawai, amma har da fuska. Suna zaune a Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka, suna yaduwa cikin gandun-daji daga Panama zuwa Brazil. An sanya wa waɗannan biran dinda aka sanya wa suna sunayen ne saboda kasancewar wani haske mai ɗaukar hoto a kai. Ana samun irin waɗannan dabbobi a Kolombiya da kuma gabar tekun Caribbean.

A cikin hoto, tamarin na sarki

Wadansu daga cikin wadannan wakilan jinsunan gwaggwon biri ana daukar su kasada ne kuma doka ta kiyaye ta game da kare yanayin jihohi da dama. Ofaya daga cikin jinsunan masu haɗarin Oedipus tamarin.

Sunan kimiyya: "oedipus" (mai kauri-kafaffen fata), waɗannan dabbobin da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka a cikin yankuna na arewa maso yamma, haka kuma a ɓangare na Kolombiya, an karɓa don farin ciki, mai laushi ko launin shuɗi, ulu yana rufe ƙafafunsu. Daga abin da ƙafãfunsu suke gani da kauri. Kamar yadda kake gani Hoton tamarins oedipus, irin waɗannan birai suna da kyan gani, kuma hotonsu na waje yana da asali.

A cikin hoto na Oedipus, tamarin

A bisa kansu akwai wani nau'i na tsefe a cikin nau'i mai tsayi da fararen gashi, suna tasowa daga ƙwanƙolin wuya kuma ya kusan kusan zuwa kafadu. Bayan dabbobi suna da launin ruwan kasa, da wutsiya ruwan lemo, zuwa ƙarshen - baƙi. Oedipus tamarines Shekaru da yawa sun kasance abin farauta.

Indiyawan sun kashe su ne saboda cin nama. A halin yanzu, jinsunan suna raguwa sakamakon lalata dabbobin daji da suke rayuwa. Bugu da kari, irin wadannan birai ana kama kuma ana siyar da su da yawa ta dillalan dabbobi.

Duba kuma mutum

Oedipus tamarin da ya gabata abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Baƙon Indiyawa sun dafa shi don nama. A tsakiyar karni na XIX, birai dambata sun kasance babbar daraja don kiyayewa a cikin gidajen tarihi na Paris, inda suka karɓi wani suna - pinchet. Dangane da fasalin daya, “pinche” shine sunan kabilan Kudancin Indiya Chibcha (Chibcha), wanda ya kirkiro ɗayan wayewar kai na Kudancin Amurka a cikin ƙarni na XII-XVI, yana tsaye tare da al'adun Mayans, Aztecs da Incas. Sunan kimiyya a cikin jinsunan “oedipus” yana nufin “kauri mai kauri”, tunda oedipus tamarin yana da lafiyayyun yatsun kafaffun da suke da kauri sosai. Sunan Jamusanci na oedipal tamarine "Lisztaffe" an fassara shi da "Liszt biri" - ana bayar dashi ne don girmama mawaki dan kasar Hungary Ferenc Liszt, wanda aka yiwa kansa ado da tarin fari fari a tsufa.

A halin yanzu, mafi yawan gandun daji inda wannan nau'in tamarins suke zaune, kuma inda har yanzu ake samunta, an lalata, birai an kama su don kasuwanci.

Yanayi da salon tamarin

Tamarins sun fi so su zauna a cikin gandun daji mai tarin yawa waɗanda ke da tsire-tsire masu zafi da inabiyan, waɗanda suke son hawa da iska mai sanyi. Dabbobi suna farkawa daga fitowar rana, yawanci suna nuna aiki da rana.

A cikin hoto, oedipus tamarin cub

Amma suma suna bacci da wuri, suna kwana a tsakanin rassan da inabin. Dogon wutsiya muhimmin abu ne na tamarin, saboda yana taimakawa dabba ya riƙa ɗaukar rassan, ta haka yana motsawa daga ɗayan su zuwa wancan. Yawanci, birai sun fi son riƙe ƙananan dangin dangi, waɗanda membobinsu ke da adadin daga 4 zuwa 20 mutane.

