Yankin sarki na turawa yana da fadi sosai kuma ya mamaye filayen daga Yankin Scandinavia zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, kuma a Turai yafito daga Fotigal zuwa Jamus zuwa arewa. Ana iya samun Dragonfly a kudancin Sweden zuwa birnin Uppsala. Tsarin ya yadu cikin Ingila, musamman a Kudancin Ingila da kudu Wales. A gabashin Eurasia, kewayon ya kai ga yankin larabawa da tsakiyar Asiya. A cikin Rasha, kwaro yana zaune a cikin rabin rabin ɓangaren Turai, kewayon shine mosaic, tare da ƙara rarrabuwar kashi a cikin shugabanci daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso gabas. Gabaɗaya, an raba lardin cikin gida.Wanjin an samo shi a jikin ruwan da yake buɗe ciki da shimfidar wurare na gandun daji. Babban wuraren zama sune yankuna na garken manyan tafkuna, wani lokacin jikin ruwa mai malala mara ruwa.
Menene kamarsa
Kallon-sarki shine daya daga cikin manyan jinsunan Turawa na katako. Jikinsa ya kai 65-78 mm a tsayi, kuma fikaffi shine 90-110 mm. Kwaro na Lepidoptera. Ingsayoyi a bayyane, tsawon 50 mm, launin fararen launin shuɗi mai launin fata yana da wurin hutawa. Kodan yayi kore mai ratsin baki mai kauri a seams. Kafafu masu tsalle-tsalle masu tsayi, launin ruwan kasa, launin shuɗi a gindi. A cikin jirgin, an haɗa su cikin kwandon farauta don kwari. Idanun suna da manyan launuka masu launin shuɗi-kore. Abun ciki yana da tsawo, sashinsa na karshe yana ɗaukar peculiar ƙarfi wanda maza ke buƙatar ɗaukarsa. A cikin mazan namiji, ciki mai haske ne mai launin shuɗi tare da raɗaɗi: saman yana daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗa, kusurwoyi yana cikin fata baki. Abun ciki na mace mai launin shuɗi-kore ne, a gefen ɓangaren hancin yana da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar launin shuɗi mai ruwan sanyi. Larvae mai launin ruwan kasa tare da jan hankali da kuma keɓaɓɓen kai, wanda kannun manya-manyan idanu ne. A tsawon kai 45-56 mm.
Rayuwa da Ilimin halitta
Jirgin kwari ya fara a cikin watan Mayu kuma zai kasance har zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. Manya manya ne. Abincinsu ya ƙunshi manya manyan kwari a cikin dare, ƙananan daskararru, sauro da kwari. Namiji yana da yankin da yake kula da shi koyaushe. A cikin mallakarsa, ya ba da damar kawai mata. Dankinta da kwanciya qwai ya faru anan. A lokacin tarawa, Namiji yakan kama matar ta wata irin ƙaƙƙarfan kayan ƙawa da ke a ƙarshen ƙarshen ciki, kuma yana jan ta har zuwa lokacin da ta kawo gawar ta zuwa ga maniyyin. Mace tana sanya ƙwai akan tsire-tsire masu ruwa, kamar ciyayi, ko akan abubuwa masu iyo a ruwa - guntun haushi, rassan. Namiji baya tare da ita.
Sarki sentinel larvae (phytophilles) haɓaka a jikin tsayayyen ruwa mai ruwa. Su 'yan farauta ne kuma yawanci suna tafiya a hankali a tsakanin tsirrai masu ruwa na cikin ruwa. Abinci ya bambanta sosai - daga ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa zuwa tadpoles da soya kifi. Haɓakawa yana ɗaukar shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu - duka ya dogara da tsarin zafin jiki, yalwar abinci da wadatar abinci. A wannan lokacin, kusan hanyoyin 12 ke faruwa.
