Tsibirin Bali wani bangare ne na Tsibiri mafi karancin Sunda. Suna daga cikin manyan tsibirorin Malay a duniya. Bali da kanta yana kusa da tsibirin Java kuma Bali Strait ya rabu dashi (mafi dacewa madaidaicin Bali). Tsibirin daga yamma zuwa gabas yana da tsawon kilomita 145, kuma daga arewa zuwa kudu - kilomita 80. Yankin shine murabba'in murabba'in 5780. km Ma'ana, wannan babban shiri ne na ƙasar. An rufe shi da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da tsafta, yana da tsaunuka da kwarin koguna.
Kuma a kan waɗannan ƙasashe masu kyau na dubban shekaru, manyan kuliyoyi suka rayu. Sun je Bali cikin sauki, domin a zamanin da, tsibiri ɓangaren ƙasa ne. Amma shekaru dubu 12 da suka shude, matakin teku ya tashi, an kuma yanke masu farauta daga babban yankin. Don haka akwai ragin dammar Balinese. Ya wanzu ta hanyar ƙididdigar m har zuwa farkon 50s na karni na XX. A halin yanzu, wannan ƙananan tallafin ana ɗaukar su ƙare.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Balinese Tiger
Tigen Balinese wakili ne na shahararrun dabbobi masu shayarwa, ya kasance ga tsarin kaddara, dangin cat, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin asalin halittar panther da nau'in damisa. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da abin da ya faru na wannan wakilin dangin cat. Na farkonsu suna iƙirarin cewa ƙasashen Javanese da Balinese jinsuna ɗaya ne kuma sunada asalin magabata.
Sakamakon zamanin kankara na ƙarshe, ra'ayoyin ya kasu kashi biyu zuwa ga manyan glaciers. A sakamakon haka, yawan jama'a ya kasance a kan tsibirin Bali kuma daga baya aka mai da shi Balinese, na biyu kuma ya kasance a tsibirin Java kuma ana kiransa Javanese.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Balinese Tiger
Tsawon jikin dabbar ya kama daga daya da rabi zuwa mita biyu da rabi a cikin maza kuma daga mitoci zuwa biyu a cikin mata. Girman jikin dabbar ya kai kilo 100 na maza har zuwa mata 80. Height at the withers 70-90 santimita. Wadannan wakilan dangi masu cin abincin ɗan adam suna da dimorphism na jima'i.
Wani fasalin musamman wannan tallafin shine ulu. Gajera ce kuma tana da launi mai launi orange. Abubuwan giciye masu launin launin baki. Yawansu bai ƙyalƙyali sosai da na tigers ɗin ba. Tsakanin rami mai rarrabawa akwai zagaye duhu na duhu, kusan launin baki. Yankin wuyansa, kirji, ciki da kuma tafin kafafu suna da haske, kusan fararen launi.
Wutsiya a cikin dabbobi yayi tsawo, ya kai kusan tsawon mita. Yana da launi mai haske da ratsi mara igiya. A tip wani lokaci mai duhu goge. Jikin mai cin gashin kansa yana daure, mai taushi tare da tsokoki masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Gaban jikinta yayi dan girma fiye da baya. Hannun gajeru ne, amma yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Hannun kafafu hudu ne, yatsun kafa biyar, gaban yatsa biyar. Wswararren mahaifa sun kasance a kan gabar jiki.
Shugaban dabbar yana da zagaye, karama ne. Kunnuwa sun kasance ƙarami, zagaye, located a tarnaƙi. Kunnen ciki na kunnuwan koyaushe yana haske. Idanun suna zagaye, duhu, ƙarami. A garesu biyu na fuskar akwai haske mai haske, wanda ya haifar da sha'awar masu warin baki. A yankin kunci akwai yalwataccen tsayi, farin faifansa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lamarin maharbi ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Manyan hakora masu hakora sun wakilce su. Anyi la'akari da fanch ɗin mafi tsawo. Tsawonsu ya kai sama da santimita bakwai. An yi niyyar raba abincin naman zuwa sassan.