Hanyoyin sadarwar su sune: fuskokin fuskokinsu, bayyanar gashi, haɓaka gashi da sautin manyan halayyar. Kuma ta wannan hanyar, suna bayyana yadda suke ji, tunani da motsin zuciyar su, dabbobin suna yin hulɗa da jama'a. Sautin da waɗannan birai ke yi suna cikin wasu yanayi kama da karkatar da tsuntsayen.

A cikin hoto, tamarin zaki na zinariya

Hakanan sun sami damar haifar da kukan da yatsa da whistles. Idan akwai haɗari, a cikin jeji zaka iya jin kukan kururuwar waɗannan dabbobi. Akwai tsari tsakanin dangin tamarine. Babban wanda ke cikin wannan rukunin shine mafi yawan mata. Kuma rabon maza shine ya zama abincin da ake samarwa.

Dabbobin suna alamta wurin zama ta hanyar toshe kogon bishiyoyi, da kare yankin da aka mamaye daga mamayar baƙi da baƙi da ba a so. Membobin gungun tamarins suna kula da juna, suna ciyarwa da isasshen lokacin aiki mai kyau don tsabtace gashin uwansu. Kuma su, biyun, suna yin daidai da danginsu.

A cikin hoto, jan-dauke da tamarin

A cikin gidajen dabbobi na zoos, wanda yawanci suna dauke da yawa nau'in tamarins, keɓaɓɓen shinge ana yin akasari akansu, inda a koyaushe suke rayuwa da keɓaɓɓun tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi, har ma da gonakin inabi da tafkuna, tunda waɗannan dabbobin childrena ofan sune farkon shekarun bazara.

Rarraba da wuraren zama

Northwest South America karamin yanki ne a arewa maso yammacin Kolumbia.

Mahalli na gida suna bushe da danshi mai dausayi tare da vines, a tsawan tsawan zuwa sama da 1,500 sama da matakin teku, zai fi dacewa da gandun daji tare da ƙarancin zurfin teku.

Abincin Tamarina

Biri tamarin Ciyarwa kan abinci mai tsire-tsire: 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, har ma da furanni da kuma ƙanginsu. Amma baya ƙin jin daɗin cin abincin dabbobi.Wadannan halittu masu karamin karfi suna cin kajin da kwayayen tsuntsaye, da kuma wasu kwari da kananan 'yan tsiraru: gizo-gizo, zakoki, macizai da kwaɗi. Irin wadannan birai masu iko ne kuma marasa tsari.

Amma kasancewa cikin zaman talala, suna da ƙarfin rasa abincinsu saboda halin ɗorawa ga abincin da ba a sani ba. A wuraren kiwon dabbobi da wuraren kiwon dabbobi, ana ciyar da ɗakunan 'ya' ya 'ya' ya 'yan' ya 'yantattun dabbobi, waɗanda suke bautar da su, da ƙananan kwari, alal misali, ciyayi, ƙaya, kyankyaso, katako, waɗanda aka ƙaddamar da su musamman a cikin jirgin sama don su kama su da birai.

Bugu da kari, abincin da ake amfani da shi ya rage ya hada da naman da aka dafa, kaji, tururuwa da qwai talakawa, gami da cuku gida da kuma resin bishiyoyi masu zafi.

Yaduwa da tsawon rayuwar tamarin

Kamar kusan dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, tamarin suna yin wani al'ada kafin ma'aurata, wanda aka bayyana a wani irin ladabi na "ladabi" don "matan". Wasannin tsiya na wadannan birai suna farawa a watan Janairu-Fabrairu. Mahaifiyar tamarin mahaifar tana kimanin kwanaki 140. Kuma ya zuwa Afrilu-Yuni, cubs suna bayyana a cikin dabbobi.

