Wurin haifuwa mafi girma a duniya gaba daya, ko canwa, shine Latin Amurka. A dabi'a, wannan amphibian yaduwa ne, saboda godiya ga girmanta da asirin mai guba, yana da ƙarancin abokan gaba.

Mace mai tsayi 22 cm tsayi ne kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 1.5 - mafi girma a duniya. Namiji, duk da cewa ya fi karami girma (14 cm), har yanzu yana da girma sosai idan aka kwatanta shi da kwayan itacenmu. Babban girman yatsan da daskararren abu mai guba wanda gemun fata ke sanyawa yana haifar da adadi da yawa na dabbobi masu farautar sa kuma a sakamakon haka, yaduwar yawancin 'yan amphibians. Don haka, a Ostiraliya, inda aka gabatar da dirin amafani da gangan don rage adadin ƙwaro da ke lalata ƙananan ƙwayar sukari, yana ƙaruwa sosai harma da kanta ya zama mummunan kwaro.

Matsakaicin halin asali na igiyar igwa shine wurare kusa da jikin ruwa a cikin ƙauyuka da gandun daji na Tsakiya da wasu yankuna na Kudancin Amurka. Kamar sauran 'yan amphibians, aga yana buƙatar kulawa da danshi a fata koyaushe, don haka yana haifar da rayuwar rayuwa, kuma yayin rana yana ɓoyewa daga tsananin zafin rana a ƙarƙashin ganye, rakodi da duwatsu. A cikin dare, ragon rake yakan yi farauta, abin da ya kama - kwari, kwari, ƙananan tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kwaɗi da sauran yatsun - ya haɗiye gabaɗaya.

Sautin sauti

Dare - musamman a lokacin kiwo - maza sukan yi magana da ƙarfi don jan hankalin mata, suna saukaka waƙoƙin makogwaron don sautin sautin.

Bayan saduwa da abokiyar da ta dace, namiji ya yi tsalle a bayanta ya rungume goshinta da kyau.

Wannan halayen frogs da yatsun kafa ake kira ɗaukar hoto. A duk rashin amintattu na maza, namiji domin ya tabbatar da hadi da qwai da mace ta shimfida, yana matse ta sosai, tare da taimakon dabbobin da aka kulle a cikin gidan. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, tadpoles ya fito daga kwai da ya hadu. Suna cikin koina - suna ciyar da abinci iri-iri na abinci mai gina jiki da aka samo cikin ruwa, har da tsirrai da algae. Bayan kimanin makonni shida da rabi, tadpoles yana girma da kafafu kuma wutsiyar ta faɗi ƙasa. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, suna girma da sauri cikin manya.

Tadpoles, kamar manyan toads na manya, suna da glandar guba. A cikin tsofaffi, manyan glandon parotid suna gefen bangarorin kai, suna haifar da asirin mai guba mai launin shuɗi. A cikin yawancin amphibians, waɗannan glandones suna ɓoye gamsai, wanda ke kula da danshi a cikin fata, amma cikin yatsun ƙafa, wannan sirrin yana da guba sosai. Duk wata dabbar da ta haɗi da igiya to ya mutu a cikin minutesan mintuna - amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, ɗanɗano da guba a cikin bakin maƙarƙashiya tana sa fitar da dutsen nan da nan.

A halin yanzu, yatsan yaduwa ba yaduwa kawai a wuraren da ya dace da yanayinsa - ana iya samunsa a Hawaii, Florida, Puerto Rico da Papua New Guinea, inda aka shigo da shi da farko a farkon karni na 20.

Sabuwar suna

A da can da aka sani da ƙaton, ko kuma bakin teku, wannan ɗan amfaniyanci ya sami sunan ta yanzu saboda rushe ƙwayoyin sukari a Puerto Rico a cikin 20s na ƙarni na karshe. A ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1935, shekaru 102 aka gabatar da su ga shuka a Arewacin Queensland, Australia saboda wannan dalili. Koyaya, murfin bai fara cin kwari ba, amma, akasin haka, ya fara farautar abokan gabansu na yau da kullun, don haka ba a magance wannan matsalar ba.

Abubuwa daban-daban na muhalli

Abinda ya kasance shine igwa da yadin cinyewa da kuma cinye kwari suna mamaye abubuwa da yawa na muhalli. Don haka, ɗayan nau'in ƙwayar bishiyar bishiyoyin ba su taɓa sauka a ƙasa ba, yayin da sauran nau'in kuma ke rayuwa a wuraren buɗe ido, yayin da Aga ya zaɓi wurare tare da ciyayi mai yawa wanda ke kare shi daga haskoki na rana.