Ina ne Tigen Balinese yake zaune?
Hoto: Balinese Tiger
Wannan wakilin dangin cat ya rayu na musamman a Indonesia, a tsibirin Bali, ba a sami sauran yankuna ba. A matsayin wurin zama, dabbobi sun fi son gandun daji, suna da girma a cikin kwarin jikin ruwa daban-daban. Abunda ake buƙata shine kasancewar wani tafki wanda suke ƙaunar iyo da sha da yawa bayan sun ci abinci.
Haka kuma Tigen balinese zai iya kasancewa a tsaunuka. Mazauna yankin sun lura da kararraki yayin da suka hadu da maharbin a wani tsawan mai nisan mita dubu daya da rabi.
Babban mazauninsu:
- tsaunukan dutse
- gandun daji
- Takaddara mai zafi
- kusa da iyakar sassan jikin ruwa na wasu sikeli,
- a cikin dabbobin
- a kan tsaunin tsaunin.
Ga yawan jama’ar yankin, damisar Bailiysky wata dabba ce mai ban mamaki, wacce aka lasafta ta musamman ƙarfi, iko, har ma da tsafin sihiri. A wannan yankin, mafarautan zasu iya kasancewa kusa da wuraren zaman mutane kuma galibi ana farautar dabbobi. Koyaya, mutane sunji tsoron kuli-kuli da lalacewarsu kawai idan suka haifar da babbar illa ga gidan.
Baƙon abu ba ne dabbobi su auka wa mutane. Koyaya, a cikin 1911, mafarauci Oscar Voynich ya isa Indonesia. Shi, tare da sauran mambobin rukunin sa, sun kashe wanda ya kashe mai farautar. Bayan haka, aka fara tsananta wa mutane da kashe dabbar. Tun da kawai wurin da damisar Balinese ke zaune ita ce tsibirin Bali, mutane ba sa bukatar lokaci mai yawa don lalata dabba gaba ɗaya.
Me Tigen Balinese ya ci?
Hoto: Balinese Tiger
Tigen balinese dabbar dabba ce. Tushen abincin shine abincin nama. Saboda girmanta, lalacewa da alherinsa, wakilin cat cat bashi da masu fafatawa kuma ya kasance wakilin babban matakin sarkar abinci. Tigers sun kasance kyawawan dabi'u da mafarautan farauta. Saboda launin su, ba su lura da shi ba a lokacin farauta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Anyi amfani da gashin baki mai tsawo a matsayin jagora a sarari. Mafi sau da yawa fiye da ba, sun fi son bin abin da za su ci a kan hanyoyi kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa wanda herbivores ya isa ramin shara.
Tigen ya zaɓi wurin mafi kyau da fa'ida wurin farauta da jira. Lokacin da ganima ya matso kusa, maharbin tare da tsalle mai saurin walƙiya, sun kai hari ga ganima, wanda wani lokacin ma basu da lokacin fahimtar abin da ya faru. Game da farauta mai nasara, damisa ta dafe hanjin wanda aka yi wa rauni, ko kuma ta karya wuyansa. Zai iya cin ganima a kan tabo, ko kuma ya ja shi zuwa mafaka a cikin haƙoransa. Idan maharbi ya kasa cin ganima, sai ya bi shi na ɗan wani lokaci, sannan ya yi ritaya.
Adultaya daga cikin manya ya ci kilo 5 na nama a rana. A wasu halayen, zasu iya cinye kilo 20. Dabbobin sun yi farauta musamman a yamma. Sun nemi farauta su kadai, ba kasafai ake zama bangare na rukuni ba. Kowane mutum yana da nasa yankin don farauta. Ga maza, yana da kusan murabba'in kilomita 100, ga mace - rabi.
Baƙon abu bane ga dabbobi suyi rayuwa mai taushi. Daga makonni da yawa zuwa ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu da suka rayu a cikin yanki ɗaya, sannan kuma suka ƙaura zuwa wani. Kowane datti ya yi alamar yankinsa da fitsari tare da wani ƙanshin. Yankin namiji zai iya kasancewa yana kullewa ta hanyar farautar mata.