Abin sha'awa shine, tamarins na mahaifiya mai haihuwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun haifi tagwaye, kuma bayan watanni shida sun riga sun sami damar haihuwa biyu. Yara suna girma da sauri kuma a cikin shekaru biyu da haihuwa sun riga sun ƙaura kuma suna ƙoƙarin ciyar da kansu.

A cikin hoto, tamarin zinari tare da ɗan rago

Suna kai ga balaga da misalin shekara biyu. Tun da suka girma, yawanci yara basa barin dangin su ci gaba da zama tare da dangi. Dukkanin membobin kungiyar suna kulawa da zuriyar da suka girma, suna kulawa da kare yara kuma suna kawo musu ingantaccen abincin rana.

A cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi, tamarins suna rayuwa lafiya cikin nau'i-nau'i, suna da asali a cikin bauta ba tare da wata matsala ba, kuma iyayen kirki ne masu tausayi. Childrenaramin yara a shirye suke da samun zuriyarsu tun yana ɗan watanni 15. A wuraren dabbobi, waɗannan halittun suna rayuwa tsawon rai, yawanci kimanin shekaru 15, amma a cikin yanayin halayensu galibi suna mutuwa da wuri. A matsakaici, tamarins suna rayuwa kusan shekaru 12.

Tarihin Rayuwa a Zoo

Kuna iya ganin tamarins na oedipal a cikin babban biran biranen, a sabon yankin karkarin dabbobi. Don sanya iska a iska, saboda waɗannan birai suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzukan ruwa na wurare masu zafi, suna da kandami a cikin aviary.

A cikin gidan zu, waɗannan birai suna cin 'ya'yan itace da yawa, hatsi na yara, kaza, ƙwai, cuku gida, kwari mai rai, ɗan kwalliya (resin bishiyoyi masu zafi). An kyale kwari (crickets, baranya, farauta) cikin shinge, kuma tamarin ya kama ya ci su, wannan yana kama da samun abinci a yanayi.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

Tamarins dabbobi ne masu kyau, suna cikin wakilan rukunan dabbobi masu shayarwa, tsari na magabata, dangin marmoset, tamarin tamus.

Mafi tsoffin magabata na dukkan birai sune kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa - mayunto ne. Dangane da binciken da aka gano, yawansu ya zama daidai ne da Pleocene. An gano su a cikin Amurka ta zamani. Waɗannan halittu na yau da kullun ne waɗanda suka haifar da wasu, sifofi masu dacewa da haɓakawa - Littattafan littattafai da tupayas.

Bidiyo: Tamarin

Tsohon ya wanzu a lokacin Paleocene da Eocene a Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Fitowar su tayi kama da beraye ko beraye. Suna da wulakanci mai santsi, bakin ciki, jiki mai tsayi da dogon wutsiya. Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa akan bishiyoyi kuma suna ciyar da kwari da nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri-iri.

Tupai ya rayu a yankin Asiya na zamani a lokacin Eocene da Manyan Paleocene. Suna da hakoran hakora da wata gabar jiki, wanda yake kusa da yadda ilimin halittar magabata yanzu. Daga baya, kan aiwatar da juyin halitta, an rarraba dabbobi tsakanin yankuna daban-daban. Ya danganta da mazauninsu, sun kirkiro wasu halaye na rayuwa da alamu na waje. Dangane da waɗannan fasalulluka, magabatan gado sun kasu gida dabam.

Ina tamarin ke zaune?

Hoto: Tamarin na Sama

Kamar yadda yankin da birai suke zaune, an zaɓi gandun daji na wurare masu zafi tare da ciyayi mai yawa. Da ake bukata ake buƙata shine adadin nau'in ofa fruitan itace da bishiyoyi. Yawancin wakilan wannan nau'in suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na Sabuwar Duniya. Asalinsu yan asalin Kudancin Amurka ne.