Wani lokacin farawa daga tsutsa ya fara ne a ƙarshen watan Mayu kuma zai ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. Manyan da suka bayyana sun bazu ko'ina: don neman abincin da suke motsawa kilomita 3-4 daga jikin ruwa mafi kusa. Mace sun fi son gefuna da gandun daji; maza sun fi mai da hankali ga ruwa.
Patrol-sarki - mafi girman katako a cikin Rasha
Kodan kore ne, mai ratsin baki daya a bakin kwarya. Ingsayoyi suna bayyanawa, tsawon cm 5. Farantin ɗayan launuka na bambancin launin toka-fararen launi. Kafafu masu tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle, wanda daga nan ne aka samar da “kwandon” a guje don kama kwari. Cikakken ciki na wani saurayi mai launin shuɗi ne, na mace mai launin shuɗi ne ko mai launin shuɗi, tare da madaidaiciyar baƙar fata ta hannun daman a gefen ƙasan hannun. Idanun suna da girma, launin shuɗi-kore.
Yaɗa
Dabbobin suna da kewayon da ba a saba ba, suna ketare dukkan bangarorin duniya daga Yankin Scandinavia zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, amma a yawancin yankuna da ke tsakanin kewayon yaduwar su kusan yankuna ne. A cikin Rasha, kewayon yana iyakance kawai ga ƙarshen rabin yankin Turai. Yankin arewa na kan iyaka ya ratsa ta layin Pskov Lake - Rybinsk Reservoir - Kuibyshev Reservoir - asalin Kogin Tobol. Zai yuwu cewa sanannan nau'in sanannun jirage ne a yankin arewa maso gabashin Moscow, kuma a al'ada basa zaune a wurin. Rarraba a cikin ɓangaren Rasha na kewayon mosaic ne, tare da kyakkyawar niyya don haɓaka ƙarancin wuraren zama a cikin shugabanci daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa-gabas.
Fitowar sarki sentinel
Kirjin sarki sentinel mai launin kore ne mai ratsu mai launin baki a teams. Kafafu suna da tsayi, suna da aladun da suka ninka a cikin wani kwandon kama kama kwari a cikin jirgin.
Mai Martaba Sarkin Kallon (Anax mai kwaikwayon Anax).
Fuka-fuki suna amfanuwa, sun kai tsawon santimita 5. A cikin maza, ciki mai launin shuɗi ne, kuma a cikin mata shuru ne mai launin kore-kore ko launin kore gabaɗaya. A gefen hannun kuma akwai madaidaicin tsayi. Idanun suna da girma, shuɗi-kore.
Habitat na Watcher Overlord
Yankin wannan mazhabar tana da faɗi sosai, ta ƙunshi kusan dukkanin yankuna na halitta daga Afirka ta kudu har zuwa andasar Scandinavia, amma a lokaci guda, rarraba nau'in ya kasance na gida a cikin mafi yawan kewayon. A cikin kasarmu, ana samun sarakunan sentinel ne kawai a kudu na yankin Turai. Ofan arewa na latti na Moscow, waɗannan alamun za a iya sanannu sanannu ne saboda jiragen, amma basa zaune a can.
Emperor Watchman Rayuwa
Wadannan magudanan ruwa suna zaune a cikin tafkunan a cikin wuraren dazuzzukan daji. Samuwar larvae yana faruwa ne cikin ruwa mara tsafta ko ruwa mara aiki. Larvae masu wuce gona da iri ne - na gaba. Suna ciyar da kusan dukkanin ƙananan halittun ruwa na ruwa: tadpoles, soya, crustaceans.
Mai tsaron sarki shine mafi girman katako a kasarmu.
Larvae na mashin din zuriya yana haɓaka shekaru 1-2, ya danganta da yanayin yanayin zafin da ruwa. Za a kawo Shedding da sauyawa a cikin tsofaffin kwari a Rasha a ƙarshen Mayu, kuma a cikin iyakokin arewa na kewayon a watan Yuni.