Abin da ya zama tushen tushen abinci mai gina jiki ga damƙai:
Tigers bai taɓa farauta ba sai dai in suna jin yunwa. Idan farauta ya zama mai nasara, kuma ganima ya kasance babba, dabbobin sun ci kuma basa fita farauta tsawon kwanaki 10-20, ko ma ƙari.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Balinese Tiger
Masu fataucin sun saba da yanayin rayuwa ɗaya, ɓatattu. Kowane ɗayan tsoho ya mamaye wani yanki, wanda aka yi masa alama tare da taimakon fitsari, wanda yake da ƙanshin kamshi. Mafi yawan lokuta, mazaunin abinci da abinci na mutane daban-daban ba su mamaye, kuma idan an mamaye shi, to maza ba sa nuna zalunci ga mata kawai. In ba haka ba, za su iya yin yaƙin da kuma shirya yaƙi don 'yancin mallakar ƙasa. Dabbobin sun rayu a wannan yanki tsawon makonni, sannan sun nemi sabon wuri don ciyar da mazauni.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu siyarwa sune mafi yawan aiki a maraice, da dare. Sun fita farauta ne kaɗai, a lokacin aure, sai suka farauta nau'i biyu. Yin farauta na rukuni ma zai yiwu yayin da mace ta koyar da farautar yaranta.
Tigen Balinese ƙaunar gaskiya ce ta hanyoyin ruwa. Sun ji daɗin cin lokaci mai yawa a tafkunan, musamman ma lokacin zafi. Wadannan halaye masu hangen nesa suna da halin tsabta. Sun kwashe lokaci mai yawa kan yanayi da bayyanar ulursu, tsawon lokaci sun tsabtace kuma sun lashireshi, musamman bayan farauta da cin abinci.
Gabaɗaya, dabba ba za a iya kira m ba. Duk tsawon rayuwarsa a tsibirin Bali, tiger bai taɓa kaiwa mutum hari ba, duk da kusancinsa. Balaguron Balinese an dauke shi kyakkyawan dan wasan ninkaya ne, yana da matukar hangen nesa da kunne mai kauri, cikin hikima da sauri suka hau kan bishiyoyi daban-daban. A matsayin matsayin magana a cikin sarari, ya yi amfani da vibriza.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Balinese Tiger
Lokacin yin aure da haihuwar zuriya ba lokacin da aka tsara shi ba. Mafi sau da yawa, ana haihuwar 'ya'yan tun daga ƙarshen kaka zuwa tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Bayan an kirkiri mahaukatan a lokacin aure, daukar ciki ya sanya mace, wacce ta kai kwanaki 100 - 105. Ainihin, an haifi kitse 2-3.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ma'aurata da suka haɗu koyaushe suna shirya wani wuri don haihuwar jarirai. Mafi sau da yawa, ya kasance a cikin ɓoye, wuri mara ganuwa a farkon kallo - a cikin murƙun manyan duwatsu, kogon rami mai zurfi, a cikin tarin ɓatattun bishiyoyi, da sauransu.
Gwargwadon kitse guda shine 800 - 1500. An haife su da makafi, tare da samun ci gaba mai ji. Mayafin ƙananan yara sunyi kama da fuka-fukai. Koyaya, yara sun sami ƙarfi da sauri kuma suka girma. Bayan kwana 10-12, idanunsu suka buɗe, kuma hankali ya ci gaba. Iya a hankali kuma tana kulawa da herasan ta, aƙalla hadarin ya jawo su cikin mafi ingantaccen tsari mai kariya. Kittens an ciyar da madarar uwa har zuwa watanni 7-8.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bayan sun isa wata ɗaya, sun bar matsugunin su kuma sun fara binciken abubuwan da ke kusa da su. Farawa daga watanni 4-5, mace a hankali ta fara saba musu da abincin nama, tana koyar da dabaru da dabarun farauta.
