Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Kifi mai ƙwanƙwasa |
Subfamily: | Kifi |
Duba: | Salma mai tsami |
Chavycha (lat. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) - yalwar kifaye na kifi na dabbar salmon.
Mafi girma daga kifin salmon. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ruwan salmon mai gudu yakai 90 cm. A cikin ruwan Amurka, kifin chinkin ya kai tsawon 147 cm A cikin yankin Kamchatka, nau'in ya kai tsawon 180 cm har ma fiye da haka. An rubuta shari'ar kama salmon mai nauyin kilogram 61.2.
Sunan ya fito ne daga sunan ta Itelmen "Chowuich." Amurkawa suna kiran Chinmon salmon da sunan India - Chinook ko sarki salmon - Sarauniyar masara, kuma Jafanawa sun nada mata taken "yariman masarauta."
Yawan jama'a
A cikin ruwan Asiya, yana zaune a Kogin Anadyr, a Kamchatka, Kwamandan tsibiri, a cikin Amur da kuma arewacin Hokkaido. Ta fadada tare da bakin tekun na Amurka daga kudancin California zuwa Kotzebue Bay a Alaska, gami da tsibirin Aleutian da kuma a Arctic, zuwa Kogin Coppermine. Mafi yawa a cikin koguna na British Columbia (Kanada), Washington State (Amurka), da kuma a cikin kogin Sacramento (California).
Saboda yawan farautar da ake yi a Kamchatka, Chinook kifin masarautar ya kusan bace gaba daya a cikin wasu tafkuna na jahar. A halin yanzu, an haramta kamun kifin na wannan kifin gaba daya a gabar yammacin Kamchatka, a kan ruwan kifin na gabashin Chinook an bashi izinin kawai.
Bayyanar
Gefen baya, yatsun kafa da yatsun hanji an rufe su da kananan baki mai duhu. Girman kifi na Chinook ya bambanta da sauran kifin kifi a cikin babban adadin (sama da 15) yawan haskoki na gill. Kayan da suka dace da kayan masarufi ba su da lahani kamar na kifi irin su kifin chum, kifin ruwan kifi, kuma mazan ne kawai zasu zama baƙar fata tare da launin ja yayin yawu. Salanyen salmon ookanyen tsami ana iya rikita shi tare da coho salmon, amma kifin chinook yana da alaƙar baƙar fata a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙi, kuma ƙananan duhu duhu rufe ba kawai baya da caudal stalk, amma kuma duka lobes na caudal fin.
Ciyarwa
Don tsalle, ruwan kifin chinkin ya shigo cikin manyan koguna, wanda yakan hau kan mafi yawan nisa (har zuwa kilomita 4,000). Spawns a watan Yuni - Agusta, a cikin koguna na Arewacin Amirka - kuma a cikin damina da damuna. Tsarin salmon na sallan yana ɗaukar bazara. Babban kifin ba ya jin tsoron saurin saurin (1-1.5 m / sec) kuma yana fasa ramuka cikin manyan pebbles da cobbles tare da wutsiya. Mace ta haɗu da ƙwai sama da dubu 14 fiye da kifin chum. Soyayyen ya bar qwai na dogon lokaci (daga watanni 3-4 zuwa 1-2), kamar jan soya, ya kasance a cikin kogin, wasu daga cikinsu, musamman mazan, da suka manyanta a can, sun kai tsawon 75-175 mm a cikin 3-7 lokacin bazara. Akwai wani nau'i mai dwarf, wanda maza ke wakilta kawai waɗanda suka isa lokacin balaga ba tare da tafiya zuwa teku ba tare da tsawon 10-47 cm yana da shekaru 2 kuma suna shiga cikin lalata tare da wucewar maza. A cikin koguna na Amurka, akwai ingantattun gidajen zama. A cikin Kogin Columbia, Chinook kifin yana wakilta da nau'i biyu - bazara da bazara.
Lokacin shakatawa na waɗannan siffofin sune gado. Kasar salmon tana zaune a cikin teku daga shekaru hudu zuwa bakwai. Wannan nau'in ƙauna ce mai tsananin sanyi kuma ya fi son tafiya cikin ruwa na Tekun Bering kusa da tudun Kwamandan da tsibirin Aleutian. Venian kuliyoyin da ke cikin kogin suna ciyar da kwari na iska da lardin su, crustaceans da kifi na yara. A cikin teku, tushen abinci mai kyau na masarar Chinook shine planaktonic crustaceans, ƙananan kifi da squid.