Jirgin zai ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta. Manyan sentinel sarakunan gargaji ne masu farauta na farauta. Wadannan magudanan ruwa suna ciyar da kwari iri-iri, amma sauro ne ke cin yawancin abincin.
Tsutsa da ƙirar fikafikai.
Mata da maza suna da halaye daban-daban. Maza, a matsayinka na mai mulki, sukan taru a kungiyoyi kusa da gawarwakin ruwa, kuma mace ta watse cikin nesa mai nisa kuma ta kasance a gefunan daji da bel na gandun daji. A cikin lokacin mating, mazan suna nuna halayyar ƙasa. Sukan yi biris da takamaiman wurin da macijin ya mutu, kuma mace sa ƙwayayensu.
Mai Gudanar da Gudanarwa
Lambobin wadannan tsintsaye a Afirka da Turai sunfi yawa a wasu wurare, amma a ƙasarmu ana iya raguwa. Wadannan magudanan ruwa sun zama ruwan dare a Arewacin Caucasus, a cikin lardunan Krasnodar da Stavropol.
Makusanci mai tsaro.
A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, a wurare da yawa na jama'a da ke ƙazantar da ruwan da ke lalata jikinsu, wannan nau'in ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Yawan ya ragu sosai ga Arewa. A kan iyakar fadin Moscow, ana samun sarakunan sentinel a cikin keɓaɓɓun lamura.
Mutane, suna lalata jikin ruwa da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, suna haifar da lahani ga manyan mutane.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Bayanin
Sarkin ZazzauAnax mai kwaikwayo) - mazari daga zuriyar dutsen (Aeshnidae) Ofayan mafi girma daga cikin itacen dodo a Rasha.
Kodan kore ne, mai ratsin baki daya a bakin kwarya. Ingsayoyi suna bayyanawa, tsawon cm 5. Farantin ɗayan launuka na bambancin launin toka-fararen launi. Kafafu masu tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle, wanda daga nan ne aka samar da “kwandon” a guje don kama kwari. Cikakken ciki na wani saurayi mai launin shuɗi ne, na mace mai launin shuɗi ne ko mai launin shuɗi, tare da madaidaiciyar baƙar fata ta hannun daman a gefen ƙasan hannun. Idanun suna da girma, launin shuɗi-kore.
Habitat
Dabbobin suna da kewayon da ba a saba ba, suna ketare dukkan bangarorin duniya daga Yankin Scandinavia zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, amma a yawancin yankuna da ke tsakanin kewayon yaduwar su kusan yankuna ne. A cikin Rasha, kewayon yana iyakance kawai ga ƙarshen rabin yankin Turai. Yankin arewa na kan iyaka ya ratsa ta layin Pskov Lake - Rybinsk Reservoir - Kuibyshev Reservoir - asalin Kogin Tobol. Zai yuwu cewa sanannan nau'in sanannun jirage ne a yankin arewa maso gabashin Moscow, kuma a al'ada basa zaune a wurin. Rarraba a cikin ɓangaren Rasha na kewayon mosaic ne, tare da kyakkyawar niyya don haɓaka ƙarancin wuraren zama a cikin shugabanci daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa-gabas.
An jera shi a cikin Littafin Lissafi na Tarayyar Rasha a cikin rukuni na 2 (nau'in raguwa).
Sake buguwa da abinci mai gina jiki
Mai tsaro sarki yana zaune a jikin gawawwaki, a bayyane da kuma wuraren rufe wurare dazuzzukan daji. Larvae ci gaba a cikin m ruwa da low-flowing jikin ruwa, a cikin hanyar rayuwa cike da magabatan - ambushes. Ganyen abinci na larvae suna da faɗi sosai kuma ya haɗa da kusan dukkanin ƙananan dabbobin ruwa, daga cbleaceans zuwa tadpoles da kifin soya. Haɓakawa yana ɗaukar shekaru 1-2, gwargwadon haske da yanayin zazzabi na wani tafki, haka kuma kan wadatar abinci. Za a ba da talla a kan manya a cikin Kudancin Rasha a ƙarshen Mayu, a iyakar arewa da rarraba a tsakiyar watan Yuni. Jirgin ya tashi tsayi har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta.