Bugu da kari, rake yatsan zai yawaita cikin hanzari, kuma tsirowar tadpoles da ta girma fiye da sauran nau'ikan toads da kwaɗi suna barin kandami. A cikin shekara guda, mace daya zata iya kwanciya kimanin ƙwai 35,000. Idan muka ɗauka cewa dukkansu za su yi haɗuwa ne, kuma mace za ta iya rabuwa daga rabi, a lokacin, da suka balaga, kowane ɗayansu zai sake sa ƙwai 35,000. Don haka, a cikin tsararraki uku, yuyuwar mace ta farko za ta haɗu da toads biliyan 10.

Tare da kusan babu abokan gaba, ragon rake ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin Queensland kuma yana haifar da haɗari ga gonar gona, lambunan birni, har ma da gandun dajin Kakadu National Park.

Rarraba

Gasar ta asali ta yatsar ta kasance daga Kogin Rio Grande a Texas zuwa tsakiyar Amazonia da arewa maso gabashin Peru. Bugu da kari, tsawan shekaru don kula da kwaroron kwari an sa su musamman a gabashin gabar gabashin Australia (galibi gabashin Queensland da bakin gabar New South Wales), zuwa kudancin Florida, zuwa Papua New Guinea, Philippines, tsibirin Japan na Ogasawara da Ryukyu, kuma zuwa Caribbean da yawa da tsibiran Pacific, ciki har da Hawaii (a 1935) da Fiji. Ee za ku iya rayuwa a cikin zazzabi na 5-40 ° C.

Lafiyar Qasa

Ana samun yatsun-tsufa daga dunes na bakin teku zuwa gefunan gandun daji mai zafi da tsirrai. Ba kamar sauran 'yan amphibians ba, ana samun su koyaushe a cikin manyan hanyoyin ruwan kogin da ke bakin teku da tsibirin. A saboda wannan, yeah, kuma ya sami sunan kimiyya - Bufo marinus , "Ruwan teku." Dry, fata keratinized na aga bai dace da musayar gas ba, kuma a sakamakon haka, huhun huhunnunsu suna ɗaya daga cikin haɓaka tsakanin hian adam. Aha zai iya tsira daga asarar asarar ruwa a jikin mutum har zuwa 50%. Kamar dukkan toads, ta fi son ta kwana a cikin mafaka, tana farauta a yamma. Rayuwar rayuwar galibi ita ce kadai. Aha motsa cikin gajeren hanzari. Aaukar matsin lamba, hau.

Kuka, ruwa mai amfani da ruwa, berayen ruwa, raƙuman ruwa, herons da sauran dabbobin da ke rigakafin gubarsu ga balagaggen balagaggu. Tadpoles ana cinye ta da magudanar dodo, kwari, wasu kunkuru da macizai. Yawancin magabatan suna cincin yatsun toad, ko kuma ku ci ciki, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan gabobin ciki.

Tsarin rayuwa

Aga larvae baƙaƙen fata ne kuma marasa lalacewa idan aka kwatanta da manya. Tadpoles suna ciyar da algae da sauran tsirrai na ruwa, waɗanda suke yiwa bakin hakora biyar. Manyan ƙwayoyin tadpoles wani lokacin suna cin caviar na wasu ag. Metamorphosis yana faruwa makonni 2-20 bayan kyankyalen larvae (ya dogara da abinci mai gina jiki da yawan zafin jiki). Frogs din da suka riga sun kamu da metamorphosis suma sunada ƙanana - kusan 1,5 cm kawai. Bayan metamorphosis, ƙananan toads sun bar kandami wasu lokuta suna tarawa a gabar. Balagagge yakan faru ne yana da shekaru 1-1.5. Agi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10 (a yanayi) da har zuwa shekaru 15 (a cikin bauta). Kashi 0.5 cikin 100 na yatsun kwancen ƙwai daga ƙwai sun rayu har zuwa lokacin haihuwa.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Mutane da yawa manya ne masu iko, wanda hakan ba ya kama da toads: suna cin abinci arthropods da sauran invertebrates (ƙudan zuma, gwoza, millipedes, baranya, kwari, tururuwa, katantanwa), amma kuma sauran wasu ampan adam, smallan tsirarun kuliyoyi, kajin da dabbobi girman linzamin kwamfuta. Karku manta da sata da datti. A gefen tekun tsibiri ku ci crabs da jellyfish. Idan babu abinci ana iya sha.