Bayanin sarkin kifi
Ya bambanta da sauran wakilan dangin salmon na salim a cikin manyan girma. Babban samfuran da aka ƙididdige masu nauyin sama da kilogram 61. A tsayi, waɗannan manyan kifayen za su iya kaiwa mita ɗaya da rabi. Matsakaicin girman kifin da zai yi satan kamar santimita 90 ne.
A cikin Kamchatka Krai, tsawon jikin kifin Chinook na iya wuce 180 cm, kuma a cikin ruwan Amurka - 147 cm.Harjin jiki mafi yawanci shine 5-12 kg.
A baya, ƙyallen dorsal da caudal fin, akwai ƙananan tuddai na launin launin shuɗi. Baya ga girman sauran kifin masara, wannan kifin yana bambanta da ɗimbin ɗumbin haskoki - fiye da 15.
Kalmomin Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
Abubuwan da suka dace na kayan sarki-kifi ba su da kyau kamar su, alal misali, irin ruwan kifin ruwan hoda ko kifin kifin chum, kawai jikin namiji yayin lokacin diyance ya fara duhu kuma launukan ja suka bayyana. Individualsaramin mutane na iya rikita batun tare da coot, amma kifin chinook yana da gumis na baki a kan ƙananan jaw, kuma baƙar fata ba ana samun su ba kawai a baya, har ma a kan caudal kara da kuma a lobes biyu na fin caudal.
Rayuwar sabon ƙarni na sarki kifi
A soya na dogon lokaci ba su bar sabbin koguna ba, a wuraren haihuwar su kasance daga watanni 3 zuwa shekaru biyu. Babban kifi sarki a cikin ruwa mai gishiri yana cin squids da nau'in kifi mai matsakaici. Kuma matasa mutane ke ciyar da kwari larvae, crustaceans da soya na wasu nau'in kifi.
Don tsalle-tsalle, ruwan kifin Chinook ya shiga manyan koguna wanda ya hau tsawan mita 4,000.
Idan mata da maza suka je wurin lalata, sukan ƙi abinci. A wannan lokacin, kayan jikinsu na lalata. Ta hanyar manufa daya ne - ke haifar su. Bayan tsallakewa, manya sun mutu. Masana kimiyya ba zasu iya bayar da cikakken amsar dalilin da yasa hakan ke faruwa ba .. An ɗauka cewa yayin doguwar tafiya, kifi ya rasa mahimmancin sa saboda dole ne yayi tafiya mai nisa.
Amma sauran nau'ikan kifin kifin salmon bayan ba tafiya mai nisa ba su mutu, amma a sake komawa cikin ruwan teku. Lokacin da matasa suka girma, suna iyo a cikin ruwa. Budurcin lokacin ƙwanƙolin masarar salmon yana faruwa ne a shekaru 3-7.
Salanyen masara na Chinook suna ciyar da kwari da jijiyar wuya da kuma lardinsu, ɓawon burodi da ƙananan kifi.
Gwanin salmon ya fi son ruwan sanyi, don haka yana motsa nauyi a cikin tekun arewa na Bering kusa da Kwamandan da tsibirin Aleutian. Chinook ya wuce gona da iri a cikin teku, yana tashi daga bakin tekun zuwa nesa mai nisan kilo 1000. Akwai wani nau'i mai danshi mai ma'adinin Chinook, wanda maza ke wakilta musamman, wanda samantarsa na faruwa ne a cikin shekaru 2 wanda tsawon santimita 10-47 yake. Waɗannan maza ba sa zuwa teku, amma suna zama don zama a cikin koguna, amma suna shiga cikin tsunduma tare da mazajen jirgin. Misali, a cikin Kogin Columbia akwai nau'ikan kifi biyu na dookf chinook - lokacin bazara da bazara.
Garin salim ya zauna
Dangane da bayanin ma'anar kimiyya, salmon Chinook ya kasance ne a cikin nau'in ruwan tsarkakakken dangin salmon. Duk da wannan, kifin yana kashe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a wajen iyakar ruwan sabo kuma yana da nisa daga wuraren da aka haife shi. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon takaddar rayuwa, wanda kusan dukkanin wakilai ne na salmon.
Ana samun kifin maskin Chinook tsakanin iyakar yammacin gabar tekun Pasifik na Amurka da arewacin tsibiran Japan, haka kuma a Kamchatka da tsibirin Kuril.