Matsakaicin rayuwar mutum guda cikin yanayin halitta ya kama daga shekaru 8 zuwa 11. Kowane yar karamar yarinya ta kasance karkashin kulawa da kariya daga mahaifiyar har ta kai shekaru biyu. Lokacin da kittens din suka juya shekaru biyu, basu rabu ba, kuma suka fara jagorancin rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Kowannensu yana neman yanki don farauta mai zaman kanta da rayuwa.
Abokan Halitta na Balinese Tigers
Hoto: Balinese Tiger
Lokacin da suke rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta, waɗannan magabatan zuriya ba su da abokan gaba a tsakanin wakilan duniyar dabba. Babban kuma babban makiyi, wanda aikinsa ya haifar da ɓacewar ɓarnar tigers, ya zama mutum.
A karshen karni na 19, Turawa sun bayyana a Indonesia, daga cikinsu akwai Oscar Voynich. Shine tare da tawagarsa suka harbe dutsen Balinese na farko a cikin 1911. Bayan haka, har ma ya rubuta littafi game da wannan taron, wanda aka buga a 1913. Daga wannan lokacin, sha'awar wasanni da sha'awar kashe kai sun haifar da cikakken lalata ƙananan ƙasashe a cikin shekaru 25 kawai.
Mazauna karkara, Turawa, Aborigines ba sa lalata dabbobi a hanyoyi da yawa: sun yi tarko, tarko, harbe, da sauransu. Bayan an gama lalata dabbobi, a cikin 1937 mutane sun fara ci gaba da lalata duk wani abu da ke tunatar da kasancewar dabbar: nune-nunen kayan tarihi, tarihin tarihi, fatalwar dabbobi da ragowar kasusuwanta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu mafarautan sun lura cewa sun sami damar lalata dabbobi 10-13 a cikin ɗaya ko biyu yanayi.
Zuwa yanzu, duk abin da ya saura na kyakkyawa, mai kyan gani shine hoto guda daya wanda aka kama dabbar da ta mutu kuma an dakatar da ita ta hanyar katako, har ma da skins biyu da kwanyar uku a gidan kayan gargajiya a Burtaniya. Ban da ’yan Adam, maƙiyin ba shi da wasu abokan gaba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Balinese Tiger
A yau, huhun Balinese shine maɓarnaci na cat, wanda mutane suka lalata gaba ɗaya. Masanan dabbobi suna da'awar cewa an kashe kunkuru na farko a cikin 1911, kuma na ƙarshe a cikin 1937. An san cewa mutumin da ya mutu na ƙarshe mace ce. Daga wannan gaba, ana daukar jinsunan a hukumance a hukumance.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu masana kimiyya suna da'awar cewa a cikin kurmi mai yawa, da ba za'a iya jurewa ba, mutane da yawa zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa tsakiyar 50s. Abin da aka faɗa, shaidar mutanen mazaunan tsibirin suna tabbatar da wannan. Koyaya, bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II, ba wanda ya iya saduwa da damin Balinese a ko'ina.
Babban abin da ke haifar da lalacewa iri iri shi ne lalata mazauninsu na asali, gami da barna, mummunan aiki da lalacewar da masu ba da agaji ke yi. Babban dalilin farauta da wargajewa shine ƙima da babban kuɗin kurar da ƙanƙanin dabbobi. Hukumomin Indonesiya sun hana masu farautar farauta latti - a shekarar 1970 kawai. An lissafta daman a cikin Dokar Kare Tsarin dabbobi, wacce aka sanya hannu a shekarar 1972.
Maƙotan suna da dangantaka ta musamman tare da ɗakin harbin Balinese. Ya kasance gwarzo ne na labarun mutane da almara, tare da hotonsa suka sanya kayan gado, kwano, da sauran ayyukan hannu na mazauna karkara. Koyaya, akwai abokan hamayya game da maido da yawan jama'a, wanda yanayi mai tsananin kiyayya ya bayyana shi. Ya kasance tare da faifan irin waɗannan mutane an lalata dukkan alamu da alamomi na mai farautar.