Kiwo

Yawan yaduwar Ag shine ya danganta ne da lokacin damina, lokacinda rayin na wucin gadi ya tsara a saitin (Yuni-Oktoba). Maza sun taru a cikin ruwa mai santsi ko kuma jinkirin ruwa kuma, tare da kukan da yayi kama da tsafta, ke kira ga mata. Matar ta sanya ƙwai dubu huɗu da 35,5 a cikin kakar ɗaya. Kulawa da hadu da ƙwayaye da ke kwance ba ya faruwa. Shiryawa yana daga kwanaki 2 zuwa 7. Duk ƙwai da tatpoles biyu masu guba ne ga yawancin dabbobi da mutane. Bayan metamorphosis, wannan fasalin ya ɓace a cikin su har sai glandar parotid ta haɓaka.

Ee, mai guba a duk matakan rayuwa. Lokacin da tsohuwar toad ta damu, glandar ta zata tona asirin farin-dauke da bulotoxins, har ma zata “harbe” su a maharbin. Agi venom abu ne mai matukar ƙarfi, yana tasiri galibi zuciya da jijiyoyi, suna haifar da ƙarancin nutsuwa, amai, amai, arrhythmia, haɓaka hawan jini, wani lokacin najasa na ɗan lokaci da mutuwa daga kamuwa da zuciya. Don guba, hulɗa mai sauƙi tare da gland mai guba ya isa. Kwayoyi sun shiga cikin ƙwayar mucous na idanu, hanci, da baki yana haifar da ciwo mai zafi, kumburi, da makanta na ɗan lokaci. Yankanin gubar gyada na aga ana amfani da ita ta yawan mutanen Kudancin Amurka don shawo kan kibiya. Choco Indiyawan daga yammacin Kolombiya sun jika yatsun masu guba ta hanyar sanya su a cikin bututun kwambon da ke rataye da wuta, sannan a tattara manyan abubuwan da ke tattare da guba a cikin jita-jita.

Daraja ga mutum

Aha kuma ana kiranta da wasu sunaye, alal misali, “Reed toad”.

Sun yi kokarin haifar da toads don murkushe kwari a kan sukari da kuma dankalin tsire-tsire masu zaki, a sakamakon hakan sun bazu sosai a wajen mazauninsu na asali kuma sun zama kwari da kansu, suna shayar da magabatan gida waɗanda basu da rigakafin gubarsu, kuma suna gasa abinci tare da amphibians na gida.

Toad Agi a Ostiraliya

Ya sadu da toad a cikin watan Yuni zuwa Australiya daga Hawaii don sarrafa kwari mai saurin kwari. A cikin zaman talala, sun sami damar yin kiwo, kuma a watan Agusta an saki fiye da matasa dubu uku a kan wata shuka a arewacin Queensland. A kan kwari, shekarun sun zama marasa tasiri (saboda sun sami wani ganima), amma cikin hanzari sun fara ƙara adadinsu kuma suka bazu, suna isa iyakar New South Wales a cikin birni, da kuma Arewacin Territory a cikin birni. A halin yanzu, an rarraba iyakar wannan nau'in a Ostiraliya zuwa kudu da yamma zuwa kilomita 25 a kowace shekara.

A halin yanzu, tsararraki suna da mummunar tasiri a cikin abincin Australia, cin abinci, cunkoso kuma yin aiki a matsayin sanadin guba na dabbobi na asalin. Wadanda abin ya shafa sune nau'ikan mazaunan yankin na amphibians da masu shayarwa da ƙananan marsupials, gami da na wasu nau'in. Yaduwar aga yana da alaƙa da raguwar adadin marsupial martens, kazalika da manyan lizards da macizai (masu mutuwa da macizai, baƙar fata, echidna). Suna kuma lalata apiaries, suna lalata ƙudan zuma. A lokaci guda, nau'ikan nau'ikan sun yi nasarar farautar wadannan toads, gami da Sabon Gini da ke zaune tare da baƙar fata. Ba a inganta hanyoyin sarrafa Aga ba tukuna.

Aga toad bayanin

Jikin na sama mai launin toka ne ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, manyan wurare masu duhu suna warwatse cikin jiki, kuma ƙananan jikin ke gudana tare da ƙaramin launin ruwan hoda.

Wannan toad ya banbanta da dangin sa a kamannin kai da kuma wurin da ke tattare da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayar cuta, waɗanda suke a saman fatar ido na sama kuma suna da sifar semicircular, ƙari da haka, suna da ƙimaren fuska irinta.