A cikin ruwa mai kyau na gawawwakin ruwan British Columbia, Washington, a kan iyakar Tarayyar Rasha, a cikin kwarin kogin Anadyr da Amur, ana samun yawan ruwan mashin na Chinook.
Yanzu, ana fara shuka nau'ikan kifin salmon na wucin gadi, kuma kifin kifin ƙabewa bai da banbanci. Kokarin masara na Chinook an girka shi ne a kan gonaki da aka gina dutsen da ke kan manyan tafkuna a Amurka da New Zealand. Ana amfani da irin wannan hanyar ta yanayin zamani na rayuwar mutum, lokacin da yawan kifayen da aka kama ke ƙaruwa koyaushe, saboda adadin sa yana raguwa.
Kifin Chinook: bayanin
Idan muka kwatanta kifin Chinook tare da sauran nau'in dangin salmon, to kuwa ana iya bambanta kifin masassarar tare da babban nauyi. Misalin kamun kifi matsakaici yana da nauyi mai nauyin 6 zuwa 17, kodayake wasu masunta sun sami nasarar kama samfurin na kimanin kilogram 30. An daidaita nauyin wannan kifin a kusan kilogiram 60. Matsakaicin matsakaicin kifin yana daga cm 85 zuwa 115, amma wani lokacin ana samun daidaikun mutane waɗanda ke da tsawon mita 1.5 zuwa 2.
Alamomin rarrabe na waje su ne manyan tube waɗanda ke tsakanin kai da jikinsa. Launin kifin ya dogara ne sosai a wuraren da yake zaune kuma yana iya samun duka launin launin toka mai haske, da launin kore ko ruwan zaitun. Yankin na ciki na kifayen kuma kifayen suna da ƙamshi na azurfar A tarnaƙi, sama da kan layi a kan bayan baya, ƙyallin dorsal da caudal ƙyallen, ƙusoshin duhu masu ƙarancin girman suna kasancewa. Lokacin da lokaci ya kuɓuce, ruwan ƙafar Chinook yana canza launi: a fannin jikin akwai launin shuɗi mai haske, kuma yankin kai ya yi duhu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, galibin nau'ikan kifayen wannan dangi, kafin lokacin tsallakewa, yanada canza yanayin su.
Za'a iya bambance kifin Chinook daga wasu nau'in wannan dangin ta hanyar aibobi, ba masu girma dabam ba, waɗanda ake iya gani a baya, wutsiya da ƙashin kifin. Bugu da kari, babu kifin mashin a jikin kifin, halayyar sifoffin nau'ikan kifin X da kuma ratsin ruwan hoda a jiki.
Lokacin rayuwa da haihuwa
Tsarin rayuwa na masarar Chinook ya kasu zuwa matakai da yawa:
- Haihuwar kogin ruwa.
- Rayuwa a wannan wuri tsawon shekara biyu.
- Motsawa zuwa teku da zama a ciki har sai da shekaru 3-5.
- Koma wuraren da aka haife ta don ci gaba da dangin ta.
Maza wasu nau'ikan wannan iyali, suna girma cikin tsayi daga 10 zuwa 50 cm, ba za su iya barin wurarensu ba, yayin da suke samin 'balaga. Suna halartar aikin tsunduma tare da wasu maza. Kalmaran maskin ya tashi a cikin kananan koguna, suna hawa zuwa filaye na dindindin, suna shawo kansu a lokaci guda zuwa kilomita 4,000. Za'a iya aiwatar da yanayin kamun kifi na tsawon lokaci: a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi na al'ada - daga Yuni zuwa Agusta, kuma a arewacin latitude - daga kaka zuwa hunturu.
Yayinda kifayen suke cin abinci:
- Duk larvae.
- Kwayoyin cuta.
- Ba babban kifi ba.
- Ba manyan crustaceans ba.
Lokacin da ta matsa zuwa tekun, abincin da take ci shine:
- Crustaceans.
- Cephalopods.
- Fisharamin kifi.
- Plankton.
- Krill.
Abun cikin Chinook Salmon
An bayyana naman kifin kifi na Salim musamman mahimmin mahimmanci, saboda kasancewar sa a cikin dukkan abubuwanda ake buƙata waɗanda ke tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na jikin ɗan adam, da kuma damar dafa abinci iri-iri, saboda kyakkyawan abubuwan dandano. Naman salmon mai tsami yana da wadataccen abinci a cikin bitamin B1 da B2, haka kuma bitamin C, PP, K, E. Baya ga bitamin, nama ya ƙunshi duka abubuwan da ake amfani da su, kamar zinc, selenium, alli, potassium, phosphorus, baƙin ƙarfe, magnesium, molybdenum , sodium, nickel, chromium, fluorine, da sauransu.