Tigen balinese ya kasance kyakkyawa mai kyau na alheri, kyakkyawa ta halitta da ƙarfi. Ya kasance mafarauci ne kuma mai sauyin yanayi, wakilin filastik na duniyar dabba. Abin baƙin ciki, kurakuran ɗan adam ba za su sake yarda a sake ganinsa yana raye ba.
Bayanin
Tigen daji wanda ke zaune a tsibirin Bali ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanci a cikin ƙasƙanci. Gidajen kayan tarihin suna kiyaye skan sko 7 da kwanyar waɗannan dabbobin na biyun. Halin kwanyar ana halin sashin kunkuntun occipital part An auna fatalwar maza a cikin yanayin mai wahala. Ga maza, tsawonsa ya kai mita 2.2-2.3, ga mace wannan alamar tana da mita 1.9-2.1. Dangane da ƙididdigar marasa ƙarfi, dangane da girman, maza sun yi awo daga kilo 90 zuwa 100, kuma nauyin matan ya kai kilogiram 65-80. Wadannan adadi sunada kusanci, tunda babu wanda ya taba auna mai rai ko kashe balinese Balinese.
Bayanin masanin ilimin dabbobi na Jamusanci Ernst Schwartz ya yi bayanin bayanin Balinese a 1912. A wancan lokacin, mafarautan masu zafin rai har yanzu suna zaune a Bali, amma an tsara bayanin gwargwadon fata da kwanyar wata tsohuwa, wacce ake da su a Gidan Tarihi na Senckenberg. Likitan likitan dabbobi ya lura cewa Jawo gajere ne kuma yana da launi mai haske mai haske. Akwai ƙasa da ƙananan baƙaƙe baƙaƙen fata akan fata fiye da sauran ƙananan talla.
Kashe Balinese Tiger
Farautar farashi ta fara ne a karshen karni na 19, lokacin da Turawa suka bayyana a Bali. Tsibirin ya zama yankin mallaka na Dutch kuma mafarautan Turai sun bayyana, dauke da manyan bindigogi masu ƙarfi. Bayan wannan, an fara harbin bindigar Balinese. An gina tarkunan karfe wadanda ke da bait, kuma wadanda suka sami shiga cikinsu an harba su daga nesa kusa da bindiga. Wasu mafarautan sun kashe kuliyoyi 10-15 a cikin 'yan shekaru. Dukkan waɗannan an yi su ne saboda sha'awar wasanni.
Godiya ga irin wannan farauta mara zurfi, tirinin Balinese a tsakiyar shekarun 30s na karni na XX ya daina zuwa ga mafarauta masu sha'awar kofuna masu alatu. Mafi muni, wannan tallafin ya riga ya ɓace a cikin wannan lokacin. Amma yana iya yiwuwa akwai manyan kuliyoyi masu yawa waɗanda suka shiga cikin tsaunuka da gandun daji. A cikin 1941, an kirkiro ajiyar farauta a tsibirin. Amma ya riga ya yi latti. Rikewar ba ta kubutar da tigers ɗin musamman daga halaka ba.
Wasu masana sun ba da shawarar cewa wasu wakilan mambobin ƙasashen Balinese sun rayu har zuwa farkon, kuma wataƙila har zuwa tsakiyar karni 50 na karni na XX. Koyaya, bayan yakin duniya na II, ba wanda ya taɓa ganin rakiyar rayayye ɗaya a Bali.
Gidan kayan gargajiya na Burtaniya a Landan ya adana fatalwar fata 2 da kwanyar 3 na hulan Balinese. Wannan shine mafi girman tarin. Akwai kofe guda a cikin gidajen tarihi na Senckenberg (Frankfurt), Naturkund (Stuttgart), Gidan kayan tarihin Bogor. A Indonesia, ana kiyaye ragowar ofan wasan Balinese na ƙarshe. A cikin 1997, daya daga cikin zuriyar ɗayan mafarautan ya ba da gudummawar kai ga Gidan Tarihi na Harkokin Tarihi na Hungary. Wannan shine kawai abin da ya rage daga cikin magabatan da ke da sau ɗaya wanda ke zaune ɗayan tsibiri mafi ƙarancin Sunda.