Mummunan daddare tsoffin dattako ne suke farautar ganima a cikin iska. Suna ciyar da kwari iri-iri masu yawa, amma sauro yakan zama tushen abincin. Akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin rarraba halittu na maza da mata: tsoffin sun fi mai da hankali ga jikin ruwa, na ƙarshen suna warwatse kan manyan yankuna, sun fifita gefunan daji, dasa bishiyoyi, da gandun daji. A lokacin kiwo, maza suna da dabi'un yan ƙasa - suna kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a cikin kowane yanki inda ake kwanciya da kwanciya.
An shigar da shi a cikin littafin Aljihu
A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 55% na yankin sarki dangin bai dace da wanzuwar al'ada ba. A wasu ƙasashe na Yammacin Turai da Arewacin Afirka, ana iya lura da kwari a cikin adadi masu yawa. A Rasha, lambobin su suna raguwa a kai a kai, kuma a cikin ɓangaren Turai, a wasu yankuna da ke da cunkoson jama'a, katsewa gaba ɗaya ya shuɗe. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ƙazamar ƙazantar ƙazanta shine zargi.
Daga cikin abubuwan rashin lafiyar anthropogenic, halayen jikin ruwa da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari an kuma bambanta. Abubuwan iyakancewar yanayi sune tsarin zazzabi da kuma gasa tare da magudanar ruwa na Rocker (Aeschna), waɗanda suke da yawa musamman a iyakar arewa na nau'in. An jera mai kallon-sarki a cikin Littattafai Red of Russia da Belarus. Bugu da kari, ana kiyaye shi a hade tare da sauran kwari a cikin ajiyar yawancin Rasha.
Yana da ban sha'awa
Masana'antar sarrafa jirgin sama yana da lada mai yawa. Jirgin saman jigilar farko ya girgiza sosai kuma hakan ya lalata jirgin sama. Masu zanen kaya na dogon lokaci basu san yadda zasu magance wannan ba, har sai sun yi nazarin tsarin halittar dabbar fuka-fukai mai haske. A gaban kan fuka-fukan kwari akwai duhu mai duhu, wanda ya kunshi jijiyoyin da suka yi yawa da sel - pterostigma, ko reshe ido. Yakan sanya fikafikan sama ya zama mai nauyi kuma hakan zai kara narkar da fikafikan sa. A baya an yi imanin cewa babban aikin ɓangaren reshe shine ɓatar da rawar jiki yayin tashin.
Rarrabawa
Mulkin: dabbobi (Animalia).
Nau'i: arthropods (Arthropoda).
Fasali: kwari (Insecta).
Squad: mazari (Odonata).
Iyali: Rocker (Aeshnidae).
Jinsi: masu tsaro (Anax).
Duba: sentinel sarki (Anax imperator).
Ilimin halitta
Mai tsaro-sarki yana zaune a wuraren ajiya a cikin wuraren shakatawa da wuraren rufe daji. Larvae ci gaba a cikin m ruwa da low-flowing jikin ruwa, a cikin hanyar rayuwa cike da magabatan - ambushes. Ganyen abinci na larvae suna da faɗi sosai kuma ya haɗa da kusan dukkanin ƙananan dabbobin ruwa, daga cbleaceans zuwa tadpoles da kifin soya. Haɓakawa yana ɗaukar shekaru 1-2, gwargwadon haske da yanayin zazzabi na wani tafki, haka kuma kan wadatar abinci. Za a ba da talla a kan manya a cikin Kudancin Rasha a ƙarshen Mayu, a iyakar arewa da rarraba a tsakiyar watan Yuni. Jirgin ya tashi tsayi har zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta. Mummunan daddare tsoffin dattako ne suke farautar ganima a cikin iska. Suna ciyar da kwari iri-iri masu yawa, amma sauro yakan zama tushen abincin. Akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin rarraba halittu na maza da mata: tsoffin sun fi mai da hankali ga jikin ruwa, na ƙarshen suna warwatse kan manyan yankuna, sun fifita gefunan daji, dasa bishiyoyi, da gandun daji. A lokacin kiwo, maza suna da dabi'un yan ƙasa - suna kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a cikin kowane yanki inda ake kwanciya da kwanciya.