Aga yana da hujin da yake kafawa. A bayan kai, bayan idanu, manyan glanduka masu guba wadanda ake kira parotids; ban da haka ma, akwai ƙananan glandan guba a duk faɗin baya da kan kai.

Venarfin ragamar tafiyar

Kowane toro parotid ya ƙunshi kimanin giram 0.07 na guba. Lokacin da maharbi ya kai hari ko kurma, da farko an fitar da guba daga ƙananan gland. Wannan sirrin yana da ƙanshin ƙanshi musamman, yana da dandano mai ɗaci kuma yana haifar da firgici a cikin bakin. Gubar ya tsokani membran na mucous, kuma maharbiyya dole ne ya tona wanda aka azabtar.

Mafi tsananin guba yana cikin rauni na aga. Kafin ya tashi don neman abinci, toad aga ya narke guba ya shafa ta da ƙusoshinta a baya don inshorar da kanta daga haɗarin hare-hare.

Guba ta ƙunshi bufotenin, tryptamine, catecholamine, serotonin da sauran abubuwa. A cikin ƙananan allurai, wannan guba yana da tasirin antishock, anthelmintic, antitumor da sakamako na radioprotective. Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin, ana ɗaukar guba na toad aga a matsayin tushen sababbin magunguna.

Bayyanar cututtuka na guba aga

Lokacin da guba mai guba a cikin dabba, ana saki adadi mai yawan gaske, sojoji, tachycardia, huɗa, huhu na faruwa, kuma a lokuta masu ƙarfi mutuwa na iya faruwa.

Idan guba ta hau kan mucous membranes na mutum, kuma musamman a idanu, to azaba mai zafi zata tashi, keratitis da conjunctivitis.

An samo waɗannan yatsun a cikin tsibirin Hawaiian, kuma a cikin 30s an kawo su daga tsibiran zuwa Australia don lalata kwari na noma. A yau suna haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga fauna ta Australiya, saboda suna lalata dabbobi waɗanda ba su da rigakafi ga gubar su kuma suna cika sauran yatsu.

A Kudancin Kudancin Amurka Bufo marinus, ana fitar da sinadarin hallucinogenic daga fata. A cikin sakamako, yana kama da magani na LSD. Harshen mai maye shine ke haifar da bufotenin, yana haifar da yanayin kullun. A lokacin rami na tsohuwar birni na Mayu a Mekziko, an sami ragowar ragowar waɗannan toads kusa da ganuwar haikalin.

Dabba mai haushi yana iya sakin rafin dafi daga parotids - manyan gungu na glandan guba a yankin ido. Hakanan a maraice, kafin farauta, tsararraki galibi suna shafa kansu da pawsonsu, suna shafa guba a fata. Tare da barazanar kai hari, aga aga yana harba magudanar guba kai tsaye ga mai laifin, yana mai tabbatar da cewa ya huce maƙasudin a nesa da nisan mita ɗaya!

Bayyanar

Ee - ɗaya daga cikin manyan jinsunan amphibians marasa ƙarfi (Anura): fiye da santimita 20 tsawo, zuwa 12 santimita fadi. Jikin jikin manya mutane wani lokacin ya wuce kilo 2. Launin aga mai launin ruwan kasa duhu, a ƙasan ƙarancin ciki tare da manyan baƙi, a gefen ventral tare da ƙananan aibobi masu launin ruwan hoda. A kan kai daga idanu har zuwa kafafen hancinsa sun wuce zurfin huhun tsoka. Aga dabbobi ne sosai gama gari a wasu yankuna na Kudancin Amurka kuma ana samun shi sau da yawa a cikin birane. Harshen cututtukan fata na Aga aga mai guba sosai, kuma mazauna garin suna amfani da shi wajen shirya guba don kibiyoyi.

Rayuwa

Toads-aga sun fi so su zauna a cikin ruwa mai ruwa da ɗumi, ajiye kusa da tafkuna ko fadama, duk da haka, ana iya samun su a bakin yashi. Uwa tana ciyar da kullun a cikin hasken rana a cikin inuwa, da ɓoye cikin kututturen itacen, a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, cikin ganyayyaki da suka fadi. Da farkon dare, waɗannan amintattun mutanen suna farauta. Agi ciyar a kan ƙudan zuma. kowane irin ƙwaro, baranya. ciyayi. tururuwa. katantanwa, masu maye kajin, kananan mice.