Yankuna na tamarins:

Mafi yawan lokutan dabbobi kan kwana a cikin daren ciyayi. Sizean ƙaramin ƙarfi da babban paws mai doguwar wutsiya mai tsayi yana ba dabbobi izinin hawa zuwa saman ƙoshinsu kuma suna more 'ya'yan itaciyar a saman bishiyoyi mafi tsayi. Birai sun fi son yanayin dumama, bushe. Ba sa yin haƙuri da canje-canje a yanayin yanayi, sanyi, da zafi mai zafi.

Birai kusan basa cin lokaci a doron kasa. The fi da lokacin farin ciki kambi na itatuwa taimaka ba kawai don samun isasshen abinci abinci, amma kuma tserewa daga da yawa daga masu hasashen.

Me tamarin ke ci?

Hoto: Oedipus Tamarin

Babban ɓangaren abincin ya ƙunshi abinci na shuka. Koyaya, birai bazai hana abincin asalin dabba ba, alal misali, kwari iri-iri.

Nunin abinci na tamarins:

• 'ya'yan itace
• furanni
• fure nectar
• qwai na wasu nau'in tsuntsaye,
• wasu kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe,
• 'yan amshin shata - kwarkwata, kwaɗi,
• kwari iri iri: ayau, ciyawa, crickets, baranya, gizo-gizo.

Birai suna dauke kusan omnivorous. A cikin yanayin wucin gadi, ana iya ciyar da samfuran samfurori iri iri: cikakke, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu laushi, kayan lambu, kwari, larvae, kaza da ƙwai biyu na kwilan. Hakanan, ana ƙara ƙaramin nama na dafaffen nama da cuku gida a cikin abincin.

Tamarins kusan ba sa shan ruwa. Sukan cika bukatar jiki ta ruwa ta 'ya'yan itaciya masu yalwar bishiyoyi da shishika. Abubuwan da ke wajaba a cikin abincin shine ciyayi, kore da ganyen tsire-tsire matasa, ciyawa.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Zaki Tamarin

Dabbobin suna son hawa bishiyoyi da shukoki daban-daban. A tsauraran matakai daban-daban suna kashe mafi yawan lokacinsu. Kananan birai dabbobi ne na rana. Suna farkawa da hasken rana na farko kuma suna aiki sosai lokacin awoyi na hasken rana. Da zaran rana ta fara faɗi, sai su hau gado, su zaɓi wuri mafi dacewa a jikin rassan bishiyoyi ko creepers. Dogon wutsiya yana taimakawa wajen motsawa daga reshe zuwa reshe, yana rataye a kan vines daga tamarins. Hakanan yana aiki a matsayin mai daidaitawa yayin tsalle-tsalle.

Tamarins ba sa iya haifar da rayuwar rayuwa kawai. Suna zaune cikin rukuni. Girman iyali ɗaya ko rukuni yana daga mutum biyar zuwa ashirin mutane. Birai dabbobi ne masu rai, masu wasa da dabbobi masu motsawa. Suna tattaunawa da juna sosai tare da taimakon fuskoki, fuskoki daban-daban, da kuma farin ulu. Hakanan magabatansu sukan furta sautuka iri-iri. Zasu iya twitter kamar tsuntsaye, ko washegari, wani lokacin hisabi ko guguwa. Idan sun ji kusancin haɗari, sai su yi ta fashewa da ƙara ihu.

Kowane iyali suna da jagora - mafi girma da ƙwararrun mata. Aikin maza shine samar da abinci ga kansu da membobin gidan su. Kowane iyali suna da yanki guda ɗaya, wanda take riƙe da ƙarfi lokacin da baƙi suka bayyana. Kowane ɗayan kowace kabila suna yin alamar yankinsu ta hanyar zub da haushi akan bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi. Hatta ƙananan tamarins suna matukar kishin kare yankinsu. Yawancin lokaci sukanyi gwagwarmaya don yankinsu, ta amfani da kaifi da hakora. Tamarins kan kashe adadi mai yawa na tsaftace danginsu da ulu. Irin wannan lokacin naku yana ba ku damar kawar da parasites kuma yana ba da tausa mai shakatawa.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Tamarina Cub