Iyakan abubuwan
A Yammacin Turai da arewacin Afirka, lambobin suna da yawa a wurare. A Rasha, adadin yana raguwa a kai a kai. An lura da mafi yawan alamomi a cikin Arewacin Caucasus, a cikin yankunan Tervropol da Krasnodar. A kan tafkunan ambaliyar rami a cikin layukan Kabardino-Balkaria, yawan mutanen lardin zai iya kai 16 a ./m 2. Yawan tsoffin diyan katako kusa da waɗannan wuraren ajiyar ruwa ya kasance 12 ind./100 m na hanyar lissafin kuɗi. A cikin yankin Voronezh, bisa ga wasu bayanai, jinsin ba kasafai ba ne (taron 0.2-5 a kowace shekara), a cewar wasu yana da wuya. Yaduwar manya daga wuraren brood yana da faɗi, jan dutsen a wuraren da suka dace da ciyarwa na iya faruwa a nisan mil 3-4 daga jikin ruwa mafi kusa. A cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, a wurare da yawa na jama'a, da alama jinsi ya ɓace saboda gurɓataccen jikin ruwa. A Arewa, yawan nau'in halitta yana raguwa sosai; a latti na Moscow, 'yan fewan taro ne kawai aka sani cikin gari, wuraren da ba a haɗa su da su ba. Yawancin wurare, jinsunan suna sarrafa tafkuna, tafkuna da sauran sabbin wuraren tafkuna da sauri da kuma sauƙi. Abubuwan da ke iyakance abubuwan halitta a rarrabe jinsunan sune tsarin zafin jiki na jikin ruwa da gasa tare da kwararowar halittar Rocker (Aeshna), da yawa a kan iyakar arewacin yankin masu sintiri. Tasirin sakamako mara kyau a ɓangaren ɗan adam - gurbata jikin ruwan, amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari.
Bayyanar bayyanar
Mai gadin-sarki (Anaximperator), mai gadin-ubangiji ko sarki shudi shine babban dattako daga dangin. Tana cikin dangin masu sintiri. Girman jikinta shine 65-75 mm, fuka-fuki - 90-110 mm. Shugaban da kirjin kwaro kore ne. Fuka fukafukai suke guda biyu, suna bayyane, farantin reshe mai launin shuɗi-fari tare da fararen baƙi. Maharbin sarki-mai gudu a jirgi yana amfani da fikafikan gaba da na baya. Wannan fasalin yana ba da 'yancin walwala. Saurin jirgin kwari ya kai 40-50 km / h.
Abun ciki yana da tsayi da bakin ciki, a sashi na karshe akwai dunkulallun peculiar da ake amfani dasu wajen daskarewa. Babban launi shine shuɗi tare da duhu duhu. Abun ciki shine 90% na tsawon tsayin jiki. Ya ƙunshi bangarori 10 waɗanda mahaɗan chitinous suka kirkira. Tsakanin su akwai membranes na makamai masu guba, suna barin macijin ya lankwantar da ciki.
Mafi yawan kai yana dauke da manyan idanun manyan launuka masu launin shuɗi-kore. A cikin dangin rokey a kan karamin sashi suna cikin hulɗa. Antennae dabara, na bakin ciki da gajere. The bakin bakin yana taunawa da cizo mai karfi sosai. Larvae ne karaya, tare da zagaye da manyan idanu. Suna girma zuwa 45-55 mm. An rufe jikin launin ruwan kasa da kwasfa na chitinous.Larvae na da kwatancen numfashi a karkashin ruwa.