Sake bugun yana faruwa a watan Yuni. Mace suna sa ƙwai a cikin tsohuwar igiyoyi a cikin ruwa. Tadpoles baƙar fata da ke fitowa daga ƙwai ƙananan ƙananan. Toan ukun matasa, a ƙarshen canjin, sun kai 1 santimita kawai.

Hadari.

A cikin jikin yatsan, aga, akwai wasu glandon na musamman da suke samar da guba mai ƙarfi, wacce take da mutuƙar dabbobi masu shayarwa, har da mutane. Aga venom na iya shiga cikin jiki koda ta fata, saboda haka kar a taɓa taɓa taɓa. Koda kusanci da sunan yana da matukar haɗari, tunda yadin zai iya sakin ingantaccen gubar daga manyan gland dake kusa da idanu. Yayi daidai ya saki jiragen ruwa mai guba, kuma suka bugi maƙasudin daga nesa na mita ɗaya.

Babu wani cikinmu da zai yi mamakin cewa akwai macizai masu dafi. Amma idan an faɗi iri ɗaya game da toads, to da yawa ba za su gaskata shi ba. Ba da gaske wannan gaskiyar ta dace da kawunanmu ba. Koyaya, a tsakanin duk nau'ikan fauna na duniyarmu, ba ku iya samun kowa. Akwai, alal misali, ko da maɗauran lila! Ciki har da toads mai guba. Ofaya daga cikin irin waɗannan wakilan yana da suna mai ban tsoro da suna. A ƙasa zaku iya ganin hotonta.

Consideredasar toad-aga ana ɗauka Kudancin Arewacin da kuma Arewacin Kudancin Amurka. Ta shigo cikin Asiya ta hanyar gabatarwa, wato, ta hanyar mahalli. Wani mutum ya kawo ta Philippines, Taiwan, New Guinea, Ostiraliya tare da kyakkyawar niyya.Mutane sun yi tunanin cewa wannan maharbi mai hankali zai iya yaƙi da kwari da ke cutar da aikin gona.

Bayan wannan, toad-aga don rayuwarsa yana lalata ɗimbin kwari. Kodayake ban da su, yana ciyar da kananan dabbobi, ƙwanƙyashe, alaƙa, kusan dukkan nau'ikan gastropods waɗanda suke zaune a yanki guda.

Ee, daya daga cikin manyan masu maye a duniya. Tsawonsa daga hanci har zuwa kafaffun hancin ya kai santimita 13 zuwa 17. Yana auna kimanin kilogram. Yana motsawa da sauri a ƙarami, amma kullun tsalle-tsalle. A bayyane yake cewa tare da irin wannan bayanan na zahiri, zaiyi saurin lalata tarin kwari.

Amma mutane sunyi kuskure sosai. Maimakon farauta don ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, ta sami wasu abincin da suke da sauƙin samu. A cikin kasashen Asiya, ta fara kai farmaki frogs da lizers na gida. Bugu da kari, yatsun Aga ya fara ninkawa da sauri, yana haifar da babbar illa ga yawan dabbobin gida.

Wannan toad mai guba, ban da lalata dabbobin kai tsaye kai tsaye, yana sa su gasar abinci.

Hakanan, yawancin magabatansu suna mutuwa daga gubarsu, waɗanda suka kuskure kai tsaye ag, suna rikitar dasu da kwalliyar gida mara lahani. Daga gubarsu harda macizai da macizai suke halaka! A matsayin barazanar abokin gabansa, eh, yana iya yin kumburi.

Mafi yawan aiki a faɗuwar rana da dare. Da rana, suna hutawa a mafaka.

Guba na waɗannan toads yana da mutu'a ga duka dabbobi, haɗe da mutane. Babu adadin shari'o'in mutuwar da yawa da aka rubuta daga gare shi, amma duk da haka suna da wurin zama.

Ruwan mai guba a cikinsu yana cikin gland ɗin dake bayan idanun. Hakanan, wannan ruwa yana gudana daga gland din ta hanyar ramuka na musamman kuma yana shimfidawa akan fatar. Saboda haka, ko da taɓa taɓawa na tawilin na iya haifar da maye.

A wasu halaye, sunan na iya ma “harbi” mai guba a maharin. Kuma idan kun haɗiye wannan amintaccen, to, dabbar marar hankali tana jiran mutuwa.

Guba da guba na toad-aga yana da alamomin masu zuwa: salivation, tashin zuciya, ƙara matsa lamba, lalacewa mai zurfi ga tsarin juyayi kuma, a sakamakon haka, mutuwa daga kamawar bugun zuciya.