Abinci na Chinook ya ƙunshi har zuwa 20 g na furotin a cikin 100 na samfur. Choline da Omega-3 mai kitse, wanda jikin mutum bai haifesu ba, an kuma samo su cikin nama. Wannan ya shafi docosahexanoic (DHA) da eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), wanda aikinsa shine ƙarfafa membranes, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga aiwatar da ingantaccen matakai na jikin mutum. Kifayen kifi, gami da caviar, ana yinsa da babban sikelin, wanda ke ba da damar ɗaukar nauyin kayan aikin duk yadda yakamata. Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin, kifi ya mamaye wuri na musamman a cikin abincin ɗan adam.
Siffar ruwan kifin na Chinook ya kasance sanadin kasancewa da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, kuma ƙwai mutum ya kai girman har zuwa 6-7 mm. A lokaci guda, kifi na iya sa har ƙwai dubu 14.
Adadin kitsen nama mai ƙanƙanuwa ne kuma ya rage zuwa 11-13.5%, wanda ba shi da ƙaranci idan aka kwatanta shi da nama daga wasu nau'in kifayen na kifin mashin. An san naman ne da launin ja mai launin ja tare da launuka na rasberi. Namancinta yana dandani kamar naman kifi. Ta hanyar dafa abinci ingantacce, mai iya dacewa, naman kifin chinook na iya zama mai daɗin daɗi fiye da na naman kifi.
An kiyasta ƙimar kuzarin kifin chinook a 146 kcal a kowace gram 100 na kayan. Wadannan manuniya na iya bambanta tsakanin kananan iyakoki, gwargwadon mazauninta, shekarun sa, jinsi, lokacin kamun kifi, da dai sauransu.
Amfanin da lahanin kifin maskin kifi
Cin cin kifin salamon kifi, zaku iya samun sakamako masu zuwa:
- Yana hana lalacewa da kuma aiki na atrophic wanda ke faruwa a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya wanda ke hade da abubuwan da suka shafi shekaru.
- Rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, da cutar Alzheimer da dementia.
- Don samun sakamako mai kyau ga aiki na tsarin zuciya.
- Inganta zaga jini a jiki.
- Tissuearfafa ƙwayar ƙashi, rage yiwuwar ƙwanƙwasa jini, kazalika da osteoporosis.
- Tabbatar da daidaitaccen aiki na gabobin hangen nesa, haɓaka ayyukan mai juyayi tare da ƙarni na sababbin ƙwayoyin jijiya, tabbatar da ingancin cire abubuwa masu cutarwa daga jiki, samar da sel tare da cikakken abubuwan aiki.
- Kula da sautin tsarin jijiyoyin jiki, godiya ga ɓoye abubuwan da aka samar a cikin ƙwayar halitta, wanda ke taimakawa kare jiki daga cututtuka daban-daban na asalin hadaddun.
Abubuwan hana rigakafi don amfani da naman naman salkin na Chinook sun hada da yiwuwar mummunan sakamako yayin haihuwar mata. Duk da wannan, irin waɗannan halayen suna da wuya sosai (1 cikin 250), waɗanda ba za'a iya danganta su da tsananin wannan alamar ba. Bugu da kari, yawan amfani da naman chinook yana iyakance ga mutanen da ke fama da matsaloli tare da cututtukan hanji na dabi'a.
A ina ne kuma ta yaya aka kama salim salim?
A cewar masana, ana amfani da mafi kyawun kifaye yayin da har yanzu bata fara hawa kogin ba zuwa wuraren shakatawa. Amma akwai hatsarin kamun ganuwarsa, wanda hakan na iya haifar da raguwa sosai a yawan wannan kifin mai daɗin ƙoshin lafiya.
Yawancin masunta sun lura cewa kifin Chinook ƙage ne mai ƙware da dabara. Suna jayayya cewa kifin yana zaɓar wuraren ajiye motoci waɗanda ke da wahalar shiga ta fuskar kamun kifi.
Kifayen da ke tsiro da ƙwayar cuta sun ƙunshi ƙarin abubuwa masu haɗari, don haka ba a ba da shawarar kama shi a irin waɗannan wuraren ba. A irin waɗannan halayen, fifiko ya kamata a ba wa mutane waɗanda aka kama da yanayin halaye.