Wakilan wannan nau'in sun isa lokacin balaga tun yana dan shekara daya da rabi. Daga wannan lokacin sun kirkiro nau'i-nau'i, asali da asali. Lokacin kumbura a birai na faruwa a tsakiyar ko a ƙarshen hunturu. Maza suna lura da sauran rabin kuma suna fara nuna alamun kulawa a cikin kowace hanya mai yiwuwa, suna tsammanin maimaitawa. Maza mata ba koyaushe suke cikin sauri don sake biyan kuɗi ba. Zasu iya lura da kokarin da maza sukeyi na ɗan lokaci, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci ka amsa musu. Idan ma'aurata suka kirkira, ma'aurata suna faruwa, daga nan wanda ciki ke faruwa.

Cutar ciki tana kwana 130-140. An haifi Cubs a ƙarshen bazara, farkon lokacin bazara. Tamarins na mata suna da yawan gaske. Yawancin lokaci suna haihuwar 'ya'ya biyu. Bayan sun kai shekara shida, sun sake shirya haihuwa kuma zasu iya haihuwar wasu tagwayen.

Cubs suna girma kuma suna haɓaka da sauri. Lokacin da yara suka kai wata biyu, yaran sun riga sun kware wajen yawo cikin bishiyoyi da inabansu kuma sun riga sun sami nasu abincin. A cikin kowace iyali, al'ada ce don halayya tare da haɓaka samari. Tsofaffi suna bawa jarirai ɗanɗannun 'ya'yan itace mai ɗanɗano masu ɗaci. Lokacin da jarirai suka bayyana a cikin dangi, dukkan membobinta suna yin wuce gona da iri kuma suna kiyaye amincin su.

Kafin su kai shekaru biyu, matasa masu zuwa suna kusa da iyayensu. Bayan haka, a shirye suke su jagoranci rayuwa mai yanci. Koyaya, ba sa son barin danginsu. Sun kasance cikin rukunin kuma suna tsoma baki cikin al'amuran da suka saba, suna taimakawa don haɓaka zuriya.

A wuraren kiwon dabbobi da kuma wuraren kiwon dabbobi, mon ananan birai suna hulɗa sosai tare da ma'aurata masu aure. Lokacin da aka samar da yanayi mai kyau da isasshen abinci, sukan haifi maraƙi sau biyu a shekara.

Abokan gaba na magunan tamani

Hoto: tamarin kai mai launin ruwan kasa

A karkashin yanayi na zahiri, a cikin lokacin farin dajin kurmi mai zafi, kananan birai suna da abokan gaba da yawa. Masu haɗari da masu ɗaukar hoto da yawa suna jiran su kusan ko'ina. Birai suna kiyaye saurin amsawa da ikon hawa zuwa tsauni mai girma.

Halittu na magunan tamarin:

Baya ga wasu magabata daban-daban, kwari masu guba daban-daban, gizo-gizo, kwarkwata da beraye suna ba da babbar haɗari ga ƙananan birai. Basu cinye tamarin, amma na ƙarshen suna da halayyar sha'awa. Ana son tallafawa wata halitta da ba a san ta ba, ko don gamsar da yunwa ta hanyar wakilan haɗari masu haɗari na flora da fauna na cikin gida, suna cikin haɗarin mutum. Haƙiƙa na musamman yana barazanar matasa waɗanda, ta hanyar halayensu na rashin cancanta da ƙarfin wuce haddi, suke ƙoƙarin karɓar duk abin da yake motsawa. Yawancin lokaci sukan karɓi kashi na mutuwa mai guba, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar dabbobi.