Daga wannan cutar mutane da yawa suna wahala waɗanda suka rikitar da shi ba tare da mai guba ba. A farkon matakan haɓaka, yana da matukar kama da sauran frogs a girma da launi, duba hoto.

Amma banda cutar da, yana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa ga mutum. Don haka, ana amfani dashi don dalilai na likita (tiyata na zuciya), azaman aphrodisiac, da sauransu.

Ee - toad

Me yasa yatsu ji daɗin irin waɗannan shahara mara kyau kuma ana amfani da kalmar sau da yawa azaman zagi? Ina tsammanin za a iya bayanin wannan sauƙi: waɗannan dabbobin suna da mummuna kuma, ƙari, fatar fata na fata yana ba da ɓoye mai guba, kodayake ba mai haɗari ga mutane ba. Don yatsu wannan guba yana taka muhimmiyar rawa: ita ce kawai hanyar da ta hanyar toad na iya tsoratar da maƙiyanku. Abin takaici, ba za ta iya tsalle tsinkaye kamar kwaɗi ba. Idan ka danganta da yatsu mai bude zuciya, zaku iya yin farin ciki da sauri da amincinsu da kyawawan idanuwansu. Saboda haka, kafin su kasance m mazauna terrariums. Tun daga yau, don dalilai bayyananne, basu samuwa don abubuwan da ake son amateur, Zan iyakance kaina ga nau'ikan biyu kawai toads m toads . wanda aka jera su kamar mafi girma.

Yeah toad kamar dukkan gaske yatsu nasa ne a dangi Bufonudae . Ta yi zama a yankin daga kudanci daga Arewacin Amurka zuwa Patagonia, amma saboda iyawar da take da shi na yakar kwari masu cutarwa, an fitar da ita zuwa sauran sassan duniya. Yana da kusan 20 cm tsayi, launin ruwan kasa, sau da yawa tare da ɗigon duhu ko haske. Toad babba, kuma babba dominta na bukatar farfajiya, ba babba ba, kamar yadda ba'a tsara ta ba saboda tsalle da hawa. Kasa ya kamata a rufe shi da cakuda babban peat abun ciki kuma ya kasance rigar koyaushe. A irin wannan cakuda mai taushi yatsu son tono. Wajan terrarium yakamata ya sami karamin tafki, rassan knotty, duwatsu ko manyan bishiyoyi wadanda zasuyi aiki toad tsari. Amma ga tsire-tsire, wannan babbar matsala ce, tunda yatsu - isasshen dabbobi masu ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin digging Reflex. Saboda haka, don terrarium, kuna buƙatar amfani da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi waɗanda suke da sauƙin canzawa. Aha toads suna son inuwa mai fuska da kuma yawan zafin jiki na iska, ruwa da ƙasa a 25ºС, wanda za'a iya kiyaye shi tare da taimakon haskakawa. Don kada terrarium yayi kama da bakin ciki, ana bada shawara don sanya fitila mai haske, wanda ya kamata a kashe da dare. Da yamma yatsu suna ɓoye a cikin mafakansu, saboda suna aiki ne kawai a yamma. Da yamma, suna zuwa rayuwa kuma suka fara neman abinci. Manyan kwari, tsutsotsi, har ma da sabon beraye za su yi musu. Idan toad a cikin farfajiya tana jin kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali, to tana iya cin abinci daga hannun amintaccen ta. Bayan sadarwa tare da rukunin ku, kuna buƙatar wanke hannuwanku don wanke kashe mai guba, wanda aka saki musamman daga glandon kunne.

Sources: alins.ru, web-zoopark.ru, poasii.ru, dic.academic.ru, www.ekzotika.com

Labarinmu zai ba da labarin ɗaya daga cikin manyan amphibians na duniya - Reed toad aga. Homelandasarta ta tsakiya ce da Kudancin Amurka, amma kewayon ɗaukar hoto.

Daga Masterweb

Labarinmu zai ba da labarin ɗaya daga cikin manyan amphibians na duniya - Reed toad aga. Wannan wace irin halitta ce wannan? Kayan aiki zai zama mai ban sha'awa ba kawai ga duk wanda ke sha'awar dabbobin daji ba, har ma ga waɗannan iyayen waɗanda 'ya'yansu suka shiga aji 3. "Toad aha" aiki ne mai wahala wanda ɗaliban aji uku zasu rubuta. An gayyaci yara don su saurari nassin game da wannan dabba, sannan su amsa jerin tambayoyi.