Abin lura ne cewa ba a taɓa kama ɗan fari na Balinese da rai kuma, saboda haka, ba'a taɓa sa shi cikin zakatar dabbobi ba. Saboda haka, kusan babu abin da aka sani game da haihuwar wannan maharbin, al'adunta, da hanyoyin farauta. Akwai kawai almara da al'adun mutanen yankin, wanda tabbacin cat yake taka muhimmiyar rawa. Amma irin wannan bayanin ba shi da alaƙa da kimiya kuma ba shi da wata ma'ana game da dabba ta gaskiya, ƙarfinsa, ɓarna da tunani.
Bayanin waje. Kiwo
Tigen Balinese ya bambanta da dangin sa a cikin ƙananan girma. Tsawon, mazan sun kai 120-230 cm, matan sun kasance ƙarami, kawai 93-183 cm Duk da haka, har ma da irin waɗannan ƙaddara na maƙiyin sun ba da tsoro ga yawan mazaunan. Girman dabbar bai wuce kilo 100 ba a cikin maza, kuma kilo 80 a cikin mace.
Ba kamar sauran dangi ba, dabbar Balin ta na da wani furfura daban. Ya kasance gajere da ruwan orange. Yawan raunin ya ƙasa da na al'ada, wani lokacin ana samun duhu duhu a tsakanin su.
Mahaifiyar mace ta dauki tsawon kwanaki 100-110, koda yaushe akwai yara kitse 2-3 a cikin lungu. An haife su makaho ne da marasa taimako, masu nauyin nauyin 1.3. Amma kusa da shekarar su da kansu suka farautar abin da suka farauto kuma suka farauta. Koyaya, tare da damis ɗin ya kasance har zuwa shekaru 1.5-2. Waɗannan wakilan 'yan wasan sun rayu kusan shekaru 10.
Habitat
Asalin tigers na kwalliyar Balinese shine Indonesia, tsibirin Bali. Ba a taɓa ganin wannan kudaden a wasu yankuna ba.
Ya jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa mai kama da sauran ragowar feline. Hanyar dabba da aka fi so da rayuwar ɓace. Ya zauna a wuri guda na makonni da yawa, sannan ya tafi neman sabo. Manyan kwari sun alamar yankinsu da fitsari, wanda ke nuna mallakar wurare takamaiman ga wani mutum.
Sun kasance manyan masu son ruwa. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, kullun wanka da swam a cikin tafkunan.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tigen Balinese ya kasance mafarauta. Ya nemi farauta shi kadai, amma a lokuta da dama a lokacin kiwo ya tafi neman ganima da matarsa. Idan da akwai mutane da yawa a lokaci guda kusa da dabba da aka kama, to, ya kasance maɓallin zuriya tare da zuriya.
Kamar sauran wakilan nau'in, wani katon kyakkyawa ne wanda ke kula da yanayin ajikin sa, yana bada izinin barin shi lokaci-lokaci, musamman bayan abinci.
A lokacin farauta, an yi amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu: tsegumi da jiran wanda aka azabtar. Launin shafawa ya taimaka wa damisa ta fara gano abubuwa. Mafi yawan lokuta sukan farauta a kusa da tafkunan da kan hanyoyi. Komawa cikin ganima a cikin ƙananan matakan taka tsantsan, damis ya yi manyan tsalle-tsalle kuma ya ci ganima.
Yayin jira, maharmar yana kwance, kuma lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya matso, ya yi sauri. Game da rasa fiye da mita 150, bai bi dabba ba.
Tare da nasarar farauta, kamar sauran manyan kuliyoyi, damtsen tsuntsaye masu lalacewa suna lalata ganima, galibi suna karya wuya. A lokaci guda, yana iya cin nama har zuwa kilogiram 20 na nama.