Yan uwa suna sa ido sosai a halin da ake ciki. A kowane haɗari, suna haifar da fashewar zuciya, soki da ke faɗakar da duk dangi cewa lokaci ya yi da za a sami ceto. Wani sabon abu mai kama da biranen halitta da ke jan hankalin birai masu yawa. Suna bin dabbobi, suna kama su don manufar sayar wa mutane akan kasuwar baƙar fata ko kuma siyarwa a wuraren dabbobi da wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Baya ga harkar farauta, ayyukan ɗan adam na ba da gudummawa ga rage yawan dabbobi. ‘Yan Adam sun lalata yanayin rayuwar dabbobi.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

A cewar masana kimiyya, babban hadarin da ke tattare da yawan dabbobi shine datsewa. Matsayin tamarins ya dogara da tallafi. Yawancin nau'ikan jinsin basa fuskantar barazanar lalata.

Daga cikin sabbin hanyoyin tamarins akwai waɗanda ke barazanar rushewa:

• Tamarin da aka yiwa zinari - yana da matsayin “kusa da lalacewa”,
• Farin-white-legged tamarin - yana da matsayin "nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari",
• Oedipus tamarin - an ba da wannan matsayin matsayin "a ƙarshen gabbai."

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dabbobi galibi suna da zagaye, duhu, idanu mai zurfi. Kunnuwa suna ƙarami, zagaye, ana iya rufe shi da ulu. Dabbobin suna da ƙusoshin ƙarfi sosai tare da tsokoki masu haɓaka. A gaban da baya kafafu suna da tsawo, yatsunsu na bakin ciki tare da dogayen kaifi mai kaifi.

Tamarines wani nau'in biri ne da ke buƙatar kariya. Yawancin ƙananan kuɗi suna cikin haɗari. A cikin yanki na birai, a matakin majalisa, an hana farauta da tarko dabbobi. Rashin wannan buƙatar ta ƙunshi alhakin laifi da gudanarwar aiki. Gwamnati kan shirya kai hare-hare a lokutan kasuwannin cikin gida.

Tamarines

Hoto: Tamarin daga Littafin Lura

A yayin aiwatar da irin wadannan hare-hare, dabbobin da masu sayar da dabbobi ke sayarwa galibi suna da ‘yanci. An saki dabbobi a cikin mazauninsu na asali, kuma ana azabtar da masu ƙin doka da hukunci da ya cancanci hukunci. A cikin mazaunan kananan birai an hana shi sare gandun daji. Koyaya, wannan dokar ba ta amfani ko'ina. A wasu yankuna, ana hakar ma'adanai da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci na ɗan ƙasa, sabili da haka yana da amfani sosai a dakatar da lalacewar gandun daji.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da aka tsare shi a gidan dabbobi, ana damuwa da dabbobi. A irin waɗannan yanayi, dabbobi suna iya cin abincin da ba za su iya ba.

Yawancin tamarin ana ajiye su a wuraren ɗoki da kuma wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. A can, ma'aikata da kwararru suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa a garesu, wanda tsawon rayuwarsu zai ƙaru, kuma ba za a rage yawan aiki ba idan aka kwatanta da yanayin ƙasa.

Tamarin - wannan biri biri ne mai ban mamaki. Abin takaici, da yawa daga cikin kududdufin suna gab da karewa, ko kuma an san su da nau'in halitta mai haɗari. A yau, ya kamata mutane su yi iya ƙoƙarinsu don adanawa da haɓaka adadin mutane don zuriyarsu su sami damar ganin dabbobi ba kawai hotuna ba.

Bayanin Tamarins

Tamarines ƙananan birai ne waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin gandun daji na Sabuwar Duniya.. Suna cikin dangin marmosets, waɗanda wakilansu, kamar lemurs, ana ɗaukar su sune mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya. Gaba ɗaya, an san nau'ikan tamarins goma goma, waɗanda galibi sun bambanta da juna a cikin launi na Jawo, kodayake girman waɗannan birai na iya bambanta.