Yankin

Aga gida ce ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, amma kewayon ya ƙunshi sauran nahiyoyi. Misali, a Ostireliya, toad aga an zaunar dashi da wucin gadi ne don yaki da kwari. Kamar yadda a yawancin lamura masu kama da haka, gwajin bai yi nasara ba: kasancewar ba shi da abokan gaba, babban tsutsotsi da ke cike da sauran hian adam, ya bazu cikin hanzarin gabashin gabas kuma gaba ɗaya ya lalata nau'ikan halittu waɗanda ba su da wata kariya daga gare ta. An sami irin wannan yanayin a wasu tsibiran na Oceania da Caribbean.

Wadannan 'yan amphibians za su iya rayuwa ba wai kawai a cikin tsarkakakken ruwa ba, amma har inda ruwan kogin ya haɗu da ruwan gishiri, teku. Sakamakon wannan, a cikin wasu yaruka, ana kiran suna Aha. Matsakaicin zafin jiki yana da fadi sosai: daga digiri 5 zuwa 41 sama da sifilin.

Abubuwan waje

Wasu sunce toad aga yana daya daga cikin halittun mafi lalacewa a duniya. Yana da wahala a nuna irin wannan yanayin, kodayake bayyanar wannan dabbar tana da ban mamaki sosai.

Nuna yawan jima'i ba ma'anar sosai bane, amma mace koyaushe tana da girma fiye da maza. Mace na mace na iya samun nauyin kilo 2, yayin da nauyin maza ya bambanta tsakanin kilogram ɗaya. Girman Amphibian na iya kaiwa cm 25 a tsayi, kodayake yawancin wakilan nau'in galibi suna girma zuwa 15 cm.

Idan aka kalli hoton aga toad, zaku iya samun wayoyin fata masu wuya wadanda suka rufe kanta da jiki. Haɗin waɗannan halittun yana da girma, kafafu sunyi gajeru. Akwai membranes kawai a kan kafafu na baya, kuma a kan goshin ba su nan. Dalibin yana a kwance. Launin fata na iya zama daga zaitun haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa. A baya kullun duhu ne fiye da na ciki.

Ko da tare da tsirara ido zaka iya lura da mafi kyawun halayyar da toad aga ya mallaka. Muna magana ne game da glandar parotid wanda nau'in guba yake. Landsananan gland tare da guba suna ko'ina cikin jikin.

Kowane ɗayan manyan gland yana dauke da 0.07 g na guba. Ga mutane, wannan adadin ba mai haɗari bane, amma farin farin viscous na iya haifar da ƙonewa mai ɗaci. Har ila yau, da guba yana da wuya ya cutar da ɗanɗari: abu yana da ɗanɗano daɗin daɗi da ƙanshi mai ɗamara, saboda da kwaɗayin da ya faɗa cikin jijiyar ba da jimawa ba zai iya fitar da shi.

Farauta da abinci

Aha ya jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa. Yaci gaba da farauta, sai ta shimfiɗa guba tare da cinyoyinta duk a jikin ta don kar a hadiye ta da gangan. Lokacin farauta - faɗuwar rana. Wannan kyakkyawar dabba ce mai cin nama. Toad aga ya ci duk wanda ke gudun sa fiye da ta, kuma yana iya dacewa da bakinsa: kifi, kwari, katantanwa, lezards, leeches, jellyfish, crabs da sauran wakilan fauna, girman linzamin kwamfuta ko .asa. Idan farauta ba ta yi nasara ba na dogon lokaci, tsararraki na iya zama mutumci. Mutane masu lafiya suna cin tadpoles, caviar da kananan dabbobi.

Abokan halitta

Akwai ƙarancin dabbobi waɗanda ke farautar waɗanda ba su da wanda yake da haɗari. Koda cin caviar na iya haifar da guba a wasu dabbobi. Cwararru, manyan kunkuru, wasu macizai, berayen ruwa, tsuntsayen (kisa, kuliyoyi, daskararru) ganima akan gaba.

Ana cin Caviar ta crayfish, mollusks na dragonflies, millipedes, kwari da kifaye waɗanda basu da saƙar kamuwa da guba. An lura cewa wasu masu farautar za su iya cin abincin cikin fatar ba tare da taɓa fata mai guba ba.

Zaɓin wasu hujjoji masu alaƙa da halayyar rayuwa da rayuwar Aga zai taimaka wajen samun kyakkyawan yanayin yadda waɗannan halittu suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin.