Tsutsa - mai cin naman riga a cikin wani kandami
Zuriya suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai narkewa, zai fi dacewa a cikin mara yawa, tafkunan da suka mamaye. Tsutsa ba shi da tsinkaya kamar wanda ya fi girma. Tana iyo a kasan tafki kuma tana kaiwa duk wani abin da ya ci ƙasa da kanta. Abincin shine ƙananan crustaceans - daphnia, amphipods. Tsutsa tsintsiya ya sami ikon kai hari a cikin kifi da tadpoles.
Hankali. Nama tsintsiya tsintsiya zata girma zuwa mm 60; tana cutar kamun kifi ta hanyar lalata lalata soya.
Tsutsa yana da gabar jiki mai rauni, saboda haka, ya fi dacewa a zauna akan dutse ko tsire-tsire a mafi yawan lokaci. Hanyar farauta shine jefawa wanda aka azabtar da shi hanzari. A kan aiwatar da iyo, tsutsa yana amfani da ka'idodin jet propulsion.
Siffofin Yaduwa
Namijin jan ragwaye ba ya bambanta da ladabi a cikin ladabi. Sun kama kan macen ta da na’urori na musamman akan ciki, su rike ta har maniyyin ya shiga cikin budewar jinsi. The ovipositor na mace an kafa shi ta hanyar hudu stylets, akwai cutar kaciya. Bayan hadi, sai su sanya ciyayi mai dindindin a jikin sassan tsirrai. A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 250-500. Lokacin shiryawa shine makonni hudu. Tare da rage zafin jiki, yana tsawaita. Qwai ne mafi saurin lokacin haɓaka. Dayawa suna mutuwa daga yanayin yanayi kuma masu cin abinci sun cinye su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Maza suna yin sintiri a yankin tafki domin sauran magudanan ruwa ba su sanya ƙwai ba, suna yin gasa don zuriyarsu.
Tsutsa tsutsa cikin shekaru 1-2, tsiwirinta ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki da kuma haskaka tafki. Tana da alaƙa 7-11, a cikin yankunan kudanci na Rasha ƙarshen ƙarshen ya fadi a watan Mayu, a cikin yankunan da ke arewacin, a tsakiyar watan Yuni. Tsutsa tsintsiyar ya fita daga tafkin ya hau kan tsirrai, inda canji ya kasance zuwa cikin imago ya faru. Kwaro ya bushe har sai fata ta fashe kuma tsohuwar macijin ya bayyana. Yana ɗaukar kimanin 6 hours don shimfiɗa fikafikan kuma ka taurara chitin murfin. Duk wannan lokacin mai tsaro yana ɓoye a cikin ɓarnar tsirrai na rairayin bakin teku.
Dalilai na raguwar jinsi
A cikin Arewacin Afirka da kuma wasu a Yammacin Turai, wannan nau'in dodo ya zama barazanar raguwa da yawan jama'a. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, yanayin ya fi rikitarwa, an lura da yawan adadin abubuwan dattin iska ne kawai a cikin Caucasus, Stavropol da Krasnodar Territory. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, yawansu yana faduwa sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Hoton sarki sentinel an saka shi a kan tsabar tsabar kudi na Babban Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 2 rubles.
Mai tsaron sarki ya mayar da martani ga gurbatattun sunadarai da suka shiga jikin ruwa. Kwaro yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin tabkuna da wuraren tafkuna. A cikin yankuna masu yawan mazauna da wuraren masana'antu, gurɓataccen ruwa yana faruwa kullun. Wannan shine babban dalilin dalilin raguwar kwaro. Aka jera mai kallon mai-sarki a cikin Littafin Red of Russia a matsayin nau'in halitta mai raguwa.