Halayya da salon rayuwa

Tamarins suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi, inda akwai tsirrai da 'ya'yan itaciya masu ba da' ya'ya, wanda a cikinsu suna matukar son hawa. Waɗannan dabbobi ne da rana ke farkawa da wayewar gari, suna nuna ayyukansu da rana. Sukan yi bacci da wuri, suna kwanciya a kan rassa da rassan kurangar inabi.

Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Dogaye mai tsayi mai laushi yana da mahimmanci ga tamarines: bayan duk, tare da taimakonsa suna motsawa daga reshe zuwa reshe.

Wadannan birai an ajiye su a kananan kabilu - “dangi”, a cikinsu akwai daga dabbobi hudu zuwa ashirin. Suna sadarwa tare da danginsu da taimakon kwari, fuskokin fuskoki, murkushe ulu, da kuma sautikan sauti waɗanda dukkan tamirin suke yi. Wadannan sautuka na iya zama daban: kama da karkatar da tsuntsaye, yin ihu ko ihu mai ƙarfi. Idan akwai haɗari, tamarines yana fitowa da ƙarfi sosai, sokin ihu.

A cikin “dangi” na tamarins akwai tsari - magabata, wanda shugaba a cikin ƙungiyar shine mafi tsufa kuma mata ƙwararru. Maza, a gefe guda, galibi suna fifita kansu da danginsu. Tamarins suna kare yankinsu daga mamayewar baƙi, suna yiwa alama bishiyoyi, suna toshe haushi a kansu. Kamar sauran birai, tamarins kan kashe lokaci mai yawa domin tsabtace jakar juna. Saboda haka, suna kawar da cututtukan waje, kuma a lokaci guda suna karɓar tausa mai nishaɗi mai daɗi.

Habitat, mazauni

Duk tamarin - mazaunan gandun-daji na Sabuwar Duniya. Wurin zama sune Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, daga Costa Rica zuwa yankin low na Amazon da arewacin Bolivia.Amma a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan, wadannan birai basa faruwa, sun gwammace su zauna a cikin kwari.

Abincin Tamarin

Yawancin tamarin suna cin abincin shuka kamar 'ya'yan itatuwa, har da furanni har ma da ƙarancinsu. Amma ba za su ƙi abincin dabba ba: ƙwai na tsuntsu da ƙananan kajin, kazalika da kwari, gizo-gizo, zagi, macizai da kwaɗi.

Mahimmanci! A ka’idar, tamarines marasa fasali ne kuma suna cin kusan komai. Amma cikin zaman talala, saboda damuwa, suna iya ƙin cin abincin da baƙon abu a gare su.

A wuraren kiwon dabbobi, ana amfani da tamarin sau da yawa wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda waɗannan birai ke bauta wa, da kuma ƙananan kwari masu rai: ciyayi, zakara, farawa, crickets. Don yin wannan, an ƙaddamar da su musamman a cikin aviary na birai. Hakanan, dafaffen nama na ƙarancin mai mai, kaji, tururuwa da ƙwai kaza, cuku gida da kuma resin bishiyoyi masu zafi suna ƙarawa a cikin abincinsu.

Kiwo da zuriya

Tamarins sun isa lokacin balaga cikin kusan watanni 15. kuma daga wannan zamani na iya asali. Wasannin yan wasa suna farawa a tsakiyar ko a ƙarshen hunturu - a kusa da Janairu zuwa Fabrairu. Kuma, kamar kusan dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa, maza tamarin ke lura da mace yayin wani lokacin al'ada. Cuta a cikin mace na wadannan birai yana kimanin kwanaki 140, saboda a ƙarshen Afrilu-farkon Yuni haihuwar zuriyarsu.

Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Mitar tamarins mace, a matsayin mai mulkin, ta haifi tagwaye. Kuma watanni shida bayan haihuwar 'ya'yan da suka gabata, suna iya sake haifuwa kuma zasu iya sake haihuwa biyu.