Yayin motsin wanda aka kashe, maharbin ya dauke shi a cikin hakora ko ya jefa shi a bayan bayansa. Tiger ya yi farauta a yamma ko da dare. Duk fasahohin da aka yi amfani da su sun kasance sakamakon mahaifiyar horarwa ne, kuma ba dabi'ar halayen mahaifa ba.
A yankunanta, damin Balin shine saman abinci, da wuya kowa yayi gasa da wannan dabbar. Don kansa, mutane kawai suna wakiltar haɗari.
Tsarin jinsin
Mutumin balinese ya kare da mutum. A hukumance, an harbe wakilin farko na wakilan a cikin 1911. Babban mutum ne wanda ke da sha'awar yawan jama'ar yankin. Bayan faruwar hakan, farautar farauta ta makiyaya, galibi ana amfani da dabbobi azaman magabatansu.
An harbe aya ta ƙarshe a ranar 27 ga Satumbar, 1937, tun daga wannan lokacin ne aka san cewa rukunin ya ragu. An san cewa mace ce. Akwai ma hotuna na ainihi waɗanda ke kama mazaunan karkara da dabbar da ta mutu. An yi imani cewa mutane da yawa zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa 50s.
Babban abin da ke haifar da guguwar Balinese ita ce lalata mazaunin ɗan adam da kuma ɓarna (a wancan lokacin sanannu) farautar farauta. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana kashe shi saboda fur mai mahimmanci.
An dai farauta ne bisa hukuma ne kawai a cikin 1970, kuma an ambaci dabbar a cikin Dokar Kare Namun daji ta 1972.
A cikin al'adun mazaunan tsibirin Bali, damisa ta mamaye shahararren abu. An bi shi da girmamawa. Ya hadu da tatsuniyoyin mutane, ana amfani da hotonsa a cikin zane-zane na gida.
Koyaya, akwai wadanda suka yiwa dabbobin rauni ko da ƙiyayya. Bayan an gama kisan dabbar, an lalata takardu da yawa da sauran kayan da suka danganci damisa.
A Ingila, Gidan kayan gargajiya na Burtaniya yana da guntun kasusuwa na kasusuwa, kwanyar uku da konkoma karãtun biyu na maƙiyin ɓarna.
Dangantaka da mutum
Mazauna yankin suna tsoron dabbar, suna ba ta kayan sihiri, suna yin tatsuniyoyi game da ita kuma suna danganta ta da mummunan lalata. 'Ya'yan gonar dole ne su bi su kuma kashe waɗancan dabbobin da ke kaiwa hari dabbobi da lalata gonaki; ba sa farauta riba. Tigen Balinese da kansa bai kai hari ga mutum ba da wani dalili; a yanayin cin naman mutane, ba a gan shi ba.
Irin wannan halin ya ci gaba har zuwa 1911, lokacin da maharbi mai son k'awarta kuma mai son k'awancen Baron Oscar Voynich ya zo daga Hungary a Bali. Shi ne ya kashe magabacin farko, wanda ya tsokani duk wani abin da ya faru da baƙin ciki. An fara tsananta wa mutane da farauta a cikin damunar Balinese. Aborigine da mafarauta masu ziyartar sun halarci aikin. An aika da ƙungiyoyi duka don kama dabbar. Rabin ƙarni na mutanen da suka isa ya isa mutane su hallakar da ƙwararrun masu karamin karfi. An harbe tigress na karshe a shekara ta 1937.
Bai isa ba ga mazaunan Bali su tsabtace tsibirin daga maharbi, kuma sun dau nauyin kowace irin abubuwan tunawa game da ita - shaidar gaskiya, zane, fatalwa, abubuwan bauta. Duk da wannan, har yanzu wannan damisa yana ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin Balinese na Hindu.
A hoton da ya tsira, an kama damisa Balinese ya mutu kuma an rataye shi a kafaɗa a kan doguwar itace, a bayan mafarautan dabbar da aka yanka. Hoton kwanan wata 1913. Bayyanun tarihin gidan kayan tarihin na Burtaniya ya ƙunshi kwanyar uku da fatun biyu - kuma wannan, watakila, shine ragowar dabbar.