• Sau ɗaya a kowane fewan watanni, yatsun tafi. Don yin wannan, sai ta isa wurin da ake da fitila kuma ta fara yin laushi har sai fatar jikinta a baya ta fashe. Bayan ya fita daga tsohuwar harsashi, dan amarya ya ci shi.
• 'Yan asalin Kudancin Amurka sun yi amfani da guba a wuraren tarukan addini. Haka yake a cikin abun da ya dace da LSD kuma yana da ikon haifar da abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba. Masu sihiri Voodoo ma sunyi amfani da wannan kayan don ayyukansu.
• Aha yana da ƙwayoyin huhu mafi haɓaka a cikin aji.
• Muryar waɗannan yatsun yana daga murya sosai. Daga nesa, mawaƙa tana kama da rumbunan injunan dizal.
• Sha'awa a cikin waɗannan dabbobi da kuma masu son kayan tarihi. Ana iya kiyaye Aga a gida, amma wannan ba aiki mai sauƙi ba ne. Kamar sauran manyan 'yan amphibians, toad guda yana buƙatar filin sararin samaniya mai adalci. Ana ciyar da toads na fursuna tare da kwari da abinci da mollusks. An lura cewa a cikin bauta, aga zai iya rayuwa kimanin shekaru 20, yayin da matsakaita tsawon lokaci shine rabi. Wasu daga shayarwa sun sami nasarar nasarar samar da yatsu a cikin bauta.

Toad aga - bayanin, fasali da hotuna.

Girman amphibian yana da ban sha'awa da gaske: wani lokacin toad yana da nauyi fiye da 1 kg, tsayin jikin mutum yana kimanin kimanin cm 16, kodayake a lokuta mafi ƙarancin zai iya kaiwa cm 20. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mata sun fi maza girma. Speciesaya daga cikin nau'ikan toads ne kaɗai zasu iya yin gasa tare da aga a girman - wannan shine mafi girma Blomberg toad a duniya (Bufo blombergi).

Ba za a iya kiran wannan amfaniyanci cute ba: baya na toad aga mai guba yana launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, an rufe shi da manyan duhu. Abun ciki mai ruwan hular ciki kuma an rufe shi da duhu, amma yayi karami. Fata yana da warty da karfi keratinized. Pupilsaliban da ke kwance a keɓe sababbi ne sakamakon rayuwar da ta gabata. Kamar sauran nau'ikan toads, aga suna da ƙafafun kafafu.

A ina ne tawul ɗin yake zaune? A wani yanki ne?

Asalin ginin da ke da guba na guba shine Kudancin da Tsakiyar Amurka, mazaunin ya fito ne daga Kogin Rio Grande, yana gudana a Texas, zuwa arewa maso gabashin Peru da kuma Amazon Lowland. Amphibians ba za su iya tsayar da sanyi ba, don haka duk mazaunin Aga toad, duka na halitta da sabon da aka samu, suna cikin yankuna masu zafi da yanayi. A zahiri, an gabatar da aga toad cikin kasashe da yankuna da yawa: Australia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, da wasu tsibiran Caribbean da Pacific. Anyi wannan ne saboda yadda lalatattun kayan gona suka lalata kwari da kiwo. Koyaya, ba a taɓa ƙididdige abubuwa masu guba na wannan amurka ba: ban da kwari, duka ƙabilar 'yar asalin amphibian da dabbobin gida sun sha wahala daga ƙwarjin da yadin.

Da guba na tawul.

Gurasar kunne ta bayan-kunne, wacce ke samar da sanannen raunin da yatsun kafa, suna nan a bayan kwanyar. Bugu da kari, akan fata na baya da kan kai, akwai wasu kananan cutuka masu guba. Kare ko cat da ya ciji tawul zai mutu nan take. Hakanan yana da haɗari ga ɗan adam: guba mai guba ta toad aga na iya shiga jiki, koda kuwa amurkawa ce kawai da hannu. Da yake jin barazanar, nan da nan sai ya jefa guba a hannun abokan gaba.

Me ke cin toad aha?

Daga sauran nau'ikan toads, cin kwari galibi, kwari ne da suke rarrabewa da omnivore. Tafiya farauta a cikin duhu, wannan amintaccen ɗan amarya, godiya ga gubarsa, yana kashewa kuma yana ci ba ƙwari da tsutsotsi kawai ba, har ma da ƙananan jijiyoyi, alal misali, beraye, da tsuntsaye, da sauran toads da kwaɗi. Idan ya cancanta, yadin katako zai iya kasancewa da wadatar fata.