Tamanan ƙaramin tamirin suna girma da sauri kuma a cikin watanni biyu suna iya motsawa da kansu kuma har ma suna ƙoƙarin neman abinci don kansu. Ba mahaifiyarsu kaɗai ba, har ma daukacin 'dangi' suna kulawa da cuban'yan da ke girma: birai manya suna ba su mafi kyawu kuma a cikin kowace hanya ta kare yara daga haɗari. Bayan ta kai shekaru biyu kuma daga ƙarshe ta girma, yara masu ƙaramin taya kamar doka ba su barin fakitin ba, kasance cikin "dangi" kuma suna taka rawar gani a rayuwarta. A cikin zaman talala, suna da haɗi a cikin nau'i biyu kuma suna da kyau, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su da wata matsala game da haɓaka da ɗiya.

M damuwa

• Tamarin
• Red-makamai Tamarin
• Black-baya tamarin
• Tamarin da ke dafe da ruwan-ciki
• Tamarin-mai jan kunne
• Tarin kai mai launin shuɗi
• Tamarin Geoffrey
• Tamarin Schwartz

Amma, abin takaici, a tsakanin tamarins akwai wasu nau'ikan da ke barazanar har ma suna kusan lalata.

Kusa da marasa galihu

• Gwal mai fasti-zinari. Babban barazanar ita ce lalata mazaunin wannan ɗabi'a, wanda ke haifar da lalata gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Yawan tamarin-da aka zana da zinar har yanzu yana da yawa, amma yana raguwa da kusan kashi 25% ga kowane tsararraki uku, wato kimanin shekaru goma sha takwas.

Dangin dake cikin hadari

• Tamarin farin-kafafu. Dazuzzuka waɗanda farin farin-ƙafafunsu ke zaune cikin sauri ya ɓace kuma yankin da mutane ke ciki suna amfani da shi don hakar ma'adinai, har ma don aikin gona, gina hanyoyi da madatsun ruwa. Yawancin wadannan birai kuma suna raguwa saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancinsu suna shiga kasuwannin karkara, inda ake siyar da su azaman dabbobi. Saboda haka, Unionungiyar Internationalasa da Kula da Yanayi ta grantedasa da grantedan Adam ta ba da farin farin-jini mai laushi ga matsayin wani nau'in haɗari.

Abubuwan da ke cikin Hadari

• Oedipus tamarin. Yawan wadannan birai a cikin yanayin rayuwarsu kusan mutum 6,000 ne kawai. Ana yin barazanar lalata jinsin kuma an sanya shi cikin jerin "25 da suka fi hadari a duniya" kuma an jera su a ciki daga shekarar 2008 zuwa 2012. Guguwa ta haifar da cewa mazaunin Oedipus tamarin ya ragu da kashi uku, wanda babu makawa ya shafi yawan dabbobin waɗannan birai. Babu ƙarancin lahani ga jama'a shine sayar da tam ɗin oedipal a matsayin dabbobi da bincike na kimiyya waɗanda suka ciyar da ɗan lokaci akan birai na wannan nau'in. Kuma idan a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an dakatar da bincike kan maganin hana caca, cinikin haramun a cikin dabbobi ya ci gaba da yin illa ga alummominsu. Haka kuma, saboda gaskiyar cewa wadannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ne a iyakantaccen yanki, suna da matukar illa ga mummunan tasirin kowane canje-canjen a cikin yanayin su.

Tamarines suna daya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki wadanda Halittu suka kirkira. Wadannan birai, wadanda suke rayuwa cikin gandun daji na Sabuwar Duniya, suna da saurin zama saboda lalacewar mazauninsu na asali. Bugu da kari, kamewar wadannan dabbobin da ba a sarrafa su ba ya shafar lambobin su. Idan baku kula da ajiyar wadannan birai yanzu ba, to tabbas zasu mutu, saboda mutanen zamani zasu iya ganin tamarin ne kawai a tsoffin hotunan.