Tarihin tallafi
Akwai maganganu da yawa game da bayyanar maharmar a tsibirin:
- A cewar daya daga cikinsu, Sumatran tiger (mazaunin Sumatra), Javanese tiger (wanda aka kare a Java a karshen karni na karshe) da kuma Tigen Balinese a baya ya wanzu akan babban yankin gama gari kuma mallakar nasarorin iri daya ne. Bayan ƙarshen zamanin Ice, wani yanki na ƙasar ya shiga ruwa kuma an sami keɓantattun ƙananan magabatan juna a tsibirin tsibirin Malay - Java, Sumatra, Bali.
- Dangane da wani fasalin, magabatan magabatan magabata sun yi ruwa sosai, a cikin neman ganima, da ace ya tashi daga tsibiri zuwa tsibiri. Wasu dabbobin ba su koma ba, amma suna zaune a cikin sabon yankuna kuma suna rayayye. Yayin aiwatar da karbuwa ga wasu yanayin rayuwa, tigers sun bayyana wasu bambance-bambance na waje, wanda daga ƙarshe ya shafi rarrabawarsu a ƙasashe dabam dabam.
Masana binciken halittu har yanzu basu samo tabbataccen shaidar wadannan ka'idojin ba. Amma kwayoyin, bayan sunyi nazarin jerin DNA, sun gano kwayar halitta - kamanceceniyar kwayar halittar tsakanin kuɗin uku.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da aka samo yayin karatun suna ba da bege don maido da ƙwarjin damisa ta Balinese ta hanyar matsar da haɓakar dabbar Sumatran zuwa tsibirin Bali A cewar masana ilimin dabbobi, dabbobi za suyi saurin sauƙaƙe cikin sauƙin, suna ɗauka cikakke a yankin kuma a ƙarshe samu sifofin sauran yan uwan.
Rayuwa & Abinci
Maƙaddara sun jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa ɗaya kawai, suna zaɓan wuraren da wuraren shakatawa, da isasshen ganima. Yana ƙaunar kuma ya san yadda ake iyo da kyau, yana da ji da gani mai kyau, hawa dutsen. Additionalarin ƙarin nasihu a cikin ɓoyayyen duwatsun dutsen Balinese ya kasance gashin baki, dogayen launuka sun sanya damar hadewa da yanayin kewayenta.
Yankin farauta na maza bai wuce km 100 ba, mace - 40 - 60 km 2. An yi wa wuraren alama da fitsari. Shiryawar maza zasu iya mamayewa tare da dabarun mata da yawa.
Dabarun farauta da hanyoyin farauta bai bambanta da na wasu ƙasashen da daman damisawa ba. Kayan yau da kullun na nama sun kasance daga 5 zuwa 6 kg. Babban abincin shine deer, aladu na daji, porcupines. Ya kuma ci ciyoyi, kwaɗi, kifi, da dabbobi masu rarrafe. An farauto don biri, tsuntsaye.
Sake bugun da kula da zuriya
Matar ta haihuwar zuriya a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma mafi yawan lokuta daga ƙarshen Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu. Cutar ciki bata wuce kwanaki 103. Akwai yara biyu ko uku a cikin zuriyar dabbobi.
Iyalin sun zauna a cikin ingantacciyar hanya - a cikin murƙun duwatsu, a gindin itace ko a cikin kogo. Bornan jarirai masu nauyin 900 - 1300 grams, makafi ne, ba su da ji. A rana ta goma, idanunsu suka buɗe. Ciyar da madara ya kai tsawon watanni hudu zuwa biyar. San watansu na iya barin kogon, bayan wata shida sun fara koyan farauta.
A karkashin tutelage na mahaifiyar, matasa masu cin gashin kansu sun haɗu har zuwa shekara biyu, sannan sun nemo wa kansu wuraren yanar gizo na farauta. Rayuwar Bil Adama ba ta wuce shekaru 8 - 10.